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Coleoptera: Elmidae), with Descriptions of Their Larvae

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Coleoptera: Elmidae), with Descriptions of Their Larvae Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 20 (2): 235–244. November 30, 2014. Taxonomic Treatments of Two Japanese Elmid Beetles, Stenelmis vulgaris Nomura and Leptelmis gracilis Sharp (Coleoptera: Elmidae), with Descriptions of Their Larvae Masakazu HAYASHI1) and Hiroyuki YOSHITOMI2) 1) Hoshizaki Green Foundation, 1664-2 Sono, Izumo, 691-0076 Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2) Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Two synonymic treatments are made: Stenelmis miyamotoi Nomura et Nakane, 1958 is wingless form of Stenelmis vulgaris Nomura, 1958; Leptelmis parallela Nomura, 1962 is winged form of Leptelmis gracilis Sharp, 1888. The larvae of two species are easily distinguishable by the body shape and coloration from other Japanese elmid larvae. Key words. egg, hind wing venation, new synonymy, riffle beetles, wing dimorphism Introduction NSMT: National Science Museum, Tsukuba (S. Nomura) The family Elmidae (elmid beetles, riffle beetles) lives in Morphological observation lotic environments, which is one of the most diverse group Living adults and larvae on small water tank were of lotic beetles in Japan. Approximately 50 species of elmid photographed by Canon digital camera, EOS 70D attached beetles, classified into 17 genera are known from Japan (Satô, macro photo lens MP-E 65 mm and macro twin light MT- 1985, 1999; Jeng & Yang, 1998; Yoshitomi & Satô, 2005; 24EX in the laboratory. Kamite et al., 2006; Yoshitomi & Nakajima, 2007, 2012; The external morphology of adults and larvae were Kamite, 2009) but the taxonomic problems exist in several examined under a stereoscopic microscope (Nikon SMZ) species and genera. Hayashi et al. (2013) determined that the and photographed for the external structure under a zoom previously separated winged and wingless species, Stenelmis microscope, Nikon AZ-100 with a CCD camera, Nikon Digital vulgaris and S. miyamotoi, and Leptelmis gracilis and L. Sight (DS-L2). Egg is photographed under a light microscope, parallela, are two forms of the same species by molecular Nikon Eclipse E600 attached phase contrast microscopy with phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome a CCD camera (DS-L2). About 5 to 10 digital photographs oxidase subunit I and nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences. In were made by focus stacking, using a digital image processing the dimorphic species, wingless forms have sloping shoulders software, Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Macintosh. (antero-lateral part of the elytra) due to degeneration of the Observation and drawing method of the genitalia and hind hind wings, whereas winged forms have square shoulders wing venation are followed by Yoshitomi (2014). (Hayashi et al., 2013). However, their formal synonymization Terminology is followed after Kodada & Jäch (2005) of these species has not been made. In this paper, we treated for morphological features of elmid larva and adult and two pare of synonymy, described their larvae, and discussed Kukalová-Peck & Lawrence (1993, 2004) for wing venation. their ecology. Taxonomic treatments Materials and methods Stenelmis vulgaris Nomura, 1958 Field collecting (Figs. 1A–B, 2A–C, 3A–F, 4A–C, 5A) From June to August of 2006 and 2014, the first author investigated Elmidae in Hii-kawa Riv., Izumo, Shimane Stenelmis vulgaris Nomura, 1958, 44 Prefecture, Japan. All adults found in one hour during the day Stenelmis vulgaris: Nomura, 1960, 36; Satô, 1977, 2; Satô, were collected from riparian roots and decaying woods under 1985, 437. the running water. Stenelmis miyamotoi Nomura et Nakane, 1958, 81 Syn. nov. Stenelmis miyamotoi: Nomura, 1960, 36; Satô, 1977, 2; Satô, Specimens 1985, 437. All the specimens observed in this paper are collected from Japan: almost adult specimens are dry condition with Type series examined. Paratypes of Stenelmis miyamotoi pinned label; larval specimens are also dry in part, other Nomura et Nakane, 1958, 11 exs. (EUMJ), “Nagara Gifu 19. specimens fixed 70% or 99% ethyl alcohol. Abbreviation of VI. 1957 Masa. Satô”. Paratype of Stenelmis vulgaris Nomura, depositories are as follows: 1958, 1 ex. (EUMJ), “Saeki Oita 24. VI. 1950 K. Kurosa”. EUMJ: Ehime University Museum, Matsuyama (H. Addtional specimens examined (in coll. of HOWP). 7 Yoshitomi) exs. (apterous), Hii-kawa, Shimamura, Izumo-shi, Shimane HOWP: Hoshizaki Institute for Wildlife Protection, Pref., 15. VI. 2014, M. Hayashi leg.; 9 exs. (apterous), Hii- Izumo (M. Hayashi) kawa, Shimamura, Izumo-shi, Shimane Pref., 22. VI. 2014, M. Ⓒ Japanese Society of Systematic Entomology 236 Hayashi, M. & H. Yoshitomi Fig.1. Living individuals of Stenelmis vulgaris (A, B, E) and Leptelmis gracilis (C, D, F) collected from Hii-kawa Riv., Shimane Pref., Japan in 2014. A–D, Adults; E–F, larvae; A, C, apterous; B, D, macropterous. Hayashi leg.; 2 exs. (apterous), Ibo-gawa, Ibo, Hikawa-chô, slightlycurved interiorly in apical portion, projecting dorso- Izumo-shi, Shimane Pref., 24. VI. 2014, M. Hayashi leg.; 40 interiorly and ventro-apically in proximal 1/2 of dorsal and exs. (apterous), Hii-kawa, Shimamura, Izumo-shi, Shimane ventral portions respectively, sparsely punctate, sparsely Pref., 29. VI. 2014, M. Hayashi leg.; 42 exs. (40 apterous and bearing short setae; median lobe long, about 1.1 times as long 2 macropterous), Hii-kawa, Shimamura, Izumo-shi, Shimane as parameres, tapered posteriorly from base to apical 1/3, Pref., 2. VII. 2014, M. Hayashi leg.; slightly expanded in apical part, sparsely punctate in ventral Descriptions. Body size: macropterous 2.6–3.0 mm, portion. apterous 2.5–3.1 mm. Female: Tergite VIII (Fig. 4A) semicircular, densely Male: Tergite VIII (Fig. 3A) semicircular, sparsely bearing bearing short setae in caudal portion, covered with short setae, covered with microtrichia in basal portion. Sternite microtrichia in basal portion. Sternite VIII (Fig. 4B) projecting VIII (Fig. 3B) transverse, bearing short setae and short antero-laterally in lateral portions, bearing long/short setae, spines, with rather short median strut. Sternite IX (Fig. 3C) with long and slender median strut. Ovipositor (Fig. 4C) asymmetrical, straight in caudal margin, with stout median relatively short and stout; approximate ratio of stylus, distal strut. Aedeagus (Fig. 3D–F) atout, about 0.65 mm; phallobase portion of coxite, basal portion of coxite, and valvifer (n = 1) short, about 0.6 times as long as parameres; parameres long, as 1.0 : 3.4 : 1.9 : 5.7. November 30, 2014, JJSE 20 (2) Wing dimorphism and larvae of Stenelmis vulgaris and Leptelmis gracilis 237 Fig. 2. Male adults of Stenelmis vulgaris (A–C) and Leptelmis gracilis (D–F). A, C, D, F, Dorsal view; B, E, veltral view; A, B, D, E, apterous; C, F, macropterous. Hind wing: The venation as shown in Fig. 5A. 437. Remarks. Stenelmis miyamotoi Nomura et Nakane is Leptelmis parallela Nomura, 1962, 46. Syn. nov. wingless form (apterous) of Stenelmis vulgaris Nomura Leptelmis parallela: Satô, 1977, 3; Satô, 1985, 437. (Hayashi et al., 2013). Type series examined. Holotype of Leptelmis parallela Leptelmis gracilis Sharp, 1888 Nomura, 1962, (NSMT), “♂”, “Ikenobe, Miki-chô Kagawa (Figs. 1C–D, 2D–F, 3G–L, 4D–G, 5B) Pref. 15 Aug. 1954 M. Chûjo”, “HOLOTYPE Leptelmis parallela Nomura (1962)”. Leptelmis gracilis Sharp, 1888, 244. Addtional specimens examined (in coll. of HOWP). Leptelmis gracilis: Satô, 1960, 43; Satô, 1977, 2; Satô, 1985, 4 exs. (apterous) & 3 larvae, Ibo-gawa, Ibo, Hikawa-chô, November 30, 2014, JJSE 20 (2) 238 Hayashi, M. & H. Yoshitomi Fig. 3. Male genitalia of Stenelmis vulgaris (A–F) and Leptelmis gracilis (G–L). A, G, Tergite VIII; B, H, sternite VIII; C, I, sternite IX; D–F, J–L, aedeagus in dorsal (D, J) and ventral (E, K) and lateral (F, L) view. Izumo-shi, Shimane Pref., 24. VI. 2014, M. Hayashi leg.; 2 as parameres; parameres long, straightly projecting, sparsely exs. (apterous), Hii-kawa, Shimamura, Izumo-shi, Shimane punctate, bearing short setae; median lobe long, about 1.3 Pref., 29. VI. 2014, M. Hayashi leg.; 4 exs. (apterous), Hii- times as long as parameres, subparallel-sided near base to kawa, Shimamura, Izumo-shi, Shimane Pref., 2. VII. 2014, apical 1/3, slightly expanded in apical part, sparsely punctate M. Hayashi leg.; 3 exs. (2 apterous and 1 macropterous), Hii- in ventral portion. kawa, Shimamura, Izumo-shi, Shimane Pref., 4. VII. 2014, M. Female: Tergite VIII (Fig. 4D) semicircular, densely Hayashi leg.; bearing short setae in caudal portion, covered with Descriptions. Body size: macropterous 2.6–2.8 mm, microtrichia in basal portion. Sternite VIII (Fig. 4E) projecting apterous 2.4–2.8 mm. antero-laterally, bearing long setae and minute spines, with Male: Tergite VIII (Fig. 3G) semicircular, densely bearing long and stout median strut. Ovipositor (Fig. 4F) relatively short setae in caudal portion, covered with microtrichia in long; distal portion of coxite slender; approximate ratio of basal portion. Sternite VIII (Fig. 3H) transverse, bearing stylus, distal portion of coxite, basal portion of coxite, and rather long setae and short spines, with long median strut. valvifer (n = 1) as 1.0 : 3.5 : 3.0 : 7.5; vagina with about 30 Sternite IX (Fig. 3I) asymmetrical, shallowly concave in small serrae (Fig. 4G). caudal margin, with long and slender median strut. Aedeagus Hind wing: The venation as shown in Fig. 5B. (Fig. 3J–L) long, about 0.69 mm; phallobase long, as long Remarks. Leptelmis parallela Nomura is winged form November 30, 2014, JJSE 20 (2) Wing dimorphism and larvae of Stenelmis vulgaris and Leptelmis gracilis 239 Fig. 4. Female genitalia of Stenelmis vulgaris (A–C) and Leptelmis gracilis (D–G). A, D, Tergite VIII; B, E, sternite VIII; C, F, ovipositor; G, sclerites on vagina. Fig. 5. Hind wing venation of Stenelmis vulgaris (A) and Leptelmis gracilis (B). (macropterous) of Leptelmis gracilis Sharp (Hayashi et al., Description of larvae 2013). Stenelmis vulgaris Nomura (Figs. 1E, 6A–C, 7A–B) In some elmid genera/species, bursa copulatrix of female Description.
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