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Beirut Residents' Perspectives on August 4
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SEPTEMBER 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized BEIRUT RESIDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON AUGUST 4 BLAST Findings from a needs and perception survey © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, Beirut interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Residents’ World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. Needs and Perception The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, Survey colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522- 2625; e-mail: [email protected]. 2 Disclaimer The survey collected information related to five main themes: socio-economic status, damage assessment, trust in institutions, future outlook, and needs and concerns. -
Sidon's Ancient Harbour
ARCHAEOLOGY & H ISTORY SIDON’S ANCIENT HARBOUR: IN THE LEBANON ISSUE THIRTY FOUR -T HIRTY FIVE : NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS WINTER /S PRING 2011/12. AND HAZARDS PP. 433-459. N. CARAYON 1 C. MORHANGE 2 N. MARRINER 2 1 CNRS UMR 5140, A multidisciplinary study combining geoscience, archaeology and his - Lattes ([email protected]) tory was conducted on Sidon’s harbour (Lebanon). The natural charac - teristics of the site at the time of the harbour’s foundation were deter - 2 CNRS CEREGE UMR mined, as well as the human resources that were needed to improve 6635, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en- these conditions in relation to changes in maritime activity. In ancient Provence times, Sidon was one of the most active harbours and urban centres on ([email protected] ; the Levantine coast 3. It is therefore a key site to study ancient harbours, [email protected]). providing insight into both ancient cultures and the technological 1 Sidon’s coastal ba- thymetry. 1 apogee of the Roman and Byzantine periods. This article proposes a synthesis of Sidon’s harbour system based on geomorphological characteristics that favoured the development of a wide range of maritime facilities, refashioned and improved by human societies from the second millennium BC until the Middle Ages. 434 2 2 Aerial view of Sidon Sidon’ s coastline (fig. 1 -2) and Ziré during the 1940s (from A. Poide- The ancient urban center was developed on a rocky promontory dom - bard and J. Lauffray, inating a 2 km wide coastal plain, flanked by the Nahr el-Awali river to 1951). -
BEIRUT Responsibility of the Authors and Can in No Way Be Taken to Reflect the Views of the EU Or SDC
Co-funded by the European Union Co-funded by International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) and United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN - HABITAT). MEDITERRANEAN CITY - TO - CITY MIGRATION www.icmpd.org/MC2CM All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission of the copyright owners. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the CITY MIGRATION PROFILE European Union (EU) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Implemented by Cooperation (SDC). The content of this publication is the sole BEIRUT responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the EU or SDC. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VIENNA LYON TURIN MADRID LISBON TUNIS BEIRUT TANGIER AMMAN MIGRATION PATTERNS This document is a synthesis of the Municipality of Beirut Migration Profile and Since the second half of the 19th century most of Lebanon’s economic and cultural Priority Paper drafted in the framework of the Mediterranean City - to - City Migration activities have taken place in Beirut. The city currently boasts the country’s main Project (MC2CM). The project aims at contributing to improved migration govern- port, its only international airport, houses the government offices, and is the main ance at city level in a network of cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean cultural and educational centre. Beirut has therefore attracted various waves of region. More information is available at www.icmpd.org/MC2CM. -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
Classic Pilgrimage Tour of Lebanon 8 Days / 7 Nights
CLASSIC PILGRIMAGE TOUR OF LEBANON 8 DAYS / 7 NIGHTS DAY 1 / ARRIVAL IN BEIRUT Arrival at Beirut Int’l airport. Meet your guide at the arrival hall and if the time allows proceed for a meeting with Mgr. Mazloum in Bkerke, the see of the Maronite Catholic Patriarchate, located 650 m above the bay of Jounieh, northeast of Beirut, followed by Mass. Then, transfer to your accommodation. Dinner and overnight. DAY 2 / BEIRUT/ TYR / MAGDOUCHE / SAIDA / BEIRUT Visit the first archaeological site of Tyr with its amazing Roman ruins overlooking the sea. Visit the second site of Tyr with its necropolis and its Roman racecourse. Then, departure for the sanctuary of Mantara "Our Lady of Awaiting" in Magdouche, religious center of the Melkite Greek Catholics of Lebanon. Discover the sanctuary, mass of opening of the pilgrimage in the Grotto. Lunch. Continue to Saida, visit the "castle of the sea", cross fortress dating from the time when St. Louis was staying in Tyr. Visit the church of Saint Nicolas. It was built in the 15th century (the cathedral of the Byzantine Antiochian archbishopric in Sidon) following the Christian worship that dates back to the 7th century. Its dome is the biggest in the city and its altar dates back to the Mameluke period. Its iconostasis dates back to the 18th century. In 1819, the church was divided into two parts: one for the Greek Orthodox community and another one for the Greek Catholics. The latter part is closed in order to be renovated. At the door of the Greek Orthodox bishop (part of the cathedral) is a small chapel dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul. -
Chapter 4 Assessment of the Tourism Sector
The Study on the Integrated Tourism Development Plan in the Republic of Lebanon Final Report Vol. 4 Sector Review Report Chapter 4 Assessment of the Tourism Sector 4.1 Competitiveness This section uses the well-known Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats [SWOT] approach to evaluate the competitiveness of Lebanon for distinct types of tourism, and to provide a logical basis for key measures to be recommended to strengthen the sector. The three tables appearing in this section summarize the characteristics of nine segments of demand that Lebanon is attracting and together present a SWOT analysis for each to determine their strategic importance. The first table matches segments with their geographic origin. The second shows characteristics of the segments. Although the Diaspora is first included as a geographic origin, in the two later tables it is listed [as a column] alongside the segments in order to show a profile of its characteristics. The third table presents a SWOT analysis for each segment. 4.1.1 Strengths The strengths generally focus on certain strong and unique characteristics that Lebanon enjoys building its appeal for the nine segments. The country’s mixture of socio-cultural assets including its built heritage and living traditions constitutes a major strength for cultural tourism, and secondarily for MICE segment [which seeks interesting excursions], and for the nature-based markets [which combines nature and culture]. For the Diaspora, Lebanon is the unique homeland and is unrivaled in that role. The country’s moderate Mediterranean climate is a strong factor for the vacationing families coming from the hotter GCC countries. -
Saint Ann Maronite Church Information Booklet
THE WAY TO PARADISE Saint Ann Maronite Church Scranton, PA INFORMATION BOOKLET Price and Sumner Avenue Scranton, PA 18504 (570) 344-2129 Page 1 of 27 THE FAITH AND LIFE OF THE CHURCH ARE EMBODIED IN HISTORY HANDED ON BY TEACHING EXPRESSED THROUGH LITURGY AND MEMORIALIZED IN ARCHITECTURE Msgr. Ronald N. Beshara Page 2 of 27 OUR PAST ... Maronite history has its origins in Antioch where the early Christians received their faith from Saint Peter after he fled persecutions in Jerusalem. According to Acts 11:26 the followers of Christ were called Christians for the first time in Antioch. The seat of the Church remained there for 7 years before being transferred to Rome. Prior to 741 there were 7 Syro-Catholic Popes, 5 of them were Syro-Maronites. Antioch was a Hellenistic city while Edessa to the Northeast maintained a Syriac-Aramaic culture followed by the Christians who later were to be called Maronite. Their tradition followed the language, theology and liturgy of Christ and His Apostles thus reflecting their mentality. After divisions and persecutions the Christians gradually migrated to the safety of the mountains in Lebanon. Thus the liturgical roots of the Maronite Church can be traced to Antioch and Edessa. In the 4th century Saint Maron, a friend of Saint John Chrysostom, fought the heresies that beset the Catholic Church at that time, particularly Arianism, Monophysitism and Nestorianism. His monastery became the principal center of pastoral and spiritual care for the area. The monks and followers, then called Maronites, were continually called upon and willing to sacrifice their lives for their religious convictions. -
Bekaa & Baalbek
Lebanon September 2018 Bekaa & Baalbek - El-Hermel Governorates Prole POPULATION OVERVIEW 926,915 GENERAL OVERVIEW The Bekaa valley region is People living in Bekaa and administratively split into two Baalbek - El-Hermel Governorates governorates: Baalbek/Hermel Akkar Al Qaa (located in the north) and Bekaa Hermel 555,149 (located in the south). Along Lebanese the Bekaa region lies Lebanon’s North 59% largest ocial border crossing Baalbek/Aarsal with Syria, located in the Baalbek/El-Hermel Hermel 174,763 Masnaa locality. The region is Mount Baalbek P Deprived Beirut Lebanon home to 555,149 Lebanese, Wavel Lebanese 23,7 per cent of which are Zahle considered deprived, in Bekaa Refugees Masnaa 38% addition to 338,577 registered Joub Janine Syrian refugees, 16,863 Governorate boundaries Rachaiya Palestinians and 16,326 Capital Lebanese returnees, as the Major Towns West Bekaa Baalbek El -Hermel Rachaiya Zahle region makes up the vast El Nabatieh P Palestinian Camps majority of Lebanon’s 375 km South Official border crossing status border with Syria. With more 43% Open 32% than half of its population Closed Lebanese being refugees, the region is one of the most aected by the Unofficial Syrian crisis. crossing Registered Syrian 45% Refugees 33% Until August 2017, Baalbek’s north-eastern border was the site of sporadic armed clashes opposing Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and Hezbollah to Islamist Armed 338,577 Opposition Groups (I/AOG) around the localities of Aarsal, al-Zoueitini, Khreibeh, Qaa and Ras Baalbek. Some border towns were also subject to suicide bombings Palestine Refugees and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). -
Chronos Uses the Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA That Lets You Remix, Transform, and Build Upon the Material for Non-Commercial Purposes
Chronos- Revue d’Histoire de l’Université de Balamand, is a bi-annual Journal published in three languages (Arabic, English and French). It deals particularly with the History of the ethnic and religious groups of the Arab world. Journal Name: Chronos ISSN: 1608-7526 Title: Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview Author(s): Tasha Voderstrasse To cite this document: Voderstrasse, T. (2019). Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview. Chronos, 20, 103-128. https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476 Permanent link to this document: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476 Chronos uses the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA that lets you remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes. However, any derivative work must be licensed under the same license as the original. CHl{ONOS Revue d'Histoirc de l'Univcrsite de Balamand Numero 20, 2009, ISSN 1608 7526 ARCHAEOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL LEBANON: AN OVERVIEW T ASHA VORDERSTRASSE 1 Introduction This article will present an overview of the archaeological work done on medieval Lebanon from the 19th century to the present. The period under examination is the late medieval period, from the 11th to the 14th centuries, encompassing the time when the region was under the control of various Islamic dynasties and the Crusaders. The archaeology of Le banon has been somewhat neglected over the years, despite its importance for our understanding of the region in the medieval period, mainly because of the civil war (1975-1990), which made excavations and surveys in the country impossible and led to the widespread looting of sites (Hakiman 1987; Seeden 1987; Seeden 1989; Fisk 1991 ; Hakiman 1991; Ward 1995; Hackmann 1998; Sader 2001. -
The Archaeology of Conflict-Damaged Sites: Hosn Niha in the Biqaʾ
The archaeology of conflict-damaged sites: Hosn Niha in the Biqaʾ Valley, Lebanon Paul Newson1 &RuthYoung2 Archaeological and cultural heritage is always at risk of damage and destruction in areas of conflict. Despite legislation to protect sites and minimise the impact of war or civil unrest, much archaeological data is still being lost, not least in the Middle East. Careful Hosn Niha research design and methodological recording Beirut strategies tailored to sites destroyed by conflict or looting can, however, provide much more Method information than previously imagined. This is illustrated by a case study focusing on the Roman settlement and temples at Hosn N Niha in the Biqaʾ Valley, which were 0 km 50 severely damaged in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. Sufficient information was recovered to reconstruct many details, including the chronology and development of the site. Keywords: Lebanon, Roman settlement, conflict archaeology, looting, Cultural Resource Management, GIS Introduction When faced with the destruction of archaeological sites through conflict and the accompanying loss of knowledge, what can archaeologists do? In this paper, we use the example of a site in Lebanon, which has been severely damaged by multiple conflict episodes, to show that a great deal can be learned from an apparently destroyed site by careful fieldwork and analysis. Conflict is arguably an integral part of human interaction, and archaeological studies have provided evidence for conflict from as early as the Palaeolithic (Thorpe 2003). Conflicts have occurred throughout prehistory and history, and they are an inescapable evil in many parts of the world today (Boylan 2002). The human cost in any conflict is high and, obviously, protecting people has to be the first priority during such periods. -
Layout CAZA AAKAR.Indd
Qada’ Akkar North Lebanon Qada’ Al-Batroun Qada’ Bcharre Monuments Recreation Hotels Restaurants Handicrafts Bed & Breakfast Furnished Apartments Natural Attractions Beaches Qada’ Al-Koura Qada’ Minieh - Dinieh Qada’ Tripoli Qada’ Zgharta North Lebanon Table of Contents äÉjƒàëªdG Qada’ Akkar 1 QɵY Aɰ†b Map 2 á£jôîdG A’aidamoun 4-27 ¿ƒeó«Y Al-Bireh 5-27 √ô«ÑdG Al-Sahleh 6-27 á∏¡°ùdG A’andaqet 7-28 â≤æY A’arqa 8-28 ÉbôY Danbo 9-29 ƒÑfO Deir Jenine 10-29 ø«æL ôjO Fnaideq 11-29 ¥ó«æa Haizouq 12-30 ¥hõ«M Kfarnoun 13-30 ¿ƒfôØc Mounjez 14-31 õéæe Qounia 15-31 É«æb Akroum 15-32 ΩhôcCG Al-Daghli 16-32 »∏ZódG Sheikh Znad 17-33 OÉfR ï«°T Al-Qoubayat 18-33 äÉ«Ñ≤dG Qlaya’at 19-34 äÉ©«∏b Berqayel 20-34 πjÉbôH Halba 21-35 ÉÑ∏M Rahbeh 22-35 ¬ÑMQ Zouk Hadara 23-36 √QGóM ¥hR Sheikh Taba 24-36 ÉHÉW ï«°T Akkar Al-A’atiqa 25-37 á≤«à©dG QɵY Minyara 26-37 √QÉ«æe Qada’ Al-Batroun 69 ¿hôàÑdG Aɰ†b Map 40 á£jôîdG Kouba 42-66 ÉHƒc Bajdarfel 43-66 πaQóéH Wajh Al-Hajar 44-67 ôéëdG ¬Lh Hamat 45-67 äÉeÉM Bcha’aleh 56-68 ¬∏©°ûH Kour (or Kour Al-Jundi) 47-69 (…óæédG Qƒc hCG) Qƒc Sghar 48-69 Qɨ°U Mar Mama 49-70 ÉeÉe QÉe Racha 50-70 ɰTGQ Kfifan 51-70 ¿ÉØ«Øc Jran 52-71 ¿GôL Ram 53-72 ΩGQ Smar Jbeil 54-72 π«ÑL Qɪ°S Rachana 55-73 ÉfɰTGQ Kfar Helda 56-74 Gó∏MôØc Kfour Al-Arabi 57-74 »Hô©dG QƒØc Hardine 58-75 øjOôM Ras Nhash 59-75 ¢TÉëf ¢SGQ Al-Batroun 60-76 ¿hôàÑdG Tannourine 62-78 øjQƒæJ Douma 64-77 ÉehO Assia 65-79 É«°UCG Qada’ Bcharre 81 …ô°ûH Aɰ†b Map 82 á£jôîdG Beqa’a Kafra 84-97 GôØc ´É≤H Hasroun 85-98 ¿hô°üM Bcharre 86-97 …ô°ûH Al-Diman 88-99 ¿ÉªjódG Hadath -
Beirut Port Explosions Response
BEIRUT PORT RESPONSE EXPLOSIONS Beirut Municipality Rapid Building-level Damage Assessment Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat October 2020 Working Version With support from Citation format: Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat (2020), Beirut: UN-Habitat Lebanon. Copyright © 2020 Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat. All rights reserved. Cover photo: © UN-Habitat (2020). PARTNERS Engineering and construction companies: Academic institutions: International non-governmental organisations: CREDITS UN-Habitat Lebanon Authors: Elie Mansour; Georges Abi Sleiman. GIS and IM: Christelle Bercachy. Data Analysis/Visualization and Report Production/Design Layout: Georges Abi Sleiman; Joseph Metni. Editor: Suzanne Maguire; Taina Christiansen Municipality of Beirut Head of Engineering Department: Jihad Bekaii. Hani Diab el-Arab; Maroun Abi Najem. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Purpose of report Administrative boundaries and assessment zones Background and context Methodology 3 Zoning Visual inspection steps for surveyors PURPOSE OF REPORT Habitability based on signs of damage Work progress milestones Findings 7 Coding of buildings for damage and habitability Assessment findings Next steps 9 Annex 10 360 degree surveys Responding to requests for municipal assistance Rubble removal Photo gallery ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES AND ASSESSMENT ZONES AND ASSESSMENT BOUNDARIES ADMINISTRATIVE INTRODUCTION The Port of Beirut explosions of 4th August 2020, evacuation whilst also providing evidence for formulating situated within the boundaries of the Municipality