A Study of Sentence Types Used in Radclyffe Hall’S Novel “The Well of Loneliness”

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A STUDY OF SENTENCE TYPES USED IN RADCLYFFE HALL’S NOVEL “THE WELL OF LONELINESS”

A PAPER

MARYS YEREMIA MANURUNG

REG. NO: 132202053

DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA It has been proved by

Supervisor,

Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL NIP:19570803198404 1 004

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of SumateraUtara in partial of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study Program

Approved by

Head of English Study Program,

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP:19521126198112 1 001

Approved by the Diploma-III of English Study Program Faculty of Cultural

Studies, University of Sumatera Utara as a Paper for the Diploma-III

Examination.

Accepted by the board of Examiner in partial of the requirements for the D-III

Examination of the Diploma-III of English Study Program, Faculty of Cultural

Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The Examination is held on June 2016

Faculty of Cultural StudiesUniversity of Sumatera Utara

Dean,

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S NIP: 19600805 198703 001

Board of Examiner: Signature

1. Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A (Head of ESP) ______

2. Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL (Supervisor) ______

3. Dr. Deliana, M.Hum. (Reader) ______

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, Marys Yeremia Manurung, declare that I am the sole author of this paper.

Except where the references is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which i have qualified for a awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed: ......

Date : ...... 2016

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : MARYS YEREMIA MANURUNG

Title of Paper : A STUDY OF SENTENCE TYPES USED IN

RADCLYFFE HALL’S NOVEL “THE WELL OF

LONELINESS”

Qualification : D III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the reproduction at the direction of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Faculty of

Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed: ......

Date : ...... 2016

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini bertujuan menguraikan jenis-jenis kalimat yang digunakan didalam novel The well of loneliness oleh Radclyffe Hall. Tujuan dari kertas karya ini adalah untuk mencari dan mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis kalimat yang terdapat didalam novel. Adapun kalimat tersebut yaitu 106 kalimat sederhana atau sebanyak 26.57 %, 92 kalimat majemuk atau sebanyak 23.75%, 70 kalimat kompleks atau sebanyak 17.74% dan 46 kalimat majemuk kompleks atau sebanyak 11.93%. kalimat yang dominan digunakan didalam novel ini adalah kalimat sederhana sebanyak 23.75% atau 106 kalimat.

iii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the types of sentences used in Radclyffe Hall’s novel The well of Loneliness. The Objective was to find out the description of the sentence types found in the novel that were 106 simple sentences or 26.57 %, 92 compound sentences or 23.75 %, 70 complex sentences or 17,74 % and 46 compound complex sentences or 11,93 %. The most dominant sentence found in the novel was simple sentence as 26.57% or 106 sentences.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

As human being, I would like to thank Almighty God who always loves me and never stops to give His grace, health, strength and wonderful mind completing this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate English

Department Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

I would like to express my best gratitude and appreciate to Dean Faculty of cultural studies Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S for all opportunities and facilities he has given to me up to the end of my study.

I also would like to thank the head of Diploma III English Study Program,

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. who always gives me support and so many words that becomes my direction in doing this paper.

Special thanks goes to my Supervisor, Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed.

TESOL who is always patient to help and support me and never gives up to give me constructive critics in accomplishing this paper.

The most gratitude is dedicated to my beloved parents Maringan Manurung and Tetty Sinaga for their great love, prayer, support and wonderful things that I cannot explain and repay. Thank to my sibling sister Tessalonika Manurung,

Naomi Manurung. They are my precious friends in the world. They are always my inspiration in living and my study, especially in doing this paper. Thank for always helping and never give up to advice me. Somehow I will pay for everything that both of them give to me.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA I also dedicate this paper to my cute young sibling sisters Lian Manurung and Dennis Manurung who is always entertain me when I’m tired in doing this paper. I say thank you so much for all my family.

I also thank my friend in Solidas; Vivi Surbakti, Maria Ika Purba,

Florentina Sijabat, Vega Marz, Dinda Arini, Ivo Dwi and alumnus in Solidas;

Rocky Goklas, Ariezky Siregar, Bazzar Abid and Rumada Pane. I cannot mention all their names but I’d like to thank to nice friendship and moment we share together. And especially to my classmates, Class A, thank for all of you guys.

I will never forget to say my best appreciation to my best friends in campus, who always take care of me and support me every day, they are: Yona Marissa,

Nia Ramadhany, Riza Fadhilah and Ruth Fransiska. Thank for the nicest friendship that we make together and unforgettable moment that we share together; you’re always in top of my mind. The last thank goes to my special someone Andreas Tarigan who is always support and take care of me.

However, I realize that this paper is still far from perfection. That’s why;

I’m waiting for any constructive critics and suggestion. Finally, I hope this paper can be useful for everyone.

Medan, ...... 2016

The Writer,

Marys Yeremia Manurung Reg . No: 132202053

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... 1 COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... ii ABSTRAK ...... iii ABSTRACT ...... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ...... 1 1.2 Problem of Study ...... 5 1.3 Scope of Study ...... 5 1.4 Purpose of Study ...... 5 1.5 Method of Study ...... 6

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Grammar...... 8 2.2 Sentence ...... 9 2.3 Kinds Of Setences ...... 11

3. THE STUDY AND FINDING 3.1 The Study of Sentence Types Found in the Novel ...... 16 3.1.1 Simple Sentence ...... 16 3.1.2 Compound Sentence ...... 25 3.1.3 Complex Sentence ...... 38 3.1.4 Compound Complex Sentence ...... 46 3.2 The Finding ...... 56

4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Conclusions ...... 57 4.2 Suggestions ...... 58

REFERENCES ...... 59

vii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1.Background of study

Grammar is the central component of language. It mediates between the system of sounds or of written symbols, on the one hand, and the system of meaning, on the other. Grammar deals with the rules for combining words into larger units. The largest unit that is described in grammar is normally the sentence.

Hancock (2005:6) says, “grammar is the natural, inherent, meaning making system of language, a system that governs the ways word comes together to form meaning; grammar is also the study of that system, the various theories or perspectives that attempt to understand.”

Language is the ability to acquire and use complex system of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such system. Language is the most important thing in all parts of the world in having interaction with each others. It communicates people with other by making statements, explaining report, or expressing ideas, include spoken or written language. Without the existence of the language, people will never be able to have a relation with other.

Winston and Rinehart (1993:21) say that language is the same no matter what system of writing may be used to record it, just as a person is the same no

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA matter how you take his picture; the most of languages that are spoken today have been applied either in relatively recent times or not to all.

Alsop and Hunt (1967:274) say that language has been defined as the expression and communication of ideas and emotions by a set of sounds made by the speech organs and arranged in meaningful patterns. It is easily man’s most effective means of communicating with others. The sounds are combined to form words, which can be arranged as phrases and sentences.

Language, itself, is the most distinctive of human activities; will always guide all people who speak that language in order to make statements, expressions, and even when describing something that they would like to know by making sentences to build the information.

The writer of this paper has chosen Radclyffe hall’s novel The Well of

Lonelinessas the topic of this paper. The writer is interested in describing sentences that are used by the author to compose the novel because the novel contains so many types of sentences.

Generally, Sentences is a group of word, usually containing a verb, that express a thought in the form of a statement, question, instruction, or exclamation and starts with a capital letter when written. Hans (1967:8) says that the basic model of the English sentence consists of only two major elements. A complete sentence normally has at least a subject and a predicate.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA A sentence is a unit of thought: it express one central idea to which any other idea are closely related. The subject of a sentence is usually a noun or pronoun. Nouns name or classify things, activities, places and concepts. The predicate of a sentence always contain a verb, a word that makes some sort of assertion. And pronouns are word that can substitute for nouns. Thus, pronouns can be subject or object or verbs or prepositions. A sentence cannot exist without a verb. Verbs indicate some kind of action, the occurrence of something, or the presence of some condition.

A sentences as a number of words beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop; sentences as a group of words expressing a complete thought or as a group of word grammatically independent. (Alsop and Hunt,

1967:323)

Based to Alsop& Hunt there are eight Basic sentences patterns types, with the pattern of each given :

1. Noun + Intransitive Verb : Tom laughs

2. Noun + Intransitive Verb + Adverbial : Tom laughs loudly

3. Noun + Link. Verb + Noun (Complement) : Tome became a carpenter

4. Noun + Link. Verb + Adjv : Tom is happy

5. Noun + Transitive verb + Noun (Direct Object) : Tome makes boat

6. Noun + Trans. Verb + Noun (Ind. Object) : Tom makesbill boat

7. Noun + Transitive Verb + Noun (obj) + Adv : Tom makes boats well

8. Noun + Verb + Noun + Indefinite artcle + Noun : Tom made bill a friend

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Woods (2010:9-10) says,” Grammar means a set of standard that you have to follow in order to speak and write better. Functional grammar guides you to the right expression –the one that fits what you are trying to say –by ensuring that the sentence is correct.”

Roberts(1958:132) say that grammar is reserved for an analytical and terminological study of sentences.

However, the writer is not going to talk about the patterns or even the parts of a sentence but, the writer would like to talk about the kinds of sentence.

Alsop and Hunt (1967:325) say that sentences may be classified according to their grammatical structure and their function. The classification according to grammatical may be divided into four kinds of sentences, they are: the simple sentence, Compound Sentences, Complex Sentences and Compound-Complex

Sentences.

So, Based on the Alsop and Hunt opinion, the writer has already decided to describe the sentences are used by Radclyffe Hall his Novel the well of loneliness. The writer has found so many sentences in that novel which are going to be described.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.2 Problem of Study

Based on the background, the problem of this study can be defined as below:

1. What kinds of sentences are used by Radclyffe Hall in the novel the

well of loneliness?

2. What kinds of sentences are dominantly used by Radclyffe Hall in the

novel the well of loneliness?

1.3 Scope of study

This study is focused on sentences description, especially kinds of sentence from chapter 1 until chapter 10according to grammatical structure that used by Radclyffe Hall in the novel the well of lonelinessand also the percentage of kinds or forms of sentences that the writer has used in the novel.

1.4 Purpose of study

There are two mainly purposes of the study, and they are:

1. To describe the kinds of sentences used by Radclyffe Hall through the

novel the well of loneliness.

2. To find out the dominantly sentences are used by Radclyffe Hall in the

novel the well of loneliness.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.5 Method of Study

The writer used descriptive qualitative method. The first step did by the writer was reading the novel to get point of understanding sentences used by the author in the novel the well of loneliness. Next step is the writer spent time in library to search some books to be read that the books are relevant to the topic that can support the description of sentences are used, in order to finish out this paper.

The writer also used internet to search and collected data to enrich accurate data.

Finally, the writer described and analyzes the data and makes some conclusion.

To ease the reader understanding in the method, the writer describes a chart as below

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA THE SOURCES OF DATA WRITER Story of the Novel

Reading the Story and Collecting the Data

Studying and Classifying Finding the Data

Inordertofindoutthedominanttypeofsentenceusedinthenovelthewriter uses Bungin’sformula (2005:172):

N= FX /N x100 %

Where: N =Percentage oftype sentence

FX =Total number of the type ofsentence

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In completing the writing of this paper, the writer has consulted with many certain books in the library research.

2.1. Grammar

Jeffrey Coughil (2003:xvi) saysthe grammar of a language is the set of rules that govern its structure. Grammar determines how words are arranged to form meaningful units.

Frank (1990:1) says, ”traditionally, word can be classified into eight parts of speech such as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, preposition, and interjection which will form a sentence.” Hancock (2005:6) says,

“ grammar is the natural, inherent, meaning making system of language, a system that governs the ways word comes together to form meaning; grammar is also the study of that system, the various theories or perspectives that attempt to understand.”

Lauren and Duncan (1984:4) say that grammar is the systematic study of language, but this is only the most recent meaning of the word. Grammar is, in a real sense, still the study of magic. As any reader who has been transported by the written word knows, a sentence can have an overpowering and enchanting quality. but as a writer who has struggled with those words realizes that there is little sleight of hand involved. The product may be magical, but the process is just plain hard work.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2. Sentence

A clauseis a group of words that forms part of a sentence and must contain

(at least) a subject and a predicate.

Example:

1. The baby is happy

2. The sky is blue

A clause is a group related words containing a subject that tell readers what the sentence is about, and a verb that tells readers what the subject is doing.

There are two kind of clause. They are independent clause and dependent clause.

An independent clause, also called a main clause, is a clause that can stand on this own. It contains all information necessary to be a complete sentence. A dependent clause, is also called a subordinate clause, is a clause that cannot stand in this own because it doesn’t contain all information necessary to be all complete sentence.

These are independent and dependent clause. The bold sentences are independent clauses where as the unbold are dependent clauses.

1) Yona ate a chocolate cake after she made a coffee.

2) Rihanadoesn’t like go to the movies because she doesn’t like a crowded.

3) A man who has courage will not desert his friend.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lauren and Duncan (1984:33-34) say that a sentence is a self-contained grammatical unit that ends with a “full-stop” punctuation mark (period, question mark, or exclamation point). It must contain a verb and a subject (stated or implied), and it must state a complete thought.

Badudu(1994) mengungkapkan bahwa sebagai sebuah satuan, kalimat memiliki dimensi bentuk & dimensi isi. Kalimat harus memenuhi kesatuan bentuk sebab kesatuan bentuk itulah yang menjadikan kesatuan arti kalimat. Kalimat yg yang strukturnya benar tentu memiliki kesatuan bentuk sekaligus kesatuan arti.

Wujud struktur kalimat adalah rangkaian kata-kata yang disusun berdasarkan aturan-aturan tata kalimat. Isi suatu kalimat adalah gagasan yang dibangun oleh rangkaian konsep yang terkandung dalam kata-kata. Jadi, kalimat (yang baik) selalu memiliki struktur yang jelas. Setiap unsur yang terdapat di dalamnya harus menempati posisi yang jelas dalam hubungan satu sama lain. Kata-kata itu diurutkan menurut aturan tata kalimat. (Badudu (1994) says that as a unit, the sentence has dimensions shape and dimensions of the contents. Sentences must completing unity because unity forms the shape that enacting unified meaning.

Sentences that the correct structure would have a unity of form at the same time the sense of unity. The form of the sentence structure is a series of words which is based on the rules of syntax. The contents of a sentence are constructed by a series of concepts that are contained in words. Thus, a good sentennce always has a clear structure. Each element contained therein which must occupy a clear position.

Each element contained therein which must occupy a clear position in relation to each other. The words are sorted according to the rules of syntax).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.3 Kinds of Sentences

There are basically four kinds of sentences based on the content in language. They are simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound complex sentence.

Alsop and Hunt (1967:15-36) classify sentences into three kinds of sentences. Sentences, may be classified according to

1) Their grammatical structure,

2) Their function,

3) Their rhetorical form

Classification according to grammatical structure:

1) The Simple Sentence, which contains only one clause

E.g.One Winter afternoon Sandy went to Coffee shop

2) The Compound Sentences, which contains two or more principal clause

and one or more subordinate clauses

E.g.Dina soon gave up playing and went to the door

3) The Complex Sentences, which consist of a principal clause and one or

more subordinate clauses

E.g.She looked out into the garden, which was empty now and very still

4) The Compound Complex Sentences, which consist of two or more

principal clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.

E.g.The lazy, dirty, short boy who is wearing dark yellow shirt, skinny blue

jeans and sitting there is my classmate

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Classification of sentences according to function:

1) The Declarative Sentences, which make a statement.

2) The Interrogative Sentences, which asks a questions.

3) The Imperative Sentences, which make a request, give an order, or express

a desire or entreaty.

4) The Exclamatory Sentences, which gives emphasis to a statement by

expressing it in the form of an exclamation.

Classification of sentences according to rhetorical form (according to the order of the phrases and clauses in the sentence):

1) The Periodic Sentence in one in which the principal clause comes at the

end of the sentence or is completed only at the end of the sentences, the

reader being held in suspense until the period which marks the completion

of the thought.

2) The Loose Sentences (the most commonly used kind of sentence) is one in

which the principal clause is followed by one or more phrases or

subordinate. The phrases and clauses are so arranged that the sentences

could have been terminated at one point or another before it was

completed.

3) The Loose- Periodic Sentence is a periodic sentence except for the fact

that it end with a shot subordinate clause

4) The Balanced Sentence is so constructed that one part of it is similar to

another part in length and form.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lauren and Duncan (1984:35) say that sentences classified by structure divided into four kinds of sentences.

A. Simple Sentence

A simple sentence is a sentence that contains only one subject and one predicate either or both of which may be compound. For instance:

1) The farmers work in the field

2) Dyan and dyane look muck alike

3) The cat jumped and ran away

4) The boy and his sister study and play together

The first sentence contains only one subject and one predicate. The subject of the second consist of two nouns joined by and; this is calls a compound subject.

The predicate of the third consist of two verbs joined by and; this is called a compound predicate. In the fourth both of subject and predicate are compound.

B. Compound Sentence

A compound sentence is a sentence that contains two or more coordinate clauses connected by such conjunctions as and, but, or, therefore, for, etc. For instance:

1) The bell rang and the students dispersed

2) Wool is warm, but silk is beautiful

3) Work hard or you’ll fail

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4) Mary was tired, therefore she wanted go to the bed

Each of these sentences contains two clauses joined by a conjunction.

These clauses are all principal clauses and chance coordinate, for they can stand alone and make complete sense.

C. Complex Sentence

Complex sentence is a sentence that contains one principal clause and one or more than one subordinate clauses. For instance:

1. You know that she is my girlfriend

2. The girl who wears the white silk gown is my daughter

3. When I have time, I play with my children

Each of sentences contains two clauses one of which is a principal clause and the other is a subordinate clause. In the first, the subordinate clause is a noun clause; in the second, it is an adjective clause; in the third; it is an adverbial clause.

The subordinate clause must be connected with the principal clause by such conjunction as that, if, because, such pronouns as who, which, that, or such adverbs as when, where, why.

D. Compound Complex Sentence

Compound-complex sentence is sentence contains one or more subordinate clauses which compound with principal clauses. For instance:

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1) The teacher will help you only when it is necessary, but you have to do the

work by yourself.

2) Employ your time well if you mean to gain leisure and since you are not sure

of a minute, don’t throw away an hour.

3) I wanted to travel after Igraduated from college; however I had to go to work

immediately.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. THE STUDY AND FINDING

3.1 The Study of Sentence Types Found in the Novel

There are four types of sentence found in the novel the well of loneliness.

They are:

3.1.1 Simple Sentence

A. Simple sentences which consist of a subject and a verb.

For instance: a) Sir Philip fastened the brush to her saddle.

b) And Collins began to laugh weakly.

The above simple sentences are simple sentences which contains of one subject and one verb. The simple sentences a) shows us that it has “Sir Philip”, it’s a subject of that sentences, then followed by “fastened the brush”, verb phrase as a predicate and “to her saddle” as object the sentences.

The simple sentence b) is contains ‘Collins’ as a subject , then followed by

‘began to laugh’ verb phrase as a predicate and ‘weakly’ as an adverb of manner.

B. Simple Sentences which consist of two verbs and a subject

The Simple Sentences which consist of two verbs and a subject, the verb or even the subject may be a phrase or a noun.

For instance: a) Collins Picked up the hand and stared at it.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA b) He looked up and understood the silence.

c) Then Stephen turned and fled from them wildly.

Those simple sentences are simple sentence which contains a subject and two verbs. The simple sentence a) has a subject, Collins; and two verbs, Picked up and stared at. The simple sentence b) has ‘he’ as subject and two verbs ‘looked up and understood’. Simple sentence c) has a ‘Stephen’ as a subject and two verb

‘turned and fled’ and followed by ‘wildly’ as adverb of manner.

C. Simple Sentences which consist of direct speech

For instance: a) ‘Is that dangerous?’ demanded the child, looking frightened.

b) ‘No, no!’ he said sharply.

The writers find a different sentence in the novel the well of loneliness, the example above show us that simple sentence which has direct speech can be describe in some verbs. The simple sentence a) has demanded as a predicate. The simple sentence has also a subject the child and also has and a noun phrase as a verb looking frightened’ that makes it become a simple sentence.

Simple sentence has many kinds. The several examples above have been explained by the writers. We can describe them from the elements that build them become a simple sentence. However, the simple sentence normally only has a subject and predicate. It also means that it has one independent clause.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA There are 106 Simple Sentences found in the novel. They are:

1) What a hand!’ he would say.(p,7)

2) Nor had Anna produced other female offspring. (p,8)

3) I’ll thank her to mind her own business! (p,10)

4) Thus Stephen remained cock of the roost. (p,8)

5) Sometimes she would shed slow, miserable tears, remembering the inarticulate

Stephen. (p,9)

6) She would think: ‘I ought to be proud of the likeness, proud and happy.(p,9) 7) Collins Picked up the hand and stared at it. (p,10)

8) Collins said politely: ‘Good-Morning, Miss Stephen’. (p,10)

9) Stephen first became conscious of an urgent necessity to love. (p,10)

10) But Stephen said firmly!: ‘I’m cleaning my nails ‘cause Collins doesn’t like them- she says they’re dirty! (p,10)

11) ‘What impudence!’ snapped the nurse, thoroughly annoyed. (p,10)

12) Collins was saying: ‘Interfere with your child? Oh no, Mrs. Birmingham, never! (p,11)

13) Stephen stood still in the nursery doorway. (p,11)

14) Sometimes Collins would play up, especially to Nelson. (p,13)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 15) I hate you! I hate you! I hate you! She would mutter, thumping their innocuous faces. (p,14)

16) ‘Is that dangerous?’ demanded the child, looking frightened. (p,14)

17) ‘What’s that?’ enquired Stephen. (p,14)

18) The water in me kneecap – you can see if you press it, Miss Stephen (p, 14)

19) ‘Oh hush!’ murmured Collins, Thoroughly shocked. (p,16)

20) Collins stared: ‘Good gracious, whatever’s the matter? Whatever have you been doing, Miss Stephen. (p,16)

21) And Collins began to laugh weakly. (p,16)

22) She would say: I do love you awfully, Collins. (p,17)

23) And perhaps she would tell her, just at the very end – just before this last picture faded. (p,18)

24) Sir Philip and His daughter would walk on the hillsides, in and out of the blackthorn and young green backen. (p,18)

25) Don’t be always under me feet now, Miss Stephen. (p,20)

26) He had looked upon Collins with eyes of approval. (p,20)

27) Sir Philip was looking back over his shoulder. (p,34)

28) At that moment it seemed to embody all kindness, all strength, and all understanding. (p,34)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 29) But the very next moment she had seized a broken flowerpot and hurled it hard and straight at the footman. (p,21)

30) Then Stephen turned and fled from them wildly. (p,21)

31) Away and away, anyhow, anywhere, solong as she need not see them! (p,21)

32) I am telling you the truth, dear. (p,22)

33) Collins and the footman must go. (p,22)

34) The mother was doing all the talking. (p,23)

35) She’s trying to keep something back, thought Anna, feeling more nonplussed ever moment. (p,23)

36) Stephen never went to her father’s study in order to talk of her grief over

Collins. (p,23)

37) She was ugly, having small, round black eyes like currant- not inquisitive blue eyes like Collins. (p,23)

38) She would look right and left for imaginary traffic, slipping a hand under

Anna’s elbow. (p,26)

39) And yet was this love? Anna often wondered. (p,26)

40) ‘God doesn’t use soap!’ she might suddenly remark. (p,30)

41) But Stephen would continue to shout at the Lord in a kind of impotent defiance. (p,30)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 42) ‘Oh yes, yes-‘Stephen’s voice sounded breathless. (p,34)

43) ‘It do be a pity as her isn’t a boy, our young lady’, she told her husband.(P,32)

44) Sir Philip fastened the brush to her saddle. (p,35)

45) He listened very gravely, just stroking her hair. (p,21)

46) The Antrims lived half a mile from Ledbury, on the other side of the hills.

(P,40)

47) I could never eat big bits of plum cake like Stephen. (p,40)

48) Stephen, true to tradition, stubbed her toe rather badly as she blundered towards Mrs. Antrim. (p,42)

49) She laughed as though something amused her. (p,42)

50) Mrs. Antrim glanced quickly from Stephen to Violet with a look of material pride. (p,42)

51) Nanny says I’m a dainty feeder. (p,40)

52) She was actually rolling up the sleeves of her smock. (p,44)

53) Then he sauntered out of the schoolroom. (p,44)

54) ‘No, no!’ he said sharply. (p,45)

55) He kissed her. (p,46)

56) At which Stephen would giggle. (p,48)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 57) Then Stephen explained about ex-SergeantSmylie. (p,49)

58) Stephen went pounding back to the schoolroom. (p,49)

59) Anna nodded. (p,50)

60) I hate all that sort of thing for girls. (p,50)

61) She said that slowly. (p,51)

62) He saw this and went on, speaking more quickly, as though anxious to cover her confusion. (p,52)

63) She faltered, sitting down abruptly. (p,52)

64) She said quite simply. (p,53)

65) He looked up and understood the silence. (p,54)

66) Anna felt doubtful regarding this new purchase. (p,56)

67) The Panhard was a high-shouldered, snub-nosed abortion with a loud, vulgar voice and an uncertain temper. (p,58)

68) Then Stephen had laughed too: ‘Well you are little, Puddle- Oh I’m sorry

(p,60)

69) There were so many rules that a very large time-sheet had had to be fastened to the blackboard in the schoolroom. (p,59)

70) Miss. Puddleton did not look very inspiring – not at all as one having authority, in fact. (p,59)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 71) She makes no effort to improve her appearance. (p,64)

72) But Stephen had seen that fleeting expressions. (p,64)

73) Anna would reproach, very gravely. (p,65)

74) But Anna went less and less often to the study. (p,70)

75) He would constantly now remain in his study right into the early hours of the morning. (p,72)

76) She would hear his desolate sounding footsteps. (p,72)

77) She would open that door very gently – by inches. (p,72)

78) Stephen would be lying very straight, very large, very long, underneath and neatly drawn covers. pP,72)

79) She slept deeply. (p,73)

80) The eye of youth is very observant. (p,73)

81) Her breathing would be even and placid. (p,73)

82) The fire must not die and leave her in darkness. (p,74)

83) You shall not fail me by failing yourself. (p,74)

84) She had passed for the first time through the heavy white doorway under the shining semicircular fanlight. (p,75).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 85) Then Stephen would know that her father felt young, very young, and was wanting her to flatter him a little. (p.77)

86) He stood perfectly still until the trees hid her. (p,88)

87) They spoke very little (p, 89)

88) She got up. (p,91)

89) She walked on disconsolate, thinking deeply. (p,91)

90) It had come. (p,95)

91) But Sir Philip was fighting the battle of pain; of intense, irresistible, unmanning pain. (p,10)5

92) It fell on his heart like a blow. (p,96)

93) Everyone felt very deeply aggrieved. (p,96)

94) Anna broke out in angry protest. (p,99)

95) Anna didn’t want that kind of life for her daughter. (p,99)

96) But he lay there unable to answer. (p,105)

97) Marriage wasn’t the only career for a woman. (p,99)

98) Next year he was going to send Stephen to Oxford (p,99)

99) I won’t let her face you hatred alone. (p,100)

100) The man nodded. (p,105)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 101) He lay silent, not answering Anna. (p,105)

102) He could speak very loudly. (p,106)

103) I’ll wait in the next room. (p,106)

104) She would think: ‘Now, I’m Nelson. (p,16)

105) ‘Steady on, Stephen’ came Sir Philip’s voice, warning.(p,33)

106) Sir Philip said: ‘Are you happy, my Stephen?’ (p,36)

3.1.2 Compound Sentence

A. Compound Sentence joined by a coordinating conjunction.

There are many coordinators used in joining two clauses that build those compound sentences.

Such as for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. It’s also called the FANBOYS.

For instance: a) ‘You’re home very early, Stephen,’ said Anna, but Sir Philip was staring at his daughter’s face. b) The dream was a mixture of rapture and discomfort, and it stayed quite a long time with Stephen. c) Please give me a knee that’s all full of water, so I can have Collins’s operation.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA These compound sentences are compound sentence joined by a coordinator. The first sentence has two independent clause, they are: you’re home very early, Stephen’ said Anna. And Sir Philip was staring at his daughter’s face.

The two independent clauses are joined by a coordinator (but). This second compound sentence also has two independent clauses. They both have their each element that builds them up. The second sentence is joined by a coordinator (and).

The third sentence c) also has two independent clause are joined by a coordinator

(so).

B. Compound Sentences joined by two or more coordinating conjunction.

Sometimes a coordinator put in the beginning and some also put in the middle of sentence.

For Instance:

a) But Anna came less and less often to the study, and she would be sitting alone and idle. b) I shan’t be unkind, but she’ll go away tomorrow, and meanwhile I don’t want you to see her again. c) Then Sir Philip would smile and tease her little, and would tell her that one day she want pretty frocks and his teasing was always excessively gentle, so that it hurt not at all.

Those compound sentences are the compound sentences joined two or more coordinator. The compound sentence a) has two independent clauses. They

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA are: But Anna came less and less often to the study and she would be sitting alone and idle. The two clauses are begun by coordinator (but) and a coordinator (and) to make them join together. They are joined by two coordinating conjunctions.

The second compound sentence (b) has three independent clauses. They are joined by two coordinating conjunctions. The first independent clause joined by the coordinating conjunction (but) to the second independent clause, and the second independent clause joined by the coordinating conjunction (and) to the third independent clause.

Finally, the last compound sentences that consist of three independent clauses which make it become compound sentence. The first independent clause is joined by coordinator (and) to the second independent clause and then, the next independent clause joined by coordinating conjunction (so) to the third independent clause , that’s make them join together become compound sentence

C. Compound Sentences joined by comma or other punctuations.

For Instance: a) It such outbreaks she would feel much more cheerful, would find it almost easy to be docile and obedient. b) She could not have told you why it should be so; she only felt that it was. c) Love was simple like that; it just followed its impulse and asks no questions, it was beautifully simple.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The compound sentence a) can be seen that it has two clauses. The two clauses are the independent clause. The connector that joins both of clauses is a comma. The second compound sentence b) is joined by a semicolon. And the third compound sentence c) it has three independent clauses are joined two coordinating conjunctions. The first independent clause is joined by a semicolon to the second independent clause and joined by a comma to the last independent clause.

There are 92 Compound Sentences found in the novel. They are:

1) The hand would be making an effort to fondle, and Stephen would be conscious of that effort. (p,8)

2) Thus he often discussed the future of their child: I think I shall put Stephen down for Harrow,’ or I’d rather like Stephen to finish off abroad, it widens one’s outlook on life. (p,6)

3) They were like pregnant women, full-bosomed, courageous, great-green- girdled mother of splendid sons! (p,6)

4) Beyond that first energetic protest at birth she had done very little howling.

(p,7)

5) She would lie awake at night and ponder this thing, scourging herself in an access of contrition; accusing herself of hardness of spirit, of being an unnatural mother. (p,9)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 6) She adored her father, but that was quite different; he was part of herself, he had always been there, she could not envisage the world without him – it was other with Collins, the housemaid. (p,10)

7) She was timid by nature, and the nurse’s sharp tongue was a byword throughout the household. (p,11)

8) ‘It’s me housemaid’s knee, she confided to Stephen, ‘It’s not you, it’s me housemaid’s knee dearie.(p,14)

9) Stephen stood speechless from a sheer sense of joy, all her doubts swept completely away. (p,12)

11) And indeed she did not; she knew nothing of such trifles at that moment.(p,12)

12) Miss Stephen’s quite different from other young ladies – she’s got none of their pretty little ways – it’s a pity. (p,13)

13) It all comes from polishing tem floors, Miss Stephen; I didn’t ought to polish them floors. (p,14)

14) Collins rolled down a coarse woolen stocking and displayed the afflicted member; it was blotchy and swollen and far from attractive, but knee with finger.(p,14)

15) I’d like to be awfully hurt for you, Collins, the way that Jesus was hurt for sinners. (p,14)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 16) The dream was a mixture of rapture and discomfort, and it stayed quite a long time with Stephen. (p,15)

17) This was much worse than barking one’s shins in the garden; it was much worse even than picking of a scab! Nelson helped her a little. (p,16)

18) She smiled a little in spite of herself; she suddenly hugged the child warmly.

(p,16)

19) ‘Are you telling the truth?’ Stephen asks her, still doubting, still mindful of that first day of Love’s young dream.(p,17)

20) I love you so much; it makes me want to cry. (p,17)

21) Perhaps they would be walking in the garden, hand in hand, or pausing on hillside to listen to the cuckoo; or perhaps they would be skimming over miles of

Blue Ocean in a queer little ship with a leg-of- mutton sail, like the one in the fairy story. (p,18)

22) She could not have told you why it should be so, she only felt that it was.

(p,18)

23) He taught out of love for both subject and pupil, and he thus taught he watched Stephen. (p,19)

24) Then Sir Philip would smile and tease her little, and would tell her that one day she want pretty frocks. (p,19)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 25) Then perhaps he would frown and become lost in thought, or perhaps he might suddenly call her; Stephen, come here!’ (p,19)

26) He had said: ‘Stop that damned kid hanging around you; if you don’t she’ll go blabbing about us. (p,20)

27) ‘Stephen’s been naughty, she’s up in the nursery; she’s had one of her fits of temper,’ he remarked. (p,22)

28) She would think: ‘He loves neither me nor Collins – He wants all the pain for

Himself; He won’t share it. (p,24)

29) And then she had flushed, and had glanced up quickly, rather frightened in case she should find Anna laughing. (p,25)

30) Stephen would suddenly spring to attention, especially if they were crossing the street. (p,26)

31) She would look right and left for imaginary traffic, slipping a hand under

Anna’s elbow. (p,26)

32) She would wonder if Stephen were tired or just sulky, or if, after all, the child might be stupid. (p,27)

33) She never got used to her mother’s beauty, it always surprised her each time she saw it; it was one of those queerly unbearable things, like the fragrance of meadow- sweet under the hedged. (p,28)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 34) Anna might say: ‘What’s matter, Stephen? For goodness’ sake darling, do stop staring!’ And Stephen would feel hot with shame and confusion because

Anna had caught her staring. (p,28)

35) Presently Stephen must go to her tea, leaving the two grown up children; secretly divining that neither of them would miss her – not even her father.(p,29)

36) Now she could not see Collins‘s face at all clearly; she willed very hard in the dark. (p,31)

37) Sir Philip looked down at his daughter with contentment; she was good to look upon, he decided. (p,33)

38) ‘He knows that I’m not just a rag doll, like Violet; He knows that I’m different to her!’ Thought Stephen. (p,34)

39) They were coming to fence, and Stephen’s grip tightened a little. (p,34)

40) They killed not so very far from Worcester; it had been a stiff run, the best of the season. (p,35)

41) I’m so dreadfully happy that it makes me feel frightened, ‘cause I may not always last happy – not this way. (p,36)

42) She was painfully hypersensitive at times, and she suffered accordingly. (p,38)

43) Violet never climbed trees; she stood at the bottom admiring the courage of

Roger. (p,38)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 44) Violet was already full of feminine poses; she loved dolls, but not quite as much as she pretended. (p,39)

45) It was quite a long drive to their house from Morton – Stephen was driven over in the dog-cart. (p,40)

46) Stephen could hear her infuriating voice, the voice she reserved for children.

(p,40)

47) There were deer in the park; they would sometimes get out of the dog-cart so that Stephen could feed the does.(p,41)

48) He grabbed at his cup and nearly upset it. (p,42)

49) Come here and let me have a look at your feet. (p,42)

50) Roger was bulging inside his Eton’s; his round cheeks were puffed, very pink and aggressive. (p,42)

51) Roger swallowed some more cake; there was now no great hurry; he had thrown his sprat and had landed his mackerel. (p,43)

52) ‘Well now, listen,’ he drawled and I tell you something. (p,43)

53) I’ll wait you in next room. If you need me you’ve only got to call me.

(p,106)

54) A plate crashed to the ground and Violet screamed faintly. (p,44)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 55) Then Sir Philip tried to move, and he spoke quite loudly: ‘Stephen! Where are you? I want you, child.’ (p,104)

56) They were such faithful lovers, their love it was that had fashioned their child.

(p,100)

57) Mademoiselle sent Maman a part of her earnings, and sometimes, of course, she must help her sister. (p,48)

58) I expect they take their birds along with them; why not? “And in death they were not divided. (p,85)

59) She was dressed for riding in breeches and gaiters and her thoughts were with

Raftery. (p,52)

60) The old station fly that had come out from Malvern, drove up, and the footman seized Mademoiselle’s luggage. (p,54)

61) Miss Puddleton arrived to take possession of the schoolroom, and Sir Philip bought himself a motor car. (p,56)

62) The young body-servant was known as a chauffeur – he had come down from

London and wore clothes made of leather. (p,57)

63) And now Stephen found herself into harness for the first time in her life, and she loathed the sensation. (p,59)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 64) She talked to that brain and showed it new pictures; she gave it new thought, new hopes and ambitions; she made it feel certain and proud of achievement.

(p,60)

65) She appeared to take Stephen as a matter of course, nothing surprised or even amused her it seemed, and Stephen grew quite at ease with her. (p,60)

66) And their friendship took root, growing strong and verdant, and it flourished like a green bay tree in the schoolroom. (p,61)

67) Writing, it was like a heavenly balm, it was like the flowing out of deep waters, it was like the lifting of a load from the spirit, it brought with it sense relief, of assuagement. (p,61)

68) The wisdom of plains and primeval forests, the wisdom come down from the youth of the world. (p,62)

69) Her hands although large for a woman, were slender and meticulously tended; she was proud of her hands. (p,63)

70) She now wore the plait screwed up very tightly in the nape of her neck with a bow of black ribbon. (P,63)

71) She donned the new dress with infinite precaution, pulling out its bows and arranging its ruffles. (p,65)

72) Her large hands were clumsy but now they were willing, very penitent hands full of deep resignation. (p,65)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 73) She shook hand much too hard, digging rings into finger, this from sheer automatic nervous reaction. (p,65)

74) There she would stand with her strong arms folded, and her face somewhat strained in an effort of attention. (p,67)

75) She had gulped it all down in sheer desperation – the result had not been

Dutch courage but hiccups. (p,69)

76) Then Anna has started to talk very loudly; Mrs. Antrim had smiled and so had their hostess. (p,69)

77) But Anna came less and less often to the study, and she would be sitting alone and idle. (p,70)

78) Sir Philip would not laugh, and his eyes would seek Anna’s, questioning, amazed, incredulous and angry. (p,71)

79) Sir Philip looked older now than his age, and seeing this, Anna could scarcely endure it. (p,72)

80) Her body would be drinking in its fill of refreshment. (p,73)

81) It would rise up clean and refreshed in the morning; it would eat, speak, move

– it would move about Morton. (p,73)

82) Stephen would sometimes stir in her sleeps as though she were vaguely conscious of Anna. (p,73)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 83) She longed to leap up in her youth and strength and cast this thing out of her holy of holies. (p,74)

84) She could start to caress them. Awkwardly, shyly, stroking their hands with her strong, bony fingers – first his hand, then hers, then perhaps both together, so they smiled in spite of their trouble. (p,74)

85) They had come to adolescence even as she had, and perhaps at times they too had felt unhappy. (p,75)

86) Time had existed, but she, Stephen, had not. (p,76)

87) Love was simple like that; it just followed its impulse and ask no questions, it was beautifully simple. (p,76)

88) He liked her to ride the pick of his hunters these days, and would slyly show off her prowess. (p,77)

89) She would think: ‘I must have been terribly mistaken’, and would feel a great peace surge over her spirit. (p,77)

90) Now my children might have been brought up at Margate, they’re just about fitted to ride the beach donkeys! (p,81)

91) She was shy to primness regarding certain subject; it would actually blush if they happened to be mentioned. (p,82)

92) Sir Philip said quietly: ‘I think Stephen will tell me’. And with that Anna had perforce to be content. (p,89)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.1.3 Complex Sentence

There are complex sentence with a subordinating conjunction, such as who, that, to, if, as, although, without, when, which, but, as soon, and as if.

As sample, the writer has chosen only four complex sentences with subordinating conjunction. They are: a) He had spoken quite sharply on several occasions when the child had pleaded to be allowed to stay at home. b) The result was always far from becoming, so that Stephen would hastily palit it again. c) You’re a liar,’ breathed Stephen, who had turned very pale. d) When Anna went quietly back to the study, Sir Philip was still sitting with his head on his hand.

Those Complex sentences are complex sentence joined a subordinating conjunction. All the sentences that have been underlined are the independent clause. And the bold words are the subordinating conjunction that joins between independent clause and dependent clause. The first complex sentences has one dependent clause that precede the independent clause and they are joined by a subordinator when.

The complex sentence b) has one dependent clause that precedes the independent clause, too. This complex sentence has a subordinating conjunction

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA that joins the independent clause with the dependent clause. And it’s so that. The third complex sentence has an independent clause that precede the dependent clause and they are joined by subordinator who. The last complex sentence has a dependent clause that precede the independent clause and they are joined by a subordinating conjunction when. However, it doesn’t matter whether the dependent clause may precede the independent and also may be preceded by the independent clause.

There are 70 Complex Sentences found in the novel. They are:

1) The house itself is of Georgian red brick, with charming circular windows near the roof. (p,5)

2) Then Sir Philip would reach up and disentangle Stephen, after which he would kiss Stephen’s mother. (p,8)

3) When she told him, he could not find word expressions, and must just turn and weep on her shoulders. (p,6)

4) He christened the unborn infant Stephen, because he admired the pluck of that

Saint.(p,6)

5) The Vicar said that it was rather unusual, so to mollify him they must add female name. (p,7)

6) The son that they waited for seemed long-coming, he had not arrived when

Stephen was seven. (p,8)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 7) After such of outbreaks she would feel much more cheerful, would find it almost easy to be docile and obedient. (p,8)

8) Stephen acutely responsive to beauty would be dimly longing to find expression for a feeling almost amounting to worship, that her mother’s face had awakened. (p,9)

9) In the evening, when Collins was laying the tea, Stephen managed to get her alone. (p,11)

10) She had always despised the idiotic creature, which, however, arrived with each Christmas and birthday. (p,14)

11) They were standing alone in the spacious night-nursery, where Collins was limply making the bed. (p,14)

10) She would try to appear quite at ease with her companions, as she joined in their light-hearted conversation. (p,67)

11) The next morning she awoke with the feeling of elation that comes only in moments of perfect faith. (p,15)

12) But then she would remember that Nelson had been spared such torment.

(p,16)

13) When, she got up at last, she must hold her left leg and limp, still groaning a little. (p,16)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 14) Sometimes when the child’s heart would feel full past bearing, she must tell him her problems in small, stumbling phrases. (p,19)

15) Getting up he would turn to the house and his study, to spend all the rest of that day with his books. (p,18)

16) Tell him how much she longed to be different, longed to be someone like

Nelson. (p,19)

17) He stood as though stunned, gently mopping the cut, while Collins stared dumbly at Stephen.(p,21)

18) ‘She’s trying to keep something back’, thought Anna, feeling more nonplussed every moment. (p,23)

19) Stephen never went to her father’s study in order to talk of her grief over

Collins.(p,23)

20) Nevertheless she would smile at Stephen while she let the child guide her in and out between the puddles. (p,26)

21) Very protective and careful was Stephen she and her mother were out alone together. (p,26).

22) The cold air grew colder, but marvelously pure it was, up there above the valleys. (p,40)

23) Violet’s under lip began to tremble, but she held her ground with unexpected firmness. (p,42)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 24) Anna and Stephen would take off their coats, and go to the study in search of

Sir Philip, who would usually be there waiting. (p,28)

25) ‘Hallo Stephen!’ he would say and his pleasant, deep voice, but his eyes would be resting on Anna. (p,28)

26) But the tears would not come, nor was prayer what it had been; it lacked something – she no longer sweated when she prayed. (p,31)

27) Colonel Antrim came jogging along to Stephen, whose prowess had amused and surprised him. (p,35)

28) ‘You rode well, ‘he said briefly, and then turned to the Master. (p,35)

29) And the field settled down to the changing of horses, before drawing yet one more cover. (p,36)

30) As for Stephen, she loathed him, and her loathing was increased by a most humiliating consciousness of envy. (p,39)

31) He had spoken quite sharply on several occasions when the child had pleaded to be allowed to stay at home. (p,40)

32) She began to whistle softly through her teeth, an accomplishment in which she took a great pride. (p,41)

33) She had cried until she got permission to wear that particular pale blue frock, which was usually reserved for parties. (p,42)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 34) A special small teapot had had to be unearthed, in order that Violet could lift it. (p,42)

35) ‘They were not!’ exclaimed Stephen, growing suddenly red. (p,43)

36) ‘You’re a liar,’ breathed Stephen, who had turned very pale. (p,43)

37) ‘How could you!’ began Violet, who was plucking up courage. (P,44)

38) When Anna went quietly back to the study, Sir Philip was still sitting with his head on his hand. (p,45)

39) After which there was naturally less discipline than ever in the schoolroom, but considerably more friendship. (p,48)

40) Meanwhile, Stephen grew fond of the mild-faced Frenchwoman, who in her turn adored the unusual child.(p,48)

41) And now life was full of new interest for Stephen, an interest that centered entirely in her body. (p,50)

42) Raftery was five and Stephen was twelve when they solemnly pledged their devotion. (p,51)

43) She grew suddenly uneasy, like a youngster who object to the rather unpleasant process of mouthing. (p,52)

44) There ensued a long silence, she tapping her leg with her whip, he speculating about her. (p,52)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 45) The rain must have mingled with Mademoiselle’s tears, for the weather had broken and now it was raining. (p,54)

46) At last she threw the thing into the fire, where it shifted distressfully, sizzling and humming. (p,55)

47) She was beautiful still, and this fact rejoiced her in secret, because of her husband. (p,56)

48) To make matter worse, Sir Philip’s behavior was that of a school-boy with some horrid new contraption. (p,57)

49) Puddle knew what she wanted and saw that she got it, both in and out of the schoolroom. (p,60)

50) The result was always far from becoming, so that Stephen would hastily palit it again. (p,63)

51) All of which only added to Stephen’s tribulation by making her still more self- conscious. (p,66)

52) While despising these girls, she yet longed to be like them – yes, indeed, at such moments she longed o be like them. (p,67)

53) As long as they refrained from too intimate details, she would fondly imagine that her interest passed muster. (p,67)

54) Embarrassed, she would sit staring down at her hands, which would seem to be growing more and more awkward. (p,68)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 55) After that Stephen shunned champagne like the plague – better hopeless depression, she decided, than hiccups! (p,69)

56) After which their discussion on the making of book held an even more vital enchantment. (p,70)

57) That was why she now went too seldom to the study when Sir Philip and his daughter were together. (p,71)

58) Sometimes she would think them quietly over as two fellow creatures whom chance had made her parents. (p,75)

59) The ten-year-old Raftery was now wiser than Sir Philip, who would often behave like a fool hardly schoolboy. (p,77)

60) But whatever the reason, he felt drawn to this friendship that had leapt so suddenly into being. (p,83)

61) He talked about trees as some men talk of ships, because they love them and the element they stand for. (p,82)

62) She was always thrusting her dolls upon Stephen, making her undress them and put them to the bed.(p, 39)

63) She sat beside William in gloomy silence, with the collar of her coat turned up to hear ears. (p,40)

64) The whole of her suddenly drooped and looked helpless, as she stood staring down at the carpet. (p,44)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 65) Stephen would knee by the side of the bed, but in such moods as these her prayers would sound angry. (p,30)

66) She stood still, but her glance kept straying to the window, to the sunshine that seemed to be beckoning through the window. (p,52)

67) After all the girl was just like other girls – they almost ceased to resent her.

(p,86)

68) Please give me a knee that’s all full of water, so I can have Collins’s operation. (p,15)

69) ‘You’re home very early, Stephen,’ said Anna, but Sir Philip was staring at his daughter’s face. (p,45)

70) Everything went by the board but this passion of the child’s for training her body. (p,50)

3.1.4 Compound Complex Sentence

A. Compound Complex Sentence with two conjunctions (Subordinator or

Coordinator)

Such as: for, and, that, but, so, as, if, what, when, etc.

For Instance:

a) Sir Philip was a tall man and exceedingly well-favored, but his charm lay

less in feature than in a certain wide expression, a tolerant expression that

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA might almost be called noble, andin something sad yet gallant in his deep-

set hazel eyes.

b) Anna felt doubtful, butSir Philip was stubborn, as he could be at times

over whims.

Those compound complex sentences are the compound complex sentence which has two conjunctions that join every clause that builds them up become a compound-complex sentence. The sentences that have been underlined above are the independent clause. The bold words are the conjunctions that join the independent clause to the dependent clause. The first compound complex sentences are joined by two conjunctions. They are but, and.

The second compound complex sentence also has two conjunctions that make them build up. The sentence has two independent clauses and one of dependent clause. The independent clauses are joined by a conjunction but, and one of independent clause is joined by conjunction as, to the dependent clause.

B. Compound Complex Sentence with more than two conjunctions.

For instance:

a) Mother and daughter would walk in the garden, or wander about together

through the meadows, andAnna would remember the son of her dreams,

who had played with her in those meadows.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The compound complex sentence has two independent clauses that joined three conjunctions. The underlined sentences above are the independent clause.

The first underlined independent clause joined by or to the dependent clause, and joined by and to the Independent clause. The second underlined sentence clause is joined by a subjunctive adverb who to the compliment the sentence, dependent clause.

There are 46 Compound Complex Sentences found in the novel. They are:

1) Sir Philip was a tall man and exceedingly well-favored, but his charm lay less in feature than in a certain wide expression, a tolerant expression that might almost be called noble, and in something sad yet gallant in his deep-set hazel eyes.

(p,5)

2) Sir Philip never knew how much he longed for a son until, some ten years after marriage, his wife conceived a child; then he knew that this thing meant complete fulfillment, the fulfillment for which they had both been waiting.(p,6)

3) The child was baptised in the village church as Stephen Mary Olivia Gertrude – and she throve, seeming strong, and when her hair grew it was seen to be auburn like Sir Philip’s. (p,7)

4) Anna, attracted by the outlandish hubbub, would find them, and would point to the mud on the carpet. (p,8)

5) Collins sweeping the stairs for two years and had passed her by quite unnoticed; but one morning, when Stephen was just over seven, Collins looked up

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and suddenly smiled, then all in a moment Stephen knew that she loved her – a staggering revelation! (p,10)

6) And Collins smiled too, if the nurse was not looking, and she held up her plump red fingers, pointing to her nails and making a grimace at the nurse’s retreating figure. (p,11)

7) She had often been rather puzzled about Him, since she herself was fearful of pain – when she barked her shins on the gravel in the garden, it was not always easy to keep back her tears – and yet Jesus had chosen to bear pain for sinners, when He might have called up all those angels (p, 14)

8) But when Anna had kissed her and had turned out the light, then it was that

Stephen prayed in good earnest-with such fervour, indeed, that she dripped perspiration in a veritable orgy of prayer. (p,15)

9) The nursery floor was covered with carpet, which was obviously rather unfortunate for Stephen; had it only been parquet like the drawing-room and study, she felt it would better have served her purpose. (p,16)

10) Her taught her the simpler law of nature, which, though simple, had always filed him with wonder; the law of the sap as it flowed through the branches, the law of the wind that came stirring the sap, the law of bird life and building of nests, the law of the cuckoo’s varying call, which in June changed to ‘Cuckoo- kook! He taught out love for both subject and pupil, and while he thus taught he watched Stephen. (p,19)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 11) Anna felt doubtful, but Sir Philip was stubborn, as he could be at times over whims. (p,7)

12) She was utterly confounded, while her love grew the stronger for so much hard pruning, and she tried to woo Collins by offerings of bull’s-eyes and chocolate drops, which the maid took because she liked them. (p,20)

13) Nor could she, in those lonely watches of the night-time, pluck up courage enough to reproach the Lord Jesus, who, she felt, could have helped her quite well had He chosen to accord her a housemaid’s knee. (p,24)

14) Mother and daughter would walk in the garden, or wander about together through the meadows, and Anna would remember the son of her dreams, who had played with her in those meadows. (p,24)

15) Anna would feel the small hand at her elbow, and would think that the fingers were curiously strong; strong and efficient they would feel, like Sir Philip’s and this always vaguely displeased her. (p,26)

16) It was a queer feeling; it was too big for Stephen, who was still rather little when it came to affair of the spirit. (p,28)

17) he rest of the evening would be spent in grumbling, because one does grumble when one is unhappy – at least one does grumble when one is seven – later on it may seem rather useless. (p,29)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 18) And now Stephen would spend long hours at the stables, swaggering largely in corduroy breeches, hobnobbing with Williams, the old stud groom, who had a soft place in his heart for the child. (p,31)

19) At which Stephen must blush and grow slightly mendacious, pretending to give all the credit to the pony, pretending to feel very humble of spirit, which she knew she was far from feeling.(p,35)

20) Her head fell back and lay on his shoulder, while her eyelids drooped, heavy with well-earned sleep; she had to blink very hard several times over in order to get the better of that sleep. (p,37)

21) Her relations with other children were peculiar, she thought sp herself and so did the children; they could not define it and neither could Stephen, but there it was all the same. (p,38)

22) And because she love this kind English valley, Stephen’s sulky eyes must turn and rest upon it; not all her apprehension and sense of injustice could take from her eyes the joy of that seeing.(p,39)

23) She went heavily downstairs and out into the lobby, where she put on her hat and coat; then she made her way round the house to the stables, in search of old

Williams and the dog-cart. (p,44)

24) However, Anna seemed quite contented, since Stephen was becoming so proficient in French; and observing that his wife looked less anxious these days,

Sir Philip said nothing, biding his time. (p,48)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 25) Stephen did not learn to lift pianos with her stomach, but as time went on she did become quite an expert gymnast and fencer; and as Mademoiselle Duphot confided to Anna, it was after all very charming to watch her, so supple and young and quick in her movements. (p,49)

26) The hunter, when he came, was grey-coated and slender, and his eyes were as soft as an Irish morning, and his courage was as bright as an Irish sunrise, and his hearts was as young as the wild hearts of Ireland, but devoted and loyal and eager for service, and his name was sweet on the tongue as you spoke it – being Raftery, after the poet. (p,50)

27) Kind Mademoiselle Duphot who smiled when she shouldn’t, who laughed when she shouldn’t, and now she was weeping – but weeping as only a Latin can weep, shedding rivers of tears and sobbing quite loudly. (p,53)

28) Stephen made friends with the execrable Burton, and Burton, who was only too anxious to gain allies, soon started to teach her parts of the engine; he taught her drive too, Sir Philip being willing, and off they would go, the three of them together, leaving Williams to glare at the disappearing motor. (p,58)

29) I’ve prayed quite a lot, but Jesus won’t to listen, so I’ve got to get housemaid’s knee my own way – I can’t wait any longer for Jesus. (p,16)

30) And Raftery would hardly know what he should answer, since all human creatures, so far as he knew them, must run between shaft-God-like though they were, they undoubtedly had to run between shaft ... (p,60)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 31) Then Puddle would smile, and that smile would warm Stephen while it mocked her a little; but it also mocked Puddle – they would share that warm smile with its fun and its kindness, so that neither of them could feel hurt or embarrassed. (p,61)

32) And Raftery, who was not really thinking of the corn-bin, but rolling his eye in an effort to answer, would want to say something too big for his language, which at best must consist of small sounds and small movements; would want to say something about a strong feeling he had that Stephen was missing the truth.

(p,62)

33) At seventeen Stephen was a taller than Anna, who had used to be considered quite all tall for a woman, but Stephen was nearly as tall as her father – not a beauty this, in the eyes of the neighbors. (p,63)

34) Sometimes Anna would triumph, having journeyed to London to procure soft and very expensive dresses, which her daughter must wear in order to please her, because she would come home quite tired by such journeys. (p,64)

35) Safely steered to her seat at the long, dinner-table, Stephen would struggle to smile and talk brightly, while her partner would think: ‘Lord, she’s heavy in hand;

I wish I had the mother; now there’s a lovely woman!’ (p,68)

36) The specter that was Stephen would seem to be watching, and Sir Philip would gently release himself from Anna, while she, looking up, would see his tired eyes, not angry any more, only very unhappy. (p,71)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 37) There had been those young years of her mother’s in Ireland; she spoke of them sometimes, but only vaguely, as though they were very far away, as though they had never seriously counted. (p,75)

38) She was staring at him in a kind of dumb horror, staring at his eyes that were clouded by desire, while gradually over her colorless face there was spreading an expression of the deepest repulsion – terror and repulsion he saw on her face, and something else too, a look as of outrage. (p,88)

39) Christmas came, and with it the girl’s eighteenth birthday, but the shadows that clung round her home did not lessen; nor could Stephen, groping about in those shadows, find a way to win through to the light. (p,77)

40) In the morning they all went to church in the village, and the church smelt of coldness and freshly bruised greenstuffs – of the laurel and holly and pungent pine branches, that wreathed the oak pulpit and framed the altar; and the anxious-faced eagle who must carry the Scriptures on his wings, he too was looking quite festive. (p,78)

42) A long afternoon spent in waiting for darkness when Anna could light the

Christmas-tree candles; and no ringing of bells to disturb the servants, not until they must all file in for their presents which were piled up high round the base of the tree on which Anna would light the small candles. (p,78)

43) Then the men from outside, from the gardens and stables – men bareheaded who were usually seen in their caps- old Williams displaying a widening bald patch, and wearing tight trousers instead of his breeches; old Williams walking

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA stiffly because his new suit felt like cardboard, and because his white collar was too high, and because his hard, made-up black bow would slip crocked. (p,79)

44) And when Martin spoke of those mighty forests, his voice changed, it became almost reverential; for this young man loved trees with a primitive instinct, with a strange and inexplicable devotion. (p,82)

45) His face had a charming quality about it, especially when he talked of his trees; it glowed, it seemed to be inwardly kindled, and it asked for a real and heartfelt understanding of the patience and the beauty and the goodness of trees – it was eager for your understanding. (p,82)

46) She liked his quiet voice with its careful accent, and his thoughtful blue eyes that moved rather slowly, so that his glance when it came came slowly – sometimes she would meet his glance halfway, smiling. (p,86)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. 2 The Finding

There are 329 sentences found in the novel as the data have been described in this paper. The percentage for the each type of sentence can be seen in the table below.

Table 1.1

No. Types of Sentences Frequency Percentage

1. Simple Sentence 106 26.57 %

2. Compound Sentence 92 23.75 %

3. Complex Sentence 70 17,74 %

4. Compound Complex Sentence 46 11,93 %

Total 329 100 %

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusion

Finally, the last things that the writer wants to say after finishing to describe the sentences used in Radclyffe Hall’s novel the well of loneliness, the conclusions of this paper as follow:

- The novel had four kinds of sentences. They were Simple sentence,

Compound sentence, Complex sentence and Compound Complex

sentence. However, each type of sentences could be divided more as which

have been explained in this paper.

- The most dominant sentence type used in the novel was Simple sentence;

there were 106 sentences found in the novel or 26.57%, the second was

compound sentence with 92 sentences or 23.75%; the third wass complex

sentences with 70 sentences or 17.74% and the last was compound

complex sentence with 46 setences or 11.93%. Based on the percentage,

the well of loneliness novel was difficult to be described since it had

variety of sentence used in the novel.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2 Suggestions

After accomplishing this paper, the writer has some suggestions. They are:

1) To describe the sentences, we should develop our knowledge in sentence’s element especially in word class, for it is very important in determining correctly phrase or the clause of sentence.

2) The Well of Loneliness novel is a novel which was published in 1928, an international bestseller book, not only good to read and but also to describe in the sentences.

3) Finally, the writer suggests the readers who are interested in describing sentence to make more details explanation about sentence. It can be described by words and also by diagram if only it is needed.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES

Allshop and hunt.1967.Using Better English,Book5 .Australia: Bridge Brinterpty ltd.

Burngin,Burhan. 2007.Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Kencana.

Hall, Radclyffe. 2014. The Well in the of Loneliness. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Ltd.

Guth, Hans, p.1967. Concise English Handbook, Second Edition. California: Wadsworth Publishing Companyinc.

Hancock, Craig.2005. Meaning-Centered Grammar. London: Equinox Publishing Ltd.

Junaidi, S. and Suwono, Eko.2004. Matematika Smp Kelas 3. Surabaya: Esis/Erlangga.

Lamberts, J. 1972. A Short Introduction to English Usage. USA: The Book Press inc. Lingga, D., Hotben,s.s and Utomo, Ali, Lim.2007. IntiSari Tata Bahasa Inggris Kontemporer. Jakarta: KBI.

Moleong, lexy, j. 1993.Metodologi penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

.Sembiring,C.A.,Matius.2014Buku Pedoman Program D3 Studi Bahasa Inggris. Medan.

GrapindoPersada. Winston and Rinehart. 1993. Language. New York: Leonard Publishing Woods, Geraldine. 2010. English for Dummies. USA: Wiley Publishing.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA