Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park

Common Name Version

A Photographic Guide

Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes

Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District

New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches

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1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes:

A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park

More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved.

In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-':

COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the plant blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.).

Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1

BRACKEN FERN (Pteridium aquilinum var. CALIFORNIA MAIDENHAIR (Adiantum jordanii) COFFEE FERN (Pellaea andromedifolia) Native GOLDENBACK FERN (Pentagramma triangularis pubescens) Native Perennial - Bracken Family - - Native Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Shaded Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Generally subsp. triangularis) Native Perennial - Brake Fern - Pastures, woodland, meadows, hillsides, partial hillsides, moist woodland - Leaves 8-28" long rocky or dry areas - Fronds 6-30" long, stem light Family - - - Gen shaded, sometimes rocky or to full sun - Leaf blades widely-triangular, gen with many rounded symmetrical segments, each brown. Leaf segments blunt, 0.24-0.6" long, wooded areas - Leaves triangular, 1.2-4" long, 0.5-5' long, gen 3x divided, hairy underneath. with < 4 irregular lobes. Cultivated. Sudden Oak 0.12-0.4" wide. undersides either granular green or powdery Death carrier. gold. Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2

WESTERN LADY FERN (Athyrium filix-femina COMMON HORSETAIL (Equisetum arvense) MOSQUITO FERN (Azolla filiculoides) Native POLYPODY FERN (Polypodium calirhiza) Native var. cyclosorum) Native Perennial - Cliff Fern Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - - - Perennial - Mosquito Fern Family - - - Common. Perennial - Polypody Family - - - On plants, rocky Family - - - Woodland, along streams, seepage Streambanks, wet meadows, springs, other wet, Ponds, slow streams - Floating aquatic fern, cliffs or outcrops, roadcuts, often granitic or area - Leaves gen 12-39" long, broadest near shaded places - Sterile stems 4-24" tall, 6-14 green to red. Stem gen 0.4-1.2" long. Leaves volcanic, rarely dunes - Leaf blades 4-8" long, middle, 1-2 divided, ultimate divisions rounded. sheath teeth. Fertile stems 4-13" tall, 6-10 sheath oval, gen ~0.06" long by 0.04" wide. NITROGEN often widest above base, deeply lobed. teeth. fixing.

COASTAL WOOD FERN (Dryopteris arguta) WESTERN SWORD FERN (Polystichum FLOWERING-QUILLWORT (Triglochin scilloides) BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - - - Locally munitum) Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - Native Annual - Arrow-grass Family - (Mar–Oct) - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - common. Open, wooded slopes, caves - Leaf - - Common. Wooded hillsides, shaded slopes, Vernal pools, streams, ponds, lake margins - Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) 12-24” long,5-12” wide, divided 1-2 times. rarely cliffs, outcrops - Fronds gen 20-48" long, Emergent aquatic. Leaves 2-8", 0.04-0.2" wide, marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves Segments generally with spine-tipped teeth. divided once. Segments usually separate, teeth round to elliptic x-section. Flower cluster 6-20 cm 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap point to tips, scaly rachis. long. between flower types. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3

SILVER HAIR GRASS (Aira caryophyllea) SLENDER WILD OAT (Avena barbata) WILD OAT (Avena fatua) Naturalized Annual - RATTLESNAKE GRASS (Briza maxima) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed sites - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Sandy soils, open or disturbed sites - Flower Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets Plants 1-5' tall. Spikelets 0.7-1.3" long. Low awn Shaded sites, roadsides, pastures, weedy on cluster > 0.6" wide, diffuse with long slender 0.8-1.2" long. Awns 0.8-1.8" long. Lemma tip 1-1.6" long. Lemma tip bristles < 0.04" long. coastal dunes - Stem 8-35" tall. Spikelets branches. Spikelets about 0.1" long with 2 bristles >= 0.1" long. Seeds EDIBLE whole or Seeds EDIBLE whole or ground for flour. 0.4-0.75" long, resemble rattlesnake rattles. extended awns. ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed.

LITTLE QUAKING GRASS (Briza minor) CALIFORNIA BROME (Bromus carinatus var. RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - carinatus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, Shaded or moist, open sites - Stem 3-20” tall. (Apr–Aug) - Coastal prairies, openings in disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. Spikelets 0.1-0.2” long, resemble tiny rattlesnake chaparral, plains, open oak and pine woodland long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > rattles. -Plant 20-40” tall. Flower cluster 6-16” long. Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn Spikelet 0.8-1.6” long. Lemma 0.5-0.8” long, INVASIVE weed. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed. hairy, awn 0.3-0.6” long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4

FOXTAIL CHESS (Bromus madritensis subsp. RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. CHEAT GRASS (Bromus tectorum) Naturalized SMOOTH PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia madritensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Annual - Grass Family - (May–Aug) - Open, selloana) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Jan) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plants (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant disturbed areas - Plant 2-16” tall. Flower cluster (Sep–Mar) - Disturbed sites - Plant 6-13' tall. Leaf 4-20" tall. Stem and sheathes smooth. Flower 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches 2-9” long, open, 1-14 spikelets per branch. blades 0.1-0.5" wide, sheathes smooth. Cultivar, cluster branches visible, lower spikelets erect, > obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. Spikelet 0.4-0.8”. Lemma 0.35-0.5”, awn 0.3-0.7”. rarely escaped. INVASIVE weed. stalk. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed.

BRISTLY DOGTAIL GRASS (Cynosurus CALIFORNIA OAT GRASS (Danthonia ANNUAL HAIR GRASS (Deschampsia SLENDER HAIR GRASS (Deschampsia echinatus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - californica) Native Perennial - Grass Family - danthonioides) Native Annual - Grass Family - elongata) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Tufted. Stem (Apr–Aug) - Gen moist meadows, open woodland (Mar–Aug) - Moist to drying, open sites, (May–Sep) - Wet sites, meadows, lakeshores, 4-28” long. Leaf blade 0.1-0.6” wide. Flower - Stem 12-52” tall. Flower cluster 0.8-2.4” long. meadows, streambanks, vernal pools, occ alkali shaded slopes - Densely clumped. Stem 4-28” cluster 0.4-1.6” long, 1-sided. Fertile and sterile Spikelets 3-6, 0.5-1” long, awn 0.16-0.5” long. soil - Stem 4.5-24” long. Lemmas 2, ~0.1”, awns long. Glumes =, 0.1-0.2”. Lemmas 2, ~0.1”, awns spikelets. INVASIVE weed. from below middle 0.1-0.4” & bent. from middle 0.04-0.2” & straight. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5

SALT GRASS (Distichlis spicata) Native MEDUSA HEAD (Elymus caput-medusae) WESTERN WILD-RYE (Elymus glaucus subsp. BIG SQUIRRELTAIL (Elymus multisetus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Sep) - Salt Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - glaucus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, marshes, coastal dunes, moist, alkaline areas - Disturbed areas - Stem 8-28” long. Leaf blade (Jun–Aug) - Open areas, chaparral, woodland, sandy to rocky areas - Tufted. Stem 6-24" tall. Stem 4-20” long. Leaves 0.8-4” long, flat, stiff. 0.04-0.12” wide, inrolled. Flower cluster tight, forest - Tufted. Stem 12-55" tall. Leaf 0.2-0.5" Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spikelet 0.4-0.6" long. Flower cluster 0.8-3” long, narrow. Spikelets dense. Glumes awn-like. Lower lemma's awn wide, flat. Spikelets0.3-0.6" long, 2-4 per node. Glume divisions needle-shaped, lemma awn 1-4" straw-colored to purple, 2-20/group, 0.24-0.8” 1.2-4” long. NOXIOUS weed. Lemma awn 0.4-1.2" long. long. long.

BEARDLESS WILD RYE (Elymus triticoides) BROME FESCUE (Festuca bromoides) IDAHO FESCUE (Festuca idahoensis) Native HAIRY FESCUE (Festuca microstachys) Native Native Perennial - Grass Family - ( Jun–Jul) - Dry Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (May–Jun) - Perennial - Grass Family - (Jul–Sep) - Dry, open Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed, to moist, often saline, meadows - Plant 18-50” Uncommon. Dry, disturbed places, coastal-sage or shady places - Stem 12-40" tall, gen densely open, gen sandy soils - Stem 6-29". Spikelet tall, from rhizomes. Flower cluster 2-8” long. scrub, chaparral - Stem < 20". Inflor 0.6-6" tall, clumped. Leaf sheath at least half open, smooth, 0.2-0.4" long, awn 0.1-0.5" long. Glumes & Spikelets generally 2/node. Lemmas 3-7, 0.2-0.5” dense, lower branches erect. Spikelet 0.2-0.4" persistent. Spikelet 0.3-0.7" long, florets 3-9, awn lemma smooth or hairy. long, awn to 0.12” long. long, awn 0.1-0.3" long. 0.04-0.24" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6

RYE GRASS (Festuca perennis) Naturalized RED FESCUE (Festuca rubra) Native Perennial - WESTERN MANNA GRASS (Glyceria CALIFORNIA BARLEY (Hordeum Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Sep) - Dry to Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Sand dunes, occidentalis) Native Perennial - Grass Family - brachyantherum subsp. californicum) Native moist disturbed sites, abandoned fields - Stem grassland, subalpine forest - Plant 12-32", hairy, (Jun–Aug) - Freshwater marshes, ponds and Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, 20-40" tall. Spikelet 0.2-0.9" long, > glume, clumped, w/closed sheath. Generally with steams - Stem 28-60” long, often forming floating pastures, streambanks - Stem 8-37" tall, gen awned or awnless. Sterile shoots at base. rhizomes. Spikelets 0.4-0.5", florets 3-10, awns < mats. Leaf blade 8-12” long, 0.16-0.5” wide. slender. Leaf sheaths gen densly hairy, blade <= INVASIVE weed. 0.16" long. Spikelet 0.6-0.8” long. 4.5" long. Lemma awn < 0.3" long.

FOXTAIL BARLEY (Hordeum jubatum subsp. MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY (Hordeum marinum HARE BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. WALL BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. jubatum) Native Annual-Perennial - Grass Family subsp. gussoneanum) Naturalized Annual - leporinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - murinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - - (May–Jul) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry to moist, (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites. Common (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites - Stem meadows, marshes - Stem 8-32", densely tufted. disturbed sites - Stem 4-20". Leaf blades to 32" - Stem 12-43" tall. Central spikelet stalk ~0.06" 1-2'. Leaf auricles notable. Central spikelet stalk Leaf blades to 6" long. Central lemma awn 1-3.5" long, auricles < 0.08". Central lemma awn long. Central floret << lateral florets. INVASIVE 0-0.02". Central floret gen = lateral florets. long. 0.25-0.7" long. INVASIVE weed. weed. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 7

JUNE GRASS (Koeleria macrantha) Native GOLDENTOP (Lamarckia aurea) Naturalized CALIFORNIA MELIC (Melica californica) Native TORREY'S MELIC (Melica torreyana) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Dry, open Annual - Grass Family - (Feb–May) - Open Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–May) - Open or Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, sites, clay to rocky soils, shrubland, woodland, ground, moist seeps, rocky hillsides, sandy soil - rocky hillsides, oak woodland, conifer forest - conifer forest - Stem 12-40" tall. Leaf blade conifer forest - Stem 8-32" long. Flower cluster Stem 2.8-16" long. Flower cluster golden-yellow Stem 16-55". Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spiklet 0.2-0.6" 0.04-0.1" wide. Spikelet 0.14-0.28" long w/1-2 condensed, shiny, branches short-hairy. Spikelet to purple, dense, 1-sided, 0.8-3.1" long. Fertile long, w/3-7 fertile florets; sterile tip widest above florets; sterile tip widest above middle to 0.06", ~0.2" long, no awns. flower awns ~0.25" long. middle, tip squared. short-hairy lemmas.

HARDING GRASS (Phalaris aquatica) ANNUAL BLUE GRASS (Poa annua) Naturalized BULBOUS BLUE GRASS (Poa bulbosa subsp. ONE-SIDED BLUE GRASS (Poa secunda subsp. Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Aug) Annual - Grass Family - (Feb–Sep) - Abundant. vivipara) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - secunda) Native Perennial - Grass Family - - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant 16-79" tall, Disturbed moist ground - Plant 1-8” tall. Leaf (Mar–Jul) - Disturbed places - Plant 6-24” tall, (Mar–Aug) - Common. Dry slopes to tufted. Flower cluster 0.6-6" long, unbranched. blade 0.04-0.12” wide, soft. Flower cluster 0.4-4” densely tufted. Leaf blades 0.04-0.08” wide. saline/alkaline meadows to alpine - Plant 6-40” Lower florets 1 or or unequal. Glume wing long, triangular. Lemmas 0.1-0.16” long. Flower cluster 1-4” long. Spikelets replaced wtih tall, densely tufted. Flower clusters congested. untoothed. INVASIVE weed. leafy bulblets. Spikelets gen 0.3-0.4” long. Lemmas 0.16-0.2” long, backs rounded. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 8

DITCH BEARD GRASS (Polypogon interruptus) RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon FOOTHILL NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa lepida) SMILO GRASS (Stipa miliacea var. miliacea) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Dry Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Sep) (May–Aug) - Common. Streambanks - Stem Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist places, along streams slopes, chaparral, grassland, savanna, coastal - Salt marshes, streambanks, chaparral, open 20-35" tall, clumped. Leaf 0.2-7.7" long, - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, 0.16-0.24" wide. scrub - Stem 14-39" tall. Leaf blade 4.7-9.1" long, woodland, disturbed - Stems green, large tufts, 0.12-0.24" wide. Flower cluster 0.6-7" long. Flower cluster 0.4-6.7" long, plume-like. Glume narrow. Glumes 0.2-0.6" long. Awn 0.8-2" long. sheaths lt. Inflor arching. INVASIVE weed. Glume < 0.1" long, awn < 0.12" long. awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE.

PURPLE NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa pulchra) Native BALTIC RUSH (Juncus balticus subsp. ater) TOAD RUSH (Juncus bufonius var. bufonius) SPREADING RUSH (Juncus patens) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Oak Native Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Nov) - Native Annual - Rush Family - (May–Sep) - Damp Perennial - Rush Family - (Jun–Oct) - Marshy woodland, chaparral, grassland - Stem 14-39" Moist to ± dry sites - Stem 14-43" tall, round, not sunny ground, gen disturbed - Stem gen 1-4" tall, places, creeks, seeps - Plant 12-41" tall, densely long. Leaf blade 4-8" long. Glumes 0.5-0.8" long, twisted. No leaf blade. Flowers generally 0.1-0.2" gen brached from base, ~0.04" wide. Flower tufted. Stems blue-gray-green & distinctly ~equal. Awn 1.6-4" long, last segment straight. long. cluster open. Flowers 0.16-0.3" long. grooved when fresh. Stamens 6. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 9

IRIS-LEAVED RUSH (Juncus xiphioides) Native TORRENT SEDGE (Carex nudata) Native TALL NUTSEDGE (Cyperus eragrostis) Native COMMON SPIKERUSH (Eleocharis Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Oct) - Wet places Perennial - Sedge Family - (Apr–Jul) - Rocky or Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Nov) - Vernal macrostachya) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - - Plant 16-32" tall. Leaf blades 0.2-0.5" wide, flat, sandy streambeds below high-water mark - Stem pools, streambanks - Leaves basal. Flower (Spring–summer) - Common. Fresh to brackish Iris-like. Heads many, few-flowered. Anthers 6, < 12-28” long, in large, raised, dense clumps. Side cluster bracts 4-8. Spikelets 0.2-0.8" long, wetland - Stem 8-39" tall, 0.06-0.1" wide. Spikelet filaments, flowers self-pollinating. spikelets 0.6-2.4” long. Fruit green, oblong, in heads to 1.6" wide. Seeds 0.2-1.6" long, 0.08-0.2" wide, style 2-branched. purple-sploched on upper 2/3. short-stalked.

GRAND HOUND'S TONGUE (Cynoglossum BABY BLUE-EYES (Nemophila menziesii var. CALIFORNIA PHACELIA (Phacelia californica) FIESTA FLOWER (Pholistoma auritum var. grande) Native Perennial - Borage Family - menziesii) Native Annual - Borage Family - Native Perennial - Borage Family - (Mar–Sep) - auritum) Native Annual - Borage Family - (Feb–May) - Chaparral, woodland - Stem 1-3'. (Feb–May) - Meadows, grassland, chaparral, Bluffs, open slopes, road cuts, chaparral, (Mar–Jun) - Ocean bluffs, talus slopes, woodland, Leaf stalk 3-6". Leaf blade 3-6" cm long, broadly woodland, slopes - Plant 4-12". Lower leaves woodland - Plant tufted, stiff-hairy. Leaves gen streambanks, canyons - Stem 8-47" tall. Leaf oval. Flowers bright blue w/inner white teeth. w/6-13 lobes. Flowers bright blue w/white center, pinnate w/big terminal leaflet. Flowers 0.16-0.28" lobes 7-13. Flowers 0.3-0.6" long, 0.4-1.2" wide, 0.2-1.6" wide. long, lavender. purple, with bractlets. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 10

BLUE DICKS (Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. FORK-TOOTHED OOKOW (Dichelostemma ITHURIEL'S SPEAR (Triteleia laxa) Native MEDITERRANEAN LINSEED (Bellardia trixago) capitatum) Native Perennial - Brodiaea Family - congestum) Native Perennial - Brodiaea Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open woodland, scrub, desert, (Apr–Jun) - Open woodland, grassland - Plant Common. Open forest, conifer or foothill (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed grassland. - Plant grassland - Plant 2-28" tall. Flowers blue-purple, 12-35" tall. Flowers blue-purple, narrowed above woodland, grassland on clay soil - Flower stem sticky-hairy. Stem 6-32" tall. Leaves not narrowed in the middle. Stamens 6. Early ovary. Stamens 3. Late spring bloomer. 4-28". Leaves 8-16", 0.16-1" wide. Flowers blue, lance-shaped, toothed. Flowers 0.8-1" long, spring bloomer. blue-purple or white, 0.7-1.9" long. 2-lipped: upper lip pink, lower lip white. INVASIVE.

COMMON OWL'S-CLOVER (Castilleja densiflora PURPLE OWL'S-CLOVER (Castilleja exserta DWARF OWL'S CLOVER (Triphysaria pusilla) GIANT TRILLIUM (Trillium chloropetalum) Native subsp. densiflora) Native Annual - Broom-rape subsp. exserta) Native Annual - Broom-rape Native Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Apr–Jun) - Perennial - Bunchflower Family - (Apr–May) - Family - (Mar–May) - Grassland - Plant 4-16" tall. Family - (Mar–May) - Open fields, grassland - Grassland - Plant 2-8" tall, yellow-brown or Edges of redwood forest, chaparral, gen moist Leaves 0.8-3.1" long, narrow-lobed. Flower Plant sticky, short-hairy. Flower cluster tipped purple, hairy. Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, 3-9-lobed. slopes, canyon banks in alluvial soils - Flowers cluster gen rose-purple. Flower upper lip straight. white, pale yellow or rose. Flower upper lip Flowers purple (yellow), 0.16-0.28" long, in leaf dark purple to white, sessile. Petals 2.6-4" long, hooked, fuzzy. axils. odor rose-like or spicy. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 11

COAST LARKSPUR (Delphinium decorum SPREADING LARKSPUR (Delphinium patens PURPLE SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnatifida) NARROW-LEAF MILKWEED (Asclepias subsp. decorum) Native Perennial - Buttercup subsp. patens) Native Perennial - Buttercup Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–May) - fascicularis) Native Perennial - Dogbane Family - Family - (Mar–May) - Open coastal grassland, Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, open woodland - Open grassland, gen on serpentine, or pine/oak (May–Oct) - Dry ground, valleys, foothills - Plant chaparral - Stems 3-14" tall. Leaves short-hairy Stem 4-35" long. Leaves glabrous, divided into woodland - Plant 5-24" tall. Leaves 1.6-7.5" long, gen hairless. Stem leaves narrow, 3-5 in whorls. under, with few-toothed lobes. Flowers few, dark few-toothed lobes. Flowers few, bright or dark 1-2x divided on a winged central axis. Flowers Flowers green-white to purple-tinged, ~0.25" blue-purple. blue-purple. dark purple. Fruits prickly. long.

GREATER PERIWINKLE (Vinca major) SMALL CLARKIA (Clarkia affinis) Native Annual - SANTA CLARA RED RIBBONS (Clarkia FOUR-SPOT (Clarkia purpurea subsp. Naturalized Perennial - Dogbane Family - Evening Primrose Family - (May–Jun) - Openings concinna subsp. automixa) Native Annual - quadrivulnera) Native Annual - Evening Primrose (Mar–Jun(Jan)) - Coastal bluffs, sheltered places, in woodland, chaparral - Stem < 32". Buds erect, Evening Primrose Family - (Apr–Jun) - Woodland Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. Open, grassy or esp along stream beds - Plant sprawling. Leaf ovary 8-grooved, sepals united on side. Petals - Stem < 16". Petals bright pink, 0.4-0.8" long, shrubby places - Buds erect. Petals < 0.6", blade ~ 2.8" long, oval. Flower purple-blue, 1.2-2" 0.2-0.6" long, pale pink to dark wine-red, often ~2x width, w/prominent lobes. Stigma = anthers. lavender to dark red. Ovary 8-grooved. Sepals wide at top. INVASIVE weed. purple-flecked. CNPS: WATCH LIST. 1's or 2's. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 12

RUBY CHALICE CLARKIA (Clarkia rubicunda) ELEGANT CLARKIA (Clarkia unguiculata) Native PANICLED / WEEDY WILLOWHERB (Epilobium COMMON WILLOWHERB (Epilobium ciliatum Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family - Annual - Evening Primrose Family - (Apr–Sep) - brachycarpum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose subsp. ciliatum) Native Perennial - Evening (May–Aug) - Openings in woodland, forest, Common. Woodland - Buds nodding. Axis erect. Family - (Jun–Sep) - Common. Dry open or Primrose Family - (Jun–Oct) - Common. chaparral near coast - Stem < 5' long. Buds erect. Petals 0.4-1" long, pink to dark-red, clawed. disturbed woodland, grassland, roadsides - Plant Disturbed places, moist meadows, streambanks, Petals 0.4-1.2", rose w/red base. Sepals united. Sepals united; sepals & ovary w/spreading hairs 8-79" tall, diffuse. Petals 2-15 mm long, white to roadsides - Plant 20-48" tall, smooth or Stigma > anthers. to 0.1". rose-purple. short-hairy. Petals 2-6 mm, white to pink.

NARROW-LEAF FLAX (Linum bienne) LONG-BEAKED FILAREE (Erodium botrys) REDSTEM FILAREE (Erodium cicutarium) GREENSTEM FILAREE (Erodium moschatum) Naturalized Perennial - Flax Family - (Mar–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Garden escape; grassland, woodland, disturbed (Mar–Jul) - Dry, open or disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites, grassland, (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem 4-24", places, esp coastal - Plant 2.4-24" tall. Petals 4-35" tall, coarse-hairy. Leaves lobed. Petals scrub - Stem 4-20". Leaves compound, leaflets short-hairy. Leaves compound, leaflets toothed. light blue, 0.24-0.4" long. Fruit 0.16-0.24" wide. pink, 0.3-0.5" long. Sepals w/reddish tip. Fruit dissected. Sepal tip bristly. Petal pink to purple. Sepal tip glabrous. Petals 0.4-0.6" long, pink. Garden escape. beak 2-4.7" long. Fruit beak 0.8-2". INVASIVE. Fruit beak 0.8-1.6" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 13

CUT-LEAVED GERANIUM (Geranium HAIRY DOVE'S FOOT GERANIUM (Geranium HERB ROBERT (Geranium robertianum) SOUTH AFRICAN ROMULEA (Romulea rosea dissectum) Naturalized Annual - Geranium molle) Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Geranium Family - var. australis) Naturalized Perennial - Iris Family - Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Aug) - Open to shaded sites, disturbed (Apr–Sep) - Open to shaded sites - Stem 4-20" (Mar–Apr) - Uncommon. Disturbed areas, dry, 3-28" tall, rough-hairy. Leaf blades deeply ground - Stem 4-17" tall. Petals red-purple, long. Leaflets in 3s, deeply lobed. Petals pink to sandy or often hard-packed soil - Plant gen < 4" divided. Petals violet-red, 0.1-0.25" long 0.1-0.4" long, notched. Sepals awnless. Fruit red-purple, 0.4-0.55" long. tall. Leaves 2-14" long. Flower pink w/yellow w/notched tips. Flower stalk sticky. INVASIVE. smooth, wrinkled. tube, 0.6-0.8" long.

WESTERN BLUE-EYED-GRASS (Sisyrinchium GRASS-POLY (Lythrum hyssopifolia) Naturalized FIELD MADDER (Sherardia arvensis) BULL MALLOW (Malva nicaeensis) Naturalized bellum) Native Perennial - Iris Family - Annual-Perennial - Loosestrife Family - (Apr–Oct) Naturalized Annual - Madder Family - (Mar–Jul) - Annual - Mallow Family - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed (Mar–May) - Common. Open, gen moist, grassy - Marshes, drying pond margins, disturbed Pastures, disturbed areas, grassland, dry places - Stem 0.7-2'. Leaf blade 1.2-4.7" wide, areas, woodland - Stem < 25" tall. Leaves ground - Stem 4-24". Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, ~ meadows, oak woodland - Stem 2.8-6.3" long. 5-7 shallow lobes. Bractlets iris-like. Petals 6, blue-purple with dark veins, elliptical. Petals pink, 0.1-0.2" long. 2 awl-like Leaves in whorls of 5-6, 0.2-0.5" long. Flowers egg-shaped,0.16-0.2" long. Petals pink to 0.4-0.7" long. appendages. INVASIVE weed. pink or lavender, the 4 lobes < tube. blue-violet, 0.2-0.5" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 14

COMMON CHECKERBLOOM (Sidalcea RED MAIDS (Calandrinia ciliata) Native Annual - CLASPING HENBIT (Lamium amplexicaule) PENNYROYAL (Mentha pulegium) Naturalized malviflora subsp. malviflora) Native Perennial - Miner's Lettuce Family - (Feb–May) - Common. Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Mint Family - Perennial - Mint Family - (Jul–Oct) - Moist places, Mallow Family - (Mar–Jul) - Coastal prairie, Sandy to loamy soil, grassy areas, cult fields - (Apr–Sep) - Disturbed sites, cult or abandoned fields - Stem 4-12" tall, short-hairy. Leaves 0.2-1" scrub, open forest - Plant 6-24" tall. Middle Petals 0.2-0.6" long, bright pink to red, fields - Stem 4-16" long. Leaf blades 0.4-1" long, long, upper stalkless. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, leaves not linear-lobed. Petals 0.4-1" long, pink to round-tipped. Fruit < 0.1" longer than bracts. upper stalkless. Flowers red-purple, gen 0.4-0.7" violet to lavender. Aromatic. INVASIVE weed. rose, gen white veined. long.

COYOTE-MINT (Monardella villosa subsp. THYMELEAF BEARDSTYLE (Pogogyne CHIA (Salvia columbariae) Native Annual - Mint COMMON RIGID HEDGE-NETTLE (Stachys villosa) Native Perennial - Mint Family - serpylloides) Native Annual - Mint Family - Family - (Mar–Jun) - Dry, disturbed sites, rigida var. quercetorum) Native Perennial - Mint (May–Aug) - Dry rocky slopes, oak woods, (Mar–Jun) - Grassy, brushy areas - Plant chaparral, coastal-sage scrub - Plant 4-20" tall. Family - (Mar–Oct) - Moist to ± dry places - Plant chaparral - Plant < 20" tall. Leaves ovate, inconspicuous. Stem 1-8" long, low-growing. Leaf 0.8-4" long, many 2x divided. Flower cluster gen < 39", hairy, sticky. Leaf 2-3.5" long, 0.4-0.9" mm long. Flower head 0.4-1.2" wide. Flowers 0.1-0.2" long, lavender, in dense head-like, 1-2 on bare stem. Flowers blue, tubes egg-shaped w/heart-shaped base. Flowers Flowers pink to purple. clusters. 6-8 mm long. 6-10/group, pink, 0.24-0.4" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 15

VINEGAR WEED (Trichostema lanceolatum) MONEY PLANT (Lunaria annua) Naturalized RADISH (Raphanus sativus) Naturalized Annual - BRISTLY JEWEL FLOWER (Streptanthus Native Annual - Mint Family - (Jun–Nov) - Dry, Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed Mustard Family - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, glandulosus subsp. glandulosus) Native Annual - open, gen disturbed habitats - Plant < 39" tall. areas - Stem 16-39" tall. Leaves heart-shaped. fields - Stem 16-51" long. Petals 0.6-1" long, Mustard Family - (Apr–Jul) - Serpentine, bare Leaf blades 0.8-2.8" long, leaf stalk, ~ stalkless. Petals 0.7-1" long, purple to lavender (white). white to purple. Fruit a fat cylinder w/constrictions slopes, chaparral & woodland openings - Flower Flowers purple-blue, tube 0.2-0.4" long, curving Fruits oblong-round, 1.2-2" long. Escaped between seeds. INVASIVE weed. lavender or purple-brown. up. Vinegar scent. cultivar.

STARFLOWER (Trientalis latifolia) Native JEWELED ONION (Allium serra) Native SPANISH CLOVER (Acmispon americanus var. SMALL-FLOWER LOTUS (Acmispon parviflorus) Perennial - Myrsine Family - (Apr–Jul) - Shaded Perennial - Onion or Garlic Family - (Apr–May) - americanus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–May) - places, esp woodland - Stem 2-12". Leaves Common. Grassy slopes - Flowers pink to rose, (May–Oct) - Coast, chaparral, waterways, Abundant. Coastal bluffs to oak/pine or fir 1-3.5" long, 0.4-2" wide, egg-shaped; stem crowded, 10-40. "Petals" about 0.2" long, ± erect, roadsides, disturbed areas - Plant 2-24", hairy. woodland, open or disturbed areas - Flowers leaves in 1 whorl near stem tip. Flower gen pink ± lance-shaped, papery and folded over fruit Flowers white to pink, solitary, bract lobes >> pinkish, solitary, 0.2" long, on stalk with bracts. to rose, 0.3-0.6" wide. when in fruit. flower tube. Not hairy. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 16

PACIFIC PEA (Lathyrus vestitus var. vestitus) MINIATURE LUPINE (Lupinus bicolor) Native CHICK LUPINE (Lupinus microcarpus var. SKY LUPINE (Lupinus nanus) Native Annual - Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb–Jul) - North: Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. microcarpus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or Conifer forest. South: chaparral & oak woodland - Open or disturbed areas - Plant 4-16", hairy. (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas, disturbed areas - Plant 4-24" tall, hairy. Flowers Stem wings to 0.02" wide. Leaves gen elliptic. Flower 0.16-0.4" long, banner longer than wide, occ seeded on roadbanks - Plant 4-32", hairy. blue to pink to white, 0.2-0.6" long; banner as Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, pale lavender to purple. upper keel ciliate near tip, pedicel < 0.12". Fruit Leaves smooth above. Flowers gen pink to wide as long. Flower stalk gen > 0.12" long. 0.12-0.24" wide. purple. Flower bracts shaggy.

ARROYO LUPINE (Lupinus succulentus) Native RANCHERIA CLOVER (Trifolium NARROW-LEAVED CLOVER (Trifolium BEARDED CLOVER (Trifolium barbigerum) Annual - Pea Family - (Feb–May) - Abundant. albopurpureum) Native Annual - Pea Family - angustifolium) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Wet Open or disturbed areas, often seeded on (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Dunes, grassland, wet (Late spring) - Disturbed areas - Hairy. Leaflets meadows, open, disturbed areas - Leaflets 0.6-1" roadbanks - Plant 8-40" tall, fleshy, sparsely meadows, slopes, disturbed areas, etc - No head 0.8-1.8" long, 3-8x width. Flower cluster 1-5 cm long. Head 0.2-1" wide, gen bristly. Flowers hairy. Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, whorled, gen bract. Flowers purple + white, 0.2-0.3", no stalk. long, cylindric. Flowers pale pink, 10-12 mm long, pink-purple, 0.2-0.4" long. blue-purple, petal claws short-hairy. Flower bracts hairy, teeth linear, = flowers. = bract length. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 17

DECEIVING CLOVER (Trifolium bifidum var. FOOTHILL CLOVER (Trifolium ciliolatum) Native TRUNCATE SACK CLOVER (Trifolium CLUSTERED CLOVER (Trifolium glomeratum) decipiens) Native Annual - Pea Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Locally depauperatum var. truncatum) Native Annual - Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–May) - (Apr–Jun) - Open, grassy areas, forest - Leaflet common. Grassland, chaparral, disturbed areas - Pea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Grassy flats, disturbed Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Leaflets 0.2-0.5" tip square/notched. Flower small, yellow to Flower head 0.3-0.8" wide w/vestigial bract. slopes, openings in woodland - Head bracts <= long. Head 0.28-0.4" wide. Flowers pink, pink-purple, soon reflex. Flower stalk top sparsely Flowers pink to purple, soon reflexed, bracts 0.1" long. Flowers pink-purple. Fruit ~0.1" long, 0.16-0.24" long. Bracts triangular-lobed, curl back hairy. w/short, flat bristles. inflated, stalked. in fruit.

PINPOINT CLOVER (Trifolium gracilentum) ROSE CLOVER (Trifolium hirtum) Naturalized SMALL-HEAD CLOVER (Trifolium TOMCAT CLOVER (Trifolium willdenovii) Native Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open, Annual - Pea Family - (Apr–May) - Disturbed microcephalum) Native Annual - Pea Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. disturbed places, occas serpentine - Leaflet tips areas, roadsides - Head with 1-2 bract-like leaves (Apr–Aug) - Streambanks, moist, disturbed areas, Disturbed, gen spring-moist, heavy soils, occas not deep-notched. Reflexed pink-purple flowers immed below. Flowers pink, 0.4-0.6" long, roadsides, serpentine, conifer forest - Hairy. serpentine - Head bract wheel-shaped, w/point. Flower bracts completely smooth. densely-bristly in fruit. INVASIVE weed. Head bract cup-like. Flowers pink to lavender, sharp-lobed. Leaf narrow. Flowers purple w/white calyx lobes smooth-edged, > flowers. tip, 0.3-0.6" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 18

NARROW-LEAVED VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. SPRING VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. sativa) SPARSELY HAIRY VETCH (Vicia villosa subsp. MANY-STEM CALIFORNIA GILIA (Gilia nigra) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - varia) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - achilleifolia subsp. multicaulis) Native Annual - (Mar–Jun) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, Roadsides, disturbed areas, grassland, open (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, roadside, disturbed areas Phlox Family - (Feb–Jun) - Open or shaded, gen grassland, open areas in oak and riparian areas in oak and riparian woodlands - Flowers - Stems w/few hairs. Flowers 10-20, blue-purple grassy places, sandy or rocky soil - Leaves woodlands - Flowers 1-2 at leaf bases, 1-2 at leaf bases, pink-purple to white, 0.7-1.2" to white, 0.4-0.55" long. Lower bract lobes linear-lobed. Flowers white to lavender, 0.2-0.4" pink-purple to white, 0.4-0.7" long. Leaflets long. Leaflets 0.16-0.4" wide. 0.04-0.1" long. long, not in heads. 0.2-0.3" wide.

BIRD'S-EYE GILIA (Gilia tricolor subsp. tricolor) PINKLOBE LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon SLENDER ANNUAL PHLOX (Microsteris gracilis) DOWNY NAVARRETIA (Navarretia pubescens) Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–May) - androsaceus) Native Annual - Phlox Family - Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Aug) - Dry to Native Annual - Phlox Family - (May–Jul) - Open, Open, grassland, hills, valleys - Stem 3-15" tall, (Apr–Jun) - Open or shaded areas in woodland, moist areas - Plant < 8" tall, glandualr-hairy. slopes, gravel, clay - Stem 5.5-13", tan to many branched. Flowers not in heads. Petals chaparral - Plant 2-18", hairy. Flowers pink, Leaves 0.4-1.2" long. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, red-brown. Bracts irregularly toothed. Calyx lobes 0.4-0.75" long, throat yellow w/purple spots bracted group, tube 0.4-1.3" long, lobes gen > tubes yellow, lobes bright pink to white. often toothed. Flowers 0.4-0.6" long, bright merged into ring. 0.3" long. blue-purple. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 19

SKUNKWEED (Navarretia squarrosa) Native RED SAND-SPURRY (Spergularia rubra) WIRY SNAPDRAGON (Antirrhinum CHINESE-HOUSES (Collinsia heterophylla var. Annual - Phlox Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Pink Family - vexillocalyculatum subsp. vexillocalyculatum) heterophylla) Native Annual - Plantain Family - Open, wet, gravelly flats, slopes - Plant 4-24" tall, (Spring–fall) - Forest, meadows, mud flats, Native Annual - Plantain Family - (Jun–Aug) - (Mar–Jun) - Shady places in chaparral, open sticky, with skunk-like odor. Flowers 0.35-0.47" disturbed - Plant 1.6-10". Leaf non-fleshy, whorls Disturbed areas - Stem 3-67" long, often clinging mixed woodland, oak woodland - Plant 4-20" tall. long, dark blue; petal lobes 0.08" long. w/large white bracts. Petals pink. Stamens 6-10. to other plants. Flowers lavender, 0.4-0.7" long. Flowers 0.6-0.8" long, upper lip whitish. Sepals < 0.16".

BLUE-EYED MARY (Collinsia parviflora) Native FEW-FLOWERED COLLINSIA (Collinsia PERSIAN SPEEDWELL (Veronica persica) PADRE SHOOTING STAR (Dodecatheon Annual - Plantain Family - (Mar–Jul) - Common. sparsiflora var. collina) Native Annual - Plantain Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Feb–May) clevelandii subsp. patulum) Native Perennial - Moist, ± shady places, montane - Plant 1-16" tall. Family - (Mar–Apr) - Disturbed grassy fields, - Wet, disturbed areas, fields - Stem 2-24" long, Primrose Family - (Mar–May) - Moist places, Flowers 0.16-0.3" long; tube, throat and upper lip roadbanks, open chaparral, open oak and dry crawling. Flowers on 0.6-1.2" long stalks. Flowers often on serpentine or in ± alkaline sites - Leaf white; lobes gen blue; hidden in upper leaves. mixed woodland - Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, purple, blue, purple-lined with a white center. blade length >2x width. Flowers often white. pouch hidden by calyx. Filiment tube w/light spots below anthers. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 20

MOSQUITOBILLS SHOOTING STAR CALIFORNIA ACAENA (Acaena pinnatifida var. ITALIAN THISTLE (Carduus pycnocephalus PURPLE STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea calcitrapa) (Dodecatheon hendersonii) Native Perennial - californica) Native Perennial - Rose Family - subsp. pycnocephalus) Naturalized Annual - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - Primrose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Gen in shady sites (Mar–May) - Coastal grassland, open, rocky Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jul) - Roadsides, (Apr–Nov) - Pastures, disturbed places - Plant - Leaf blade length generally <2x width. Flower slopes - Stem 4-24" long. Flowers with no petals pastures, disturbed areas - Stems 8-79", narrow 8-40"+. Basal leaves 1-2x divided into narrow parts 4s or 5s. Filament tube solid black. and purple-black stamens. Leaves finely divided. spiny-wings. Lower leaves 4-10 lobed, heads 2-5, lobes. Flowers purple with spiny bracts. flower bracts woolly. NOXIOUS. NOXIOUS weed.

CHICORY (Cichorium intybus) Naturalized BULL THISTLE (Cirsium vulgare) Naturalized ARTICHOKE THISTLE (Cynara cardunculus WEEDY CUDWEED (Pseudognaphalium Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Oct) - Biennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - subsp. flavescens) Naturalized Perennial - luteoalbum) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Common. Roadsides, disturbed places - Plants Common. Disturbed areas - Plant 12-79" tall. Top Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed places - Family - (Apr–Aug) - Disturbed sites, fields, 16-78" tall. Stems leafless. Leaves of leaves bristly; leaf base forming decurrent Plant 1.6-8' tall. Artichoke head 1.6-6" diam, streambeds - Heads 0.12-0.16" long, yellowish, dandelion-like. Flowers pale blue, 0.8-1.6" wide. wings on stem. Flowers purple, gen 1-2" wide. spine-tipped. Flowers blue or purple, 1.2-2" long. female flowers < 0.08" long, pappus bristles Roots roasted as coffee substitute. NOXIOUS weed. NOXIOUS weed. connected. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 21

MILK THISTLE (Silybum marianum) Naturalized TWIGGY WREATH PLANT (Stephanomeria COMMON CALIFORNIA WILD ASTER PURPLE SALSIFY (Tragopogon porrifolius) Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - virgata subsp. pleurocarpa) Native Annual - (Symphyotrichum chilense) Native Perennial - Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas - Stem Sunflower Family - (Jun–Nov) - Chaparral Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct) - Grassland, salt - (Mar–Nov) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant 1-10', stout. Leaves spiny, shiny green w/white openings, grassland - Plant 20-79". Stem leaves marshes, disturbed places - Plant 16-39", partly 16-39" tall, milky sap. Leaves 0.8-1.6" long, very veins and spots. Flowers red-purple. INVASIVE oblong, bract-like. Flower bracts not spreading. hairy. Leaf 1.6-6", 0.2-1.2" wide. Rays violet, narrow, waxy blue. Flowers purple. weed. Flowers 5-6, white to dark pink. 0.3-0.5" long.

ROBUST VERVAIN (Verbena lasiostachys var. GREEN DOCK (Rumex conglomeratus) CURLY DOCK (Rumex crispus) Naturalized FIDDLE DOCK (Rumex pulcher) Naturalized scabrida) Native Perennial - Vervain Family - Naturalized Perennial - Buckwheat Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (All year) - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (May–Sep) - (May–Sep) - Open, dry to wet places - Plant (May–Aug) - Common. Moist places - Stem Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem 16-39" tall. Disturbed places, meadows, moist or dry habitats 14-32" tall. Leaves green, narrow, 3-lobed, 12-32" tall, unbranched below. Flower cluster Flower cluster dense, valves 0.2-0.24", winged - Stem 8-24" long, branches widely spreading. stiff-haired above. Flowers blue to purple on long open. Fruit valves ~0.1" long, scarcely winged around tubercles, smooth edged. 1 tubercle Leaf blades 1.6-4" long, 1.2-2" wide. Valves stalk. around the 3 tubercles, smooth edged. enlarged. INVASIVE. w/2-5 teeth. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 22

WOOLLY FRUITED DESERTPARSLEY RUSSIAN THISTLE (Salsola tragus) Naturalized CHECKER LILY (Fritillaria affinis) Native PHLOX-LEAF SERPENTINE BEDSTRAW (Lomatium dasycarpum subsp. dasycarpum) Annual-Perennial - Goosefoot Family - (Jul–Oct) - Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common. (Galium andrewsii subsp. gatense) Native Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant < 5' tall. Stem Oak or pine scrub, grassland - Stem 4-47" tall. Perennial - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry, Rocky (gen serpentine), chaparral, woodland - gen red-striped, widely branched. Leaves Leaves 1.6-6.3" long, whorled below. Petals rocky places in serpentine soil, chaparral or open Plant 4-20", short-hairy. Flowers greenish-white, succulent, 0.3-2" long, upper spine-tipped. mottled brown-purple and yellow-green, 0.4-1.6" oak/pine woodland - Plant open. Stem 2-9". Leaf petals and fruit hairy. NOXIOUS. long. gen flat, > internode. Phlox-like.

HOARY NETTLE (Urtica dioica subsp. DWARF NETTLE (Urtica urens) Naturalized LADY'S MANTLE (Aphanes occidentalis) Native TURKEY-MULLEIN (Croton setigerus) Native holosericea) Native Perennial - Nettle Family - Annual - Nettle Family - (Jan–Jun) - Disturbed Annual - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Seasonally Annual - Spurge Family - (May–Oct) - Dry, open, (Jun–Sep) - Meadows, seeps, springs, margins of areas, stream banks, shaded areas in grassland, moist grassland, chaparral, woodland - Plant often disturbed areas - Plant < 8" tall, moundlike, marshes, streams, lakes, moist areas in oak woodland, chaparral, coastal-sage scrub, inconspicuous, soft hairy, < 4" tall. Leaves covered w/long stiff hairs. Leaf blade 0.4-2" long, chaparral, coastal scrub - Plant 3.3-9.8' tall, riparian woodland - Leaf teeth sharp. Petals 2 0.1-0.5" long, deeply lobed. Flowers oval. TOXIC to livestock. grayish, covered with stinging hairs. large, 2 small, free to base. yellow-green, < 0.1" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 23

PETTY SPURGE (Euphorbia peplus) Naturalized WART SPURGE (Euphorbia spathulata) Native PYGMY WEED (Crassula connata) Native MUGWORT (Artemisia douglasiana) Native Annual - Spurge Family - (Feb–Aug) - Common. Annual - Spurge Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open, gen Annual - Stonecrop Family - (Feb–May) - Open Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - Disturbed areas - Stem 4-18" cm tall, smooth. disturbed places - Stem 6-17" tall, smooth. areas - Plants 0.8-2.4"+ tall, red in age. Flowers < Common. Open to shady areas, often in Leaves 0.4-1.4" long, entire. Gland Leaves spoon-shaped, 0.4-1.2" long, finely 0.1" long, 2 per node; Sepals 4, pointed end. drainages - Plant 20-60" tall. Leaves gen 0.4-4" crescent-shaped. Seeds dotted. Fruit 2-keeled on toothed. Gland oblong. Petals generally < sepals. long, densely hairy below, some 3-5 lobed. angles. Flower bracts hairy.

DAGGERLEAF COTTONROSE (Logfia gallica) SLENDER WOOLLY-MARBLES (Psilocarphus SPINY COCKLEBUR (Xanthium spinosum) COCKLEBUR (Xanthium strumarium) Native Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - tenellus) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - (Mar–Jul) - Bare or grassy openings, burns - (Mar–Jul) - Common. Dry, seasonally moist Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in Plant 1-20" tall, gen cobwebby. Leaves slopes, flats, burns, trails, rarely vernal pools - grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-24". grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-32" awl-shaped, stiff, > flower heads. Flowers brown Plant hairy. Leaves spoon-shaped. Disk flowers Stem node spines 0.6-1.2" long, golden, gen tall. Stem spineless. Bur 0.4-1.2"+ long. to yellow. 4-lobed. 3-lobed. Bur 0.4-0.5" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 24

COMMON FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia intermedia) COMMON INDIAN PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja WOOLLY PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja foliolosa) SHEEP SORREL (Rumex acetosella) Naturalized Native Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–Jun) - affinis subsp. affinis) Native Perennial - Native Perennial - Broom-rape Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Apr–Jul) - ± Abundant. Open, generally disturbed places - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, (Mar–Jun) - Dry, open, rocky slopes, edges of Disturbed, often acidic places - Stem < 16". Leaf Plant 0.5-3' tall. Flowers orange with 5 red spots, coastal scrub - Plants 6-24" tall, gen bristly, chaparral - Plant 1-2' tall, base slightly woody, gen basal, blade 0.8-2.4" long, lower 0.3-0.4" long, 0.2-0.4" wide, tube straight. non-sticky. Leaves 1-3", lance-shaped, 0-5 lobes. much branched, woolly. Flower cluster arrowhead-shaped w/2 lobes. Flowers yellowish, Flower cluster open, red to orange-red. orange-red (occas. yellow-green). turn reddish. INVASIVE.

CRIMSON COLUMBINE (Aquilegia formosa) RED OR ORANGE LARKSPUR (Delphinium CALIFORNIA FUCHSIA (Epilobium canum SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Apr–Sep) - nudicaule) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - subsp. canum) Native Perennial - Evening Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar–May) Streambanks, seeps, moist places, chaparral, (Mar–Jun) - Moist talus, wooded, rocky slopes - Primrose Family - (Jun–Dec) - Dry slopes, ridges - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - oak woodland, mixed-evergreen or conifer forests Stem gen 6-20" tall, usually hairless. Flowers - Plant hairy, gen sticky with a woody base. Leaf Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, salmon or - Flowers about 2" long, yellow with red sepals & scarlet to orange-red. Hummingbird pollinated. 0.3-2.8" long, gray to green. Flowers red-orange, occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause spurs. floral tube 0.8-1.2" long. dermititis. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 25

CRIMSON CLOVER (Trifolium incarnatum) CALIFORNIA POPPY (Eschscholzia californica) WIND POPPY (Papaver heterophyllum) Native CALIFORNIA FIGWORT (Scrophularia Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (May–Aug) - Native Perennial - Poppy Family - (Feb–Sep) - Annual - Poppy Family - (Apr–May) - Grassy californica) Native Perennial - Snapdragon Family Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Hairy. Leaflets Grassy, open areas - Plant 2-24" tall. Flower areas, openings in chaparral - Plant 1-2', yellow - (Mar–Jul) - Common; damp places, chaparral, 0.6-0.8" long, wedge-shaped. Flower cluster w/spreading rim <= 0.2". Petals 0.8-2.4" long, sap. Petals orange-red, 0.4-0.8" long. Stigma roadsides - Stem 2.6-4' tall, square x-section. 0.8-2.4" long, cylindrical. Flowers crimson or early spring = large and orange, fall = smaller and spherical on slender style. Leaves opposite, to 7" long, triangular, toothed. white, 0.4-0.6" long. yellow. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, upper lips red to maroon, lower paler or yellowish.

VENUS THISTLE (Cirsium occidentale var. VARIABLE-LEAF NEMOPHILA (Nemophila SMALL-FLOWER NEMOPHILA (Nemophila COMMON PHACELIA (Phacelia distans) Native venustum) Native Biennial - Sunflower Family - heterophylla) Native Annual - Borage Family - parviflora var. parviflora) Native Annual - Borage Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–May) - Common. (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, (Feb–Jun) - Common. Forest, chaparral, Family - (Mar–Jul) - Woodland, forest, roadsides, Clay to rocky soils, slopes - Plant 6-32" tall. woodland - Plant 1.6-9.8' tall. Head bract cluster roadsides, streambanks - Flower 0.1-0.4" long, slopes - Upper leaves 0.4-1.6" long, gen w/5 Leaves divided. Flowers 0.24-0.35" long, dirty 0.6-2" tall, 0.6-3" diam. Flowers gen bright unspotted, bract appendages < 0.04" long in fruit. deep lobes. Flowers white or blue, 0.08-0.16" white. Seeds 2-4. red-pink to red, 0.9-1.4" long. long; style < 0.1". Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 26

ROCK PHACELIA (Phacelia imbricata subsp. BRISTLY PHACELIA (Phacelia nemoralis subsp. RUSTY POPCORNFLOWER (Plagiobothrys FOOL'S ONION (Triteleia hyacinthina) Native imbricata) Native Perennial - Borage Family - nemoralis) Native Biennial-Perennial - Borage nothofulvus) Native Annual - Borage Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Mar–Jul) - (Apr–Jul) - Slopes, roadsides, flats, canyons, Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist slopes, streambanks, (Mar–May) - Common; open woodland, grassland Grassland, vernally wet meadows, occ drier chaparral, woodland - Plant 8-47", tufted. Leaf mixed-evergreen forest - Short-lived. Upper - Plant 8-28" tall, red-purple sap. Flower slopes - Flowering stem 1-2' tall. Leaves 4-16", segments 7-15. Flowers 0.2-0.3", white. Flower leaves egg-shaped, lower divided. Flowers 0.16-0.35" wide, white. Seed often only 1, 0.16-0.9" wide. Flower stalks 0.2-0.6" long. bracts often sticky. green-white, 0.16-0.2". horizontal. Flowers white, 0.35-0.6" long.

VALLEY TASSELS (Castilleja attenuata) Native EAR-SHAPED WILD BUCKWHEAT (Eriogonum KNOTWEED (Polygonum aviculare subsp. COMMON STAR LILY (Toxicoscordion fremontii) Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–May) - nudum var. auriculatum) Native Perennial - depressum) Naturalized Annual - Buckwheat Native Perennial - Bunchflower Family - Grassland - Plant 4-20" tall, hairy, non-sticky. Buckwheat Family - (May–Oct) - Common. Sand Family - (May–Nov) - Disturbed places - Stem (Feb–Jun) - Grassy or wooded slopes, outcrops - Leaves 0.8-3.1" long, narrow, 0-3 lobes. Flower or gravel - Plant 5-15 dm. Leaves on stem, 4-20", mat-forming. Flowers 2-8/leaf axil, ~0.1" Stem 16-35" tall. Flower cluster branched or cluster 1-12" long, narrow, tips white or pale curled. Inflor smooth. Flowers white to pink, long, fused 1/2 length, w/white or pink margins. unbranched. Petals 6, white to yellowish, 0.2-0.6" yellow. smooth. long, > stamens. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 27

STARRY FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL THREAD-LEAF WATER BUTTERCUP BUR-CHERVIL (Anthriscus caucalis) Naturalized POISON HEMLOCK (Conium maculatum) (Maianthemum stellatum) Native Perennial - (Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus) Native Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Generally Naturalized Biennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Butcher's Broom Family - (Apr–Jun) - Moist Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Mar–Sep) - shady places - Plant 18-40" tall. Flowers white; Common. Moist, esp disturbed places - Plants woodland, streambanks, open slopes - Stem Ponds, lakes, streams - Leaf w/slender stem, leaf flower stalk >= fruit length. Fruits 0.1-0.2" long 2-10' tall. Stems purple-spotted. Leaves fern-like, 12-28" long. Leaf 2-7" long. Flowers 5-15/cluster. segments thread-like. Petals 0.16-0.28" long, with curved "velcro" bristles. Leaves fern-like, gen 2x divided. Flowers white. TOXIC. INVASIVE Petals white, 0.16-0.28" long. white. triangular outline. weed.

RATTLESNAKE WEED (Daucus pusillus) Native COW PARSNIP (Heracleum maximum) Native SWEET-CICELY (Osmorhiza berteroi) Native VENUS' NEEDLE (Scandix pecten-veneris) Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Rocky or Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Conifer Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - sandy places - Plant 1-35" tall, usually < 20". places, wooded or open - Plants 1-3 m tall, forest, woodland, disturbed areas - Plant 12-47". Grassy slopes, roadsides - Plant 6-20" tall. Leaf Flower clusters with < 13 flowers, all white. woolly-hairy. Leaflets 3, maple-lobed, 4-16" wide. Leaflets in 3s, serrate to irreg lobed. Flower segments finely divided, linear. Flowers white, Young roots edible. Sap TOXIC to some people, Petals white, outermost longest. Juice causes white. Fruit 0.5-1", upward pointing barbs, outer petals larger. Fruit 0.2-1" long with a beak causing dermititis. dermatitis. splitting apart below. 0.8-2.8" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 28

TALL SOCK-DESTROYER (Torilis arvensis) SHORT SOCK-DESTROYER (Torilis nodosa) WAVYLEAF SOAP PLANT (Chlorogalum DENSE-FLOWER WILLOWHERB (Epilobium Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - pomeridianum var. pomeridianum) Native densiflorum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Disturbed places - Plant erect, 12-40". Flower Disturbed places - Plant spreading, 4-20" tall. Perennial - Century Plant Family - (May–Aug) - Family - (May–Oct) - Streambanks, outwashes, clusters open, > leaf. Fruits 0.1-0.2" long, Flowers white to red, clusters dense, < leaf. Fruit Common. Open grassland, chaparral, woodland - seasonal moist flats - Plant 2-60" tall, soft-hairy. covered with uncurved bristles. Flowers white or ~ 0.1" long, uncurved bristles on outer surface, Plant 1-8' tall, flowers at night. Bulb juices lather Petals 0.1-0.4", rose-purple to white. Fruit not pinkish. INVASIVE weed. bumps inside. in water. tapered.

CALIFORNIA MAN-ROOT (Marah fabacea) COAST MAN-ROOT (Marah oregana) Native WHITE GLOBE LILY (Calochortus albus) Native WHITE BUTTERFLY MARIPOSA LILY Native Perennial - Gourd Family - (Feb–Apr) - Perennial - Gourd Family - (Mar–May) - Shrubby Perennial - Lily Family - (Apr–Jun) - Common. (Calochortus venustus) Native Perennial - Lily Streamsides, washes, shrubby open areas - Vine or open areas, forest edges - Vine 3-20' long. Shady to open woodland, scrub - Stem 2-8 dm. Family - (May–Jul) - Sandy (often granitic) soil in 6-20' long. Leaves moderately lobed. Flowers Leaves deeply lobed. Flowers white, deep Leaves grasslike. Flowers 2-many, hanging, grassland, woodland, yellow-pine forest - Flowers cream or white, < 0.3" wide. Fruit spiny all over. cup-shaped, > 0.3" wide. Fruit smooth at end. closed at tip. Sepals 10-15 mm. Petals white to white w/square yellow nectary; 2 red patches pink, 20-25 mm long. above. Petals 1.2-2" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 29

HOOKER FAIRY BELLS (Prosartes hookeri) GOOSE GRASS (Galium aparine) Native Annual CHEESEWEED (Malva parviflora) Naturalized COMMON MINER'S LETTUCE (Claytonia Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, ± shady Annual - Mallow Family - (Mar–May) - Common. perfoliata subsp. perfoliata) Native Annual - Montane conifer, mixed-evergreen forest, places - Stem 12-35" long, weak, brittle. Leaves Disturbed places - Stem 8-32" long, gen erect, Miner's Lettuce Family - (Jan–May) - Vernally exposed roadside - Stem 12-32" tall. Leaf 1.2-6" 0.5-1.6" long, in whorls of 6-8. Flowers white, widely branched. Flower bractlets linear. Petals moist, often shady or disturbed sites - Basal leaf long. Flower 0.3-0.6" long, white, hanging below 4-lobed. Fruits covered w/short, hooked hairs. 0.1-0.2" long, pink to gen white. Fruit with flange length <3x width. Stem leaf gen not angled. the leaves, stamens > petals. from flower bracts. Seeds shiny w/large appendage.

YERBA BUENA (Clinopodium douglasii) Native COMMON HOREHOUND (Marrubium vulgare) SHORTSTEM MORNING-GLORY (Calystegia BINDWEED (Convolvulus arvensis) Naturalized Perennial - Mint Family - (Apr–Sep) - Shady Naturalized Perennial - Mint Family - (Mar–Nov) - subacaulis subsp. subacaulis) Native Perennial - Perennial - Morning-glory Family - (Mar–Oct) - places, chaparral, woodland - Stem trailing, gen Disturbed sites, gen overgrazed pastures - Stem Morning-glory Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry, open Roadsides, open areas in many pl communities - woody, forming mats. Leaves 0.4-1.4" long, oval. 4-24" long. Leaf blades 0.6-2.2" long. Flower scrub or woodland - Stem gen ~0.8" long. Trailing. Leaf 0.8-1.2" long, w/round tip, pointed Petals white to lavender, 3-8 mm long. Aromatic. bract w/10 hook-tipped teeth. Flowers white, Flowers 1.3-2.4" long, white or cream. Bractlets lobes. Flowers white to pink, 0.8-1" long. ~0.2" long. INVASIVE. concealing flower bracts. NOXIOUS. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 30

DWARF SANDWEED (Athysanus pusillus) SHEPHERD'S PURSE (Capsella bursa-pastoris) MILK MAIDS (Cardamine californica) Native WESTERN BITTER-CRESS (Cardamine Native Annual - Mustard Family - (Feb–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Jan–Oct) Perennial - Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Gen oligosperma) Native Annual - Mustard Family - Grassy, open slopes, rocky outcrops, chaparral, - Disturbed areas - Stem 4-20" long. Basal leaves shaded sites, canyons, woodland. One of first (Mar–Jul) - Wet meadows, shady banks, damp flats, floodplains, cliffs, ledges - Stem 2-12" long, 1.2-2.4" long, dandelion-like. Petals white, spring flowers - Stem 10-24" long. Leaves lobed areas - Plants < 16". Leaves divided into 5-9 spindly. Flower cluster 1-sided. Petals white, 0.08-0.16" long. Fruits 0.16-0.35" long, flat, to compound w/sharp teeth. Petals white or pale leaflets. Flowers white, 0.1-0.2" long. Fruit < 0.1" ~0.1" long. Fruits round, hairy. heart-shaped. rose, 0.3-0.5" long. wide.

LESSER SWINE CRESS (Lepidium didymum) THREADLEAF PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium PROSTRATE PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium WATER CRESS (Nasturtium officinale) Native Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Mar–Jul) - nitidum) Native Annual - Mustard Family - strictum) Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - Perennial - Mustard Family - (Mar–Nov) - Common. Disturbed areas, fields, pastures - (Feb–Mar) - Alkaline soils, pastures, dry vernal (Apr–Jun) - Uncommon. Disturbed areas, Streams, springs, marshes, lake margins, Stem 4-18" tall. Petals white, ~0.02" long. Fruit pools, fields, beaches - Fruit stalk flat. Fruit woodland, slopes - Stem 2.8-6.7", gen crawling. swamps - Stem 4-43" long. Leaflets 3-9, 0.3-1" wrinkled, style < notch. smooth, 0.14-0.24" long, cupped, winged. Leaves pinnately lobed. Flower cluster crowded, wide. Petals white, 0.12-0.18" long. EDIBLE stallk < fruit, sepals stay. leaves. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 31

HAIRY FRINGEPOD (Thysanocarpus curvipes) GAMBEL MILKVETCH (Astragalus gambelianus) GULLY LUPINE (Lupinus microcarpus var. CALIFORNIA TEA (Rupertia physodes) Native Native Annual - Mustard Family - (Feb–Jun) - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, densiflorus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Sep) - Woodland - Common. Slopes, washes, moist meadows, grassy areas, scrub - Plant 8-12" tall, slender. (Apr–Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas, Stem ~1.6'. Leaflets 3, triangular to woodland, streambanks - Stem 4-24". Leaf Leaflets square-tipped. Flowers 4-15/cluster, occ seeded on roadbanks - Plant 4-32" tall, hairy. lance-shaped, 1.4-2.8" long, sticky. Flower bracts clasping w/'ears'. Fruit 0.12-0.24" wide, hanging, white w/purple-tinge, ~0.1" long. Fruits ~0.15" Flowers 0.3-0.7" long, white to yellow. Flower not hairy, lobes =. Flowers white or yellow, often hairy w/perforated edge. long, reflexed. bract hairs few, short. banner 0.4-0.55" long.

THIMBLE CLOVER (Trifolium microdon) Native SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER (Trifolium BICOLOR LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon bicolor) STICKY MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED (Cerastium Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common subterraneum) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Jun) - glomeratum) Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - locally. Open, moist or dry, gen disturbed areas - (Mar–Apr) - Meadows, roadsides, disturbed areas Common. Open, grassy areas, chaparral, (Spring) - Dry hillsides, grassland, chaparral, Short-hairy. Head bract w/flat base. Flowers - Plant hairy, creeping. Leaflets 0.4-0.6" long. woodland - Plant 0.8-8.3" tall, hairy. Flower lobes disturbed areas - Flowers 0.1-02" long, white, white to pink. Calyx lobes < 1/2 flower tube Head 0.4" wide. Flowers white, 0.3-0.55" long, ~0.1" long, pink or white; tube red; stigma sticky-hairy. Flower bract hairs extend beyond tip; length, < flowers. fruit in a bur. <=0.02" long. bracts herbaceous. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 32

SMALL-FLOWER CATCHFLY (Silene gallica) COMMON CHICKWEED (Stellaria media) CALIFORNIA DWARF PLANTAIN (Plantago ENGLISH PLANTAIN (Plantago lanceolata) Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Feb–Sep) - erecta) Native Annual - Plantain Family - Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Aug) summer) - Fields, disturbed areas - Plant 4-16". Oak woodland, meadows, disturbed areas - Plant (Mar–May) - Sandy, clay, serpentine soil; grassy - Common. Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, Leaves < 1.4" long. Flower cluster short-hairy, 2.8-20" tall. Stem w/line of hairs on 1 side. Sepals slopes, flats, open woodland - Leaf 1.2-5" long, hairy, 2-10" long, <= 1" wide. Flowers + stem bracts sticky-hairy, petal blade 0.2-0.5" long, 0.12-0.18" long. Petals white, 2-lobed, 0.7-0.9x linear, hairy. Flowers + stem 1.2-12" tall, cluster 8-31" tall, flower cluster 0.8-3" long. INVASIVE, smooth to notched, white to pink. sepals. 0.2-1.2" long. lawn weed.

CALIFORNIA MECONELLA (Meconella CREAM CUPS (Platystemon californicus) Native STICKY CINQUEFOIL (Drymocallis glandulosa WOOD STRAWBERRY (Fragaria vesca) Native californica) Native Annual - Poppy Family - Annual - Poppy Family - (Mar–May) - Open var. wrangelliana) Native Perennial - Rose Family Perennial - Rose Family - (Jan–Jul) - Gen partial (Mar–May) - Open, rocky areas - Plant 1.2-8" tall. grassland, sandy soil, burns - Plant 1.2-12" tall, - (May–Jul) - Gen ± shady or moist areas - Stem shade in forest - Stem gen 1.2-6" long. Leaflets 3, Leaves 0.1-1" long, basal & on stem. Petals shaggy-hairy. Leaves 0.4-3.5" long, narrow. 8-28". Flower 0.2-0.25" long, pale yellow to thin. Central leaflet gen w/12-21 teeth. Flower white, 0.08-0.28" long. Stamens 6-16 in 2 series. Flowers solitary. Stamens > 12. Petals 6, gen cream. Terminal leaflet distinct, unlobed. white, gen 0.6" wide, often above leaves. Fruit a cream with yellow base. strawberry. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 33

SMALL-FLOWER ALUMROOT (Heuchera WOODLAND STAR (Lithophragma affine) Native CALIFORNIA SAXIFRAGE (Micranthes FRINGE CUPS (Tellima grandiflora) Native micrantha) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - Perennial - Saxifrage Family - (Mar–Apr) - Open, californica) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - Perennial - Saxifrage Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist (Apr–Jul) - Moist, rocky banks and cliffs - Plant grassy slopes - Plant 4-24" tall. Leaves w/3-5 (Feb–May(Jun)) - Moist, shady places - Plant slopes - Plan 16-39" tall, hairy. Flower cluster 4-40" tall. Leaf blade 0.8-4.7" long, 5-7 lobed, sharp-toothed shallow lobes, stem leaves 6-14" tall. Leaves 1.6-4" long, at base, unbranched. Petals green-white to rose or red, generally hairy. Petals white, ~ 0.1" long. alternate. Petals 0.2-0.5" long, white. Hypanthium egg-shaped, >= 0.08" wide, toothed. Petals 0.12-0.28" long, falling early. Stamens 10. funnel-shaped. white, 0.1-0.18" long. Hypanthium bell-shaped.

YARROW (Achillea millefolium) Native Perennial MAYWEED (Anthemis cotula) Naturalized Annual MARSH BACCHARIS (Baccharis glutinosa) COMMON CALIFORNIA-ASTER (Corethrogyne - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Sep) - Many habitats - - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - filaginifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Plant 4"-7' tall. Stem white-hairy. Leaves finely Disturbed areas, fields, coastal dunes, chaparral, Coastal freshwater and saltwater marshes, (Jul–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, grassland, dissected. Flower cluster flat-topped. Flowers oak woodland - Leaves finely divided into streambanks - Plant herbaceous, sticky, 3-6' tall. foothill woodland, forest - Heads 3-20+, calyx white to pink. Widely used in folk medicine. thread-like lobes. Flowers > 0.6" wide, many on Leaf blades lance-shaped, < 5" long, 0.5-1.2" length 2x width. Rays white to pink-purple. top of a well-branched stem. wide. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 34

HORSEWEED (Erigeron canadensis) Naturalized HAYFIELD TARWEED (Hemizonia congesta WHITE HAWKWEED (Hieracium albiflorum) COTTONWEED (Micropus californicus var. Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Disturbed subsp. luzulifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Sep) californicus) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - places - Plant 8-79" tall. Gen 1 main stem Family - (Mar–Dec) - Disturbed, open, or grassy - Forest - Stem 8-47" tall, densely long-hairy. (Mar–Jun) - Clearings, often disturbed, dry or branching above. Disk flowers yellow; rays white sites, often clayey soils, serpentine - Plant 2-32" Leaves mostly at base, 3-6" long, not lobed. seasonally moist soils - Plant 0.4-20" tall. Disk or pink, <= 0.04" long. Head bracts 0.12-0.16" tall. Flowers white, rays 0.2-0.5" long; head bract Flower cluster widely branched, heads flowers < 5; top scale points up, largest gen tall,0.08-0.12" wide. tips < body. few-haired. Rays white. Milky sap. 0.12-0.16" long.

CALIFORNIA EVERLASTING CALIFORNIA CHICORY (Rafinesquia californica) LONGHORN PLECTRITIS (Plectritis macrocera) LEMON VERBENA (Phyla nodiflora) Native (Pseudognaphalium californicum) Native Biennial Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Native Annual - Valerian Family - (Mar–Jun) - Perennial - Vervain Family - (May–Nov) - Wet - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Sandy canyons, Open sites in scrub, woodland; often common Common. Open, partly shaded slopes - Plant places, pond margins - Mat-like. Leaf blade dry hills, coastal chaparral - Stem 8-51" tall. after fire - Stem 2-15+ dm. Flower heads 0.8-1.2" 24-32" tall. Leaves to 1.8" long. Flowers 0.2-1.2" long, < 0.4" wide, 5-11 teeth. Flowers Leaves green + glandular on both sides. Heads wide, solitary. Rays white or cream, extend 0.08-0.15" long w/tapering spur, white to pale white to red. Flower stem 0.6-3.5" tall. white, spheric, 0.2-0.24" long. 0.2-0.3" beyond bracts. pink. Fruit grooved. Ornamental. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 35

SMALL-FLOWERED FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia YELLOW JOHNNY-TUCK (Triphysaria eriantha CALIFORNIA BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus PRICKLESEED BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus menziesii) Native Annual - Borage Family - subsp. eriantha) Native Annual - Broom-rape californicus var. californicus) Native Perennial - muricatus) Naturalized Annual - Buttercup Family (May–Jul) - Shade-tolerant, open, disturbed Family - (Mar–May) - Grassland, foothills - Plant Buttercup Family - (Mar–Aug) - Grassland, open - (Apr–Jun) - Stream-banks, drainages, low areas at forest/woodland edges - Flowers yellow 4-14" tall, purple. Leaves 0.4-2" long, 3-7 lobed. woodland - Petals 9-17, 0.28-0.55" long, often > meadows - Plant 6-20". Leaves gen 3-lobed. to orange-yellow, generally spotted, 0.2-0.3" long, Flowers yellow with dark purple beak, 0.4-1" long. 2x width. Fruit body 0.07-0.13" long, 0.05-0.09" Petals yellow, 5, 0.16-0.3" long. Fruits 0.2" long 0.1" wide. Leaves coarse-hairy. wide, smooth. with curved bristles.

FOOTHILL MEADOW-RUE (Thalictrum fendleri PUNCTURE VINE (Tribulus terrestris) FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare) Naturalized BLADDER PARSNIP (Lomatium utriculatum) var. polycarpum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Naturalized Annual - Caltrop Family - (Apr–Oct) - Perennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) - Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Feb–May) - Family - (Mar–Jun) - Moist, open to shaded Dry, disturbed areas incl roadsides, railways, Roadsides, disturbed sites - Plants 3-6.5' tall, Open grassy slopes, meadows, woodland - Plant places, woodland, forest - Plant 2-6'+ tall, male or vacant lots - Sprawling. Leaflets 6-12. Flowers anise-scented. Stems waxy-blue, canelike. 4-20" tall, leafy stem. Leaf lobes linear, bases female. Leaf 1-4x divided, 3-18" long, segments yellow, < 0.2" wide. Fruits star-like, spines Flowers yellow. Leaf segments thread-like, edible broad. Flowers bright yellow above unfused, 0.3-0.8" long. No petals. 0.16-0.28" long. NOXIOUS. when young. INVASIVE weed. round bractlets. Fruit winged. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 36

POISON SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnata) Native PACIFIC WOODLAND SANICLE (Sanicula GOLDEN EGGS SUNCUP (Taraxia ovata) Native YELLOW MARIPOSA LILY (Calochortus luteus) Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–May) - Open crassicaulis) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - Perennial - Evening Primrose Family - (Mar–Jun) Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Apr–Jun) - Heavy grassland or pine/oak woodland - Plants 5-24" (Mar–May) - Open slopes, ravines, woodland - - Grassy fields, gen clay soil - Stemless. Leaf soils in grassland, woodland, mixed-evergreen tall. Leaves 2x pinnate. Flowers yellow, male Plants stout, 9-47". Leaves 1-5" across with 3-5 blade oval, 1.2-6" long w/long stalks. Flower forest - Stem 8-20" long. Flowers bell-shaped, flower stalk < fruit. Reported to be slightly TOXIC. deep, palmate lobes and serrate edges. Flowers stalks leafless. Petals yellow, 0.3-0.9" long. deep yellow, 0.8-1.6" long, gen w/inner central yellow. Ovary hidden. red-brown spot.

GOLDEN MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus guttatus) CLIMBING BEDSTRAW (Galium porrigens var. ERECT-POD WINTER CRESS (Barbarea BLACK MUSTARD (Brassica nigra) Naturalized Native Perennial - Lopseed Family - (Mar–Aug) - porrigens) Native Perennial - Madder Family - orthoceras) Native Perennial - Mustard Family - Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) - Common. Common. Wet places, gen terrestrial, occ (May–Aug) - Among shrubs in chaparral, forest - (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, streambanks, moist Disturbed areas, fields - Plant 1-6' tall. Petals emergent or floating in mats - Plant 0.8-60". Stem 4-59" long. Leaves 0.1-0.7" long, oval to woodland, grassland - Stem 8-24". Lower leaves bright yellow, 0.3-0.4" long. Fruit upright, pressed Flower yellow, gen > 0.8" long; mature bracts egg-shaped, in whorls of 4. Flowers yellow to red, w/large terminal lobe, upper clasping stem. against stem. INVASIVE weed. flattened sideways, inflated in fruit. 4-lobed. Petals bright yellow, 0.2-0.3" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 37

TURNIP (Brassica rapa) Naturalized Annual - SHORTPOD MUSTARD (Hirschfeldia incana) CHARLOCK (Sinapis arvensis) Naturalized HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium officinale) Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas - Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Mustard Family - Annual - Mustard Family - (Mar–Sep) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) Stem 8-40" tall. Leaves clasping, upper (Apr–Oct) - Disturbed areas - Stem 16-60". areas - Stem 8-39", no rosette. Leaves coarse. - Disturbed areas, fields, pastures - Stem 10-22" smooth-edged & waxy. Petals yellow, 0.2-0.4" Longest leaves 1.6-4" long, dense-hairy. Petals Petals 0.35-0.47" long, yellow. Fruit 0.8-1.8", tall, thin, wiry. Petals 0.1-0.16" long, pale yellow. long, stalk 0.3-1"; fruit beak > 0.4". INVASIVE pale yellow, ~0.2" long. Fruit appressed. ascending, beak 0.24-0.47" long w/fat base. 3-7 Fruit 0.4-0.55" long, awl-shaped, appressed. weed. Fall-blooming. INVASIVE. valve veins. INVASIVE weed.

CREEPING WOOD SORREL (Oxalis corniculata) BERMUDA BUTTERCUP (Oxalis pes-caprae) COLCHITA (Acmispon brachycarpus) Native DEERWEED (Acmispon glaber var. glaber) Naturalized Perennial - Oxalis Family - (Most of Naturalized Perennial - Oxalis Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Aug) - Year) - Disturbed areas - Plant < 20" tall, rooting (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas, roadsides, Grassland, oak and pine woodland, desert flats Chaparral, roadsides, coastal sands; common - at nodes. Leaflets < 0.8" long, in 3s. Petals grassland, dunes - Flowering stem < 12" tall. and mtns, roadsides - Soft, densely hairy, < 16" Often shrubby, leaflets 3-6, many clusters of 3-7 yellow, < 8 mm long. Fruit 0.24-1" long. Possibly Leaflets in 3s, < 1.4" long. Petals yellow, < 1" tall. Flower yellow, almost stemless, bract lobes stemless flowers, yellow fading to orange-red, TOXIC to sheep. long. Ornamental. INVASIVE weed. 1-2x flower tube. 0.3-0.5" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 38

CALIFORNIA LOTUS (Acmispon wrangelianus) BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus) CALIFORNIA BURCLOVER (Medicago SOURCLOVER (Melilotus indicus) Naturalized Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Jun–Sep) - polymorpha) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Oct) - Open, Abundant. Coastal bluffs, chaparral, disturbed Open, disturbed areas - Leaflets 5, 0.16-0.9" (Mar–Jul) - Common. Chaparral, oak woodland, disturbed areas - Stem 4-24" long. Leaflets 3, areas - Low growing. Flowers yellow aging red, long. Flower cluster 3-7 flowered on0.6-4.7" stalk. streambanks, roadsides, disturbed areas - Stem 0.4-1" long. Flowers yellow, ~0.1" long. 0.2-0.4" long, almost stemless. Bract lobes same Flowers bright yellow, 0.4-0.55" long, banner 4-20". Flower yellow, 0.14-0.24" long. Spiny spiral length as flower tube. often reddish. fruits. INVASIVE.

HOP CLOVER (Trifolium campestre) Naturalized LITTLE HOP CLOVER (Trifolium dubium) BRISTLY LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon SHARP POINT FLUVELLIN (Kickxia elatine) Annual - Pea Family - (Apr–May) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Spring) - acicularis) Native Annual - Phlox Family - Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Oct) - areas, roadsides - Flower heads 0.3-0.5" wide, Agricultural, disturbed areas, lawns - Heads (Apr–May) - Grassy areas, woodland, chaparral - Disturbed, open places - Plant low, sticky-hairy. bright yellow, brown w/age, quickly reflexing. 0.16-0.3" wide. Flowers bright yellow, age brown, Plant 1-6" tall, hairy. Leaf lobes 0.1-0.4", Some or all leaves arrow-shaped. Flowers yellow Flowers with lengthwise ridges. quickly reflex, smooth. needle-like. Flowers yellow. CNPS: FAIRLY or blue, with violet upper lip; 0.3-0.6" long. ENDANGERED. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 39

PURSLANE (Portulaca oleracea) Naturalized WOOLLY MULLEIN (Verbascum thapsus) BROADLEAF STONECROP (Sedum BLOW WIVES (Achyrachaena mollis) Native Perennial - Purslane Family - (Late spring-early Naturalized Biennial - Snapdragon Family - spathulifolium) Native Perennial - Stonecrop Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - fall) - Disturbed soil - Stem 1.2-16" long, (May–Sep) - Roadsides, streambanks, disturbed Family - (Apr–Aug) - Outcrops, often in shade - Common. Grassy sites, often clay soils - Plant spreading. Leaves 0.12-1.2" long, ~ areas - Plant woolly lt-green. Stem 1-6.6' tall. Plant mat-forming. Basal leaves spoon-shaped, 2-24" tall, soft-hairy. Flowers yellow turning red, spoon-shaped, flat. Flowers solitary. Petals Leaves 2-20" long. Flowers yellow, 0.6-1" wide, forming persistent rosettes. Petals ~0.3" long, 0.1-0.5" wide, extend < 0.1" beyond green yellow, 4-6, 0.12-0.2" long. sticky. yellow. bracts. Showy, flat scales attached to seeds.

SEASIDE DANDELION (Agoseris apargioides GIANT NATIVE DANDELION (Agoseris ANNUAL NATIVE DANDELION (Agoseris GLUE-SEED (Blennosperma nanum var. nanum) var. apargioides) Native Perennial - Sunflower grandiflora var. grandiflora) Native Perennial - heterophylla var. cryptopleura) Native Annual - Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jan–May) - Family - (Apr–May) - Coastal dunes, sand hills - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Grassland, scrub, Sunflower Family - (May–Jun) - Many open Open, grassy areas, often margins of seeps or Plant 4-18". Leaf blades narrow, deeply lobed. woodland - Plant 10-40". Leaf lobes point up. habitats - Leaf lobes gen 3-5 pair. Flower stem > vernal pools - Plant 1.2-5"+, succulent, branched. Flowers extend well beyond bracts, seed beak < Flower rosy-purple, variable-sized bracts. Seed 2x leaf length. Ray flowers 0.4-0.6" long, much Leaf 1.2-2.4"+ long, 5-15 lobed. Flower bracts 2x body length. tapers to beak > 2x body length. Leaf lobes point exceeding bracts. purple-tipped w/tuft of hairs. upward. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 40

TOCALOTE (Centaurea melitensis) Naturalized YELLOW STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis) FITCH SPIKEWEED (Centromadia fitchii) Native CONGDON'S TARPLANT (Centromadia parryi Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - subsp. congdonii) Native Annual - Sunflower fields, open woodland - Plant 4-39", gray-hairy, (May–Oct) - Invasive, roadsides, disturbed Grassland, ± alkaline flats, vernal pools, Family - (Jun–Oct) - Terraces, swales, resinous. Leaves 0.8-6" long. Flowers yellow, grassland or woodland - Plant 4-39" tall. Leaves woodland, disturbed sites, serpentine - Plant floodplains, grassland, disturbed sites - Main 0.4-0.8" long, bracts tipped w/purple spines. woolly, extend down the stem. Flower bract 2-20" tall. Leaves below flowers spiny, sticky. plant not sticky or short-hairy. Spiny. CNPS: NOXIOUS weed. spines 0.4-1" long. NOXIOUS weed. ENDANGERED.

DANDELION-LEAF HAWKSBEARD (Crepis WESTERN GOLDENROD (Euthamia GREAT VALLEY GUMPLANT (Grindelia ROSILLA (Helenium puberulum) Native Biennial - vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia) Naturalized occidentalis) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family camporum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Aug) - Streambanks, Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Oct) - - (Jul–Nov) - Marshes, streambanks, meadows - (May–Nov) - Sandy or saline bottomland, seepage areas, lake margins - Plant 20-63". Sandy clearings, hillsides, disturbed places - Stem < 6.6', smooth. Leaves < 4" long, <= 0.24" roadsides - Stem non-woody, 2-8' tall, whitish. Flower head spherical, disk flowers ~0.1" long, Plant 1-47" tall. Leaves dandelion-like. Fruit beak wide, w/dark glandular pits. Flowers yellow, rays Leaves gen resinous. Head to 1.2" wide, bracts yellow on sides, brown-purple on top; rays 0.1-0.2" long. 0.06-0.1" long. bend downward. 0.15-0.4" long, point down. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 41

BRISTLY OX-TONGUE (Helminthotheca HEERMANN TARPLANT (Holocarpha SMOOTH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris glabra) ROUGH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris radicata) echioides) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - heermannii) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Common. (May–Nov) - Grassland - Plant 0.2-1.2 m tall, (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, open Disturbed areas - Stem 1-6.5' tall, bristly. Leaf densely very-short-hairy, glandular. Ray flowers grassland, open woodland - Plant 4-24" tall, woodland - Plant 4-32" tall, rough-hairy. Rays 2-8" long, covered with prickly bumps. Flower 3-13, yellow. Disk flowers yellow to brown. Yellow smooth. Rays 0.2-0.3" long, barely > head bracts. 0.4-0.6" long, well exceeding head bracts. Fruits heads 0.8-1.6" wide. INVASIVE weed. anthers. Only inner fruit beaked. INVASIVE. all beaked. INVASIVE weed.

PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola) COMMON HARE-LEAF (Lagophylla CALIFORNIA GOLDFIELDS (Lasthenia TIDY-TIPS (Layia platyglossa) Native Annual - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - ramosissima) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - californica subsp. californica) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jul) - Many habitats - (May–Oct) - Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem (Apr–Oct) - Grassland, openings in scrub, Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - Many habitats - Plant 1-28" tall, sticky. Leaves narrow. Ray 1.6-10' tall, prickly-bristly. Leaves deeply-lobed, woodland, forest - Plant 4-40" tall. Leaves hairy, Stem < 16" tall, hairy. Leaves 0.3-2.8" long, flowers 0.1-0.8" long, yellow w/white tips. Disk midvein and edges prickly-bristly. Flowers pale often sticky, to 4.7" long. Rays yellow, 0.12-0.24" <0.25" wide, smooth edged. Head bracts 4-13, anthers gen dark purple. yellow, 0.16-0.2" wide. long. not joined. Rays 0.2-0.7" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 42

GUMWEED (Madia gracilis) Native Annual - COAST TARWEED (Madia sativa) Native Annual PINEAPPLE WEED (Matricaria discoidea) SIERRA FOOTHILL SILVERPUFFS (Microseris Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Open, - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - Grassy, open, Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - acuminata) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - semi-shaded or disturbed sites, many habitats, or disturbed sites - Plant 3.5-10 dm, hairy, all (Feb–Aug) - Abundant. Disturbed sites, (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, open rocky or clay soil - incl serpentine - Plant 2.4-40" tall, hairy, upper glandular. Leaf 0.8-7.1" long, 0.1-0.7" wide. Rays riverbanks - Plant 4-12" tall, sweet-scented. Plant 2-14". Leaves 1-8" long, basal, linear-lobed. half sticky. Leaf 0.4-4" long. Rays yellow, 3-10, green-yellow, 8-13, 0.06-0.16" long. Head bracts Heads pineapple-shaped, ~ 0.4" wide; head stalk Rays 5-50, yellow. Pappus scale > 0.2" long, no 0.06-0.3" long. Bracts 6-10 mm tall. 0.24-0.6" tall. to 0.6" long. notch.

COMMON GROUNDSEL (Senecio vulgaris) CALIFORNIA GOLDENROD (Solidago velutina PRICKLY SOW THISTLE (Sonchus asper subsp. COMMON SOW THISTLE (Sonchus oleraceus) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower asper) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) (Feb–Jul) - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant Family - (May–Nov) - Woodland margins, (All year) - Common. Slightly moist disturbed - Abundant. Disturbed places - Plant 4-55" tall. 4-24" tall, not hairy, w/1-10+ stems. Flower head grassland, disturbed soils - Stem 8-60" tall. Gen sites, along streams - Plant 4-48". Leaf teeth Leaf teeth soft to touch. Basal lobes of upper bracts with black-tips. Milky sap. densely short-soft-hairy. Flower cluster height prickly. Basal lobes of upper leaves rounded, leaves sharply pointed, straight to curving 2-4x width. curving downward. upward. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 43

COMMON DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale) SILVERPUFFS (Uropappus lindleyi) Native FALSE HAWKBIT (Urospermum picroides) NARROW-LEAVED MULE'S EARS (Wyethia Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–May) - Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Sunflower Family angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Abundant. Esp disturbed areas - Common. Open grassland, woodland, chaparral, - (Apr–Jul) - Uncommon. Disturbed places - Stem - (Apr–Aug) - Grassland - Plant 4-35" tall, Stem hollow. Leaves bright green with sharp deserts, gen in loose soils - Heads pale yellow, 4-16"+ tall, long-hairy. Leaves clasping the stem. rough-hairy. Leaves narrow, veins all similar, down-pointing lobes. Outer head bracts reflexed. never nod. Outer head bracts always > 1/4 inner Flowers yellow. Style base swollen as thick as base blades 4-20" long. Ray flowers 0.6-1.8" Fruit ~ brown. length. Pappus scale notched. the seed. long.

SMOOTH MULE'S EARS (Wyethia glabra) GRAY MULE'S EARS (Wyethia helenioides) JOHNNY-JUMP-UP (Viola pedunculata) Native CHAPARRAL CURRANT (Ribes malvaceum var. Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Violet Family - (Feb–Apr) - Open, malvaceum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Gen shady sites - Plant 4-16" tall, shiny green, no (Mar–May(Aug)) - Open grassland, woodland, grassy slopes, hillsides, chaparral, oak woodland, Family - (Oct–Apr) - Chaparral, oak woodland - woolly hairs. Leaf basal blades 10-18" long, scrub - Plant 8-28" tall, densely woolly, often gen full sun - Plant 2-15" tall. No basal leaves. Shrub < 6.6' tall, no prickles. Petals 0.08-0.12" lance-shaped to oval, shiny. Ray flowers 1-2" becoming smooth. Some woolly hairs remain on Petals gold-yellow, lower 3 brown-veined, upper long, pink to white. Styles hairy at base. long. leaf stalks and floral bracts. 2 red-brown on back. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 44

HAIRY VINE HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos albus var. CREEPING SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos BLACK SAGE (Salvia mellifera) Native Perennial hispidula) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family laevigatus) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle mollis) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family - - Mint Family - (Mar–Jun) - Coastal-sage scrub, - (May–Jun) - Canyons, streamsides, woodland - Family - (May–Jul) - Shady woodland, (Apr–May) - Ridges, slopes, open places in lower chaparral - Shrub 3.3-6' tall. Leaf 1-2.8" Shrub sprawling-climbing, 6-10' long, short-hairy. streambanks, N. slopes - Shrub 20-71" tall. woodland - Shrub 6-24" tall, sprawling. Flowers < long, toothed, hairy underneath. Flowers blue, Flower cluster densely sticky. Flowers pink, Flowers > 8/cluster, pink, 0.16-0.24" long, 8/cluster, pink + often red outside, 0.16" long, white or lavender, tube 0.2-0.4" long, in clusters 0.5-0.6" long, sticky-hairy. bell-shaped, swollen on 1 side. bell-shaped, symetrical. 0.6-1.6" wide.

BLUE WITCH (Solanum umbelliferum) Native BUSH LUPINE (Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons) BAY AREA SILVER LUPINE (Lupinus albifrons CALIFORNIA ROSE (Rosa californica) Native Perennial - Nightshade Family - (All year) - Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - var. collinus) Native Perennial - Pea Family - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Nov) - Gen ± Shrubland, mixed-evergreen forest, woodland - Common. Chaparral, foothill woodland - Shrub (Mar–Jun) - Cliffs, forest openings - Subshrub moist areas in sun, esp streambanks - Shrub Plant gen < 39", upper stem hairs branched, 2-16' tall, gen distinct trunk, green to silvery. 8-16" tall, woody only at base, silvery. Flowers 2.6-8.2' tall w/thick curved spines, forming dense. Flowers 0.6-1" wide, purple, with green Flowers 0.35-0.6" long, purple, banner back 0.35-0.6" long, violet to lavender. thickets. Petals pink, 0.6-1" long; sepals unlobed. spots at the base. hairy, keel top ciliate mid to tip. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 45

WOOD ROSE (Rosa gymnocarpa var. WHITE ALDER (Alnus rhombifolia) Native CALIFORNIA HAZELNUT (Corylus cornuta CALIFORNIA COFFEE BERRY (Frangula gymnocarpa) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Birch Family - (Apr–Jun) - Along subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Birch californica subsp. californica) Native Perennial - ((Feb)Apr–Jul) - Common. Gen in shade of permanent streams - Tree. Leaves flat, not rusty Family - (Jan–Mar) - Common. Many habitats, Buckthorn Family - (May–Jul) - Coastal-sage forest, scrub - Shrub w/straight thorns. Flowers underneath, margins serrate, not rolled under. esp moist, shady places - Shrub, small tree < 13' scrub, chaparral, forest, woodland - Shrub < 16' gen solitary, stalks sticky, fruit smooth, sepals Female flowers cone-like. Wood used for tall. Leaf velvetry-hairy. Fruits 0.8-1.2" long in tall. Flowers greenish. Leaves smooth beneath. deciduous. furniture and for smoking meats. papery bracts, 1-2/group.

COAST LIVE OAK (Quercus agrifolia var. BLUE OAK (Quercus douglasii) Native Perennial CALIFORNIA BLACK OAK (Quercus kelloggii) VALLEY OAK (Quercus lobata) Native Perennial agrifolia) Native Perennial - Oak Family - - Oak Family - (Apr–May) - Dry slopes, interior Native Perennial - Oak Family - (Apr–May) - - Oak Family - (Mar–Apr) - Slopes, valleys, (Mar–Apr) - Valleys, slopes, mixed-evergreen foothills, woodland - Tree 20-66', deciduous. Bark Slopes, valleys, woodland, conifer forest - Tree < savanna - Tree < 115' tall, deciduous. Leaves forest, woodland - Tree 30-80'. Leaves convex, checkered into scales. Leaves 1.2-2.4" long, 80', deciduous. Leaves 3.5-8" long, supple, 2-5" long, not leathery, deeply lobed, lobes hair-tuft below in vein axils. Acorns on 1st year bluish green, unlobed to shallowly lobed, lacking deeply-lobed, lobes bristle-tipped. without bristles. Acorns 1.2-2" long, slender, cup twigs, shell glabrous inside. bristles. 0.4-1.2" deep. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 46

INTERIOR LIVE OAK (Quercus wislizeni var. BIG-LEAF MAPLE (Acer macrophyllum) Native WESTERN POISON OAK (Toxicodendron CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia wislizeni) Native Perennial - Oak Family - Perennial - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Jun) - diversilobum) Native Perennial - Sumac Family - californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Mar–May) - Interior canyons, slopes, pine/oak Common. Streambanks, canyons - Tree < 100'. (Apr–Jun) - Canyons, slopes, chaparral, coastal (Aug–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, open woodland - Tree < 75'. Leaf blades 0.8-2" long, Leaves 5-lobed, 3-6" long, 4-10" wide. Group of scrub, oak woodland - Shrub or vine. Leaflets 3, woodland - Shrub 2-8.5' tall, rounded. Leaves hairless, flat. Acorns on 2nd year twigs, shell 20-90 hanging flowers appear after leaves. red in fall, mid leaflet stalked. Flowers green. 0.4-4", hairy, thread-like, lt green to gray. Flower woolly inside. Winged seeds. Fruits white. TOXIC. heads < 5 mm wide. Sage-scented.

WESTERN SYCAMORE (Platanus racemosa) WESTERN VIRGIN'S BOWER (Clematis HILLSIDE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes californicum STRAGGLE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes divaricatum Native Perennial - Sycamore Family - (Feb–Apr) - ligusticifolia) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family var. californicum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry var. pubiflorum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Common. Streamsides, canyons, arroyos - Tree - (Jun–Sep) - Along streams, wet places - Family - (Feb–Mar) - Forest openings, woodland - Family - (Mar–May) - Uncommon. Coastal bluffs, 33-115' tall. Bark peeling pale. Leaf blades 4-10" Leaflets 5-15, irregularly lobed. Flowers many, in Shrub < 5' tall. Leaf blades 0.4-1.2" long, not forest edges - Shrub < 10' tall. Petals 0.04-0.08" long, palmately lobed, smooth to hairy above, fall. Sepals white to cream, 0.2-0.24" long. sticky. Sepals greenish, petals 0.12" long, white. long, white. Styles 0.2-0.3" long, hairy at base. short-woolly under. Bracts purplish. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 47

CANYON GOOSEBERRY (Ribes menziesii var. PACIFIC MADRONE (Arbutus menziesii) Native BLUE ELDERBERRY (Sambucus nigra subsp. BLUE GUM (Eucalyptus globulus) Naturalized menziesii) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Family Perennial - Heath Family - (Mar–May) - Conifer, caerulea) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - Perennial - Myrtle Family - (Oct–Jan) - Common. - (Feb–Apr) - Common. Forest openings, oak forests - Tree < 130' tall, evergreen, peeling (Mar–Sep) - Common. Streambanks, open Disturbed areas - Tree < 200' tall. Flowers single, chaparral - Shrub < 10', prickly. Leaves sticky red bark. Leaf blades < 5" long. Flowers places in forest - Shrub 7-26' tall. Flower cluster large, gen stemless. Leaves 4-12" long, 1-1.6" below. Styles glabrous, anthers exserted, sepals yellow-white or pink, < 3.1" long. Berries red, < flat-topped, 1.6-13" diam, petals spreading. Fruits wide; used medicinally by Aboriginals. INVASIVE purplish. 0.5" diam, round. waxy blue-black. weed.

CHAMISE (Adenostoma fasciculatum var. UTAH SERVICE-BERRY (Amelanchier CHRISTMAS BERRY / TOYON (Heteromeles OCEANSPRAY (Holodiscus discolor var. fasciculatum) Native Perennial - Rose Family - utahensis) Native Perennial - Rose Family - arbutifolia) Native Perennial - Rose Family - discolor) Native Perennial - Rose Family - (May–Jun) - Dry slopes, ridges, chaparral - Shrub (Apr–Jun) - Open, rocky slopes, canyons, banks ((May)Jun–Aug) - Chaparral, oak woodland, (May–Aug) - Moist woodland edges, rocky slopes or small tree < 13' tall. Flowers cream to white. of creeks, deserts, conifer forest - Shrub-small mixed-evergreen forest - Shrub-tree < 33' tall, - Shrub 5-20' tall. Leaf blade 0.6-3.1" long, Leaves narrow, shiny with flammable oils in warm tree 2-16'. Leaves deciduous, toothed along outer evergreen. Leaf 2-4" long. Petals white, < 0.16" toothed at end. Flower cluster 0.8-10" long. weather. half of blade. long. Fruit bright red. Petals white, ~0.07" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 48

OSO BERRY (Oemleria cerasiformis) Native PACIFIC NINEBARK (Physocarpus capitatus) ALMOND (Prunus dulcis) Naturalized Perennial - BITTER CHERRY (Prunus emarginata) Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, Native Perennial - Rose Family - (May–Jul) - Rose Family - (Feb–Mar) - Canyons, roadsides, Perennial - Rose Family - (Apr–Jun) - Rocky canyons, streambanks, lowland wet to dry open Moist banks, n-facing slopes, mixed-conifer forest grassland (as waif) - Tree 16-26' tall. Leaf blades slopes, canyons, chaparral, mixed-evergreen, woodland, coast to shaded conifer forest - Shrub - Shrub 3.3-8'. Leaf blades gen < 4" wide, 3-5 1-4" long. Flowers 1-3/cluster. Petals pink to conifer forest - Shrub/tree < 50'. Leaf: stem 3-20'. Leaf 2-5" long. Flower cluster 1.2-4". Petals lobed. Petals white, ~0.1" long. Fruits reddish, nearly white, 0.5-1" long. Fruit 1-1.6" long, hairy. 0.1-0.5", blade 0.6-2.4" long. Petals white, white, 0.12-0.24". 0.3-0.4" long. Cultivar. 0.12-0.3" long. Fruit red to purple.

SIERRA PLUM (Prunus subcordata) Native WESTERN CHOKE CHERRY (Prunus virginiana HIMALAYAN BLACKBERRY (Rubus THIMBLEBERRY (Rubus parviflorus) Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - var. demissa) Native Perennial - Rose Family - armeniacus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Aug) - Common; Mixed-evergreen or conifer forest - Shrub < 10'. (May–Jun) - Rocky slopes, canyons, scrubland, - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, moist semi-shaded areas, esp edges of Leaf: stem 0.16-0.6", blade 1-2", elliptic to wide oak/pine woodland - Shrub/tree < 20'. Leaf blade roadsides - Shrub w/thorny 5-angled stem. woodland - Shrub 0.5-2 m tall, not prickly. Petals egg-shaped, base round heart-shaped, tip round. 1.2-4" long. Flowers 18+, petals white, 0.16-0.3" Leaflets 3-5, white-hairy beneath. Blackberry-type 0.5-0.9" long, white. Leaves simple, 3-5 lobed. Petals 0.2-0.4" long, white. long. fruit. INVASIVE. Raspberry-type fruit. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 49

CALIFORNIA BLACKBERRY (Rubus ursinus) COAST SILK TASSEL (Garrya elliptica) Native CALIFORNIA BUCKEYE (Aesculus californica) COYOTE BRUSH (Baccharis pilularis subsp. Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Perennial - Silk Tassel Family - (Jan–Mar) - Native Perennial - Soapberry Family - (May–Jun) consanguinea) Native Perennial - Sunflower Open, disturbed areas - Stem round, Seacliffs, sand dunes, chaparral, foothill-pine - Dry slopes, canyons, borders of streams - Large Family - (Jul–Dec) - Coastal bluffs, woodland, bristly/prickly. Leaves simple to 3 leaflets, woodland - Shrub or small tree, < 26' tall. Leaves shrub or tree 13-39' tall. 5-7 leaflets. Flowers grassland, disturbed sites, occ on serpentine - underside green. Plants unisexual. Petals wavy-margined, underside hairs felt-like, white to pale rose. Large seeds toxic but edible Shrub < 15' tall, brittle, common. Leaves gen 0.24-0.6" long, white. Blackberry-type fruit. interwoven. Fruit hairy. after leaching out saponins. 0.6-1.6" long.

SHINYLEAF OREGON-GRAPE (Berberis pinnata HOLLYLEAF REDBERRY (Rhamnus ilicifolia) CALIFORNIA WILD GRAPE (Vitis californica) CALIFORNIA BAY (Umbellularia californica) subsp. pinnata) Native Perennial - Barberry Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - (Mar–Jun) - Native Perennial - Grape Family - (May–Jun) - Native Perennial - Laurel Family - (Nov–May) - Family - (Feb–May) - Rocky slopes, conifer Chaparral, montane forest - Shrub < 13' tall, Streamsides, springs, canyons - Woody vine to Common. Canyons, valleys, chaparral - Tree < forest, oak woodland, chaparral - Shrub gen < 7'. evergreen w/stiff branches. Leaf blades 0.8-1.6" 33'+long. Leaves deciduous, heart-shaped to 150' tall. Leaf 1.2-4", 0.6-1.2" wide, aromatic. Leaflets w/15-23 spiny teeth, spines < 0.1" long. long, toothed. Fruits 0.2-0.3" wide, red. kidney-shaped. Fruit purple when mature, gen > Cluster of 5-10 small, yellow or yellow-green Flowers yellow. 0.3" wide. flowers. Fruit 0.8-1" diam. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 50

BUSH MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus aurantiacus BLACKWOOD ACACIA (Acacia melanoxylon) FRENCH BROOM (Genista monspessulana) YELLOW BUSH LUPINE (Lupinus arboreus) var. aurantiacus) Native Perennial - Lopseed Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb-Mar) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Jul) - Family - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, coastal Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Tree < 100' tall. Common. Disturbed places. - Shrub < 10' tall, Coastal bluffs, dunes, or more inland - Shrub < 8' cliffs, canyon sides - Shrub 4-60". Flowers yellow, Leaves simple, 0.2-1.2" wide, 3-5 main veins. evergreen. Stems 8-10 ridged, leafy. Flowers tall. Flowers yellow (purple), 0.55-0.7" long, orange or red; 1-2.3" long; bract tube glabrous. Flowers pale yellow, 2-8 per head. INVASIVE yellow, 4-10 at branch tips, banner 0.4-0.6" long. banner back smooth, upper keel ciliate claw to weed. NOXIOUS. tip. INVASIVE weed.

INTERIOR GOLDENBUSH (Ericameria GOLDEN-YARROW (Eriophyllum confertiflorum HINDS' WILLOW (Salix exigua var. hindsiana) RED WILLOW (Salix laevigata) Native Perennial linearifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - var. confertiflorum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Apr–May) - - Willow Family - (Dec–Jun) - Common. (Mar–May) - Dry slopes, valleys, foothill and Family - (Apr–Aug) - Many dry habitats - Common. Floodplains, sandy gravel - Shrub or Riverbanks, seepage areas, lakeshores, canyons desert woodland, saltbush and creosote-bush Shrubby, 8-28" tall. Leaves 0.4-2" long, deeply tree < 17' tall. Leaf blades 1.2-6" long, linear, - Tree bark fissured. Leaf lanceolate, glaucous scrub - Shrub/subshrub, 16-60". Heads large, 3-5 lobed. Flowers yellow; rays 4-6, 0.08-0.2" mature dense soft-hairy below. Ovary hairy. below, gen w/stalk glands. Stamens 5. Fruit yellow, solitary; rays 0.3-0.8" long. long; head bracts 4-7. glabrous. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 51

ARROYO WILLOW (Salix lasiolepis) Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Jan–Jun) - Common. Shores, marshes, meadows, etc - Shrub-tree, bark smooth. Leaf-like stipules. Leaf egg-shaped, waxy below. Fruit smooth, bract persistent, dark, stamens 2. Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes: