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Viticulture Research OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER OGIC ANNUAL REPORT (1 July ’19 – 30 June ‘20) Viticulture Research Imed Dami, Project Manager & PI Maria Smith, Co-PI Melanie Ivey, Co-PI Andrew y Kirk, Co-PI Diane Kinney, Collaborator Lorena Brown, Collaborator Todd Steiner, Collaborator go.osu.edu/grapes CFAES provides research and related educational programs to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis. For more information, visit cfaesdiversity.osu.edu. For an accessible format of this publication, visit cfaes.osu.edu/accessibility. Project #1: Evaluation of Performance and Cultural Practices of Promising Winegrape Varieties Investigators: Imed Dami, Diane Kinney, Andrew Kirk, and Todd Steiner Project Type: Research and Extension Status: On-going Trial Location: OARDC-Wooster, AARS-Kingsville Objectives: The OSU Viticulture-Enology Program has evaluated more than 60 varieties in the past 10 years. The majority of recent variety planting in Ohio results from recommendations by the OSU viticulture and enology program. Examples include: Cabernet franc, Pinot gris, Chambourcin, Traminette, Noiret, Marquette, LaCrescent, and Frontenac to list a few. Variety evaluation consisted of determining the viticultural and enological performances and identifying the pros and cons of these varieties grown under Ohio climates. From the current project, we have identified more than 10 varieties that performed well and thus have been recommended for planting commercially in Ohio. In 2014, the variety trial in the Wooster site sustained 70% vine loss (vs. 20% in Kingsville). We have 3 years’ worth of data from the Wooster trial, but only 2 years from Kingsville. The Kingsville plot has many varieties that were planted later than in Wooster thus vines are young and do not have sufficient data to make any recommendations. Furthermore, at recent meetings (Tri-county growers’ association and AARS advisory committee) in northeast Ohio, most growers ranked variety evaluation as a high research priority. For those reasons, Dami and his research team continued the trial in Kingsville by replacing dead/missing vines (20%). Due to extensive loss (70% dead vines) at the Wooster site, all vines were removed except for one row. In 2016, vines did not sustain any cold damage and we had a full crop in Kingsville for the first time since 2013. Results: • In 2016, Dami established new trials at the Wooster site with the most promising varieties by planting larger number of vines per variety to conduct research on best practices to grow these varieties in Ohio. Additionally, Dami and his group planted new V. vinifera varieties and clones to be tested for the first time in Ohio (Tables 1, 2). Missing vines of 11 varieties and clones were grafted in May 2020 (Table 3). 2 • In 2018, Dami established another trial to evaluate grape varieties and selections that are cold hardy and can be grown in hardiness zones 5 and 6. Most selections originate from the breeding programs in Minnesota and New York and a private breeder, Tom Plocher (Table 4). • 2019 Winter injury: Vines sustained consecutive winter damage in 2018 and 2019. In January 2019, vines were exposed to -7.2F and -6.8F in Wooster and Kingsville, respectively. Primary Bud Injury: ranged between 0% (Frontenac gris and MN1258) and 100% (Dolcetto, Fernao Pires, Malvasia, Syrah, and Touriga Brasileira) in Wooster (Tables 5, 6, Fig. 1) and 5% (Pinot noir precoce) and 100% (Dolcetto and Pinotage) in Kingsville (Table 7, Fig. 2). Like in 2018, we adjusted pruning to compensate for bud loss at both locations (Tables 5, 7). Whole vine injury: was assessed in the summer and ranged between 1.1 (least injury in Regent and Verdejo) and 4.9 (most injury in Fernao Pires and Viosinho) in Wooster (Table 9); and 1 (several varieties) and 4 (Durif and Moscato) in Kingsville (Table 9). Crown gall incidence: ranged between 0 (Touriga) and 100% (Fernao) in Wooster (Table 8); and 0 (Cab franc, Regent, Tocai) and 100% (Pinot noir precoce, Pinotage, Teroldego) in Kingsville (Table 9). Vine death (assessed in 2020): Even though the 2020 winter was mild, we collected vine mortality remnant of the 2019 damage. Vine death ranged between 0% (Cab franc, Chardonnay, Regent) and 92% (Viosinho) (Table 10). • Based on the above winter injury assessment, varieties can be grouped into the following classification: o Minimum injury: Cabernet franc, Chardonnay, P. Manseng, Regent, Tocai Friulano, Verdejo, and Verdelho o Moderate injury: Albarinho, Sauv blanc 26, Sauv blanc 27, Touriga Brasiliera, and Trousseau o Significant injury: Arneis, Dolcetto, Malvasia, Merlot, Pinotage, Sauv blanc 14, Sauv blanc 18, and Teroldego o Severe injury: Durif, Fernao Pires, Moscato, Primitivo, Sauv blanc 1, Sauv blanc 7, Syrah, Viosinho • Varieties at the Wooster site are in their 3rd or 4th leaf so vines are young. The winter injury in 2018 and 2019 did not allow the full establishment of many varieties. Nevertheless, we managed to collect some phenology and harvest data whenever possible (Tables 11-14). Wooster: ➢ Phenology: The earliest varieties broke buds on 30 April. Dolcetto, Malvasia, Regent, Syrah, Teroldego, and Tocai had the latest budbreak on 3 May. Veraison was first observed in Regent and Sauvignon blanc (Aug 9) and latest in Cabernet franc and P. Manseng (21 and 19 Aug) (Table 11). 3 ➢ Harvest date: The earliest variety was Trousseau (5 Sept). The latest varieties, Cabernet franc and P. Manseng were harvested 5 weeks later on 11 October (Tables 11-12). ➢ Yield: Due to winter injury, Dolcetto, Fernao, Malvasia, Merlot, Primitivo, Syrah, Teroldego, and Viosinho had no crop. Sauvignon blanc 1 and Verdejo had the highest yield of 4 tons/acre after hedge pruning to 5-bud spurs. Most varieties had yields between 1 and 3 tons/acre (Table 12). ➢ Vine size (vigor): Since vines were still young, pruning weights ranged between 0 and 0.37 lb/ft (Table 12). ➢ Vine balance: Most vines were still not fully established, and crop loads ranged between 2 and 10. Most varieties had croploads within the desired range which indicates vines were balanced (Table 12). ➢ Fruit composition: Brix, pH and TA values were within the expected range for each variety. TSS ranged between 19 (Trousseau and Verdejo) and 25 Brix (P. Manseng and Verdelho). The pH ranged between 2.97 (Albarinho) and 3.53 (Touriga). TA ranged between 6.2% (Verdejo) and 10.2% (P. Manseng). Fruit maturity index (FMI) ranged between 22 (Albarinho) and 36 (Verdejo) (Table 12). Kingsville: ➢ Harvest date: As expected, the earliest variety was Siegerrebe (6 Sept). The latest varieties, Albarinho, Malvasia, Petit Manseng, Pinotage, and Teroldego were harvested 8 weeks later on 4 November (Table 13). ➢ Yield: Due to winter injury, Durif and Moscato had no crop. Dolcetto and Pinotage produced the lowest yield of 1 ton/acre. Gruner veltliner produced the highest yield of 6.9 tons/acre after pruning followed by Gamay (6.1 tons/acre) and Regent (6 tons/acre). The remaining varieties produced between 2 and 5 tons/acre after pruning adjustment (Table 13). ➢ Vine size (vigor): The lowest pruning weight was recorded in Durif at 0.08 lb/ft and the highest pruning weight in Tocai at 0.64 lb/ft. Most varieties were within the desirable range of 0.2-0.4 lb/ft except Arneis, Dolcetto, Gamay, Malvasia, Moscato, Ortega, Pinotage, and Teroldego (Table 13). ➢ Vine balance: Albarinho, Dolcetto, Pinot precoce, Pinotage, and Tocai had the lowest croploads (yield per vine / pruning per vine). Gamay and Gruner had the highest cropload at 15 and 12.4 respectively. Most varieties had croploads within the desired range indicates vines were balanced (Table 13). ➢ Fruit composition: Brix, pH and TA values were within the expected range for each variety. TSS ranged between 17.2 (Siegerrebe) and 24.5 Brix (P.Manseng). The pH ranged between 2.98 (Albarinho) and 3.49 (Pinot). TA ranged between 4 0.6% (Siegerrebe) and 1.2% (Albarinho and Teroldego). Fruit maturity index (FMI) ranged between 16 (P. Manseng) and 29 (Kerner and Siegerrebe) (Table 13). • Vinification: In 2019, Todd Steiner and his group made wines from the following varieties and locations – In Kingsville: Arneis, Ortega, Petite Manseng, Gamay noir (carbonic maceration), Gamay noir (traditional), Regent, Siegerrebe, Teroldego; In Wooster: Aromella, La Crescent, NY81, Sauvignon blanc, Verdejo, Verdelho. Conclusion: Based on the above results, there are varieties that performed poorly after the cold events, (though not extreme like in 2014-2015) in 2018 and 2019.These include: Durif, Fernao Pires, Moscato, Primitivo, Sauv blanc 1, Sauv blanc 7, Syrah, Viosinho. Except for Primitivo, which needs further evaluation, we don’t recommend the other varieties for commercial planting where minimum temperatures are expected to drop below -7 oF. 5 Table 1. Vinifera wine grape varieties planted at OARDC-Wooster. Variety Clone Color* Rootstock Planting date Albarino FPS 01 W 101-14 2016-2017 Arneis FPS 01 W 101-14 2016-2018 Cabernet franc FPS 11 R 101-14 2010 & 2018 Chardonnay FPS 37 W 101-14 2010 - 2017 Dolcetto FPS 02 R 101-14 2016-2018 Fernao Pires FPS 1 W 3309 2016-2017 Malvasia FPS 03 W 101-14 2016-2018 Merlot FPS 03 R 101-14 2016-2018 Petit Manseng NA W 101-14 2016 Pinotage FPS 01 R 101-14 2016-2018 Primitivo FPS 03 R 101-14 2018 Primitivo FPS 05 R 101-14 2018 Primitivo FPS 06 R 101-14 2018 Regent NA R 101-14 2017 - 2018 Sauvignon blanc FPS 01 W 101-14 2016-2017 Sauvignon blanc FPS 07 W 101-14 2016-2017 Sauvignon blanc FPS 14 W 101-14 2008 - 2017 Sauvignon blanc FPS 18 W 101-14 2016-2017 Sauvignon blanc FPS 26 W 101-14 2016-2017 Sauvignon blanc FPS 27 W 101-14 2016 Syrah FPS 07 R 101-14 2016-2017 Touriga Brasiliera FPS 01 R 3309 2016- 2018 Teroldego FPS 02 R 101-14 2016-2017 Tocai Friulano FPS 01 W 101-14 2016-2017 Trousseau FPS 10.1 R 101-14 2016-2018 Verdejo FPS 1.1 W 3309 2016-2017 Verdelho FPS 11.1 W 3309 2016-2017 Viosinho FPS 1.1 W 101-14 2016-2017 *R=red, W=white 6 Table 2.
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