DOCSLIB.ORG

Factors on Development of Community-Based Tourism (Cbt) in Phitsanulok Province of Thailand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Factors on Development of Community-Based Tourism (Cbt) in Phitsanulok Province of Thailand Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 12, 2020 FACTORS ON DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM (CBT) IN PHITSANULOK PROVINCE OF THAILAND 1Pakin Witchayakawin, 2Yuhanis Abdul Aziz*, 3Anuar Shah Bin Bali Mahomed, 4Nawal Hanim Binti Abdullah 1Ph.D Student, School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 2Supervisor, Associate Professor, School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 3Co-supervisor, Associate Professor, School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 4Co-supervisor, Senior Lecturer, School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia. *Corresponding E-mail: [email protected] Received: 02.03.2020 Revised: 04.04.2020 Accepted: 06.05.2020 Abstract This qualitative research by case study approach focuses on identifying the factors on the development of community-based tourism (CBT) in Phitsanulok Province of Thailand. The in-depth interview is the primary tool, gathering data from 10 key informants who are community leaders, CBT and homestay operators as well as a CBT project founder from June to July 2019. Cluster random sampling technique was used in three dominant CBT villages in Phitsanulok Province. An open coding technique by Nvivo12PLUS program was used to analyze the data. The findings show that the seven most important factors covering community participation are: ownership, outside support and supportive policy, marketing, value creation and supply chain, empowerment and people potential, leadership, and partnership. Surprisingly, three new effective factors are entrepreneurship skill, type of activities, and tour package design. It implies that visitors could accommodate one more night in Phitsanulok due to the activity types that appear to be an effective factor in developing and encouraging their stay. Key words: Factors, Development, Community-Based Tourism © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.12.12 INTRODUCTION Mekong River-based Tourism Product Development”. Also, this The exploration on development factors of community-based project promotes tourism in the Mekong River as a trans- tourism (CBT) is the primary purpose of this research. boundary river in Southeast Asia, and the project runs through six Phitsanulok Province of Thailand has highlighted itself as the countries covering Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic beautiful Buddha image destination for many centuries, while the (Lao PDR), Myanmar, Viet Nam, and Thailand [2]. The primary CBT was only developed in recent years. The CBT is a form of Thailand tourism policy aims toward the sustainable, ecosystem, tourism attraction in Phitsanulok, where locals can sell their CBT and area development as well as marketing support [3]. products to global markets. The United Nation World Tourism Additionally, the area development policy aims to improve Organization (UNWTO) reported that international tourist tourism in Rivera areas and CBT by starting a campaign “Amazing arrivals throughout the world had a very solid result in 2017 by Thailand Go Local” in 2018 to stimulate tourist's interest in increasing 7% as the second strongest year since 2010 [1]. Based visiting the 55 Mueang Rong or the less visited provinces on information reported by various destinations in the world, the (“Mueang” means a city or a province; “Rong” means the second number continuously increased 6% by climbing up to 1.4 billion rank) to raise the growth of the economy in less visited provinces in 2018 [1]. In 2016, UNWTO announced that Community-based as shown in figure 1. Tourism (CBT) activities are used to promote the project “UNWTO Fig. 1: Map of 55 Mueang Rong [4] Journal of critical reviews 75 FACTORS ON DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM (CBT) IN PHITSANULOK PROVINCE OF THAILAND Figure 1 shows the location of the 55 Mueang Rong throughout Sustainable Tourism (DASTA) was set with the responsibility of Thailand which is covered by this campaign. The campaign community-centred benefit projects. Then, the Thailand provides for Thai tourists to receive an income tax deduction Community Based Tourism Institute (CBT-i) and Thailand CBT should they visit any of the 55 provinces. Phitsanulok Province is Network Coordination Center (CBT-N-CC) were founded in 2006 also included and offers other extra benefits and activities such as and then followed by the Community Based Tourism International (1) bargain for locally made products, (2) organize meetings, Research for Development Center (CBT-IRDC) in 2011. The incentives, conferences and exhibitions in the local area or purposes of these organizations can be summarized as focusing on province, (3) enjoying local links as a connected travelling route local decentralization, establishing community areas for tourism by several modes of transport, (4) eat local food that is promoted development, giving priority to job creation, generate and as a highlight in a particular locale, (5) set community events to distribute income for the community by integrated management, stimulate economy, (6) promote local heroes as a promotion of use tourism as a development tool, developing various tourism local human resources, and (7) strengthen the locale by the activities in the community, a policy to develop tourism to integrated collaboration of government and private sector [5]. increase revenue, to develop and market CBT programs, share lessons learned and methodologies, establishing a CBT network, Definition of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) providing applied research and education at the intersection of ASEAN defined CBT and its principles as a tourism activity, tourism development, sustainability, and community [7–11]. community-operated and owned, as well as coordinated or managed at the level of community to contribute to the In 2019, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) made a community well-being through the sustainable livelihoods memorandum of understanding (MOU) with DASTA for two years supporting and valued socio-cultural traditions and natural and to integrate working for three dimensions of sustainable tourism cultural heritage resources protection [6]. The Designated Areas and local product promotion, involving (a) working to support for Sustainable Tourism Administration (DASTA) also defined the knowledge and potential development at community level; (b) meaning of CBT as a form of tourism that brings travellers into the working to assist community tourism marketing by selling the community to experience unique local attractions and activities projects of agent familiarization trips, consumer fair, and travel and it is not a mass tourism trend. CBT brings not only immediate fair; (c) working to push community tourism promotion by online benefit but also sustainable economic, social, cultural and and offline channels as well as to promote tourism villages in a environmental benefits for the future. The result would be long- project – Media Familiarization Trip. The MOU is under the term benefits for travellers as well as hosts. Good experiences will governmental agency – MOTS focusing on four missions, including ensure sustainable growth of the destination through a favourable (1) safe (to support more safety for visitors), (2) clean (promoting word-of-mouth reputation [7]. Thus, it can be assumed the cleanliness in tourist attractions), (3) fair (pushing fairness in definition of CBT as “a type of tourism based on the alternative tourism activities), and (4) sustainability (obtaining sustainable development approach to minimize negative impacts and tourism and environmental conservation). The four missions aim maximize community well-being that owns and operates at a to support the CBT for expansion of the revenue to communities community level by community participation with the purpose of of Thailand [12]. In the term of the CBT, there is no data of the ensuring environmental, social and economic sustainability.” visitor number and revenue in the entire CBT areas of Thailand but from directly exploring the data with each particular CBT The CBT in Thailand and Related Organizations operator such as Ban Rai Kong King Ban Chiang Community, Ban Thailand’s CBT was started by establishing Home Stay Standard Natonchan, and Bo Hin Farmstay during January 2019 (“Ban” Thailand under the Department of Tourism (DOT) and the means a village or community; “Bo Hin” means a pool with rocks), Ministry of Tourism and Sports (MOTS) since 2003. At the same the data are shown in table 1. time, the Special Area Development Administration for Table 1: The Number of Visitors and Revenue of 4 Villages of Thailand in 2016 – 2018 Number of Visitors Revenue Region Name of Village (Unit: Person) (Unit: THB) 2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018 North Ban Rai Kong King 1,000 2,000 2,800 60,000 800,000 1,200,000 Northeast Ban Chiang Community 270,000 290,00 300,000 100,00,000 120,000,000 132,000,000 Central Ban Natonchan 13,267 8,420 21,905 - 4,730,000 12,544,200 South Bo Hin Farmstay 4,200 4,200 4,200 2,730,000 2,730,000 2,730,000 Total 288,467 304,620 328,905 102,790,000 127,862,400 148,474,200 Source: CBT operators (personal communication). 1 USD = 30.4836 THB (Bank of Thailand, 14 Nov 2019) Table 1 presents the number of CBT visitors and revenue from 288,467, 304,620, and 328,905 from 2016 to 2018, respectively. 2016 to 2018. The trend of arrivals in CBT in four villages fast rose The revenue of CBT in the four villages slightly increased from 102 since 2016. The highest number of visitors is 300,000 in Ban million in 2016 to 148 million in 2018 which is a positive trend for Chiang, in 2018. In contrast, the least number of tourists is 1,000 the economy of villages and the country. The number of visitors in Ban Rai Kong King, in 2016. Thus, the total number of visitors is Journal of critical reviews 76 FACTORS ON DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM (CBT) IN PHITSANULOK PROVINCE OF THAILAND and revenue of CBT are positive, while the quality of CBT has gained global standard and network as shown in table 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A/HRC/WGAD/2015 Advance Unedited Version
    1 . /HRC/WGAD/2015 A Advance Unedited Version Distr.: General 15 January 2016 Original: English Human Rights Council Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its seventy-fourth session, 30 November – 4 December 2015 Opinion No. 43/2015 concerning Pornthip Munkong (Thailand) 1. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention was established in resolution 1991/42 of the Commission on Human Rights, which extended and clarified the Working Group’s mandate in its resolution 1997/50. The Human Rights Council assumed the mandate in its decision 1/102 and extended it for a three-year period in its resolution 15/18 of 30 September 2010. The mandate was extended for a further three years in resolution 24/7 of 26 September 2013. 2. In accordance with its methods of work (A/HRC/30/69), on 25 September 2015 the Working Group transmitted a communication to the Government of Thailand concerning Pornthip Munkong . The Government has replied to the communication on 5 October 2015. The State is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 3. The Working Group regards deprivation of liberty as arbitrary in the following cases: (a) When it is clearly impossible to invoke any legal basis justifying the deprivation of liberty (as when a person is kept in detention after the completion of his sentence or despite an amnesty law applicable to him) (category I); (b) When the deprivation of liberty results from the exercise of the rights or freedoms guaranteed by articles 7, 13, 14, 18,
    [Show full text]
  • An Updated Checklist of Aquatic Plants of Myanmar and Thailand
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Taxonomic paper An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand Yu Ito†, Anders S. Barfod‡ † University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ‡ Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Corresponding author: Yu Ito ([email protected]) Academic editor: Quentin Groom Received: 04 Nov 2013 | Accepted: 29 Dec 2013 | Published: 06 Jan 2014 Citation: Ito Y, Barfod A (2014) An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Abstract The flora of Tropical Asia is among the richest in the world, yet the actual diversity is estimated to be much higher than previously reported. Myanmar and Thailand are adjacent countries that together occupy more than the half the area of continental Tropical Asia. This geographic area is diverse ecologically, ranging from cool-temperate to tropical climates, and includes from coast, rainforests and high mountain elevations. An updated checklist of aquatic plants, which includes 78 species in 44 genera from 24 families, are presented based on floristic works. This number includes seven species, that have never been listed in the previous floras and checklists. The species (excluding non-indigenous taxa) were categorized by five geographic groups with the exception of to reflect the rich diversity of the countries' floras. Keywords Aquatic plants, flora, Myanmar, Thailand © Ito Y, Barfod A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Density Equation of Cassava-Stalk Briquettes Under Moderate Die-Pressure
    American Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (5): 698-701, 2010 ISSN 1546-9239 © 2010Science Publications Density Equation of Cassava-Stalk Briquettes Under Moderate Die-Pressure Patomsok Wilaipon Department Mechanical Engineering, Faculty Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand 65000 Abstract: Problem statement: Agricultural residues seem to be the most promising energy resources for developing countries. However, the majority of them have low energy density. One of the favorable technologies for enhancing that property is briquetting. For the case of Phitsanulok, a province in Northern Thailand, cassava is one of the most important crops. Therefore, a large amount of cassava stalk is left in the field after harvest. This study was aimed to investigate the quantity of cassava stalk in this province and to study cassava stalk briquette production. Approach: The potential energy from cassava stalk was calculated based on the productivity, residue-to-product ratio, residue returned to soil ratio and its heating value. Besides, the effects of moderate-range compression pressure, 70-110 bar, and the binder ratio, 10-20%, on briquette density were investigated. An empirical model was also developed and validated. Results: Base on the estimation, the quantity of usable cassava stalk in this area was approximately 18 kton year−1. The heating value of cassava stalk was found to be 16.39 MJ kg−1. Therefore, the total energy over 289 TJ year−1 can be obtained from this agricultural waste. According to the experiment, briquette density was in the range of 0.40-0.77 g cm−3. The coefficient of multiple determination for prediction of the proposed model was about 94.7%.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Snail Diversity in Mae Lao Agricultural Basin (Chiang Rai, Thailand) with a Focus on Larval Trematode Infections
    ISSN (Print) 0023-4001 ISSN (Online) 1738-0006 Korean J Parasitol Vol. 56, No. 3: 247-257, June 2018 ▣ ORIGINAL ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.247 Freshwater Snail Diversity in Mae Lao Agricultural Basin (Chiang Rai, Thailand) with a Focus on Larval Trematode Infections Kittichai Chantima*, Krittawit Suk-ueng, Mintra Kampan Energy and Environment Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct a freshwater snail survey in Mae Lao agricultural basin to assess the di- versity with a focus on habitat types and their larval trematode infections. Snails were collected and examined in 14 sites of Mae Lao agricultural basin from August 2016 to October 2017. A total of 1,688 snail individuals were collected and classified into 7 families, 8 genera, and 12 species. Snail diversity and habitat types were higher in rice paddies than irri- gation canals and streams. The most abundant species was Bithynia siamensis siamensis, representing 54.6% of the sample. Three species of snails act as first intermediate host were found with cercarial infections. They were Filopaludina sumatrensis polygramma, B. s. siamensis, and Melanoides tuberculata. The cercariae were categorized into 7 types; echi- nostome, monostome, gymnocephalous, virgulate, parapleurolophocercous, pleurolophocercous and megalurous cer- cariae. Parapleurolophocercous cercariae constituted the most common type of cercariae recovered, contributing 41.2% of all infections in snails. Echinostome metacercariae infections were found in 6 snail species with 7.6% prevalence. In addition, the metacercaria of avian trematode, Thapariella sp. were found in Filopaludina spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Sukhothai Phitsanulok Phetchabun Sukhothai Historical Park CONTENTS
    UttaraditSukhothai Phitsanulok Phetchabun Sukhothai Historical Park CONTENTS SUKHOTHAI 8 City Attractions 9 Special Events 21 Local Products 22 How to Get There 22 UTTARADIT 24 City Attractions 25 Out-Of-City Attractions 25 Special Events 29 Local Products 29 How to Get There 29 PHITSANULOK 30 City Attractions 31 Out-Of-City Attractions 33 Special Events 36 Local Products 36 How to Get There 36 PHETCHABUN 38 City Attractions 39 Out-Of-City Attractions 39 Special Events 41 Local Products 43 How to Get There 43 Sukhothai Sukhothai Uttaradit Phitsanulok Phetchabun Phra Achana, , Wat Si Chum SUKHOTHAI Sukhothai is located on the lower edge of the northern region, with the provincial capital situated some 450 kms. north of Bangkok and some 350 kms. south of Chiang Mai. The province covers an area of 6,596 sq. kms. and is above all noted as the centre of the legendary Kingdom of Sukhothai, with major historical remains at Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai. Its main natural attraction is Ramkhamhaeng National Park, which is also known as ‘Khao Luang’. The provincial capital, sometimes called New Sukhothai, is a small town lying on the Yom River whose main business is serving tourists who visit the Sangkhalok Museum nearby Sukhothai Historical Park. CITY ATTRACTIONS Ramkhamhaeng National Park (Khao Luang) Phra Mae Ya Shrine Covering the area of Amphoe Ban Dan Lan Situated in front of the City Hall, the Shrine Hoi, Amphoe Khiri Mat, and Amphoe Mueang houses the Phra Mae Ya figure, in ancient of Sukhothai Province, this park is a natural queen’s dress, said to have been made by King park with historical significance.
    [Show full text]
  • ชื่อจังหวัด อำเภอ ตำบล เขต และแขวง Changwat, Khet and Amphoe Directory
    ชื่อจังหวัด อ ำเภอ ต ำบล เขต และแขวง CHANGWAT, KHET AND AMPHOE DIRECTORY กรุงเทพมหำนคร เขตพระนคร Khet Phra Nakhon KRUNG THEP MAHA แขวงชนะสงครำม Khwaeng Chana Songkhram NAKHON (BANGKOK) แขวงตลำดยอด Khwaeng Talat Yot แขวงบวรนิเวศ Khwaeng Bowon Niwet แขวงบำงขุนพรหม Khwaeng Bang Khun Phrom แขวงบ้ำนพำนถม Khwaeng Ban Phan Thom แขวงพระบรมมหำรำชวัง Khwaeng Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang แขวงวังบูรพำภิรมย์ Khwaeng Wang Burapha Phirom แขวงวัดรำชบพิธ Khwaeng Wat Ratchabophit แขวงวัดสำมพระยำ Khwaeng Wat Sam Phraya แขวงศำลเจ้ำพ่อเสือ Khwaeng San Chao Pho Suea แขวงส ำรำญรำษฎร์ Khwaeng Samran Rat แขวงเสำชิงช้ำ Khwaeng Sao Chingcha กรุงเทพมหำนคร เขตคลองเตย Khet Khlong Toei KRUNG THEP MAHA แขวงคลองตัน Khwaeng Khlong Tan NAKHON (BANGKOK) แขวงคลองเตย Khwaeng Khlong Toei แขวงพระโขนง Khwaeng Phra Khanong กรุงเทพมหำนคร เขตคลองสำน Khet Khlong San แขวงคลองต้นไทร Khwaeng Khlong Ton Sai แขวงคลองสำน Khwaeng Khlong San แขวงบำงล ำพูล่ำง Khwaeng Bang Lamphu Lang แขวงสมเด็จเจ้ำพระยำ Khwaeng Somdet Chao Phraya กรุงเทพมหำนคร เขตคลองสำมวำ Khet Khlong Sam Wa แขวงทรำยกองดิน Khwaeng Sai Kong Din แขวงทรำยกองดินใต้ Khwaeng Sai Kong Din Tai แขวงบำงชัน Khwaeng Bang Chan แขวงสำมวำตะวันตก Khwaeng Sam Wa Tawan Tok แขวงสำมวำตะวันออก Khwaeng Sam Wa Tawan Ok กรุงเทพมหำนคร เขตคันนำยำว Khet Khan Na Yao ส ำนักงำนรำชบัณฑิตยสภำ ข้อมูล ณ วันที่ ๒๒ กุมภำพันธ์ ๒๕๖๐ ๒ แขวงคันนำยำว Khwaeng Khan Na Yao แขวงรำมอินทรำ Khwaeng Ram Inthra กรุงเทพมหำนคร เขตจตุจักร Khet Chatuchak แขวงจตุจักร Khwaeng Chatuchak แขวงจอมพล Khwaeng Chom Phon แขวงจันทรเกษม Khwaeng Chan Kasem แขวงลำดยำว Khwaeng Lat Yao แขวงเสนำนิคม
    [Show full text]
  • A New Forest-Dwelling Bent-Toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand
    Zootaxa 3811 (2): 251–261 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3811.2.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E778FA4E-D8E5-440A-8EAE-BCBA2CFBD24B A new forest-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand KIRATI KUNYA1, AUMPORN PANMONGKOL2, OLIVIER S. G. PAUWELS3, MONTRI SUMONTHA4, JIRAPORN MEEWASANA2, WORAPHOT BUNKHWAMDI5 & SIRIWAT DANGSRI6 1Nakhonratchasima Zoo, 111 M. 1, Ratchasima-Pak Tongchai Rd., Chaimongkol, Muang, Nakhonrajsima 30000, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] 2Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 52000, Thailand 3Département des Vertébrés Récents, Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] 4Ranong Marine Fisheries Station, 157 Saphanpla Rd., Paknam, Muang, Ranong 85000, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] 5Lanna Bird and Nature Conservation Club, 76/1 M. 14, Soi 5, Suthep Rd., Chiang Mai 52000, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] 6Ronphibun Hospital, Ronphibun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80130, Thailand Abstract We describe a new forest-dwelling Cyrtodactylus from Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Cyrtodac- tylus doisuthep sp. nov. is characterized by a maximal known SVL of 90.5 mm; 19 or 20 longitudinal rows of dorsal tu- bercles; a continuous series of 34 or 35 enlarged femoro-precloacal scales, including six or seven pitted scales on each femur (male and females) separated by a diastema from six pitted (females) or pore-bearing (male) precloacal scales; no precloacal groove or depression; transversely enlarged subcaudal scales; and six or seven irregular thin beige dorsal bands between limb insertions.
    [Show full text]
  • 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storm and Landslide
    No. 38/2011, Sunday, October 2, 2011, 12:00 AM 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storm and Landslide DATE: Sunday, October 2, 2011 TIME: 09.00 LOCATION: Meeting Room 2, Ministry of Interior CHAIRPERSON: Mr. Chatpong Chataraphuti, Deputy Director General of Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 1. CURRENT SITUATION 1.1 Current flooded provinces: there are 23 recent flooded provinces: Sukhothai, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chai Nat, Sing Buri, Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Lopburi, Sara Buri, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom, Pathumthani, Nonthaburi, Ubon Ratchathani, Khon Kaen, Chacheongsao, Nakhon Nayok, Prachinburi, Chaiyaphum, Srisaket and Surin. The total of 150 Districts, 1,077 Sub-Districts, 7,750 Villages, 559,895 families and/or 1,841,385 people are affected by the flood. The total fatalities are 206 deaths and 2 missing. (Missing: 1 in Mae Hong Son, 1 in Uttaradit and 1 in Chiang Mai) 1.2 Amount of Rainfall: The heaviest rainfall in the past 24 hours is in Nong Lad Sub-District, Waritchaphum District of Sakonnakhon Province at 164.0 mm. 1.3 Estimate Losses and Damages: 1.3.1 Agricultural Impact: Farming areas which would be affected are estimated at 7.52 million rai; 107,732 rai of fish/shrimp ponds and 8.5 million of livestock (source: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives). 1.3.2 Transportation Routes: Highway: 37 main highways in 10 provinces are flooded and cannot be passed. For more information, contact 1568 or DDPM Hotline 1784. Rural roads: 113 rural roads in 20 provinces are not passable. Additional inquiry, call 1146.
    [Show full text]
  • Indoor PM10 and Its Heavy Metal Composition at a Roadside Residential Environment, Phitsanulok, Thailand
    Atmósfera 29(4), 311-322 (2016) doi: 10.20937/ATM.2016.29.04.03 Indoor PM10 and its heavy metal composition at a roadside residential environment, Phitsanulok, Thailand THUNWADEE SRITHAWIRAT Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand Corresponding author: email: [email protected] MOHD TALIB LATIF School of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, and Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia FAZRUL RAZMAN SULAIMAN Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia Received: December 30, 2015; accepted: September 7, 2016 RESUMEN Se midieron concentraciones de PM10 tanto en interiores como exteriores en 10 edificios residenciales de Phitsanulok, Tailandia, durante las temporadas de seca y lluvias de 2014. Además, se analizaron siete metales traza en el PM10: Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu y Cr. Las concentraciones mensuales intra y extramuros de PM10 fueron –3 –3 de 41.5 a 105.3 µg m y de 95.2 a 145.1 µg m , respectivamente. Las concentraciones de PM10 fueron sig- nificativamente mayores durante la temporada seca, en comparación con la temporada húmeda. Las razones interior/exterior fueron menores a uno, lo cual indica que el material particulado se origina en ambientes exteriores. En general, las concentraciones medias de metales pesados en el PM10 variaron de 0.2 a 2.7 y de 0.5 –3 a 7.1 µg m para el ambiente interior y el exterior, respectivamente. En el PM10 de interiores se encontró una fuerte correlación positiva entre Zn y Cu, Zn y Ni, y Cu y Ni.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Corridors
    About the Assessment of Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Corridors The transformation of transport corridors into economic corridors has been at the center of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation Program since 1998. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) conducted this Assessment to guide future investments and provide benchmarks for improving the GMS economic corridors. This Assessment reviews the state of the GMS economic corridors, focusing on transport infrastructure, particularly road transport, cross-border transport and trade, and economic potential. This assessment consists of six country reports and an integrative report initially presented in June 2018 at the GMS Subregional Transport Forum. About the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program The GMS consists of Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, the People’s Republic of China (specifically Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), Thailand, and Viet Nam. In 1992, with assistance from the Asian Development Bank and building on their shared histories and cultures, the six countries of the GMS launched the GMS Program, a program of subregional economic cooperation. The program’s nine priority sectors are agriculture, energy, environment, human resource development, investment, telecommunications, tourism, transport infrastructure, and transport and trade facilitation. About the Asian Development Bank ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining
    [Show full text]
  • Shinnabhura Historic Boutique Hotel Phromphiram Thai Traditional
    Wanathara Resort MICE Capacity Fits 200 pax MICE Activities Organize meetings in a jungle-themed atmosphere Organize team building activities using the rope course Textile Museum, Naresuan University Organize a bike rally or walk rally on the route Rain Forest Resort MICE Capacity Tie dye handkerchiefs with around the resort MICE Capacity Organize a meeting in the Fits 100 pax turmeric Enjoy rafting in the Khek Fits 100 pax restaurant Make wax stamps River (June to October) MICE Activities MICE Activities Contact Learn about ancient textiles Contact Contact Kayak in the Khek River to 42 Moo 9, Kaeng Sopha and the garments of Her 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho Subdistrict, 6 Moo 9, Kaeng Sopha collect waste Subdistrict, Wang Thong Majesty Queen Sirikit the Muang District, Phitsanulok Subdistrict, Wang Thong Learn about organic farming District, Phitsanulok 65220 Queen Mother 65000 District, Phitsanulok 65220 methods from making fertilizers +668 4165 6453 Join the flag-making activity +66 5596 1207 +66 5529 3411-4 to waste management www.rainforestthailand.com BACK Learn how to decorate P.1 www.nuac.nu.ac.th P.1.2 www.wanathara.com Enjoy rafting in the KhekP.1.3 Rain Forest Resort ล่องแก่ง bags with flowers พิพิธภัณฑ์ผ้า มหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร วนธารา River (June to October) ล�าน�้าเข็ก พิษณุโลก Phromphiram Thai Traditional Medicine Hospital MICE Capacity Fits 50 pax MICE Activities Learn about Thai traditional medicine and Thai herbs Receive physical treatment with Thai traditional medicine Pattara Resort & Spa Shinnabhura Historic Join workshops to make
    [Show full text]
  • Bangkok-Chiang Mai HSR Project (672 Km)
    4-year Performance The Ministry of Transport (MOT) under my leadership has been striving to enhance the quality of life through improved transportation systems. The MOT is developing transport networks across the country to provide multimodal interconnection for safer and more convenient travel and boosting economic activities. In this pursuit, the MOT proposed the eight-year These infrastructure schemes aim to facilitate rapid Thailand’s Transport Infrastructure Development Strategy and convenient mobility, improve living conditions and boost (2015-2022) to define the framework for development of Thailand’s competitiveness. The projects will help to unlock transport networks in five aspects, namely intercity railway national economic potential and forge better connectivity in networks, public transit systems for addressing traffic the region. I have emphasized that all responsible agencies issues, highway networks for providing links between major must operate with great efficiency and transparency and that production bases and with neighboring countries, water the fiscal budget should be allocated fairly and regularly as transport systems, and aviation enhancement. planned. General Prayut Chan-o-cha Prime Minister 2 -year Performance of Ministry of Transport 4For Happiness of Thai People In line with the Prime Minister’s policies, the Ministry of Transport (MOT) has been implementing infrastructure development to make Thailand a leading member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This has included the development of land, rail, water and aviation systems at domestic and cross-border levels to facilitate safe, convenient and inclusive transport and logistical measures generally. This will help to enhance incomes, contentment and quality of life for the Thai people as well as empower national economic competitiveness and upgrade Thailand into a regional transport hub.
    [Show full text]