ISO/WD 21829 Terminology for Language Resource Management
ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N 078 ISO/TC 37/SC 4/WG 1 Nxx ISO/TC 37/SC 4 2003-08-15
Language resource management secretariat : KATS
ISO/WD 21829 Terminology for language resource management
Introduction This working draft contains candidate terms which are essential for the work of language resource management.
Scope Reference terminology for all activities within SC4 as well as reference concepts for the NLP community (ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N063) Specific term related to Morpho-Syntax (French Contribution): List 1 General terms for language resources (Korean Contribution): List 2-3
Methodology Term extraction from texts (automatic) 6 ISO/TC 37/SC 4 Documents: 10 Documents 6 LREC 2002 Proceedings: 354 Articles Selection from candidate terms (manual)
Description Terms extracted from ISO/TC 37/SC 4 Documents 6 Field names** (designed): subject field, term, definition, note, source, contextual usage 6 Current state: Only fields for term, subject field and source are filled fully. The field for contextual usage is going to be filled further, if decided to be useful. 6 Frequency of term occurrences is not taken account into, because documents don’t be balanced in terms of subject fields. 6 Size of candidate terms: 143
Terms extracted from LREC 2002 Proceedings 6 Field names (designed): subject field, term, frequency, source, contextual usage (definition, note) 6 Current state: Only fields for term, frequency and source are filled. Other fields are empty. Fields for subject field and contextual usage are going to be filled further, if decided to be useful. 6 Candidate terms occur more than 5. 6 Size of candidate terms: 525
Data categories The data categories designed are as follows;
Concept Identifier ş Subject Field ş DEFINITION ş NOTE ş TERM ş FREQUENCY ş not for publishing SOURCE ş (not for publishing) CONTEXTUAL USAGE ş (not for publishing)
Works to be done successively More rigid relevant term selection from candidate terms Empty fields should be filled as much as possible. - The ‘definition’ field will be filled through refering to existing term bank, dictionaries, etc., or through extracting term information from corpus (LREC 2002 Proceedings/ ISO/TC 37/SC 4 documents). - The ‘contextual usage’ field will be filled in through selecting an appropriate usage from candidates extracted out of LREC 2002 Proceedings/ ISO/TC 37/SC 4 documents.
Notes
* This document is an explanation about terminology data for NLP as well as language resource collected by KORTERM (Korea) and France. It is written to get comments for preparing a working draft (ISO WD 21829).
** Fields, especially for source, contextual usage, frequency, etc., are designed for providing useful information in standardizing, not for publishing.
1. Liste des catégories
Abbreviation French : DEF: Mode de réduction des mots savants (techn., sc., admin.) passés dans la lang. commune, fam. ou pop. : On emploie GENERAL d'ordinaire ce terme pour Morpho-syntax désigner une réduction DEF: A shortened or contracted form of a English : graphique (ainsi etc. pour word or phrase used in place of the whole TERM: Abbreviation et caetera), en réservant le ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit terme d'abrégement à ce ion.asp?en=Abbreviation+ ) qui est une réduction réelle, ... MAR. Lex. 1961, p. 12. ( www.atilf.fr ABREVIATION I.B Ling ) TERM: Abréviation Abessive case English : Finnish : DEF: Carries the basic meaning of EXPL: In Finnish it is a GENERAL "without" rarely used case, Morpho-syntax ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abessive_ca especially in spoken se ) language, but it is found TERM: Abessive case in some commonly used expressions. Compare whith the Essive and the Inessive cases. Ablative case English : French : DEF: A locative grammatical case DEF: Cas de la GENERAL which carries the basic meaning of déclinaison lat. réservé Morpho-syntax "from off of". principalement au compl. DEF: The case used to indicate some EXPL: Ablative is one of the six circ. Il marque le point de adverbial function for a noun, usually locative cases which as their basic départ, l'éloignement, la translated into English with a preposition. meaning correspond to locational séparation. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W prepositions in English. ( atilf.fr ABLATIF ) eb/glossary.html ) EX: By the window, in the doghouse TERM: Ablatif TERM: Ablative case Absolutive case Basque : EX: Gizona etorri da. "The man has arrived." GENERAL Gizonak mutila ikusi du. Morpho-syntax English : "The man saw the boy." In DEF: Marks the subject of an intransitive EXPL: Absolutive case is typical for Basque, gizon is "man", verb and object of transitive verb ergative languages mutil is "boy", and a suffix ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutive_ca TERM: Absolutive case -a is "the". Notice that se ) gizon is different depending on whether it is the subject of a transitive or intransitive verb The first form is the absolutive case and the second form is the ergative case Accusative case French : DEF: Cas de la déclinaison auquel se GENERAL mettent généralement les Morpho-syntax English : compléments d'objet, de DEF: The case used to indicate direct EX: She threw the ball, They ate my direction, de but, de durée, object, place to or toward which, or extent lunch etc., et certains of space and time. TERM: Accusative case compléments ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W prépositionnels. eb/glossary.html ) ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, ACCUSATIF, I.Gramm. ) TERM: Accusatif Active voice French : DEF: L'ensemble des GENERAL English : formes d'un verbe qui Morpho-syntax EX: She threw the ball, They ate my indiquent que l'action est DEF: A verb voice, in which the subject lunch faite et non supportée par performs the action of the verb i.e., the TERM: Active voice le sujet. subject is agent" ( zeus.inalf.fr ACTIF ) TERM: Actif Adessive case GENERAL English : Hungarian : Morpho-syntax DEF: A locative grammatical case EX: "asztalon" - "on which carries the basic meaning of table"; In Hungarian "on". suffix "on/en" is used for ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adessive_ca adessive. se ) EXPL: Adessive is one of the six locative cases which as their basic meaning correspond to locational prepositions in English. TERM: Adessive case Adjective GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: -Partie du discours, variable en English : genre et en nombre, se rapportant dans la DEF: A word used to describe, or limit phrase au substantif. - Mot appartenant à the meaning of, a noun. Adjectives cette partie du discours : 1. L'adjectif est have three variables in Latin: number, French : un mot qui donne une qualification au gender, and case. They agree with DEF: Qui se joint aux substantif; il en désigne la qualité ou nouns according to these variables. noms pour les qualifier ou manière d'être. Or comme toute qualité ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_ les modifier. suppose la substance dont elle est qualité, Web/glossary.html ) ( zeus.inalf.fr il est évident que tout adjectif suppose un EXPL: "Agent" comes from the Latin ADJECTIF ) substantif : car il faut être, pour être tel. verb ago, agere, egi, actus, which can TERM: Adjectif C.-C. DU MARSAIS, Gramm. 1789. 2. mean to do or perform L'Adjectif ne désigne ni un être physique, EX: A big horse ni un être métaphysique; il exprime TERM: Adjective seulement la qualité ou la manière d'être du substantif. GIR. 1834, p. 239. 3. L'un des éléments les plus essentiels du discours (...). On appelle (...) ce mot adjectif, non pas seulement (...), parce qu'il s'ajoute toujours aux substantifs, mais aussi parce qu'il ajoute à ces substantifs l'idée des qualités ou des manières d'être sous lesquelles ils sont considérés. BESCH. 1845. 4. Nom que l'on joint à un substantif pour le qualifier ou le déterminer. LITTRÉ. 5. L'adjectif est un mot que l'on ajoute au nom pour exprimer les qualités, les diverses manières d'être des personnes ou des choses désignées par ce nom. NOËL- CHAPSAL, 1889, p. 91. 6. Les mots pleins exprimant les attributs abstraits des substances sont appelés adjectifs. TESN. 1959, p. 62. ( www.atilf.fr ADJECTIF GRAMMAIRE ) Adposition GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: An adposition is a cover term for English : prepositions and postpositions. It is a EX: He promised to help with whatever member of a closed set of items that - was the matter. occur before or after a complement TERM: Adposition composed of a noun phrase, noun, pronoun, or clause that functions as a noun phrase, and - form a single structure with the complement to express its grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsAnAdposition.htm ) Adverb French : DEF: Partie du discours neutre et invariable qui peut être rapportée à un GENERAL English : verbe, à un adjectif, à une Morpho-syntax EX: She threw the ball far, She threw préposition ou à un autre DEF: A word used to describe a verb, the ball very far, An extremely big adverbe, c'est-à-dire à adjective, or another adverb horse toute partie du discours ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W TERM: Adverb autre que l'article et les eb/glossary.html ) déterminatifs (fr.encyclopedia.yahoo.co m) TERM: Adverbe Affix GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: élément lexical qui DEF: An affix is joined by derivation or English : s'ajoute à un mot ou à un inflection. radical pour en modifier le TERM: Affix ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing sens ou la fonction, appelé uisticTerms/WhatIsAnAffixLinguisticsht préfixe, infixe ou suffixe m ) selon qu'il est placé au début, à l'intérieur ou à la fin du mot. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, AFFIXE, B. Linguistique, 1 ) TERM: Affixe Allative case English : DEF: A locative grammatical case which carries the basic meaning of "onto". Hungarian : ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allative_cas EX: "asztalra" - "onto GENERAL e ) table" In Hungarian suffix Morpho-syntax EXPL: Allative is one of the six "ra/re" is used for locative cases which as their basic adessive. meaning correspond to locational prepositions in English. TERM: Allative case Allomorph GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Variable DEF: An allomorph is one of two or more English : combinatoire du complementary morphs which manifest a EX: [-s] as in [hQts] 'hats' morphème, il arrive morpheme in its different phonological or souvent qu'un morphème TERM: Allomorph morphological environments. spécifique soit représenté ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing par des morphes différents uisticTerms/WhatIsAnAllomorph.htm ) dans des environnements différents. Ces diverses représentations s'appellent des allomorphes. Ainsi,en anglais, le morphème de pluriel qu'on peut désigner par (s) est régulièrement représenté par les allomorphes [s], [z] et [iz] » (J. LYONS, Linguistique générale, trad. de F. Dubois- Charlier et D. Robinson, Paris, Lar., 1970, p. 142) TERM: Allomorphe Anaphora GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Procédé consistant à DEF: Anaphora is coreference of one rappeler un mot ou groupe expression with its antecedent. The English : de mots précédemment antecedent provides the information EX: A well-dressed man was speaking; énoncé par un terme necessary for the expression's he had a foreign accent grammatical. interpretation.This is often understood as TERM: Anaphora ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, an expression "referring" back to the ANAPHORE, A.2. antecedent. Gramm.) ) ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing TERM: Anaphore uisticTerms/WhatIsAnaphora.htm ) Antecedent GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax EXPL: "Antecedent" comes from two DEF: Terme destiné à DEF: The noun for which a pronoun Latin word: ante and the verb cado, préparer stands. cadere, cecidi, casus. It literally means grammaticalement ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W to fall before l'énoncé d'un autre terme, eb/glossary.html ) EX: X is here, I see him dit conséquent : tel est TERM: Antecedent antécédent de que dans : tel que vous me voyez. ( MAR. Lex. 1951 www.atilf.fr ANTECEDENT 1.GRAMMAIRE ) TERM: Antecedent Aorist English : DEF: A tense of the verb in classical Greek and in certain other inflected GENERAL languages, indicating past action French : Morpho-syntax without reference to whether the action DEF: Temps de la DEF: The aorist is a simple past tense that involved was momentary or continuous conjugaison grecque is predominantly used for narration. Both ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi correspondant the perfective and the imperfective forms nition.asp?en=aorist ) approximativement au can be used in the aorist without any EX: Yesterday I came (perfective) home passé simple et au passé restrictions. about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. I was antérieur français ( www.helsinki.fi/~bontchev/grammar/ind very tired and lied down (perfective) ( atilf.atilf.fr AORISTE ) ex.html ) for a nap. I slept (imperfective) until 5 TERM: Aoriste o'clock, after that I read (imperfective) a bit, I wrote (perfective) one letter, ate (imperfective) supper, and watched (imperfective) TV. I phoned (perfective) Elitza and spoke (imperfective) with her about an hour TERM: Aorist Argument GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: Que ce soit au niveau de l?argument-sujet ou de l?argument-objet, l?impact sur le concept grammatical de cause est doublement parlant. D?une part, la concordance des propriétés syntaxiques et sémantiques de l?argument-sujet peuvent amener à formuler certaines English : French : conclusions sur le caractère « involontaire TERM: Argument TERM: Argument » ou « indirect » de la notion de cause. D?autre part, la nature lexico-syntaxique de l?argument-objet confirme le lien étroit de la causation avec la notion de changement considérée comme un « invariant cognitif » que les prédications d?état et d?événement comportent dans leurs significations. ( www.mshs.univ-poitiers.fr ) Article GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Mot qui, dans TERM: Article DEF: An article is a member of a small certaines langues, précède class of determiners that identify a noun's le substantif pour indiquer - definite or indefinite reference, and - sa valeur "définie, new or given status. indéfinie" ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.atilf.fr ARTICLE ) uisticTerms/WhatIsAnArticle.htm ) TERM: Article Aspect English : EX: I'll phone my mother tomorrow. (The event is planed as a single GENERAL completed action.) From now on every Morpho-syntax week I'll phone my mother. (The action DEF: The aspect of the verb is a way of is intended to be completed successfully French : looking at the action. There are two and repeated more than once.) TERM: Aspect aspects of the verb in Bulgarian "and in Tomorrow afternoon I'll be preparing the other Slavic languages" myself for the English language test. (The action will be in progress by tomorrow afternoon.) TERM: Aspect Attributive adjective GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax DEF: (of an adjective or adjectival DEF: Fonction d'un terme GENERIC CONCEPT : Grammatical phrase) modifying a noun and (adjectif ou équivalent constituting part of the same noun d'adjectif, adverbe, function phrase, in English normally preceding locution, etc.) ou d'un DEF: An Attributive Adjective comes the noun, as black in Fido is a black membre de phrase before a Noun and not after a Copula dog (as opposed to Fido is black) (proposition relative ou Verb, like BE, SEEM, etc. ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi comparative) quand ils ( www.usingenglish.com/glossary/attribut nition.asp?en=attributive+adjective ) sont constituants du ive-adjective.html ) TERM: Attributive adjective groupe nominal (p. oppos. à la fonction attribut ou prédicative composante du groupe verbal). ( www.atilf.inalf.fr EPITHETE Gramm. ) TERM: Epithete Auxiliary French : DEF: Verbe qui perdant GENERAL tout ou partie de sa Morpho-syntax English : signification sert à former EX: Be les temps composés des VALUE : Be TERM: Auxiliary autres verbes auxiliaire de VALUE : Have temps" ( atilf.fr AUXILIAIRE ) TERM: Auxiliaire Base French : DEF: Ensemble constitué par le radical et, GENERAL English : éventuellement, les Morpho-syntax TERM: Base affixes, auquel viennent s'ajouter les éléments de flexion. La base du génitif latin " genitoris ", " du père ", est " genitor- ". Base verbale, forme prise par le radical du verbe au cours de la conjugaison. Le verbe craindre a trois bases. ( zeus.inalf.fr Base ) TERM: Base Be GENERAL Morpho-syntax French : DEF: Used as a linking verb between the English : DEF: Verbe intransitif. subject of a sentence and its noun or EX: I am happy ( www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, adjective complement or complementing TERM: Be 3.ETRE ) phrase. TERM: Etre ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit ion.asp?en=be -> 4) ) Cardinal numeral GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: On appelle adjectifs numéraux cardinaux, ou GENERIC CONCEPT : Numeral noms de nombres DEF: A cardinal numeral is a numeral of English : cardinaux, les adjectifs ou the class whose members : - are TERM: Cardinal numeral noms exprimant la considered basic in form - are used in quantité, le nombre précis counting, and - are used in expressing (un, vingt, cent, mille, how many objects are referred to. etc.), par opposition à ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ceux qui expriment uisticTerms/WhatIsACardinalNumeral.ht l'ordre, le rang (ordinaux), m ) la distribution en plusieurs catégories (distributifs)`` (Ling. 1972) ( www.atilf.fr 1.CARDINAL C.1.a ) TERM: Cardinal Case GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Chacune des VALUE : Ablative case formes, dont l'ensemble English : VALUE : Accusative case constitue la déclinaison, DEF: A form of a noun "and any que prend un substantif, VALUE : Dative case agreeing adjective" un adjectif ou un pronom, VALUE : Ergative case VALUE : Abessive case modifié par une VALUE : Adessive case désinence, selon la VALUE : Locative case fonction qu'il occupe dans VALUE : Nominative case VALUE : Allative case la phrase. Les six cas du latin; accorder un mot en VALUE : Vocative case VALUE : Absolutive case genre, en nombre et en VALUE : Genitive case VALUE : Elative case cas. Le zend, avec ses VALUE : Abessive case VALUE : Illative case mots longs et compliqués, son manque de VALUE : Adessive case VALUE : Inessive case prépositions et sa manière VALUE : Allative case TERM: Case d'y suppléer au moyen de cas formés par flexion VALUE : Absolutive case ( RENAN, L'Avenir de la VALUE : Elative case sc., 1890, p. 206 ) VALUE : Illative case TERM: Cas VALUE : Inessive case Cataphora GENERAL English : Morpho-syntax DEF: The use of a word such as a DEF: Cataphora is the coreference of one pronoun that has the same reference as expression with another expression which a word used subsequently in the same follows it. The following expression discourse. French : provides the information necessary for ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi TERM: Cataphore interpretation of the preceding one. This nition.asp?en=cataphora ) is often understood as an expression EX: If you need one, there's a towel in "referring" forward to another expression. the top drawer ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing TERM: Cataphora uisticTerms/WhatIsCataphora.htm ) Comitative English : DEF: Used where English would use "in company with" or "together with". ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comitative_ Finnish : GENERAL case ) EXPL: Found in Finnish, Morpho-syntax EX: A baràtommal mentem. The friend- Hungarian and Estonian my-with went-I 'I went with my friend.' In Hungarian the suffix used is val/vel TERM: Comitative Complement GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax TERM: Complement DEF: Mot ou groupe de DEF: - A noun phrase that follows a mots de nature copula or similar verb, as for example an substantivale mis en idiot in the sentence He is an idiot. - A relation de subordination clause that serves as the subject or direct immédiate avec une unité object of a verb or the direct object of a signifiante pour en preposition, as for example that he would compléter ou en préciser be early in the sentence I hoped that he le sens. would be early. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit COMPLEMENT, C.1, ion.asp?en=complement ) Gramm. ) TERM: Complement Conditional English : French : DEF: A conditional relation is a logical DEF: Proposition relation in which the illocutionary act introduite le plus souvent employing one of a pair of propositions par la conjonction si, mais GENERAL is expressed or implied to be true or in aussi par au cas où, à (la) Morpho-syntax force if the other proposition is true. condition que, pourvu que DEF: (of a clause, conjunction, form of a ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLi ou simplement verb, or whole sentence) expressing a nguisticTerms/WhatIsAConditionalRel coordonnée ou juxtaposée condition on which something else is ation.htm ) à la proposition contingent. EX: If you give her the ring, then you principale, exprimant ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit are married to her.I hereby pronounce généralement une ion.asp?en=conditional ) you married.Are you married to condition, une her?Do marry her.If only you would supposition, une marry her! éventualité qui détermine TERM: Conditional la réalisation du procès exprimé par la principale. La proposition conditionnelle est souvent introduite par le simple « que » ( www.atilf.fe CONDITIONNEL I.B. ) TERM: Coditionnel Conjugation French : DEF: Ensemble des GENERAL formes, composées de Morpho-syntax terminaisons et d'auxiliaires que prend un DEF: A system of verb forms. A given English : verb belongs to one of the four verbe pour exprimer les TERM: Conjugation conjugations. The conjugation can be catégories propres à cette recognized from the infinitive: -are "long classe de mots. a" ( www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, CONJUGUAISON, 3.b ) TERM: Conjugaison Conjunction GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax EX: Coordinating conjunctions : and, DEF: Mot invariable qui a DEF: A conjunction is a word that : - or, but Subordinating conjunctions : pour fonction de joindre syntactically links words or larger because , when, unless deux mots, des groupes de constituents, and - expresses a semantic mots. TERM: Conjunction relationship between them. A conjunction ( www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, is positionally fixed relative to one or CONJONCTION, II.A ) more of the elements related by it, thus TERM: Conjonction distinguishing it from constituents such as English conjunctive adverbs. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsAConjunction.htm ) Constituent GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax EX: The sentence : "You eat bananas" DEF: Morphème ou DEF: A constituent is one of two or more contains the following constituents : syntagme faisant partie grammatical units that enter syntactically Immediate constituents - you - eat d'une structure plus large. or morphologically into a construction at bananas Ultimate constituents - you - ( www.atilf.fr any level. eat - banana - s 2.CONSTITUANTS ) ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing TERM: Constituent TERM: Constituant uisticTerms/WhatIsAConstituent.htm ) Coordinating conjunction French : GENERAL DEF: Mot qui joint des Morpho-syntax mots, des groupes de GENERIC CONCEPT : Conjunction mots, des propositions et DEF: A coordinating conjunction is a des phrases de même English : conjunction that links constituentswithout nature et de même syntactically subordinating one to the TERM: Coordinating conjunction fonction. other ( www.atilf.fr ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing CONJONCTION DE uisticTerms/WhatIsACoordinatingConjun COORDINATION ) ction.htm ) TERM: Conjonction de coordination Copula English : GENERAL DEF: A verb, such as be, seem, or taste, Morpho-syntax that is used merely to identify or link DEF: A copula is a special word that the subject with the complement of a combines the subject of a sentence and its sentence. Copulas may serve to link description. Copulas are often irregular in nouns "or pronouns" many languages. The English word be is a EXPL: However, the word is in "The copula. It is the verb whose inflection is book is on the desk" is not a copula but most irregular in English. It combines the an existential verb similar to the verb subject and its description. exist ( www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/japanese/copula. EX: Apples are fruits html ) TERM: Copula Coreference French : GENERAL DEF: La relation de Morpho-syntax coréférence peut mettre en English : DEF: Coreference is the reference in one relation un pronom et un EX: You said you would come expression to the same referent in another antècèdent éloignés l'un expression TERM: Coreference de l'autre dans la phrase. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.latl.unige.ch ) uisticTerms/WhatIsCoreference.htm ) TERM: Coreference Dative case GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax EX: They ate themselves a good lunch DEF: Cas qui, dans les DEF: The case used to indicate indirect TERM: Dative case langues à déclinaisons, object; reference; after certain compound sert à marquer le and other verbs. complément d'attribution. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ( zeus.inalf.fr DATIF ) eb/glossary.html ) TERM: Datif Declension French : DEF: [P. oppos. à la conjugaison, paradigme GENERAL des formes verbales] Morpho-syntax Action d'énoncer selon un DEF: System of noun and adjective paradigme les formes variables pourvues endings. A given noun belongs to one of English : the five declensions. An adjective may be d'affixes que peuvent TERM: Declension of the first/second declension category, or prendre les différents of the third declension. The declension is constituants d'un recognized from the genitive singular syntagme nominal dans ending: -ae = 1st declension; -i "long" les langues à flexion. ( atilf.atilf.fr DECLINAISON 3. ) TERM: Declinaison Deixis GENERAL English : Morpho-syntax DEF: The use or reference of a deictic French : DEF: Deixis is reference by means of an word. TERM: Deictique expression whose interpretation is relative ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi to the "usually" nition.asp?en=deixis ) EX: The following TERM: Deixis Demonstrative French : DEF: [Selon la grammaire traditionnelle] adjectif, pronom déictique, servant à " montrer ", comme avec un geste d'indication les êtres ou les objets impliqués dans le discours, ou simplement à English : noter que l'être ou l'objet GENERAL DEF: A word that points out dont on parle est connu Morpho-syntax something. parce qu'il en a déjà été ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_ question, ou parce que, GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective Web/glossary.html ) pour diverses raisons, il GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun EX: That book est présent à l'esprit du TERM: Demonstrative destinataire; [selon la grammaire structurale et générative] déterminant de même nature que l'article, commutable avec lui, ou bien préarticle qui, en structure profonde, est suivi d'un article défini ( d'apr. Ling.1972 ) TERM: Demonstratif Derivation GENERAL Morpho-syntax French : GENERIC CONCEPT : Flexion DEF: Procédé qui consiste à former de nouveaux DEF: Derivation is the formation of a new mots en modifiant le word or inflectable stem from another English : morphème par rapport à la word or stem. It typically occurs by the EX: Kindness is derived from kind base. addition of an affix.The derived word is TERM: Derivation ( www.atilf.fr often of a different word class from the DERIVATION GRAMM. original. It may thus take the inflectional 2.b ) affixes of the new word class. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing TERM: Derivation uisticTerms/WhatIsDerivation.htm ) Determiner French : GENERAL DEF: Mot précédant le Morpho-syntax substantif, de même genre et de même nombre que DEF: A determiner is a word or affix that English : lui, qui le caractérise, en belongs to a class of noun modifiers that EX: All these houses expresses the reference, including précise la valeur dans la TERM: Determiner quantity, of a noun. phrase. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( zeus.inalf.fr uisticTerms/WhatIsADeterminer.htm ) DETERMINANT ) TERM: Determinant Direct object GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax DEF: A direct object is a grammatical DEF: A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase relation that exhibits a combination of TERM: Complément whose referent receives the direct action certain independent syntactic of a verb. properties, such as the following: - The d'objet direct ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit usual grammatical characteristics of the ion.asp?en=direct+object ) patient of typically transitive verbs - A particular case marking - A particular clause position - The conditioning of an agreement affix on the verb - The capability of becoming the clause subject in passivization - The capability of reflexivization ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLi nguisticTerms/WhatIsADirectObject.ht m ) EX: A book is the direct object in the sentence They bought Anne a book TERM: Direct object Ditransitive French : DEF: verbe admettant GENERAL deux compléments (un c. Morpho-syntax direct et un c. indirect) : DEF: Ditransitivity (or Bitransitivity) is a English : he gave her a present et en term which describes a verb or clause TERM: Ditransitive anglais ayant donc deux which takes two objects. constructions passives. on ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing dit aussi ditransitif uisticTerms/WhatIsDitransitivity.htm ) ( www.univ- nancy2.fr/ANGLAIS/cour s/GR%203/glossaire.htm ) TERM: Bitransitif Elative case Hung arian : EX: "ház English : bÓl" DEF: A locative grammatical case Estonian : - which carries the basic meaning of "out EX: "out "majast" - of of". Finnish : "out of the hous ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elative_case EX: "talosta" - "out of the GENERAL house, from e" In ) house, from house" In Morpho-syntax house", in Hung EXPL: Elative is one of the six locative Finnish elative is typically Estonian - arian cases which as their basic meaning formed by adding "sta/stä" correspond to locational prepositions in "st" to the a English genitive suffix stem. "bÓl/ TERM: Elative case bol" is used for elativ e. Elision GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax DEF: The omission of a syllable or DEF: Elision is the omission of sounds, vowel at the beginning or end of a TERM: Elision syllables, or words in spoken or written word, esp. when a word ending with a discourse. vowel is next to one beginning with a ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing vowel uisticTerms/WhatIsElision.htm ) ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi nition.asp?en=elision ) EX: cats 'n dogs = 'cats and dogs' TERM: Elision Endophara GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: Endophora is coreference of an English : expression with another expression either EX: If you need one, there's a towel in French : before it or after it. One expression the top drawer TERM: Endophore provides the information necessary to TERM: Endophara interpret the other. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsEndophora.htm ) Ergative case GENERAL English : French : Basque : Morpho-syntax EXPL: Ergative case is used in Basque; DEF: [Dans certaines EX: Gizona DEF: Assigned to the subject of a Samoan and many other Oceanic lang. flexionnelles comme etorri da. transitive verb as opposed to absolutive languages; virtually all Caucasian le basque] Cas exprimant "The man case which is assigned to the subject of an languages (Abkhaz, Chechen, etc.); the l'agent du procès. has intransitive verb and the object of a various Inuit dialects (Inupiaq, ( www.atilf.fr Ergatif arrived." transitive verb. Inuktitut, etc.) Gramm. ) Gizonak ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case mutila ikusi TERM: Ergative case TERM: Ergatif ) du. "The man saw the boy." In Basque, gizon is "man", mutil is "boy", and a suffix -a is "the". Notice that gizon is different depending on whether it is the subject of a transitive or intransitive verb The first form is the absolutive case and the second form is the ergative case. Essive Finnish : EX: In the Finnish language, this case is marked by adding "na" to the genitive stem of the English : noun, but with strong DEF: Carries the meaning of a consonant gradation. temporary state of being, often "lapsi" "child", "lapsena" GENERAL "as a child", "when (I) equivalent to the English "as a ..." Morpho-syntax ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essive_case was a child". In Finnish, ) essive case is also used for specifying days and dates TERM: Essive when something happens. For example: "maanantaina" "on monday", "kuudentena joulukuuta" "on the 6th of December". Etymology French : DEF: Science qui a pour GENERAL objet la recherche de Morpho-syntax l'origine des mots en DEF: Etymology is the study of the English : suivant leur évolution à origins and history of the form and TERM: Etymology partir de l'état le plus meaning of words. anciennement attesté. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing Science qui a pour objet la uisticTerms/WhatIsEtymology.htm ) recherche de l'origine des mots en suivant leur évolution à partir de l'état le plus anciennement attesté. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, ETYMOLOGIE, A ) TERM: Etymologie Event GENERAL English : Morpho-syntax DEF: Anything that takes place or DEF: An event is a kind of information in happens, esp. something important; discourse that... - actually occurs, - is French : happening; incident. overt , and - occurs at the now point on ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi TERM: Evenement the time line. nition.asp?en=event ) ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing TERM: Event uisticTerms/WhatIsAnEvent.htm ) Expletive English : DEF: - An exclamation or swearword; an oath or a sound expressing an GENERAL emotional reaction rather than any Morpho-syntax particular meaning. - Any syllable, DEF: A word which serves no word, or phrase conveying no French : grammatical function, but which fills up a independent meaning, esp. one inserted TERM: Juron sentence or gives emphasis. in a line of verse for the sake of the ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W metre. eb/glossary.html ) ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi nition.asp?en=expletive ) EX: Wowee !!! TERM: Expletive Feminine Deut Spanish : ch : EX: Here EX: are some Ger GENERAL English : examples of man Morpho-syntax DEF: Denoting or belonging to a words that Zeit DEF: Feminine gender is a grammatical gender of nouns, occurring in many have ``tim gender that : - marks nouns that have inflected languages, that includes all French : feminine e'' human or animal female referents, and - kinds of referents as well as some TERM: Feminin gender: - la and often marks nouns that have referents that female animate referents mujer 'the Ehe do not carry distinctions of sex. ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi woman' - la ``ma ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing nition.asp?en=feminine ) gallina 'the rriag uisticTerms/WhatIsFeminineGender.htm ) TERM: Feminine hen' - la e'' mesa 'the are table' femin ines Finite English : GENERAL DEF: Denoting any form or occurrence Morpho-syntax of a verb inflected for grammatical DEF: Descriptive of a verb form that is features such as person, number,and French : limited according to person and number. tense. TERM: Fini Cf. infinitive. ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W nition.asp?en=finite ->4 ) eb/glossary.html ) TERM: Finite First French : DEF: En s'impliquant soi- même dans une action, un récit. Tout fait psychologique est, au contraire, un événement à GENERAL English : la première personne et ne Morpho-syntax DEF: a grammatical category of peut être formulé qu'à la DEF: First person deixis is deictic pronouns and verbs used by the speaker première personne. Il est reference that refers to - the speaker, or - to refer to or talk about himself, either inséparable d'une histoire, both the speaker and referents grouped alone (first person singular) or together à d'une affirmation, d'une with the speaker with others (first person plural) signification et d'une ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi valorisation personnelles uisticTerms/WhatIsFirstPersonDeixis.htm nition.asp?en=first+person ) (MOUNIER, Traité ) TERM: First caract., à 1946, p.45). ( www.atilf.fr PREMIERE PERSONNE Gramm. ) TERM: Première personne Flexion French : DEF: [Dans certaines GENERAL English : langues] Changement
Morpho-syntax TERM: Flexion morphologique dans la finale d'un mot (nom, pronom, participe, adjectif) selon la fonction qu'il occupe dans la phrase ou dans la proposition, par l'adjonction d'un affixe ou désinence au radical ou au thème. ( www.atilf.fr FLEXION II. Gramm. A ) DEF: Ensemble des formes fléchies d'un mot (nom, pronom ou verbe) variant selon le cas, le genre, le nombre et la personne. ( www.atilf.fr FLEXION II. Gramm. B ) TERM: Flexion Focus GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: Focus is a term that refers to information, in a sentence, that - is new - English : is of high communicative interest - is EX: It was math that gave him trouble marked by stress - typically occurs late in TERM: Focus the sentence, and - complements the presupposed information typically presented early in the sentence. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsFocus.htm ) Futur French : DEF: Temps de l'indicatif GENERAL situant le procès dans Morpho-syntax l'avenir par rapport au English : DEF: A verb tense that indicates action or moment de la parole ou EX: I will praise state of being in the future. The future par rapport à un moment corresponds to two English tenses. TERM: Futur pris comme repère. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, eb/glossary.html ) FUTUR, II.A, 2 ) TERM: Futur Futur perfect English : GENERAL DEF: Denoting a tense of verbs Morpho-syntax describing an action that will have been DEF: A verb tense that refers to an action performed by a certain time. In English or state of being completed in the future. this is formed with will have or shall French :
Its translation into English requires the have plus the past participle. TERM: Futur proche use of the auxiliary verbs will/shall have. ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W nition.asp?en=future+perfect ) eb/glossary.html ) EX: We shall have praised TERM: Futur perfect Gender French : GENERAL English : DEF: Forme donnée au Morpho-syntax VALUE : Neuter pronom, adjectif, ou VALUE : Masculine TERM: Gender participe passé, correspondant au genre du VALUE : Feminine nom representé VALUE : Neuter ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, DEF: Catégorie reposant, selon les 1.GENRE, subst. masc., langues et les systèmes, sur la distinction Gramm ) naturelle entre les sexes ou sur des EX: La chien : incorrect critères formels. Genre naturel, TERM: Genre grammatical; genre animé, inanimé; genre féminin, masculin, neutre; genre épicène; adjectif, substantif des deux genres. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, GENRE, d, gramm ) Genitive case French : DEF: Cas des langues à déclinaison exprimant, English : dans un syntagme GENERAL EXPL: Hardly any English nouns nominal, une relation de Morpho-syntax decline, but the genitive case is subordination du premier DEF: The case used to indicate indicated by the endings 's (belonging terme par rapport au possession; partitive; objective; to one) and s' (belonging to more than second; il ,,peut, dans subjective. It is most often translated with one) in such phrases as the dog's bone, certaines langues, assumer the English preposition of. the cats' litter box. la fonction d'autres cas ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W EX: The brick of the wall eb/glossary.html ) comme l'ablatif "ainsi le TERM: Genitive case génitif grec" ( www.atilf.fr GENITIF ) TERM: Genitif Gerundive English : GENERAL DEF: a noun formed from a verb, Morpho-syntax denoting an action or state. In English, the gerund, like the present participle, DEF: an adjective formed from a verb, French : expressing the desirability of the activity is formed in -ing TERM: Gerondif denoted by the verb ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit nition.asp?en=gerund ) ion.asp?en=gerundive) ) EX: the living is easy TERM: Gerundive Grammatical function French : DEF: Le terme de fonction désigne, dans l'analyse grammaticale traditionnelle, le rôle joué par un terme dans la structure grammaticale d'une phrase; on oppose GENERAL English : ainsi la fonction Morpho-syntax TERM: Grammatical function (syntaxique) d'un terme à sa nature (morphologique). ( fr.encyclopedia.yahoo.co m/articles/na/na_2508_p0. html ) EX: Dans l'âne mange du son, la nature de âne est "nom commun", et sa fonction est "sujet" du verbe mange. TERM: Fonction grammaticale Have French : GENERAL DEF: Emploi trans. Être Morpho-syntax en relation (concrète ou DEF: An auxiliary verb is a verb which abstraite, permanente ou accompanies the lexical verb of a verb occasionnelle) avec phrase, and expresses grammatical English : quelqu'un ou quelque distinctions not carried by the lexical EX: I have a car chose. [Le suj. désigne verb, such as : person,number, tense, TERM: Have une pers., l'obj. désigne aspect, and voice. soit une chose concr. ou ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing abstr., soit une pers. dont uisticTerms/WhatIsAnAuxiliaryVerb.htm on peut disposer] ) ( www.atilf.fr AVOIR ) TERM: Avoir Homographe GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax English : DEF: Dont la graphie est DEF: A homograph is word that has the EX: bow, the front part of a ship || bow, identique à celle d'un autre same spelling as another. Homographs to bend || bow, a decorative knot mot. Cette différenciation differ from each other in - meaning - des homographes en TERM: Homographe origin, and - sometimes pronunciation. Syntol est complétée par ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing une élimination de tous les uisticTerms/WhatIsAHomograph.htm ) synonymes, du moins au niveau des monèmes ( www.atilf.fr HOMOGRAPHE COYAUD, Introd. ét. lang. docum., 1966, p. 45 ) TERM: Homographe Homonym GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Qui a une DEF: Here are three senses of homonym. prononciation et/ou une - A word that has the same pronunciation English : graphie identique à celle as another. Homonyms differ from each EX: two and too d'un autre mais un signifié other in * meaning * origin, and * usually TERM: Homonym différent. spelling ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing HOMONYME ) uisticTerms//WhatIsAHomonym.htm ) TERM: Homonyme Homophone French : GENERAL English : DEF: [En parlant d'unités Morpho-syntax DEF: [En parlant d'unités ou de ou de groupements DEF: A homophone is - a group of two or groupements graphiques "signe, graphiques (signe, syllabe, more letters representing the same speech syllabe, mot, phrase" mot, phrase)] De sound, or - a homonym. EX: The letter "c" in city and the letter prononciation identique. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing "s" in song ( www.atilf.fr uisticTerms//WhatIsAHomophone.htm ) TERM: Homophone HOMOPHONE ) TERM: Homophone Illative case English : DEF: A locative grammatical case which carries the basic meaning of "into". Hungarian : ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illative_case EX: "házba" - "into GENERAL ) house" In Hungarian Morpho-syntax EXPL: Illative is one of the six locative suffix "ba/be" is used for cases which as their basic meaning illative. correspond to locational prepositions in English TERM: Illative case Imperative French : DEF: Mode impératif, subst. masc. Mode GENERAL exprimant un ordre, une Morpho-syntax défense ou un souhait, DEF: A verb mood used to express direct English : caractérisé en français par command. In English, the implied subject EX: Do this une formation propre au "you" is never expressed. TERM: Imperative présent et au passé avec ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W conjugaison à la deuxième eb/glossary.html ) personne du singulier, à la première et à la deuxième personne du pluriel ( www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, IDIOME, A.Gramm ) TERM: Imperatif Imperfect French : DEF: Temps simple de l'indicatif, exprimant GENERAL notamment qu'une action Morpho-syntax s'est déroulée ou répétée DEF: A verb tense that refers to action in pendant une certaine English : the past that is incomplete or ongoing. It période dans un passé réel EX: She was praising is translated into English with the ou imaginaire, qu'elle a été auxiliary was, were, or alternatively with TERM: Imperfect concomitante ou other formulae. antérieure à une autre ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W action passée. eb/glossary.html ) ( www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, IMPARFAIT ) TERM: Imparfait Imperfective aspect GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : GENERIC CONCEPT : Aspect EX: Here are some examples of DEF: Imperfective aspect is an aspect that imperfective aspect: Progressive aspect expresses an event or state, with respect to Example: be + -ing Habitual aspect its internal structure, instead of expressing with Example: used to it as a simple whole. TERM: Imperfective aspect ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsImperfectiveAspectht m ) Impersonal French : DEF: Qui exprime une action sans relation avec un sujet déterminé. Tour impersonnel, construction impersonnelle. Mode impersonnel. Mode du English : GENERAL verbe (infinitif, participe, DEF: An impersonal verb is a verb that Morpho-syntax gérondif) qui ne comporte - occurs only in third person singular DEF: (of a verb) having no logical pas de flexion indiquant la forms - has no specified agent , and - subject. Usually in English the pronoun it personne. Verbe has a dummy subject or no subject. is used in such cases as a grammatical impersonnel. Verbe qui ne ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLi subject, as for example in It is raining. (of s'emploie qu'à l'infinitif et nguisticTerms/WhatIsAnImpersonalVe a pronoun) not denoting a person à la troisième personne du rb.htm ) ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit singulier précédé du ion.asp?en=impersonal ) TERM: Impersonal pronom neutre il, lequel n'a pas de contenu sémantique. ( www.atilf.fr IMPERSONNEL Gramm. ) TERM: Impersonnel Indicative GENERAL French : English : Morpho-syntax DEF: Indicatif ou mode EX: English is a good thing DEF: A verb mood. The indicative mood indicatif. ,,Système de indicates a fact "as opposed to an order or TERM: Indicative formes verbales a condition contrary to fact" formellement non- marquées quant au mode, dont l'emploi convient pour présenter le signifié d'un verbe comme purement assertif, ou neutre quant à l'attitude du locuteur envers ce qu'il est en train de dire ( MOUNIN 1974 ) TERM: Indicatif Indirect object English : DEF: An indirect object is a grammatical relation that is one means of expressing the semantic role of goal GENERAL and other similar roles. It is proposed Morpho-syntax for languages in which the role is French : DEF: A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase distinct from the direct object and the indicating the recipient or beneficiary of oblique object on the basis of multiple TERM: Complément the action of a verb and its direct object independent syntactic or morphological d'objet indirect ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit criteria, such as the following: - Having ion.asp?en=indirect%20object ) a particular case marking, commonly dative - Governing an agreement affix on the verb, such as person or number - Being distinct from oblique relations in that it may be relativized ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLi nguisticTerms/WhatIsAnIndirectObject .htm ) EX: John in the sentence I bought John a newspaper TERM: Indirect object Inessive case Hung arian : EX: "ház ban" English : Estonian : - "in DEF: A locative grammatical case EX: the which carries the basic meaning of "in". Finnish : "majas" - hous ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inessive_cas EX: "talo" (house) "in the e" In GENERAL e ) "talossa" meaning "in the house" in Hung Morpho-syntax EXPL: Inessive is one of the six house" In Finnish Estonian - arian locative cases which as their basic typically formed by adding by adding a meaning correspond to locational "ssa/ssä" "s" to the suffix prepositions in English genitive "ban/ TERM: Inessive case stem. ben" is used for iness ive. Infinitive French : DEF: Forme nominale English : dont la fonction essentielle EXPL: The English dictionary entry is est d'énoncer purement et simply praise, v.t.. The "v.t. (verb simplement le procès GENERAL transitive) part is important, because it exprimé par le verbe. En Morpho-syntax distinguishes the verb to praise from tant que terme nominal, DEF: A verb form that is not limited the noun praise, as in "I like lots of l'infinitif peut être "ergo, "infinite"" excessive praise." substantivé "le manger, le EX: To praise boire" TERM: Infinitive ( www.atilf.fr INFINITIF ) TERM: Infinitif Infix English : GENERAL DEF: An affix inserted into the middle Morpho-syntax of a word. GENERIC CONCEPT : Affix ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi DEF: An infix is an affix that is inserted nition.asp?en=infix ) within a root.or stem. EX: - bili: root 'buy'/-um- : infix 'AGT' ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing /bumili: word 'bought' uisticTerms/WhatIsAnInfix.htm ) TERM: Infix Inflection English : French : GENERAL DEF: A change in the form of a word, DEF: Élément variable à Morpho-syntax usually modification or affixation, la finale d'un mot, qui, GENERIC CONCEPT : Flexion signalling change in such grammatical ajouté au radical (ou au thème de flexion), sert à DEF: Inflection is variation in the form of functions as tense, voice, mood, person, marquer chacune des a word, typically by means of an affix, gender, number, or case. formes verbales (dont that expresses a grammatical contrast ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi l'ensemble constitue la which is obligatory for the stem's word nition.asp?en=inflection ) conjugaison) ou class in some given grammatical context. EX: Tend to be regular and productive, nominales (dont In contrast to derivation, inflection : - in comparison to derivational l'ensemble constitue la does not result in a change of word class, operations, and tend to occur in déclinaison ou la flexion). and - usually produces a predictable, paradigms ( www.atilf.fr nonidiosyncratic change of meaning. TERM: Inflection DESINANCE 1.A ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing GRAMM. ) uisticTerms/WhatIsInflection.htm ) TERM: Désinance Instructive Finnish : EX: Characteristic ending -n Comparatively rarely English : used case, though it is DEF: Carries the basic meaning of "by found in some commonly used expressions, such as GENERAL means of". "omin silmin" "with my Morpho-syntax ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructive_ case ) own eyes". Also used with Finnish verbal second TERM: Instructive infinitives to mean "by ...ing", for example "lentäen" "by flying", "by air". Intensive French : GENERAL DEF: Qui renforce la Morpho-syntax notion exprimée par un English : DEF: A word used to intensify a noun or mot ou un radical. Verbe, EX: themselves pronun, translated into English with the adverbe, préfixe intensif. suffix -self. TERM: Intensive Subst. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ( zeus.inalf.fr INTENSIF ) eb/glossary.html ) TERM: Intensif Interjection French : DEF: Terme qu'on GENERAL emploie seul ou qu'on insère dans l'énoncé pour Morpho-syntax English : DEF: A word or sound that expresses an exprimer un sentiment ou EX: D'hoo !!! emotion. une sensation, un ordre ou TERM: Interjection ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W une défense. eb/glossary.html ) ( zeus.inalf.fr INTERJECTION ) TERM: Interjection Interrogative GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Denoting or belonging to a class DEF: Qui sert à interroger. DEF: An interrogative mood is an of words, such as which and whom, Adjectif, adverbe, epistemic mood that signals that the that are determiners, adjectives, or pronom, terme speaker wishes to elicit information pronouns and serve to question which interrogatif; phrase, concerning the content of his or her individual referent or referents are proposition interrogative. utterance from the addressee. intended Tous ces soi-disants ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi modes optatif, impératif, uisticTerms/WhatIsInterrogativeMood.ht nition.asp?en=interrogative ) interrogatif, dubitatif, ne m ) TERM: Interrogative sont que des locutions abrégées (DESTUTT DE TR., Idéol. 2, 1803, p. 197)Les interrogatifs sont des pronoms, des adjectifs ou des adverbes qui indiquent que l'on pose une question (Ling. 1972). ( www.atilf.fr INTERROGATIF B. ) TERM: Interrogatif Intransitive French : DEF: Qui exprime un état, une action et qui n'a GENERAL jamais de complément Morpho-syntax d'objet parce que ne DEF: Refers to a verb that does not take a English : faisant jamais passer direct object; that is, to a verb that does EX: They fall l'action accomplie par le not express an action which directly TERM: Intransitive sujet sur aucun affects another person or thing. complément d'objet ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ( d'apr. DAGN. 1965 eb/glossary.html ) www.atilf.fr INTRANSITIF ) TERM: Intransitif Lemma French : DEF: Forme graphique GENERAL English : choisie Morpho-syntax EX: A pronoun. For example, the conventionnellement DEF: A word considered as its citation lemma go consists of go together with comme adresse dans un form together with all the inflected forms. goes, going, went, and gone. lexique. ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit TERM: Lemma ( www.atilf.fr LEMME ion.asp?en=lemma ) b. ) TERM: Lemme Lexeme GENERAL Morpho-syntax French : DEF: A lexeme is the minimal unit of DEF: Unité minimale de language which : - has a semantic signification appartenant interpretation and - embodies a distinct English : au lexique. cultural concept. It is made up of one or TERM: Lexeme ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, more form-meaning composites called LEXEME ) lexical units. TERM: Lexeme ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsALexeme.htm ) Locative case GENERAL English : French : Russian : Morpho-syntax DEF: Corresponds vaguely to the DEF: Les propositions EX: On DEF: Indicates a final location of action preposition "in", "at", or "by" of subordonnées « locatives chital v or a time of the action. English. » sont essentiellement des komnate. ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_ca relatives sans antécédent, (This is ) se ) introduites par où ou par Cyrilic)He EXPL: The locative case is found in là où (Lar. Lang. fr., s.v. read-past some classical Indo-European lieu). En partic. (Cas) in room- languages, particularly Sanskrit and locatif et, locatif, subst. loc. 'He Latin. It is in common use in Slavic masc. sing. Cas (dans les was languages, in which it is called the langues à déclinaisons) ou reading in prepositional case. It is still found in son équivalent (mot, the room.' uncommon, archaic or literary use in groupe de mots dans les certain modern Indian languages (such autres langues) indiquant as Marathi in which a separate ablative le lieu, parfois le temps où case has however disappeared). It is se situe l'action. still in common use in Baltic languages. ( www.atilf.fr 2.LOCATIF TERM: Locative case 1. ) TERM: Locatif Macron French : DEF: élément indicateur. - GENERAL Marqueurs structurels. Morpho-syntax Morphèmes grammaticaux DEF: A mark placed over a long vowel to English : "affixes, désinences, mark quantity. TERM: Macron prépositions, ordre des ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W mots, etc." eb/glossary.html ) ( www.atilf.fr MARQUEUR ) TERM: Marqueur Masculine GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax TERM: Masculine DEF: Genre masculin. Genre grammatical qui, dans une classification en deux genres, s'oppose au féminin et qui, dans une classification en trois genres, s'oppose au féminin et au neutre ( Ling. 1972 ) EX: Oeil TERM: Masculin Mood GENERAL Morpho-syntax French : DEF: En termes de VALUE : Imperative Grammaire, désigne la VALUE : Indicative Manière dont on envisage l'action, suivant qu'on la VALUE : Subjunctive considère comme certaine, VALUE : Infinitive douteuse, probable, etc. English : VALUE : Conditional Mode indicatif, subjonctif, TERM: Mood conditionnel, impératif. Il VALUE : Interrogative se dit aussi des Formes DEF: The mode or manner in which the spéciales qui servent à action of a verb is represented. Latin has indiquer ces différentes three moods: imperative, indicative, and nuances. subjunctive. ( zeus.inalf.fr MODE ) ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W TERM: Mode eb/glossary.html ) Morpheme GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Signe minimal de English : DEF: A morpheme is the smallest nature grammaticale. EX: unladylike meaningful unit in the grammar of a ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, language. TERM: Morpheme MORPHEME, A,1 ) ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing TERM: Morpheme uisticTerms/WhatIsAMorpheme.htm ) Neuter French : DEF: Genre neutre. Dans certaines langues à trois genres, genre qui s'oppose au masculin et au féminin par des marques formelles; genre GENERAL English : représentant souvent
Morpho-syntax TERM: Neuter l'inanimé, un nom d'objet "en français, on qualifie de neutres des pronoms tels que rien, quelque chose, tout, quoi qui représentent des inanimés" EX: quelque chose TERM: Neutre Nominative case GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax EX: I did it DEF: Cas exprimant la DEF: The case used to indicate the TERM: Nominative case fonction de sujet et subject of a finite verb d'attribut du sujet. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, eb/glossary.html ) 2.NOMINATIF,D.1, a ) TERM: Nominatif Non-finite English : DEF: Verb forms without tense ( www.ucl.ac.uk/internet- GENERAL grammar/verbs/xverb3.htm ) Morpho-syntax EX: En. infinitive It took courage to VALUE : Infinitive continue after the accident.(En. -ing VALUE : Participle form) Leaving home can be very traumatic. En. past participle Leave VALUE : Gerundive immediately when you are asked to do so. TERM: Non-finite Noun French : GENERAL DEF: Mot ou groupe de mots qui sert à désigner Morpho-syntax English : DEF: A word used to express the name of une réalité concrète ou EX: Spiderman a person, place, or thing. See also number, abstraite. TERM: Noun gender, case. A noun has two variables: ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, number and case "gender is given" 1.NOM ) TERM: Nom Number GENERAL Morpho-syntax French : VALUE : Singular DEF: Forme donnée au VALUE : Plural pronom, adjectif, ou DEF: A grammatical category for the participe passé, variation in form of nouns, pronouns, and English : correspondant au nombre any words agreeing with them, depending TERM: Number du nom representé. on how many persons or things are ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, referred to, esp. as singular or plural in NOMBRE ) number and in some languages dual or EX: les trial. TERM: Nombre ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit ion.asp?en=number -> 12 ) Numeral GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Qui indique un nombre ou un rang. Mot, GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective nom numéral; adjectif DEF: A numeral is a word, functioning numéral cardinal*, most typically as an adjective or pronoun, English : ordinal. Il existe that expresses - a number, and - a relation TERM: Numeral également des adjectifs to the number, such as one of the numéraux multiplicatifs, following: * quantity * sequence * comme simple, double, frequency * fraction triple, quadruple, etc. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing (Ling. 1972). uisticTerms/WhatIsANumeral.htm ) ( www.atilf.fr NUMERAL B. ) TERM: Numßral Object French : DEF: Syntagme prépositionnel constituant d'un syntagme verbal comportant déjà un constituant complément d'objet principal, lorsque le noyau de la phrase de base peut subir une transformation passive et le syntagme GENERAL English : prépositionnel une Morpho-syntax transformation de TERM: Object GENERIC CONCEPT : Argument détachement accompagnée de pronominalisation, le pronom ayant la forme oblique à la troisième personne et la forme tonique aux deux premières ( d'apr. J. LE GALLIOT, Description générative et transformationnelle de la lang. fr., Paris, Nathan, 1975, p.96 ) TERM: Objet Order French : DEF: La construction est (...) la première partie de la syntaxe. Elle en est la plus importante, et celle dont l'utilité est la plus universelle; car il n'y a pas une circonstance dans le langage, quel qu'il soit, où il ne faille pour le rendre GENERAL intelligible, établir un Morpho-syntax ordre quelconque entre les DEF: A state in which all components or English : signes qui le composent... elements are arranged logically, TERM: Order DESTUTT DE TR., Idéol. comprehensibly, or naturally 2, 1803, p.171. Dans une ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit langue donnée, quand il ion.asp?en=order ) existe une certaine liberté dans l'ordre des mots, on parle d'ordre grammatical ou ordre canonique pour celui qui est le plus conforme aux règles générales de la langue; d'ordre logique pour celui qui paraît conforme à la démarche supposée de la pensée; d'ordre psychologique pour celui qui résulte de l'état d'esprit de celui qui parle (Ling. 1972). ( www.atilf.fr 1.ORDRE B.1, b) ) TERM: Ordre Ordinal numeral French : DEF: [En parlant d'un adj. numéral] Qui exprime le rang d'un élément dans un GENERAL ensemble. Sauf premier et Morpho-syntax second, les adjectifs GENERIC CONCEPT : Numeral numéraux ordinaux se forment à partir des DEF: An ordinal numeral is a numeral English : numéraux cardinaux par belonging to a class whose members TERM: Ordinal numeral l'adjonction du suffixe - designate positions in a sequence. ième: Huit = huitième. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing Dix = dixième. Cent = uisticTerms/WhatIsAOrdinalNumeral.htm centième (WAGNER- ) PINCHON 1962, p.108). ( www.atilf.fr ORDINAL I.A ) TERM: Ordinal Paradigm French : GENERAL DEF: Ensemble des Morpho-syntax formes que peut prendre DEF: A model or pattern which contains English : un élément "généralement all inflectional variations of a given word. TERM: Paradigm un mot" ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ( www.atilf.fr eb/glossary.html ) PARADIGME ) TERM: Paradigme Participle French : DEF: Adjectif ainsi nommé parce que les grammairiens anciens le GENERAL considéraient comme Morpho-syntax participant d'une part de la DEF: A verbal adjective. Participles have English : catégorie des noms en ce five variables: as an adjective, they have EX: The screaming person drove us qu'il peut comme l'adjectif number, gender, and case; as a verb, they crazy être fléchi, d'autre part de have tense and voice. TERM: Participle la catégorie des verbes en ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ce qu'il peut eb/glossary.html ) éventuellement exprimer le temps et la voix et être doué de rection ( MAR. Lex. 1951 ) TERM: Participe Particle GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax EX: up (in set up) DEF: Mot-outil très court, DEF: A particle is a word that : - does not TERM: Particle souvent monosyllabique, belong to one of the main classes of invariable (morphème non words - is invariable in form, and - autonome, monème typically has grammatical or pragmatic grammatical) - Mot-outil meaning. servant à modifier le sens ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing d'un mot principal (p.ex. uisticTerms/WhatIsAParticle.htm ) les préfixes) - Mot-outil servant à établir un rapport grammatical entre des mots ou des (membres de) phrases (p.ex. les conjonctions, les adverbes négatifs, les prépositions). Particule de liaison (synon. conjonction de coordination); particule conjonctive, copulative, affirmative, négative, adversative, disjonctive, restrictive. Les mots composés (...) où entre la particule in, négative lorsqu'elle est synonyme de non (BERN. DE ST-P., Harm. nat., 1814, p.270) ( www.atilf.fr 1.PARTICULE ) TERM: Particule Partitive Finnish : EX: In Finnish, partitive case is used in the following circumstan ces, with the fr(Code langue) characterist DEF: Qui exprime ic ending of GENERAL l'opposition de la partie au "a" or "ta": Morpho-syntax English : tout. Adjectif, substantif After DEF: The basic meaning is "partialness". TERM: Partitive partitif; génitif partitif. numbers: ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitive_case ( www.atilf.fr PARTITIF "kolme ) Gramm. ) taloa" TERM: Partitif "three houses" For incomplete actions and ongoing processes: "luen kirjaa" "I'm reading a book" After certain verbs, particularly those indicating emotions: "rakastan tätä taloa" "I love this house" For tentative enquiries: "saanko lainata kirjaa?" "can I borrow the book?" In places where English would use "some" or "any": "onko teillä kirjoja?" "do you have any books?" For negative statements: "talossa ei ole kirjaa" "there is not a book in the house" Part of speech GENERAL Morpho-syntax VALUE : Possessive pronoun VALUE : Possessive noun French : DEF: Catégorie servant à VALUE : Reflexive pronoun English : DEF: Noun, pronoun, verb, preposition, classer les mots du point VALUE : Relative Pronoun adjective, adverb, participle, gerund, de vue du sens et de l'emploi grammatical. VALUE : Noun gerundive, expletive, interjection, conjunction, etc. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, VALUE : Pronoun ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_ PARTIE DU VALUE : Proper noun Web/glossary.html ) DISCOURS ) TERM: Partie du VALUE : Verb frame TERM: Part of speech discours VALUE : Preposition VALUE : Adjective VALUE : Adverb VALUE : Participle VALUE : Gerundive VALUE : Expletive VALUE : Interjection VALUE : Conjugation VALUE : Conjunction VALUE : Coordinating conjunction VALUE : Subordinating conjunction VALUE : Abbreviation VALUE : Symbol VALUE : Residual Passive voice French : DEF: [En parlant d'une forme verbale] Qui GENERAL présente l'action comme English : Morpho-syntax étant subie par le sujet EX: My lunch was eaten by them DEF: A verb voice, in which the subject grammatical au lieu d'être is the recipient of the action of the verb. TERM: Passive voice faite par lui. The agent "if a person" ( www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, 2.PASSIF C.1,a ) TERM: Passif Past French : DEF: Le passé englobe tous les temps qui réfèrent effectivement à une époque révolue par rapport au moment de l'énoncé du locuteur pris comme origine. En français on distingue, d'après leur forme et leur English : signification, un passé GENERAL DEF: denoting any of various tenses of simple ou défini Morpho-syntax verbs that are used in describing (J'attendis), un passé DEF: Past tense is an absolute tense that actions, events, or states that have been composé ou indéfini (J'ai refers to a time before the moment of begun or completed at the time of attendu), un passé utterance. utterance antérieur (J'eus attendu), ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi deux passés du uisticTerms/WhatIsPastTense.htm ) nition.asp?en=past ) conditionnel (J'aurais TERM: Past attendu, J'eusse attendu), un subjonctif passé (Que j'aie attendu), un participe passé (Attendu), un infinitif passé (Avoir attendu), voire un impératif passé (Aie fini d'ici une heure).MOUNIN 1974. ( www.atilf.fr PASSE A.3.b) ) TERM: Passé Past perfect GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: Past perfect tense is an absolute- relative tense that refers to a time in the English : past relative to a reference point, which DEF: denoting a tense of verbs used in itself is in the past relative to the moment relating past events where the action of utterance had already occurred at the time of the ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing action of a main verb that is itself in a uisticTerms/WhatIsPastPerfectTense.htm past tense. In English this is a ) compound tense formed with had plus EX: The ?had + verb? construction the past participle expresses past perfect tense, as in the ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi following sentence: - By that time, nearly nition.asp?en=past+perfect ) everyone had left. The construction had TERM: Past perfect left is in the past relative to that time, which itself is in the past relative to the moment of utterance Perfect GENERAL Morpho-syntax French : DEF: A verb tense that refers to English : DEF: Dans certaines completed action in the past. It EX: She praised langues "en particulier en corresponds to three English tenses. TERM: Perfect grec ancien" ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W TERM: Parfait eb/glossary.html ) Perfective aspect English : DEF: Perfective aspect is an aspect that expresses a temporal view of an event or state as a simple whole, apart from the consideration of the internal structure of the time in which it occurs. GENERAL ( ww.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing Morpho-syntax uisticTerms/WhatIsPerfectiveAspect.ht GENERIC CONCEPT : Aspect m ) EX: He walked there.This type of construction expresses a temporal view of walk distinct from those expressed in the following constructions: - He was walking there. - He used to walk there TERM: Perfective aspect Person
GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Catégorie VALUE : First person grammaticale marquant le VALUE : Second person English : rapport à celui qui parle, à EX: you celui à qui on parle, à VALUE : Third person TERM: Person celui ci) DEF: First, second, or third, indicated in ( www.atilf.fr Latin by a verb ending. 1.PERSONNE ) ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W TERM: Personne eb/glossary.html ) Pluperfect French : GENERAL DEF: Temps composé du Morpho-syntax verbe servant à exprimer DEF: A verb tense taht refers to action or l'aspect accompli et English : state of being completed before some l'antériorité d'une action EX: They had praised other event in the past. Its translation into passée par rapport à une English requres the use of the auxiliariy TERM: Pluperfect autre action passée. verb had. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT ) eb/glossary.html ) TERM: Plus que parfait Plural French : DEF: Terme de Grammaire qui sert à GENERAL marquer qu'il s'agit de Morpho-syntax plusieurs personnes ou de DEF: Catégorie grammaticale traduisant English : plusieurs choses; il est par des marques linguistiques la pluralité TERM: Plural opposé à Singulier. des êtres ou des choses; nombre pluriel. Nombre pluriel. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, PLURIEL, II,a ) Substantif, adjectif pluriel. Terminaison plurielle. ( zeus.inalf.fr PLURIEL ) TERM: Pluriel Possessive GENERAL French : English : Morpho-syntax DEF: Déterminant GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective TERM: Possessive personnel exprimant, entre autres rapports, la DEF: Denoting an inflected form of a possession (ex. mon, ma, noun or pronoun used to convey the idea mes). On doit employer le of possession, association, etc., as my or possessif, non l'article Harry's défini, quand il faut éviter ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit l'équivoque, quand on ion.asp?en=possessive ) parle d'un mal bien connu ou quand le nom est accompagné d'une épithète ou d'un complément. ( www.atilf.fr POSSESSIF ) TERM: Possessif Possessive noun GENERAL Morpho-syntax GENERIC CONCEPT : Noun English : French : DEF: A possessive noun is a noun that expresses possession. TERM: Possessive noun TERM: Nom possessif ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsAPossessiveNoun.htm ) Possessive pronoun GENERAL English : French :
Morpho-syntax TERM: Possessive pronoun DEF: Pronom exprimant GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun entre autres rapports, la possession (ex. le mien, la DEF: A possessive pronoun is a pronoun mienne; les miens, les that expresses ownership and miennes): Les pronoms relationships like ownership, such as - possessifs ne représentent kinship, and - other forms of association. pas toujours des noms ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing précédemment énoncés; uisticTerms/WhatIsAPossessivePronounh Ils prennent parfois par tm ) eux-mêmes le sens d'un nom particulier et désignent : Au masculin pluriel: des parents, des amis. ( www.atilf.fr POSSESSIF ) TERM: Pronom possessif Postposition French : Kore Japa GENERAL DEF: - Place d'un terme an : nese après un autre avec lequel EX: : Morpho-syntax Hungarian : il forme un groupe Kore EX: GENERIC CONCEPT : Adposition EX: English : syntagmatique, lexical. an: Japa Hungarian: DEF: The equivalent of a preposition in TERM: Postposition Anton. antéposition. Hang nese kutya nélkl languages where the preposition appears Postposition du sujet (par uk e : dog without after the noun. rapport au verbe) dans les to doko ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/postposition ) phrases interrogatives. Kore ni Maspéro distingue la règle a whe d'antéposition qui marque re un rapport de déterminant at, à déterminé, et la règle de doko postposition qui marque e un rapport de direction whe (Philos., Relig., 1957, re to p.38-4). - Dans certaines langues, morphème ou particule invariable placé(e) après ou à la fin du terme qu'il régit. Anton. préposition. Les mots latins causa et gratia sont des postpositions qui suivent le nom au génitif qu'elles régissent (Ling. 1972). ( www.atilf.fr 1.POSTPOSITION ) TERM: Postposition Predicate French : GENERAL DEF: En un sens (...) Morpho-syntax restreint, le mot désigne DEF: The verb and the part of the English : spécialement le prédicat sentence that comes after the verb. TERM: Predicate de la phrase nominale, ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W composé éventuellement eb/glossary.html ) d'un verbe attributif et de son attribut (le jour paraît long...). En un sens plus restreint encore (...), il désigne l'attribut à l'exclusion du verbe attributif (long dans l'exemple qui précède)`` (MAR. Lex. 1933, p.149). ( www.atilf.fr PREDICAT ) TERM: Predicat Predicate adjective English : DEF: The part of a sentence in which GENERAL something is asserted or denied of the Morpho-syntax subject of a sentence; one of the two French :
DEF: An adjective that follows a linking major components of a sentence, the TERM: Adjectif prédicat verb "e.g. is, seems" other being the subject. "as modifier" EX: The man is tall TERM: Predicate adjective Predicat pronoun GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun French : EX: Quintus is a farmer TERM: Pronom prédicat DEF: A noun or pronoun which follows a TERM: Predicat pronoun linking verb and which is the same as the subject. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W eb/glossary.html ) Predicative adjective French : DEF: Fonction grammaticale d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif relié à English : un substantif par le verbe DEF: A predicate adjective is an GENERAL être ou un verbe adjective that is used to predicate an Morpho-syntax équivalent (dit " verbe attribute of the subject. GENERIC CONCEPT : Grammatical attributif ") ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLi ( atilf.inalf.fr/ function nguisticTerms/WhatIsAPredicateAdject ATTRIBUT ) ive.htm ) DEF: A predicative adjective comes after EX: Malade dans Il est EX: Here are some examples of a copula verb and not before a noun malade, Il devient malade, predicate adjectives: - Roses are red. ( www.usingenglish.com/glossary/predica est un attribut. Il y aussi Noses often become red. tive-adjective.html ) des attributs de TERM: Predicative adjective compléments d'objet. Dans Je le crois riche, Riche est l'attribut de le. TERM: Attribut Prefix GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Affixe placé à English : l'initiale d'une unité GENERIC CONCEPT : Affix TERM: Prefix lexicale, précédant le DEF: A prefix is an affix that is joined radical "p.ex. défaire" before a root or stem. ( www.atilf.fr AFFIXE ) ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing TERM: Prefixe uisticTerms/WhatIsAPrefix.htm ) Preposition French : DEF: Partie du discours GENERAL invariable qui, placée Morpho-syntax devant un élément à GENERIC CONCEPT : Adposition valeur nominale subst. English : pour Pierre; pron. pour lui; DEF: A word placed before a noun or adv. pour aujourd'hui, pronoun which is used to indicate EX: into the woods syntagme inf. pour le position, direction, time, or some other TERM: Preposition retrouver; prop. conj. pour abstract relation. qu'elle retrouve" ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ( www.atilf.fr eb/glossary.html ) PREPOSITION ) TERM: Preposition Present GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Cette fraction de la durée en tant que l'on y DEF: A verb tense that indicates action or English : state of being in the present. The Latin situe l'action ou l'état EX: He praises present tense corresponds to three English exprimés par le verbe. Le TERM: Present tenses. présent, dans le discours ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W ( www.atilf.fr PRESENT ) eb/glossary.html ) TERM: Present Prolative GENERAL English : Finnish : Morpho-syntax DEF: Has the basic meaning of "by EXPL: In Finnish way of". prolative case is only ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolative_ca found in a few "fossilised" se ) forms but it is alive and EX: The most used Finnish examples well known in Estonian are "postitse" "by post", "puhelimitse" - > "by phone", and "meritse" -> "by sea". TERM: Prolative Pronominal fr(Code langue) GENERAL DEF: Verbe qui se Morpho-syntax conjugue avec un pronom EXPL: The term pronominal is also used personnel de la même personne que le sujet ce as an adjective to mean "of, constituting, English : or resembling a pronoun." qui entraîne l'emploi de TERM: Pronominal DEF: A pronominal is a phrase that l'auxiliaire être aux temps functions as a pronoun composés. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.atilf.fr uisticTerms/WhatIsAPronominal.htm ) PRONOMINAL B. ) TERM: Pronominal Pronoun GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax English : DEF: Terme de DEF: A word used in place of a noun. A EX: She Grammaire. Celle des pronoun agrees with its antecedent in TERM: Pronoun parties du discours qui number, gender, and case. A pronoun has tient ou qui est censée three variables: number, gender, and case. tenir la place du nom. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W Pronom personnel. eb/glossary.html ) Pronom démonstratif. Pronom relatif. Moi, toi, lui, eux, etc., sont des pronoms personnels. ( zeus.inalf.fr PRONOM ) TERM: Pronom Proper noun GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : DEF: A proper noun is a noun that is the French : name of a specific individual, place, or EX: New York city TERM: nom propre object. TERM: Proper noun ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsAProperNoun.htm ) Punctuation GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: Punctuation marks are (perhaps surprisingly) treated here as a part of morphosyntactic annotation, as it is very English : common for punctuation marks to be TERM: Punctuation tagged and to be treated as equivalent to words for the purposes of automatic tag assignment ( www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/nod e16.html#cmobli ) Qualifier French : DEF: Élément caractérisant qui, placé à côté d'un élément GENERAL générique ou d'un Morpho-syntax appellatif exprime une GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective qualité, une manière d'être DEF: Also called MODIFIER : A word or physique ou morale de la phrase that qualifies the sense of another English : personne, de l'animal, ou word; for example, the noun alarm is a TERM: Qualifier de la chose représentée modifier of clock in alarm clock and the par le nom (qui se trouve phrase every day is an adverbial modifier ainsi qualifié) (d'apr. G. of walks in he walks every day MAUGER, Gramm. prat. ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit du fr. d'auj., Paris, ion.asp?en=modifier ) Hachette, 1968, p. 31). ( www.atilf.fr QUALIFICATIF I.B. ) TERM: Qualificatif Referent French : GENERAL DEF: Ce à quoi le signe Morpho-syntax linguistique renvoie soit DEF: A referent is the concrete object or English : dans la réalité extra- concept that an expression represents. TERM: Referent linguistique ou univers ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing réel, soit dans un univers uisticTerms/WhatIsAReferent.htm ) imaginaire ( Lang. 1973 ) TERM: Referent Reflexive adjective GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective EX: The groundhog saw his own French :
DEF: An adjective that refers to the shadow TERM: Adjectif Reflechi subject of the sentence. TERM: Reflexive adjective ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W eb/glossary.html ) Reflexive pronoun GENERAL Morpho-syntax French : GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun DEF: Pronom personnel English : représentant en fonction DEF: A pronoun that refers to he subject de complément direct ou of the sentence, translated into English TERM: Reflexive pronoun indirect" with the suffix -self, -selves. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W TERM: Pronom Reflechi eb/glossary.html ) Relative pronoun GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun French : EX: The man whom we saw is tall DEF: A pronoun which introduces a TERM: Pronom Relatif relative clause. The relative pronoun TERM: Relative pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number and gender, while its case comes from its use in its own clause. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W eb/glossary.html ) Reported mood GENERAL English :
Morpho-syntax TERM: Reported mood Residual English : DEF: The residual value is assigned to classes of textword which lie outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, although they occur quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some. For GENERAL example: foreign words, or
Morpho-syntax mathematical formulae. It can be argued that these are on the fringes of the grammar or lexicon of the language in which the text is written. Nevertheless, they need to be tagged. ( www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/n ode16.html#cmobli ) TERM: Residual Root French : GENERAL English : DEF: Elle désigne, en Morpho-syntax EX: Establishment termes de Grammaire, un TERM: Root Mot primitif, d'oÙ dérivent d'autres mots. Le mot Front en français est la racine des mots Frontal, Frontière, Frontispice, Affronter, Effronté, etc... Aujourd'hui, dans l'usage des grammairiens, il désigne plutot le Monosyllabe ou le dissyllabe auquel on arrive quand on dépouille un mot des préfixes, des suffixes et des flexions. ( zeus.inalf.fr RACINE ) TERM: Racine Second person French : GENERAL English : DEF: La deuxième Morpho-syntax DEF: a grammatical category of personne (tu, toi, te, ton) DEF: Second person deixis is deictic pronouns and verbs used when renvoie à l'interlocuteur reference to a person or persons identified referring to or describing the individual ( www.atilf.fr as addressee. or individuals being addressed DEUXIEME PERSONNE ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi Gramm. ) nition.asp?en=second+person ) uisticTerms/WhatIsSecondPersonDeixisht TERM: Deuxième m ) TERM: Second person personne Semantic role GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: A semantic role is the underlying English : French : relationship that a participant has with the TERM: Semantic role TERM: Role sémantique main verb in a clause. Also known as: Semantic case, thematic role, theta role "generative grammar" Sentence French : DEF: Assemblage de mots, grammaticalement cohérent, marqué par une intonation ou une mélodie GENERAL English : spécifique, encadré de Morpho-syntax DEF: A sentence is a grammatical unit pauses (à l'écrit, de signes DEF: A sequence of words capable of that is composed of one or more de ponctuation forte: standing alone to make an assertion, ask a clauses. point, point question, or give a command, usually ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLi d'interrogation, point consisting of a subject and a predicate nguisticTerms/WhatIsASentence.htm ) d'exclamation), que le containing a finite verb. EX: I am reading a book locuteur considère comme ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit TERM: Sentence produisant un sens ion.asp?en=sentence ) complet (assertif, interrogatif ou injonctif). ( www.atilf.fr PHRASE B. ) TERM: Phrase Singular GENERAL English : French : Morpho-syntax EX: eat DEF: Catégorie DEF: En termes de Grammaire, Nombre TERM: Singular grammaticale traduisant la singulier ou substantivement Singulier, singularité dans les noms par opposition à Pluriel, Nombre qui ne comptables "table opposé marque qu'une seule personne, qu'une à tables" seule chose. TERM: Singulier ( zeus.inalf.fr SINGULIER ) Stem GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: A stem is the root or roots of a English : word, together with any derivational EX: The verbs tie and untie are both French : affixes, to which inflectional affixes are stems TERM: Stem added. TERM: Stem ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsAStem.htm ) Subject GENERAL English : Morpho-syntax DEF: The noun or pronoun that, with GENERIC CONCEPT : Argument all of its modifiers, immediately DEF: A word, phrase, or formal precedes the verb. He Is defined French : expression about which something is entierely in terms of position. predicated or stated in a sentence; for ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_ TERM: Sujet example, the cat in the sentence The cat Web/glossary.html ) catches mice. EX: Socrate ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit TERM: Subject ion.asp?en=subject ) Subjunctive French : DEF: Mode du verbe qui sert à exprimer une action GENERAL ou un état dépendant d'une Morpho-syntax English : autre action ou d'un autre DEF: A verb mood that suggests EX: Long live the king état, et qui par suite est possibility, wish, contrary-to-fact TERM: Subjunctive surtout employé dans une condition, etc. "as opposed to a fact or an proposition subordonnée. order" ( zeus.inalf.fr SUBJONCTIF ) TERM: Subjonctif Subordinating conjunction French : GENERAL DEF: Mot invariable qui Morpho-syntax introduit une proposition GENERIC CONCEPT : Conjunction subordonnée en la mettant DEF: A subordinating conjunction is a en dépendance syntaxique conjunction that links constructions by English : par rapport à la making one of them a constituent of EX: Listen when I speak to you proposition dite principale. another. The subordinating conjunction TERM: Subordinating conjunction typically marks the incorporated ( www.atilf.fr constituent CONJONCTION DE ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing SUBORDINATION ) uisticTerms/WhatIsASubordinatingConju TERM: Conjonction de nctio.htm ) subordination Substantive adjective GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: An adjective that modifies an French : implied, but not expressed, noun. When English : TERM: Adjectif translating such an adjective into English, TERM: Substantive adjective you must supply the missing noun. substantif ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W eb/glossary.html ) Suffix French : DEF: Affixe placé à la fin d'une unité lexicale, après GENERAL le radical, et qui modifie Morpho-syntax le sens de ce radical. Il se dit de Lettres ou syllabes GENERIC CONCEPT : Affix English : qui s'ajoutent à la fin des DEF: A suffix is an affix that is attached TERM: Suffix mots pour en déterminer to the end of a root or stem. la signification. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing Substantivement, Un uisticTerms/WhatIsASuffix.htm ) suffixe. ( zeus.inalf.fr SUFFIXE ) TERM: Suffixe Symbol French : DEF: Signe dont le GENERAL English : signifiant a un lien naturel Morpho-syntax TERM: Symbol avec le signifié. Le symbole a pour caractère de n'être jamais tout à fait arbitraire; il n'est pas vide, il y a un rudiment de lien naturel entre le signifiant et le signifié. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr SYMBOLE I.B.4 ) EX: Le symbole de la justice, la balance, ne pourrait pas être remplacé par n'importe quoi, un char, par exemple (SAUSS. 1916, p. 101). TERM: Syntaxe Syntax French : DEF: Partie de la grammaire traditionnelle English : qui étudie les relations GENERAL EXPL: English syntax is almost wholly entre les mots constituant Morpho-syntax determined by word order, whereas in une proposition ou une DEF: The relationship of words to each Latin word order is much less phrase, leurs other in a sentence important in determing who did what to combinaisons, et les règles ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W whom. qui président à ces eb/glossary.html ) TERM: Syntax relations, à ces combinaisons. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, SYNTAXE, I.A, 1 ) TERM: Syntaxe Tense English : DEF: A category of the verb or verbal inflections, such as present, past, and future, that expresses the temporal relations between what is reported in a sentence and the time of its utterance. ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi nition.asp?en=tense ) VALUE : Participle GENERAL Morpho-syntax VALUE : Infinitive DEF: Tense is a grammatical category, VALUE : Indicative typically marked on the verb, that French : deictically refers to the time of the event VALUE : Subjunctive TERM: Temps or state denoted by the verb in relation to VALUE : Conditional some other temporal reference point. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing VALUE : Imperative uisticTerms/WhatIsTense.htm ) VALUE : Present VALUE : Futur VALUE : Futur perfect VALUE : Imperfect VALUE : Perfect VALUE : Pluperfect VALUE : Past VALUE : Past perfect TERM: Tense Third person French : DEF: La troisième personne renvoi à ce qui n'est ni le locuteur, ni l'interlocuteur. La personne où le locuteur est impliqué avec d'autres est dite première personne du pluriel (nous, notre, GENERAL English : vôtre). La troisième Morpho-syntax DEF: a grammatical category of personne du pluriel est DEF: Third person deixis is deictic pronouns and verbs used when homogène en ce sens reference to a referent(s) not identified as referring to objects or individuals other qu'elle vient de la réunion the speaker or addressee. than the speaker or his addressee(s) de deux ou plusieurs ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.wordreference.com/english/defi «troisièmes personnes». uisticTerms/WhatIsThirdPersonDeixis.ht nition.asp?en=third+person ) La troisième personne du m ) TERM: Third person singulier comme au pluriel, est celle de la personne dont il est parlé sans plus. C'est la personne passive, absente du système de l'interlocution. Ce n'en est pas moins une personne, et il est inexact de parler d'elle comme d'une «non personne»; c'est la personne de tout ce que la pensée a appris à désigner, la personne inhérente à toute sémantèse, à tout ce dont le langage est capable de parler à (G.. MOIGNET, Systématique de la lang. fr., 1981, p.124): ( www.atilf.fr TROISIEME PERSONNE Gramm. ) TERM: Troisième personne Token GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: A token identifies a unit of information. Usually, "tokens" are the result of some processing pass that has English : French : performed lexical analysis and divided a TERM: Token TERM: Atome data set into the smallest units of information used for subsequent processing. Exactly what constitutes a token varies by context. ( www.docbook.org/tdg/en/html/token.ht ml ) Transitive French : DEF: Il se dit des Verbes GENERAL qui font passer l'action du Morpho-syntax sujet sur un complément direct. Aimer est un verbe DEF: A verb which takes a direct object; English : that is, a verb that expresses an action transitif. [En parlant d'un EX: The man has a horse which directly affects another person or verbe] Qui se construit TERM: Transitive thing. avec un complément ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W d'objet. eb/glossary.html ) ( zeus.inalf.fr TRANSITIF ) TERM: Transitif Translative French : Finnish : DEF: Marquant EX: morphologique de la Characteris GENERAL translation. Les translatifs tic ending - Morpho-syntax ont (...) pour fonction de ksi added to DEF: Indicates a change in state of a English : transformer la catégorie genitive noun, with the general sense of des mots pleins. Ainsi, stem: TERM: Translative "becoming X" or "change to X". dans le n?ud substantival "maalaa se ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translative_ca fr. le bleu de Prusse, le est punaiseksi" se ) le translatif qui transforme = "paint it l'adjectif bleu en red"; substantif, et de est le "tunnen translatif qui transforme le itseni substantif Prusse en väsyneeksi" adjectif, le groupe de = "I feel Prusse ayant en effet tired". valeur d'adjectif (TESN. (Hungarian 1965, p. 80). )Characteri ( www.atilf.fr stic ending TRANSLATIF ) và/vé. A TERM: Translatif béka egy fiatal herceggé vàlt. The frog one young prince-into turned 'The frog turned into a young prince.' Unique English : DEF: The unique value is applied to categories with a unique or very small membership, such as negative particle, GENERAL which are `unassigned' to any of the Morpho-syntax standard part-of-speech categories. The value unique cannot always be strictly applied. ( www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/n ode16.html#cmobli ) TERM: Unique Utterance French : GENERAL DEF: Ensemble des Morpho-syntax signifiants "quelle qu'en DEF: An utterance is a complete unit of English : soit la substance phonique talk, bounded by the speaker's silence. TERM: Utterance ou graphique" ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing ( www.atilf.fr uisticTerms/WhatIsAnUtterance.htm ) EXPRESSION ) TERM: Expression Valency French : GENERAL DEF: Nombre d'actants qu'un verbe est susceptible Morpho-syntax English : DEF: Valency refers to the capacity of a de régir. TERM: Valency verb to take a specific number and type of ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, arguments "noun phrase positions" 6.VALENCE A,4 ) TERM: Valence Verb frame GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: Mot exprimant un English : procès, un état ou un VALUE : Transitive TERM: Verb frame devenir, variant, dans de VALUE : Intransitive nombreuse langues, en VALUE : Ditransitive nombre, en personne et en VALUE : Pronominal temps et ayant pour fonction syntaxique de VALUE : Unique structurer les termes VALUE : Impersonal constitutifs de l'énoncé. DEF: A word used to express an action or ( www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, state of being. Finite verbs have five 2.VERBE II ) variables: person, number, tense, mood, TERM: Verbe and voice. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W eb/glossary.html ) Vocative case French : DEF: Cas exprimant l'apostrophe, l'interpellation directe au GENERAL moyen d'appellatifs, et Morpho-syntax English : ayant pour effet d'exclure DEF: The case used to indicate direct EX: You're a good man, Charlie Brown de la construction de la address. TERM: Vocative case phrase, à la manière d'une ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W incise, le terme qui eb/glossary.html ) désigne l'objet interpellé. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, VOCATIF ) TERM: Vocatif Voice GENERAL English : French :
Morpho-syntax DEF: Active or passive, q.v. TERM: Voie VALUE : Active voice ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_ Web/glossary.html ) VALUE : Passive voice VALUE : Middle voice VALUE : Middle voice TERM: Voice DEF: A category of the verb or verbal inflections that expresses whether the relation between the subject and the verb is that of agent and action, action and recipient, or some other relation. ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit ion.asp?en=voice ) Word English : DEF: A word is a unit which is a French : constituent at the phrase level and DEF: Son ou groupe de GENERAL above. It is sometimes identifiable sons articulés ou figurés Morpho-syntax according to such criteria as : - being graphiquement, DEF: One of the units of speech or the minimal possible unit in a reply - constituant une unité writing that native speakers of a language having features such as : * a regular porteuse de signification à usually regard as the smallest isolable stress pattern, and * phonological laquelle est liée, dans une meaningful element of the language, changes conditioned by or blocked at langue donnée, une although linguists would analyse these word boundaries - being the largest unit représentation d'un être, further into morphemes. resistant to insertion of new d'un objet, d'un concept, ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit constituents within its boundaries, or - etc. ion.asp?en=word ) being the smallest constituent that can ( www.atilf.fr 4.MOT ) be moved within a sentence without TERM: Mot making the sentence ungrammatical. A word is sometimes placed, in a hierarchy of grammatical constituents, above the morpheme level and below the phrase level. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLi nguisticTerms/WhatIsAWord.htm ) TERM: Word
2. Terms extracted from ISC/TC 37/SC 4 documents
object language GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general Definition : language being described [ISO 12620] English : Term : object language Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 working language GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general Definition : language used to describe objects [ISO 12620] English : Term : working language Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 data collection GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : data collection Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 data model GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : data model Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 maintenance GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : maintenance Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 Contextual Usage : In the following sections, a presentation is made of the various actors and bodies involved in the maintenance of the data category registry. data category registry GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general Definition : data category specification used as a normative reference for the description of a TML [ISO 12620] English : Term : data category registry Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 data category interchange format GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : data category interchange format Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 data category GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general Definition : result of the specification of a given data field [ISO 12620] English : Term : data category Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 data element GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general Definition : a unit of data for which the definition, identification, representation and Permissible Values are specified by means of a set of attributes [ISO 12620] English : Term : data element Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 data element concept GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general Definition : a concept that can be represented in the form of a Data Element, described independently of any particular representation [ISO 12620] English : Term : data element concept Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 data category selection GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general Definition : component of a TML's specification that constrains its informational content [ISO 12620] English : Term : data category selection Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 Contextual Usage : The diagram exemplifies the various roles of a data category selection in the process of defining and using any linguistic annotation scheme. thematic relation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : thematic relation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 terminological data collection GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : terminological data collection Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 lexicographical data GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : lexicographical data Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 grammatical role GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : grammatical role Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 Contextual Usage : instance, [Briscoe et alii] organize the various grammatical roles (subject, object, direct object, etc.) that can be used in a dependency Treebank as a hierarchy. data structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : data structure Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 data processing GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : data processing Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 annotation scheme GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 English : Term : annotation scheme Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 Contextual Usage : Indeed, the fact that it contains the list of all data items that the annotation scheme can make use of, it is probably the best source of information for potential users or implementers who want to know whether a given item corresponds to their needs. linguistic annotation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 English : Term : linguistic annotation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 lexical representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG4 English : Term : lexical representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 grammatical gender GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : grammatical gender Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 grammatical number GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : grammatical number Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 CL023 speech data GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : speech data Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : corpus Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 text corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : text corpus Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 language resource GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : language resource Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 knowledge management GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : knowledge management Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 localization GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : localization Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 language resource management GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : language resource management Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 speech recognition GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : speech recognition Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 typology GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : typology Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 text typology GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : text typology Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 corpus typology GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : corpus typology Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 corpus encoding GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : corpus encoding Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 machine translation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : machine translation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 word processing GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : word processing Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 language engineering GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : language engineering Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 information retrieval GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : information retrieval Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 meta-data GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 English : Term : meta-data Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 representation scheme GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : representation scheme Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 meta-data representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : meta-data representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 multi-modal information GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : multi-modal information Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 text representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG3 English : Term : text representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 multi-lingual text representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG3 English : Term : multi-lingual text representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 meta-markup GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG3 English : Term : meta-markup Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 ontology GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG4 English : Term : ontology Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 lexical database GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG4 English : Term : lexical database Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 machine-readable lexicon GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG4 English : Term : machine-readable lexicon Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N005 multi-media data GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : multi-media data Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 linguistic data GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : linguistic data Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 semantic web GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : semantic web Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 term extraction GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : term extraction Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 term mining GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : term mining Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 term mining tool GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : term mining tool Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 treebank GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : treebank Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 tag set GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : tag set Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 syntactic annotation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : syntactic annotation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 multi-modal content representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : multi-modal content representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 semantic representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : semantic representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N009 co-reference GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : co-reference Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 planning GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : planning Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 interpretation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : interpretation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 generation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : generation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 meaning GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : meaning Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 Contextual Usage : We propose to define the meaning of a multimodal `utterance’ as the specification of how the interpretation of the `utterance’ by an understanding system should change the system’s information state (taken in a broad sense of the term, including domain mo interoperability GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : interoperability Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 adequacy GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : adequacy Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 incrementality GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : incrementality Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 extensibility GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : extensibility Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 uniformity GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : uniformity Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 chunk GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : chunk Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 discourse representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : discourse representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 dialogue representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : dialogue representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 lexicon representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : lexicon representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 lexicon representation format GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : lexicon representation format Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 multimodal GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : multimodal Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 multimodal content representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : multimodal content representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 underspecified representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : underspecified representation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 mutimodal meaning GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG2 English : Term : mutimodal meaning Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 Contextual Usage : In this document we use `multimodal content’ as synonymous with `multimodal meaning’, including functional aspects, and we use `semantic representation’ as synonymous with `representation of meaning’. globalization GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG3 English : Term : globalization Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 internationalization GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG3 English : Term : internationalization Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 lexical structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG4 English : Term : lexical structure Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N011 textual-material GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : textual-material Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N021 term autonomy GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : term autonomy Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N021 term candidate GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : term candidate Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N021 bootstrapping GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : bootstrapping Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N021 term extraction GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : term extraction Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N021 term mining GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : technical English : Term : term mining Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N021 synonym GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG4 English : Term : synonym Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N021 homonym GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG4 English : Term : homonym Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N021 attribute GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : property of some object being described [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : attribute Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 attribute-value matrix GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : a feature structure consisting of features or attribute-value pairs represented in a matrix form [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : attribute-value matrix Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 boxed integer GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : integer in a box like 1 marking structure sharing in a feature structure [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : boxed integer Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 compatibility GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : two feature structures are compatible if none of the attributes that they have in common has a conflicting value [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : compatibility Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 directed acyclic graph GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : graph on which each node, except for the terminal ones, points to other nodes or at least one other node, but it disallows any path that points to itself [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : directed acyclic graph Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 empty path GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : path corresponding to the root node of a graph [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : empty path Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 empty feature structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : feature structure that has no features [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : empty feature structure Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 feature GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : attribute or property of an object being described [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : feature Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 feature structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : partial information about some object being described by specifying its features or assigning a value to each of its attributes. It is thus defined in set-theoretic terms as a partial function from attributes to values. Because of its mathematical eleganc English : Term : feature structure Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 feature structure declaration GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : sometimes called feature structure description. A feature structure may be described in a declarative manner through some description language. [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : feature structure declaration Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 identity element GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : The empty feature structure [ ] is an identity element of the operation called unification on feature structures, since it yields the identical result when unified with any other feature structure just as the number 0 is an identity element for the algebr English : Term : identity element Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 graph notation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : A rooted and directed labeled graph is often used to represent a feature structure. Each graph representing a feature structure starts with a single particular node called the root. From the root, at least one or more arcs labeled with features branch ou English : Term : graph notation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 path GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : sequence of features that label each arc on a descending sequence of arcs from the root [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : path Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 reentrancy GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : phenomenon by which two paths point to the same node on a graph representing a feature structure. These paths are then called equivalent. As a result, the two paths leading to that intersecting node share its features or attribute values. In the avm notat English : Term : reentrancy Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 root GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : topmost node on a graph or an (upside-down) tree that has no ancestors nor any (preceding) path. [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : root Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 shared structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : a feature structure in which some attributes share values. In graph notation, a node to which two paths merge represents a shared structure. In matrix notation, the shared structure is represented by an identical boxed integer. [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : shared structure Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 subsumption GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : While feature structures convey partial information, some conveys more and others less. Subsumption is a relation between two feature structures: a feature structure A is said to subsume a feature structure B, formally represented as A I B, if A is not mo English : Term : subsumption Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 tag GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : boxed integer marking structure sharing. [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : tag Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 type GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : some common feature that classify objects in a structured way. Elements of any domain can be sorted into types, based on similarities of properties. In linguistics, for instance, features like phrase, word, pos(parts of speech), noun, and verb are often t English : Term : type Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 type inheritance hierarchy GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : types are ordered in some hierarchical order so that objects of a lower type inherit properties of their super-types. In linguistics, these hierarchies are often used to organize linguistic descriptions, especially lexical information. [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : type inheritance hierarchy Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 unification GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : binary operation on feature structures that combine two compatible feature structures into one by merging their information. [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : unification Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 value GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 Definition : value of a feature in a feature structure may either be atomic or complex. A value is complex if it is a feature structure itself or a list of values, again either atomic or complex. [ISO CD 2460-1] English : Term : value Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N033 annotation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : annotation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N040 subsumption GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : subsumption Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N040 Contextual Usage : Subsumption is a standard operation in feature-structure-based formalisms. fs subsumes fs′ if both are identical primitive values, or if the domain of fs is a subset of the domain of fs′, and for every feature f in the domain of fs, the value of f in fs s relation GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : relation Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N040 Contextual Usage : This attribute may be used for specifying which of various logical relations the given value has to the actual value of the feature. bibliographic information GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : general English : Term : bibliographic information Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N040 binary value GENERAL Morpho-syntax Subject Field : WG1 English : Term : binary value Source : ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N040 Contextual Usage : represented by the empty elements
3. Terms extracted from LREC 2002 Proceedings
collocation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : collocation Frequency : 91 Annotation scheme GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation scheme Frequency : 71
definition GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : definition Frequency : 77 example GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : example Frequency : 69 framework GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : framework Frequency : 50 annotation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation Frequency : 562 attribute GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : attribute Frequency : 59 annotation tool GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation tool Frequency : 40 definite description GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : definite description Frequency : 41 demonstrative GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : demonstrative Frequency : 41 feature value GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature value Frequency : 43 case GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : case Frequency : 44 data collection GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data collection Frequency : 44 example sentence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : example sentence Frequency : 45 acoustic model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : acoustic model Frequency : 46 facial expression GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : facial expression Frequency : 46 annotated corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotated corpus Frequency : 47 anaphora GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anaphora Frequency : 30 anaphora resolution GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anaphora resolution Frequency : 30 frame element GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : frame element Frequency : 30 direct object GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : direct object Frequency : 33 ASR GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : ASR Frequency : 34 annotation process GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation process Frequency : 38 disambiguation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : disambiguation Frequency : 38 F-measure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : F-measure Frequency : 38 alignment GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : alignment Frequency : 20 bitext GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : bitext Frequency : 20 complex nominal GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complex nominal Frequency : 20 concept GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : concept Frequency : 20 current state GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : current state Frequency : 20 feature set GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature set Frequency : 20 TTS GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : TTS Frequency : 20 aligner GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : aligner Frequency : 21 annotated data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotated data Frequency : 21 context vector GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : context vector Frequency : 21 dialogue system GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dialogue system Frequency : 21 form GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : form Frequency : 21 anaphoric expression GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anaphoric expression Frequency : 22 conjunct GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : conjunct Frequency : 22 determiner GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : determiner Frequency : 22 corpus data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : corpus data Frequency : 23 basic movement GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : basic movement Frequency : 24 terminology GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : terminology Frequency : 24 World Wide Web GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : World Wide Web Frequency : 24 WordNet GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : WordNet Frequency : 249 classifier GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : classifier Frequency : 25 coreference GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : coreference Frequency : 25 dependency tree GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dependency tree Frequency : 25 annotation task GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation task Frequency : 26 argument structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : argument structure Frequency : 26 feature structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature structure Frequency : 26 animacy GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : animacy Frequency : 27 constraints GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : constraints Frequency : 27 dependency relation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dependency relation Frequency : 27 application GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : application Frequency : 28 co-occurrence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : co-occurrence Frequency : 28 common nouns GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : common nouns Frequency : 29 document GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : document Frequency : 29 accurate transcription GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : accurate transcription Frequency : 10 anaphora resolver GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anaphora resolver Frequency : 10 annotation data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation data Frequency : 10 annotation graph model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation graph model Frequency : 10 antecedent GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : antecedent Frequency : 10 associated feature GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : associated feature Frequency : 10 average polysemy GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : average polysemy Frequency : 10 base document GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : base document Frequency : 10 bootstrap GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : bootstrap Frequency : 10 complete set GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complete set Frequency : 10 concept system GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : concept system Frequency : 10 content metadata GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : content metadata Frequency : 10 correct pronunciation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : correct pronunciation Frequency : 10 covered unit GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : covered unit Frequency : 10 data structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data structure Frequency : 10 dative GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dative Frequency : 10 default information GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : default information Frequency : 10 deverbal noun GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : deverbal noun Frequency : 10 dialogue management GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dialogue management Frequency : 10 emotional speech GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : emotional speech Frequency : 10 entire set GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : entire set Frequency : 10 example text GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : example text Frequency : 10 feature vector GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature vector Frequency : 10 sociopolitical thesaurus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : sociopolitical thesaurus Frequency : 10 Structure-Sharing model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Structure-Sharing model Frequency : 10 feature GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature Frequency : 109 annotation graph library GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation graph library Frequency : 11 automatic recognition GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic recognition Frequency : 11 automatic segmentation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic segmentation Frequency : 11 Basic descriptor GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Basic descriptor Frequency : 11 connection GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : connection Frequency : 11 context GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : context Frequency : 11 corpus analysis GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : corpus analysis Frequency : 11 decision tree GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : decision tree Frequency : 11 dependency analysis GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dependency analysis Frequency : 11 dialogue structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dialogue structure Frequency : 11 elementary tree GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : elementary tree Frequency : 11 finite verb GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : finite verb Frequency : 11 transcriber GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : transcriber Frequency : 11 accusative case GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : accusative case Frequency : 12 agreement GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : agreement Frequency : 12 ambiguity GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : ambiguity Frequency : 12 analyser GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : analyser Frequency : 12 arg GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : arg Frequency : 12 automatic annotation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic annotation Frequency : 12 capital letters GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : capital letters Frequency : 12 centroid GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : centroid Frequency : 12 computational lexicon GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : computational lexicon Frequency : 12 data set GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data set Frequency : 12 feature tree GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature tree Frequency : 12 learning accuracy GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : learning accuracy Frequency : 12 S-node GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : S-node Frequency : 12 apposition GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : apposition Frequency : 13 automatic generation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic generation Frequency : 13 bilingual dictionary GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : bilingual dictionary Frequency : 13 chunk parser GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : chunk parser Frequency : 13 component GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : component Frequency : 13 contents GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : contents Frequency : 13 convolution GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : convolution Frequency : 13 meta-data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : meta-data Frequency : 13 WordNet sense GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : WordNet sense Frequency : 13 element GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : element Frequency : 130 annotator GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotator Frequency : 139 annotation graph toolkit GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation graph toolkit Frequency : 14 aspect GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : aspect Frequency : 14 binary relation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : binary relation Frequency : 14 complex word GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complex word Frequency : 14 compounding module GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : compounding module Frequency : 14 contextual information GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : contextual information Frequency : 14 corpus size GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : corpus size Frequency : 14 dialogue act GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dialogue act Frequency : 14 discourse GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : discourse Frequency : 14 discourse structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : discourse structure Frequency : 14 extraction pattern GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : extraction pattern Frequency : 14 frameset GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : frameset Frequency : 14 collaborative annotation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : collaborative annotation Frequency : 15 declination GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : declination Frequency : 15 demonstrative noun phrase GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : demonstrative noun phrase Frequency : 15 error rate GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : error rate Frequency : 15 action GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : action Frequency : 16 approach GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : approach Frequency : 16 audio data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : audio data Frequency : 16 categorization GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : categorization Frequency : 16 disjunction GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : disjunction Frequency : 16 evaluation data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : evaluation data Frequency : 16 evaluation process GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : evaluation process Frequency : 16 f-score GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : f-score Frequency : 16 manual annotation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : manual annotation Frequency : 16 BASE algorithm GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : BASE algorithm Frequency : 17 collocation sets GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : collocation sets Frequency : 17 conceptual vectors GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : conceptual vectors Frequency : 17 context information GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : context information Frequency : 17 field GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : field Frequency : 17 format GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : format Frequency : 17 anaphor GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anaphor Frequency : 18 contextual words GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : contextual words Frequency : 18 domain ontology GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : domain ontology Frequency : 18 experimental result GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : experimental result Frequency : 18 additional information GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : additional information Frequency : 19 audio file GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : audio file Frequency : 19 automatic acquisition GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic acquisition Frequency : 19 conceptual relation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : conceptual relation Frequency : 19 conjunction GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : conjunction Frequency : 19 co-reference GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : co-reference Frequency : 19 dialog GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dialog Frequency : 19 emotional feature GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : emotional feature Frequency : 19 acc GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : acc Frequency : 8 acquisition process GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : acquisition process Frequency : 8 acronym acquisition GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : acronym acquisition Frequency : 8 actual implementation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : actual implementation Frequency : 8 agreement structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : agreement structure Frequency : 8 ambiguous word GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : ambiguous word Frequency : 8 anaphora resolution system GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anaphora resolution system Frequency : 8 antonymy GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : antonymy Frequency : 8 audio recording GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : audio recording Frequency : 8 automatic evaluation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic evaluation Frequency : 8 automatic speech recognition GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic speech recognition Frequency : 8 available data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : available data Frequency : 8 average inter-window similarity GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : average inter-window similarity Frequency : 8 baseline model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : baseline model Frequency : 8 best score GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : best score Frequency : 8 bilingual corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : bilingual corpus Frequency : 8 central database GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : central database Frequency : 8 chunker GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : chunker Frequency : 8 comparison GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : comparison Frequency : 8 compound module GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : compound module Frequency : 8 compound noun GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : compound noun Frequency : 8 computational linguist GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : computational linguist Frequency : 8 considerable amount GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : considerable amount Frequency : 8 constituent words GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : constituent words Frequency : 8 conventional form GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : conventional form Frequency : 8 copy GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : copy Frequency : 8 corpus homogeneity GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : corpus homogeneity Frequency : 8 corpus system GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : corpus system Frequency : 8 cosine similarity GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : cosine similarity Frequency : 8 dataset GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dataset Frequency : 8 definiteness GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : definiteness Frequency : 8 delay time GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : delay time Frequency : 8 derived form GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : derived form Frequency : 8 development process GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : development process Frequency : 8 dialogue strategy GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dialogue strategy Frequency : 8 dictionary data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dictionary data Frequency : 8 document frequency GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : document frequency Frequency : 8 documentation team GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : documentation team Frequency : 8 domain information GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : domain information Frequency : 8 dump format GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dump format Frequency : 8 empty subject GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : empty subject Frequency : 8 encoding scheme GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : encoding scheme Frequency : 8 end anchor GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : end anchor Frequency : 8 equivalence classe GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : equivalence classe Frequency : 8 error-rate GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : error-rate Frequency : 8 evaluation corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : evaluation corpus Frequency : 8 finite list GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : finite list Frequency : 8 formalization GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : formalization Frequency : 8 free text GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : free text Frequency : 8 HTML page GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : HTML page Frequency : 8 HTML tag GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : HTML tag Frequency : 8 linguistic annotation framework GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : linguistic annotation framework Frequency : 8 linguistics GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : linguistics Frequency : 8 machine learning GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : machine learning Frequency : 8 mapping GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : mapping Frequency : 8 mapping hypothesis GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : mapping hypothesis Frequency : 8 Meta-Features model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Meta-Features model Frequency : 8 Micro-Features model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Micro-Features model Frequency : 8 POS-tag GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : POS-tag Frequency : 8 syntactic analysis GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : syntactic analysis Frequency : 8 agreement domain GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : agreement domain Frequency : 9 alignment process GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : alignment process Frequency : 9 alternative GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : alternative Frequency : 9 annotated sentence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotated sentence Frequency : 9 balanced sentence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : balanced sentence Frequency : 9 base form GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : base form Frequency : 9 basic principle GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : basic principle Frequency : 9 bigram GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : bigram Frequency : 9 building blocks GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : building blocks Frequency : 9 candidate terms GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : candidate terms Frequency : 9 clarity test GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : clarity test Frequency : 9 class hierarchy GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : class hierarchy Frequency : 9 common borders GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : common borders Frequency : 9 communication-statement frame GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : communication-statement frame Frequency : 9 complementizer GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complementizer Frequency : 9 complex structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complex structure Frequency : 9 component database GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : component database Frequency : 9 compositionality GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : compositionality Frequency : 9 computer-produced extracts GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : computer-produced extracts Frequency : 9 context word GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : context word Frequency : 9 cooccurrence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : cooccurrence Frequency : 9 core set GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : core set Frequency : 9 current annotation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : current annotation Frequency : 9 current region GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : current region Frequency : 9 current version GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : current version Frequency : 9 database schema GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : database schema Frequency : 9 database server GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : database server Frequency : 9 definite noun phrase GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : definite noun phrase Frequency : 9 delimitation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : delimitation Frequency : 9 dictionary entry GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dictionary entry Frequency : 9 domain specific terminology GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : domain specific terminology Frequency : 9 electronic text GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : electronic text Frequency : 9 entire corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : entire corpus Frequency : 9 evaluation method GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : evaluation method Frequency : 9 feature-system declaration GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature-system declaration Frequency : 9 finite state automata GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : finite state automata Frequency : 9 foreign word GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : foreign word Frequency : 9 frequency list GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : frequency list Frequency : 9 lead value GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : lead value Frequency : 9 standardisation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : standardisation Frequency : 9 Web document GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Web document Frequency : 9 WordNet synset GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : WordNet synset Frequency : 9 action concept GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : action concept Frequency : 7 adjunction GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : adjunction Frequency : 7 alignment procedure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : alignment procedure Frequency : 7 annotated text GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotated text Frequency : 7 annotation graph GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation graph Frequency : 7 annotation levels GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation levels Frequency : 7 applet GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : applet Frequency : 7 argumenthood GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : argumenthood Frequency : 7 associated draft GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : associated draft Frequency : 7 assumption GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : assumption Frequency : 7 audio signal GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : audio signal Frequency : 7 automatic detection GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic detection Frequency : 7 automatic identification GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic identification Frequency : 7 automatic selector GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic selector Frequency : 7 automatic summarisation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic summarisation Frequency : 7 available resource GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : available resource Frequency : 7 average length GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : average length Frequency : 7 average precision GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : average precision Frequency : 7 average speech rate GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : average speech rate Frequency : 7 background knowledge GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : background knowledge Frequency : 7 background noise GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : background noise Frequency : 7 base verb GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : base verb Frequency : 7 basic element GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : basic element Frequency : 7 basic structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : basic structure Frequency : 7 BETA algorithm GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : BETA algorithm Frequency : 7 broad range GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : broad range Frequency : 7 broad-coverage bilingual corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : broad-coverage bilingual corpus Frequency : 7 collected data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : collected data Frequency : 7 communication-conversation frame GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : communication-conversation frame Frequency : 7 communicative act GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : communicative act Frequency : 7 complex task GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complex task Frequency : 7 concatenative speech synthesis GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : concatenative speech synthesis Frequency : 7 continuous speech GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : continuous speech Frequency : 7 convergence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : convergence Frequency : 7 customisation module GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : customisation module Frequency : 7 database interface GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : database interface Frequency : 7 derivation tree GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : derivation tree Frequency : 7 dialogue GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dialogue Frequency : 7 digital library system GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : digital library system Frequency : 7 digital resource GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : digital resource Frequency : 7 discourse interpretation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : discourse interpretation Frequency : 7 disfluencies GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : disfluencies Frequency : 7 document collection GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : document collection Frequency : 7 domain specific term GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : domain specific term Frequency : 7 domain-specific text GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : domain-specific text Frequency : 7 electronic version GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : electronic version Frequency : 7 elision GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : elision Frequency : 7 end user GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : end user Frequency : 7 evaluation measure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : evaluation measure Frequency : 7 experimental setup GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : experimental setup Frequency : 7 expressive power GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : expressive power Frequency : 7 extracted sentence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : extracted sentence Frequency : 7 federated approach GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : federated approach Frequency : 7 formal representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : formal representation Frequency : 7 Forward-Backward algorithm GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Forward-Backward algorithm Frequency : 7 frame type GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : frame type Frequency : 7 manual inspection GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : manual inspection Frequency : 7 movement phrase GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : movement phrase Frequency : 7 multext lexicon GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : multext lexicon Frequency : 7 Resource Description Framework GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Resource Description Framework Frequency : 7 abstract data model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : abstract data model Frequency : 6 accusative GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : accusative Frequency : 6 acoustic distortion GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : acoustic distortion Frequency : 6 acoustic parameter GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : acoustic parameter Frequency : 6 acoustic propertie GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : acoustic propertie Frequency : 6 adaptation procedure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : adaptation procedure Frequency : 6 adaptation tool GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : adaptation tool Frequency : 6 agreement category GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : agreement category Frequency : 6 aligned corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : aligned corpus Frequency : 6 analytical function GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : analytical function Frequency : 6 anaphoric relation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anaphoric relation Frequency : 6 annotated bibliography entry GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotated bibliography entry Frequency : 6 annotation format GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation format Frequency : 6 annotation graph data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation graph data Frequency : 6 anthroponym GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anthroponym Frequency : 6 application program GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : application program Frequency : 6 appropriate sense GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : appropriate sense Frequency : 6 arc GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : arc Frequency : 6 argument GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : argument Frequency : 6 automatic conceptual indexing GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic conceptual indexing Frequency : 6 automatic tagging GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic tagging Frequency : 6 auxiliary verb GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : auxiliary verb Frequency : 6 average sentence length GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : average sentence length Frequency : 6 back-off GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : back-off Frequency : 6 basic component GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : basic component Frequency : 6 basic form GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : basic form Frequency : 6 biphone GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : biphone Frequency : 6 catalogue database GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : catalogue database Frequency : 6 causation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : causation Frequency : 6 central component GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : central component Frequency : 6 citation form GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : citation form Frequency : 6 common boundary GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : common boundary Frequency : 6 common set GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : common set Frequency : 6 commonsense knowledge GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : commonsense knowledge Frequency : 6 communication GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : communication Frequency : 6 communicative intention GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : communicative intention Frequency : 6 communities GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : communities Frequency : 6 competence center GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : competence center Frequency : 6 complete description GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complete description Frequency : 6 complex document grammar GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complex document grammar Frequency : 6 comprehensive list GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : comprehensive list Frequency : 6 compression ratio GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : compression ratio Frequency : 6 compulsory argument GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : compulsory argument Frequency : 6 concept frame GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : concept frame Frequency : 6 conditional independence assumption GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : conditional independence assumption Frequency : 6 content model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : content model Frequency : 6 controlled vocabulary GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : controlled vocabulary Frequency : 6 coordination GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : coordination Frequency : 6 copula GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : copula Frequency : 6 coreference resolution GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : coreference resolution Frequency : 6 corpus evidence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : corpus evidence Frequency : 6 corpus occurrence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : corpus occurrence Frequency : 6 cumulative effect GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : cumulative effect Frequency : 6 data category GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data category Frequency : 6 data conversion GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data conversion Frequency : 6 data driven approache GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data driven approache Frequency : 6 data mining GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data mining Frequency : 6 data object GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data object Frequency : 6 data representation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data representation Frequency : 6 data structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data structure Frequency : 6 database management system GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : database management system Frequency : 6 derivational morphology GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : derivational morphology Frequency : 6 discourse model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : discourse model Frequency : 6 distributional analysis GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : distributional analysis Frequency : 6 driving behavior GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : driving behavior Frequency : 6 D-score GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : D-score Frequency : 6 encoding GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : encoding Frequency : 6 end offset GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : end offset Frequency : 6 evaluation methodology GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : evaluation methodology Frequency : 6 evaluation protocol GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : evaluation protocol Frequency : 6 external criteria GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : external criteria Frequency : 6 extracted term GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : extracted term Frequency : 6 extraction process GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : extraction process Frequency : 6 extraction rule GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : extraction rule Frequency : 6 family model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : family model Frequency : 6 feature name GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature name Frequency : 6 feature structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature structure Frequency : 6 Feedback Message Generation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Feedback Message Generation Frequency : 6 file format GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : file format Frequency : 6 file name GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : file name Frequency : 6 focus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : focus Frequency : 6 focus word GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : focus word Frequency : 6 formal description GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : formal description Frequency : 6 frame structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : frame structure Frequency : 6 French dictionary GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : French dictionary Frequency : 6 HTML document GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : HTML document Frequency : 6 Living document GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Living document Frequency : 6 manual editing GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : manual editing Frequency : 6 manual sign GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : manual sign Frequency : 6 manual tagging GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : manual tagging Frequency : 6 MetaThesaurus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : MetaThesaurus Frequency : 6 movement placefrom GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : movement placefrom Frequency : 6 Partitur Format GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Partitur Format Frequency : 6 Q&A system GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Q&A system Frequency : 6 QuickTime GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : QuickTime Frequency : 6 Umlautung GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Umlautung Frequency : 6 User satisfaction GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : User satisfaction Frequency : 6 World Wide Web Consortium GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : World Wide Web Consortium Frequency : 6 abstraction GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : abstraction Frequency : 5 access GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : access Frequency : 5 acquired morphological link GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : acquired morphological link Frequency : 5 actant GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : actant Frequency : 5 ad-hoc template GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : ad-hoc template Frequency : 5 analysis result GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : analysis result Frequency : 5 analytic data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : analytic data Frequency : 5 annotation file GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation file Frequency : 5 annotation procedure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : annotation procedure Frequency : 5 anonimity GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : anonimity Frequency : 5 answer type GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : answer type Frequency : 5 argument label GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : argument label Frequency : 5 articulator movement GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : articulator movement Frequency : 5 articulator GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : articulator Frequency : 5 attribute set GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : attribute set Frequency : 5 attribute value GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : attribute value Frequency : 5 audio segment GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : audio segment Frequency : 5 audio stream GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : audio stream Frequency : 5 auditory test GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : auditory test Frequency : 5 augmentation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : augmentation Frequency : 5 automatic alignment GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic alignment Frequency : 5 automatic process GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic process Frequency : 5 automatic query expansion GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic query expansion Frequency : 5 automatic summary GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic summary Frequency : 5 automatic transcription GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : automatic transcription Frequency : 5 balanced corpus GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : balanced corpus Frequency : 5 basic constraint GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : basic constraint Frequency : 5 basic mechanism GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : basic mechanism Frequency : 5 bibliographical entry GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : bibliographical entry Frequency : 5 binary file GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : binary file Frequency : 5 canonical position GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : canonical position Frequency : 5 case postposition GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : case postposition Frequency : 5 character set GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : character set Frequency : 5 chunk tree GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : chunk tree Frequency : 5 clitics GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : clitics Frequency : 5 closed-class words GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : closed-class words Frequency : 5 collection GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : collection Frequency : 5 complementation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complementation Frequency : 5 complete partial ranking GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complete partial ranking Frequency : 5 complete sentence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : complete sentence Frequency : 5 compounding stems GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : compounding stems Frequency : 5 conceptual model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : conceptual model Frequency : 5 concrete example GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : concrete example Frequency : 5 content element GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : content element Frequency : 5 content-based measure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : content-based measure Frequency : 5 contingency table GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : contingency table Frequency : 5 controlled vocabulary GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : controlled vocabulary Frequency : 5 conventional information-retrieval thesauri GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : conventional information-retrieval thesauri Frequency : 5 core sense GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : core sense Frequency : 5 crossing branch GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : crossing branch Frequency : 5 cue word GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : cue word Frequency : 5 current channel GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : current channel Frequency : 5 current implementation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : current implementation Frequency : 5 data class GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data class Frequency : 5 data model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data model Frequency : 5 data redundancy GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data redundancy Frequency : 5 data sharing GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : data sharing Frequency : 5 database entry GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : database entry Frequency : 5 declarative sentence GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : declarative sentence Frequency : 5 diacritic GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : diacritic Frequency : 5 dialectal region GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : dialectal region Frequency : 5 diphthong GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : diphthong Frequency : 5 directed acyclic graph GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : directed acyclic graph Frequency : 5 document grammar GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : document grammar Frequency : 5 document retrieval GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : document retrieval Frequency : 5 documentation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : documentation Frequency : 5 empty feature structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : empty feature structure Frequency : 5 empty string GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : empty string Frequency : 5 encoding process GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : encoding process Frequency : 5 encryption GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : encryption Frequency : 5 entity type GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : entity type Frequency : 5 entry GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : entry Frequency : 5 extracted terminology GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : extracted terminology Frequency : 5 fact database GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : fact database Frequency : 5 fact extraction GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : fact extraction Frequency : 5 false positive GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : false positive Frequency : 5 feats attribute GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feats attribute Frequency : 5 feature value element GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : feature value element Frequency : 5 field linguist GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : field linguist Frequency : 5 fielded record GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : fielded record Frequency : 5 filler word GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : filler word Frequency : 5 flag rule GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : flag rule Frequency : 5 Fmeasure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Fmeasure Frequency : 5 formal definition GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : formal definition Frequency : 5 formal evaluation GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : formal evaluation Frequency : 5 forward trace GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : forward trace Frequency : 5 free distribution GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : free distribution Frequency : 5 frequency distribution GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : frequency distribution Frequency : 5 HTML structure GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : HTML structure Frequency : 5 Information technology GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Information technology Frequency : 5 management tool GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : management tool Frequency : 5 Meta-model GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Meta-model Frequency : 5 Phonetic Analysis module GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Phonetic Analysis module Frequency : 5 POS-tagging GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : POS-tagging Frequency : 5 programme GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : programme Frequency : 5 Rhetorical Structure Theory GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Rhetorical Structure Theory Frequency : 5 SGML document GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : SGML document Frequency : 5 SGML file GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : SGML file Frequency : 5 Static Sense Vector GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Static Sense Vector Frequency : 5 Terminological Markup Framework GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Terminological Markup Framework Frequency : 5 Unicode data GENERAL Morpho-syntax English : Term : Unicode data Frequency : 5