ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N 078 ISO/TC 37/SC 4/WG 1 Nxx ISO/TC 37/SC 4 2003-08-15 Language resource management secretariat : KATS ISO/WD 21829 Terminology for language resource management Introduction This working draft contains candidate terms which are essential for the work of language resource management. Scope Reference terminology for all activities within SC4 as well as reference concepts for the NLP community (ISO/TC 37/SC 4 N063) Specific term related to Morpho-Syntax (French Contribution): List 1 General terms for language resources (Korean Contribution): List 2-3 Methodology Term extraction from texts (automatic) 6 ISO/TC 37/SC 4 Documents: 10 Documents 6 LREC 2002 Proceedings: 354 Articles Selection from candidate terms (manual) Description Terms extracted from ISO/TC 37/SC 4 Documents 6 Field names** (designed): subject field, term, definition, note, source, contextual usage 6 Current state: Only fields for term, subject field and source are filled fully. The field for contextual usage is going to be filled further, if decided to be useful. 6 Frequency of term occurrences is not taken account into, because documents don’t be balanced in terms of subject fields. 6 Size of candidate terms: 143 Terms extracted from LREC 2002 Proceedings 6 Field names (designed): subject field, term, frequency, source, contextual usage (definition, note) 6 Current state: Only fields for term, frequency and source are filled. Other fields are empty. Fields for subject field and contextual usage are going to be filled further, if decided to be useful. 6 Candidate terms occur more than 5. 6 Size of candidate terms: 525 Data categories The data categories designed are as follows; Concept Identifier ş Subject Field ş DEFINITION ş NOTE ş TERM ş FREQUENCY ş not for publishing SOURCE ş (not for publishing) CONTEXTUAL USAGE ş (not for publishing) Works to be done successively More rigid relevant term selection from candidate terms Empty fields should be filled as much as possible. - The ‘definition’ field will be filled through refering to existing term bank, dictionaries, etc., or through extracting term information from corpus (LREC 2002 Proceedings/ ISO/TC 37/SC 4 documents). - The ‘contextual usage’ field will be filled in through selecting an appropriate usage from candidates extracted out of LREC 2002 Proceedings/ ISO/TC 37/SC 4 documents. Notes * This document is an explanation about terminology data for NLP as well as language resource collected by KORTERM (Korea) and France. It is written to get comments for preparing a working draft (ISO WD 21829). ** Fields, especially for source, contextual usage, frequency, etc., are designed for providing useful information in standardizing, not for publishing. 1. Liste des catégories Abbreviation French : DEF: Mode de réduction des mots savants (techn., sc., admin.) passés dans la lang. commune, fam. ou pop. : On emploie GENERAL d'ordinaire ce terme pour Morpho-syntax désigner une réduction DEF: A shortened or contracted form of a English : graphique (ainsi etc. pour word or phrase used in place of the whole TERM: Abbreviation et caetera), en réservant le ( www.wordreference.com/english/definit terme d'abrégement à ce ion.asp?en=Abbreviation+ ) qui est une réduction réelle, ... MAR. Lex. 1961, p. 12. ( www.atilf.fr ABREVIATION I.B Ling ) TERM: Abréviation Abessive case English : Finnish : DEF: Carries the basic meaning of EXPL: In Finnish it is a GENERAL "without" rarely used case, Morpho-syntax ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abessive_ca especially in spoken se ) language, but it is found TERM: Abessive case in some commonly used expressions. Compare whith the Essive and the Inessive cases. Ablative case English : French : DEF: A locative grammatical case DEF: Cas de la GENERAL which carries the basic meaning of déclinaison lat. réservé Morpho-syntax "from off of". principalement au compl. DEF: The case used to indicate some EXPL: Ablative is one of the six circ. Il marque le point de adverbial function for a noun, usually locative cases which as their basic départ, l'éloignement, la translated into English with a preposition. meaning correspond to locational séparation. ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W prepositions in English. ( atilf.fr ABLATIF ) eb/glossary.html ) EX: By the window, in the doghouse TERM: Ablatif TERM: Ablative case Absolutive case Basque : EX: Gizona etorri da. "The man has arrived." GENERAL Gizonak mutila ikusi du. Morpho-syntax English : "The man saw the boy." In DEF: Marks the subject of an intransitive EXPL: Absolutive case is typical for Basque, gizon is "man", verb and object of transitive verb ergative languages mutil is "boy", and a suffix ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutive_ca TERM: Absolutive case -a is "the". Notice that se ) gizon is different depending on whether it is the subject of a transitive or intransitive verb The first form is the absolutive case and the second form is the ergative case Accusative case French : DEF: Cas de la déclinaison auquel se GENERAL mettent généralement les Morpho-syntax English : compléments d'objet, de DEF: The case used to indicate direct EX: She threw the ball, They ate my direction, de but, de durée, object, place to or toward which, or extent lunch etc., et certains of space and time. TERM: Accusative case compléments ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W prépositionnels. eb/glossary.html ) ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, ACCUSATIF, I.Gramm. ) TERM: Accusatif Active voice French : DEF: L'ensemble des GENERAL English : formes d'un verbe qui Morpho-syntax EX: She threw the ball, They ate my indiquent que l'action est DEF: A verb voice, in which the subject lunch faite et non supportée par performs the action of the verb i.e., the TERM: Active voice le sujet. subject is agent" ( zeus.inalf.fr ACTIF ) TERM: Actif Adessive case GENERAL English : Hungarian : Morpho-syntax DEF: A locative grammatical case EX: "asztalon" - "on which carries the basic meaning of table"; In Hungarian "on". suffix "on/en" is used for ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adessive_ca adessive. se ) EXPL: Adessive is one of the six locative cases which as their basic meaning correspond to locational prepositions in English. TERM: Adessive case Adjective GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: -Partie du discours, variable en English : genre et en nombre, se rapportant dans la DEF: A word used to describe, or limit phrase au substantif. - Mot appartenant à the meaning of, a noun. Adjectives cette partie du discours : 1. L'adjectif est have three variables in Latin: number, French : un mot qui donne une qualification au gender, and case. They agree with DEF: Qui se joint aux substantif; il en désigne la qualité ou nouns according to these variables. noms pour les qualifier ou manière d'être. Or comme toute qualité ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_ les modifier. suppose la substance dont elle est qualité, Web/glossary.html ) ( zeus.inalf.fr il est évident que tout adjectif suppose un EXPL: "Agent" comes from the Latin ADJECTIF ) substantif : car il faut être, pour être tel. verb ago, agere, egi, actus, which can TERM: Adjectif C.-C. DU MARSAIS, Gramm. 1789. 2. mean to do or perform L'Adjectif ne désigne ni un être physique, EX: A big horse ni un être métaphysique; il exprime TERM: Adjective seulement la qualité ou la manière d'être du substantif. GIR. 1834, p. 239. 3. L'un des éléments les plus essentiels du discours (...). On appelle (...) ce mot adjectif, non pas seulement (...), parce qu'il s'ajoute toujours aux substantifs, mais aussi parce qu'il ajoute à ces substantifs l'idée des qualités ou des manières d'être sous lesquelles ils sont considérés. BESCH. 1845. 4. Nom que l'on joint à un substantif pour le qualifier ou le déterminer. LITTRÉ. 5. L'adjectif est un mot que l'on ajoute au nom pour exprimer les qualités, les diverses manières d'être des personnes ou des choses désignées par ce nom. NOËL- CHAPSAL, 1889, p. 91. 6. Les mots pleins exprimant les attributs abstraits des substances sont appelés adjectifs. TESN. 1959, p. 62. ( www.atilf.fr ADJECTIF GRAMMAIRE ) Adposition GENERAL Morpho-syntax DEF: An adposition is a cover term for English : prepositions and postpositions. It is a EX: He promised to help with whatever member of a closed set of items that - was the matter. occur before or after a complement TERM: Adposition composed of a noun phrase, noun, pronoun, or clause that functions as a noun phrase, and - form a single structure with the complement to express its grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause. ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing uisticTerms/WhatIsAnAdposition.htm ) Adverb French : DEF: Partie du discours neutre et invariable qui peut être rapportée à un GENERAL English : verbe, à un adjectif, à une Morpho-syntax EX: She threw the ball far, She threw préposition ou à un autre DEF: A word used to describe a verb, the ball very far, An extremely big adverbe, c'est-à-dire à adjective, or another adverb horse toute partie du discours ( www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_W TERM: Adverb autre que l'article et les eb/glossary.html ) déterminatifs (fr.encyclopedia.yahoo.co m) TERM: Adverbe Affix GENERAL French : Morpho-syntax DEF: élément lexical qui DEF: An affix is joined by derivation or English : s'ajoute à un mot ou à un inflection. radical pour en modifier le TERM: Affix ( www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLing sens ou la fonction, appelé uisticTerms/WhatIsAnAffixLinguisticsht préfixe, infixe ou suffixe m ) selon qu'il est placé au début, à l'intérieur ou à la fin du mot. ( www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, AFFIXE, B. Linguistique, 1 ) TERM: Affixe Allative case English : DEF: A locative grammatical case which carries the basic meaning of "onto". Hungarian : ( www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allative_cas EX: "asztalra" - "onto GENERAL e ) table" In Hungarian suffix Morpho-syntax EXPL: Allative is one of the six "ra/re" is used for locative cases which as their basic adessive.