PROGRAM BOOK
International Seminar on Agriculture, Biodiversity, Food Security and Health
“SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCES AND FOOD PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC”
December 10, 2020
Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University i Kampus Poka, Ambon Indonesia
PROGRAM BOOK
International Seminar on Agriculture, Biodiversity, Food Security and Health
“SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCES AND FOOD PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC”
December 10, 2020
Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University Kampus Poka, Ambon Indonesia ii WELCOME TO ABSFH 2020
Assalammu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh. Peaceful for us all
The honourable, Mr. Rector of the Pattimura University; Mr. Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University; Mr. / Mrs. invited guests Distinguished speakers and moderators; And proud of all seminar participants and attendees.
First of all, as a religious people, we should give thanks for the presence of a very gracious and compassionate God, because with His permission, today, December 10, 2020, we can be here to jointly attend the International Seminar held by the Agricultural Faculty of Pattimura University- Ambon. The theme of our international seminar is: "SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCES AND FOOD PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT DURING COVID 19 PANDEMI” The main objective of this agricultural seminar is not only to generate information on the availability of food and raw materials, but also to grow healthy and well-nourished people. One of the important tasks besides ensuring the availability of sufficient and healthy food for the world's population in a sustainable manner so that all people can lead healthy and productive lives, which is more important in this era of COVID-19. With the world's population increasing in the future, the link between agriculture, biodiversity, food security and sustainability to support health and well-being needs to be addressed. Writing scientific articles is a very important activity for a professional educator. This activity is not only necessary in order to obtain credit points for promotion or for certification purposes through portfolios, but with this international activity it has become a forum for building partnerships with outside partners, both main speakers and fellow lecturers and researchers from various other institutions and universities in Indonesia. Based on this theme, we presented three speakers as the main speakers, namely 1. Supot Boonraeng (Faculty of Agriculture Technology Chiang Mai Rajabhat University – Thailand), 2. Abu Hasan B Abdul Jalli (Agronomist, Landscape and Beescape Consultant, Meliponiculturist and Meliponary Consultant) Malaysia Kelulut Academy 3. Dr. Hellen C. D. Tuhumury, SP., M.FoodSc (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University Maluku - Indonesia) The international seminar was attended by 95 speakers from various institutions, Pattimura University - Ambon, and also other universities in Indonesia. This seminar can be held thanks to the help of various parties. For this reason, on this occasion allow us on behalf of the 2020 International Agricultural Seminar Committee to thank the Pattimura University Chancellor and his staff, the Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture and his staff, as well as various other parties who have participated to assist in the implementation of the seminar which we cannot mention one by one. We also convey our highest appreciation to all the committees who have worked hard for the success of this seminar. We are aware that the holding of this international seminar still has many deficiencies in the presentation of events, administrative services, and limited facilities. For that, we apologize profusely. Finally, I hope that all seminar participants who are present will benefit greatly from this seminar activity.
Wassalammu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Dr. Esther Kembauw, SP., M.Si Organizing Committee ABFSH 2020
iii ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Person in charge: Prof. Dr. J. M. Matinahoru (Dean of Agriculture Faculty)
Coordinator: Dr. Ir. H. Kesaulya, M.Si. (Vice Dean of Academic)
Editorial Board: Dr. Abu Hasan B Abdul Jalil (Agronomist, Landscape & Beescape Consultant. Meliponiculturist and Meliponary Consultant), Malaysia Kelulut Academy) Ass. Prof. Dr. Supot Boonraeng (Faculty of Agricultural Technology Chiang Mai Rajabhat University - Thailand) Dr. Helen C. D. Tuhumury, SP., M.Food.Sc. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Ir. J.M. Matinahoru (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Ir. Simon H.T. Raharjo (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Dr. Ir. Wardis Girsang, M.Si. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Dr. Ir. A. Siregar, M.Sc. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Dr. Rohny S. Maail, S.Hut., M.Si. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) H. Jesajas, S.Pt., M.Sc. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Dr. Ir. Henry Kesaulya, M.Si. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Dr. Esther Kembauw, SP., M.Si. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Dr. Asri Subkhan Mahulette, SP., MP. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Dr. Febby J. Polnaya, SP., MP. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia) Dr. Natelda R. Timisela, SP., MP. (Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University – Indonesia)
Chairman: Dr. Esther Kembauw, SP., M.Si.
Secretary: Dr. Asri Subkhan Mahulette, SP., MP.
Treasurer: J. Patty, SP., M.Si.
Program and Publication: Dr. F. J. Polnaya, SP., MP. Dr. H. C. D. Tuhumury, SP., M.Food.Sc. Dr. N. R Timisela, SP., MP. Dr. J. Th. Latupapua, S.Hut., MP. Isye J. Liur, SP., M.Si. T. F. Tuhumury, SP, M.Agribuss. G. Tetelepta, SP., M.Sc.
Information and Documentation: M. Lawalata, SP., M.Sc. Glen Pietersz, S.Hut, M.Si.
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover ...... i WELCOME TO ABSFH 2020...... iii ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ...... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... v Opening Speech Dean of Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University ...... xiii Opening Speech Rector of Pattimura University ...... xv PROGRAM OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON AGRICULTURE, BIODIVERSITY, FOOD SECURITY, AND HEALTH 2020 ...... xvii KEYNOTE SPEAKERS ...... 1 Sustainable Natural Resources and Food Production Development During Covid 19 Pandemic ...... 2 Abu Hassan Jalil 2 The Utilization of Agro-industrial Waste for Soil Amendment and Liquid Biofertilizer Mixed Bacterial Antagonist in Eggplant Production ...... 3 Supot Boonraeng and Naksit Punyoyai 3 Edible Insects: Alternative Protein for Sustainable Food and Nutritional Security ...... 4 Helen C. D. Tuhumury 4 ROOM 1 CENGKEH - AGRICULTURAL ...... 6 Centella asiatica Tendril Growth of Samosir – Indonesia Accession with Phosphorus Treatment .... 7 Noverita S Vinolina, R Sigalingging 7 Study of Dryland Cultivation Farming Technology to Support Sustainable Food Independence on Small Islands ...... 8 Johan Riry1, Asri Subkhan Mahulette1, Alfonsina Marthina Tapotubun2, Welly Angela Riry3 8 Application of Drip Irrigation with Various Planting Media and Cow Urine in Pre-Nursery Oil Palm ...... 9 C I Wahyudin1,*, A S Mahulette2, V L Tanasale2, D A Marasabessy2, N Goo2, R A Rifqah1, Y Azmi1, W D Mariati3, Michala4 9 The Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Concentration on Some Varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus l.) in Enhancing the Germination Viability ...... 10 C I Wahyudin1,*, A S Mahulette2, J I Nendissa2, M H Makaruku2, W D Mariati3, A Haitami4, D Astut1, Arby'in Pratiwi5 10 Resistance Varieties and Pattern of Disease Progress of Rust (Pucciana horiana P. Henn) in Chrysanthemum ...... 11 Yayuk Aneka Bety*, Retno Pangestuti 11 Moler Disease and Cultivation Practiced by Shallot Farmers in Brebes Central Java ...... 12 Supriyadi1,2,3, Supyani1,2,3, SH. Poromarto1,2,3, Hadiwiyono1,2,3 12
v Activity test of Bacillus spp Against Bacterial Wilt (R. solanacearum) on Tomatoes by In Vitro ..... 13 Gratiana N. C. Tuhumury*, Jeffij V. Hasinu, Henry Kesaulya 13 The Efficiency of Inorganic Fertilizer with Using the Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Increase the Cabbage Yield (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) ...... 14 A E Marpaung*, B Karo, S Barus 14 Analysis of Macro Nutrient Content in Biofouling Waste Organic Fertilizer Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima L.) ...... 15 J I Nendissa*, M H Makaruku, V L Tanasale, A K Kilkoda, J Taribuka 15 Physiological Characters of Four Lowland Chili Varieties (Capsicum annum L.) with Root Cutting 16 Kusumaningrum S1, E Sulistyaningsih1,*, R Harimurti1, K Dewi2 16 Effects of Physical and Chemical Treatments on Seed Germination and Soybean Seed-Borne Fungi ...... 17 Evan Purnama Ramdan*, Achmad Yozar Perkasa, Tubagus Kiki Kawakibi Azmi, Aisyah, Ratih Kurniasih, Putri Irene Kanny, Risnawati, Paranita Asnur 17 Evaluation of Various Seed Processing Combination Technique to Produce True Shallot Seed with Good Quality ...... 18 Nurmalita Waluyo1,*, Astiti Rahayu1, Rini Rosliani1, Teguh Wikan2, Redy Gaswanto1 18 ROOM 2 PALA - AGRICULTURE ...... 19 The Effect of Salinity on Early Growth of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) Seedlings ...... 20 Aisar Novita1,*, Nini Rahmawati2, Abdul Rahman Cemda3, Hilda Julia4, Merlyn Mariana5, Silvia Nora5 20 Improving Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of True Seed Shallot by Hormonal Seed Treatments ...... 21 Retno Pangestuti1,2, Endang Sulistyaningsih1, Budiastuti Kurniasih1, Rudi Hari Murti1 21 Seed Quality of Ten Indonesian New Improved Soybean Varieties after Three Months of Storage .. 22 N Herawati*, A R Aisah, B N Hidayah, A Hipi 22 Potential of Bacillus spp as a Biocontrol Agent Against Ralstonia Bacterial Wilt in Bananas ...... 23 Jeffij V. Hasinu*, Gratiana N. C. Tuhumury, Henry Kesaulya 23 Identification of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Bacteria in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Experimental Field at Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, West Sumatra, Indonesia ...... 24 Yun Sondang*, Khazy Anty, Ramond Siregar 24 The Demographic of Promecotheca cumingii Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Coconut Plant. 25 Novalisa Lumentut*, Muhamad Nur, Meldy L.A. Hosang, And Yulianus Matana 25 Salt-Induced Growth Promotion in Rice Varieties During Nursery ...... 26 Budiastuti Kurniasih, Nindya Arini, Devi Alvioliana, Rima Izatun Nisa, Rani Agustina Wulandari 26 Soybean Varieties Tolerance to Intercropping with Maize ...... 27 Indah Permanasari1, Endang Sulistyaningsih2,*, Budiastuti Kurniarsih2, Didik Indradewa2 27
vi Impact of Salicylic Acid and Biosilica application on Leaf Anatomy to Improve Harvest Index of Shallot Underwater Deficit ...... 28 Indarwati L D*, E Sulistyaningsih, B Kurniasih 28 In Vitro Propagation of Six Selected Sugarcane Mutant Clones Through Leaf Explants ...... 29 Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih1, Deden Sukmadjaja1, Sri Suhesti2, Suci Rahayu1 29 Embryo-gynogenic Induction of Indonesia Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) Cultivars using Three Different Protocol Unpollinated Flower Cultures ...... 30 E S Lestari1,2, Sulastriningsih2, D C Prayantini2, A Purwantoro1, E Sulistyaningsih1,* 30 Optimization of Gamma-Ray Irradiation Dose on Strawberry Plantlets ...... 31 Darmawan Saptadi1,*, Hidayatul Arisah2, Dita Agisimanto2 31 The Effect of Light and Gibberellic Acid Concentration on Breaking Dormancy of Potato Micro Tubers ...... 32 Asih K. Karjadi*, Nurmalita Waluyo 32 ROOM 3 KAYU MANIS - AGRICULTURE ...... 33 Accelerate A New Elite Line Through Combined-Eigenanalysis Selection Index Methods and Pooled Variance in Self-Pollinated Crops ...... 34 Edizon Jambormias 34 Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria of Corn ...... 35 Henry Kesaulya1,*, A.Talahaturuson2, A. Marthin Kalay2, S.J. Nendissa3, I. J. Lawalatta2, M.L. Hehanussa1, E. Matatula1 35 Adaptation Test of Five Cherry Tomato Introduced Lines in Lembang Highland ...... 36 Redy Gaswanto* 36 Effect of Cultivars on Metabolite Profiling of Shallot (Allium cepa L. var Aggregatum) with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) ...... 37 Fransiska Renita Anon Basundari1,2, Endang Sulistyaningsih1, Rudi Hari Murti1, Tri Rini Nuringtyas3 37 Isolation and Identification of Fenobucarb Insecticide-Degrading Bacteria from Pangalengan Farm Land ...... 38 Alina Akhdiya*, Randy Arya Sanjaya, Wartono 38 Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) That Was Applied by Various Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Climate Change at Acid Soil ...... 39 Jamilah*, Rapialdi, Milda Ernita 39 Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus spp. Formulation in Zeolite Enriched with Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria for Controlling Nematode in Coffee...... 40 Iis Nur Asyiah1,*, Reginawanti Hindersah2, Rita Harni3, Betty Natalie Fitriatin2 40 Organic Matter and Mixed Biofertilizer For Plant Growth and Yield of Shallot Grown in Fertile Soil ...... 41 Reginawanti Hindersah1,*, Marthin Kalay2 41
vii Drought Stress and KCl Effects on Contents of Soil Water and Organic Matter, Yield and Water Productivity of Sweet Corn on Inceptisols ...... 42 N Nurlaeny1*, Y Machfud1, N Ratuliami1 and R M Putra2 42 Carrying Capacity and Environmental Capacity Analysis of Water Resources in Maluku Indonesia 43 Pieter J. Kunu* 43 Essential Oil Components of Forest Clove Variants from Ambon Island, Maluku ...... 44 A S Mahulette1,*, J Riry1, H Kesaulya2, E Kembauw3, I J Lawalata1, A Y Wattimena1, M H Makaruku1, A Alfian4 44 Institutional Characteristics of Supporting Potato Farming Enterprises in South Sulawesi ...... 45 Rita Indrasti1,*, Jefny B. Markus Rawung 2, Sigid Handoko3, Neng Risris Sudolar4 45 The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth of Several Varieties of Soybeans...... 46 Muhammad Rizwan1,*, Mahyuddin Dalimunthe1, Ibnu Alfi Pasaribu1, Halus Satriawan2 46 ROOM 4 SAGU - ANIMAL SCIENCE, BIODIVERSITY, BIOLOGY ...... 47 The Evaluation of Protease Enzyme Effectiveness in Broiler Chicken Diet Containing Jack Bean Seed (Canavalia ensiformis) with Different Protein Level toward Internal Organ Size ...... 48 Brahmadhita Pratama Mahardhika1,*, Muhammad Ridla1, Rita Mutia1, Danung Nur Adli2 48 Effect of Dietary Palm Kernel Meal on Laying Hens ...... 49 Prasetya RDD1, Rahmadani M2, Nahrowi3, Jayanegara A3,* 49 Breed Availability Analysis of Local Beef Cattle in Seram Utara Timur Seti District Maluku Tengah Regency ...... 50 Jerry Fred Salamena, Rajab, Bercomien J. Papilaya, Riri Sarfan 50 Effort to Reduce Ammonia Gas in the Broiler Chicken Excreta with The Addition of Probiotic as Substitute for Antibiotic Growth Promoter ...... 51 Brahmadhita Pratama Mahardhika*, Rita Mutia, Muhammad Ridla 51 The Effect of Corn Substitution with Re-Binding Banana Hump Flour in Feed on The Deposition Percentage of Breast Meat, Leg Color, And Feather Weight of Hybrid Duck ...... 52 O. Sjofjan, M.H Natsir, F. Yuli, R H Syahputra 52 Ethoveterinary Remedies for Myiasis Therapy in Livestock at Moa Island, Maluku ...... 53 A.D. Tagueha1,*, I.P. Siwa2, D.F. Souhoka1, F. Parera2 53 Level of E. coli Contamination of Broiler Chicken Meat in Ambon City Market ...... 54 Isye J. Liur1,*, Marcus Veerman2 54 Effect of Urea in Steamed Sago Waste on Rumen Fermentation Parameters In Vitro Tested ...... 55 Nafly Comilo Tiven1,*, Tienni Mariana Simanjorang2 55 Performance of Native Chicken Fed on Ration Containing Fermented Sago Waste ...... 56 T N Ralahalu, CH C E Latupeirissa, S CH H Hehanussa, S. Fredriksz 56 Estimation Rumen Degradable Protein of Local Feeds in Dairy Cattle Using in Sacco Method ...... 57 Annisa Rosmalia1, I.G. Permana2,*, Despal2, R. Zahera2 57 Utilization of Alternative Feed as a Combination Feed for Growth of Catfish (Clarias sp.) ...... 58 R C Mukti*, M Amin, Yulisman 58 viii Introduction to A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses in Indonesia Nutrition Poultry: Case Study in Probiotic ...... 59 Danung Nur Adli1,3,*, Osfar Sjofjan1, Anuraga Jayanegara2,3, Brahmadhita Pratama Mahardika2 59 Indigenous Practice of Smallholder Farmers in Kisar Island Applying Buffalo Dung Ash to Preserve Corn Seed ...... 60 Heryanus Jesajas1,*, Esther Kembauw2, Michel J. Matatula1, Astri D. Tagueha1, Isye J. Liur1 60 ROOM 5 SALAK SOYA - FOREST AND MANAGEMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE, FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY ...... 61 Green Economic Based Low-Carbon Development on Small Islands ...... 62 Agustinus Kastanya, Christy Suhendy, Debby Pattimahu, Iskar 62 Correlation of Normalized Difference Water Index and Baseflow Index in Small Island Watershed Landscapes ...... 63 Bokiraiya Latuamury*, Moda Talaohu, F. Sahusilawane, Wilma N. Imlabla 63 The Contribution of Agrosilvopastura Pattern to Enhancing Sustainable Community Economy (Study in Namaa Sub-District, Pelauw District, Haruku Island) ...... 64 M. Sahureka*, M. Hadijah, H. Marasabessy 64 Sustainable Development Strategy for Agroforestry ...... 65 Idin Saepudin Ruhimat*, Ary Widiyanto 65 Species of Pandan (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency ...... 66 Anjela Sahupala*, Troice E. Siahaya, Billy B. Seipala 66 Phalanger In Situ Conservation Strategy in Wakasiu Forest, West Leihitu District, Central Maluku District ...... 67 Yosevita Th. Latupapua*, Febian F. Tetelay, Fanny Soselisa 67 Study of Changes in Carbon Stock in Primary and Secondary Forest in Soya Village Protection Forest, Ambon City ...... 68 Ludia Siahaya*, Lily Pelupessy, Yulianus D. Komul 68 The Diversity of Bird Species Based on The Altitude of The Protection Forest Area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village - Ambon City ...... 69 C. K. Pattinasarany, L. Latupapua, A. Sanduan 69 The Impact of Climate Change on The Resin Productivity of Agathis Tree (Agathis alba) in Inamosol Subdistrict, West Seram Regency, Maluku-Indonesia ...... 70 Johan M. Matinahoru 70 Collaborative and Sustainable Management Strategy of The Wallacea Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) In Kasa Island ...... 71 Debby Vemiancy Pattimahu*, Agustinus Kastanya 71 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement-bonded Particleboard Made from Waste of Papers .. 72 R S Maail*, J.J. Fransz, J. Titarsole 72
ix Income Adaption of Farmers as long Covid-19 Pandemic on Sustainable UB Forest Management: A Case from Indonesia ...... 73 A Kustanti 73 The Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation and COVID-19 on The Rice Price Dynamics in Indonesia: The Vector Error Correction Model Approach ...... 74 P Hasudungan1,*, I Irham1,2, A W Utami1 74 The Feasibility of Environmentally Friendly and Conventional Shallot Farming in Bantul Regency 75 Diah Rina Kamardiani*, Muhammad Fauzan, Krisman Septa Riansyah 75 Diversification of Clove Processing as A Source of Income Increase in Enterprises in The City of Ambon ...... 76 Esther Kembauw1,*, Maisie. T. F. Tuhumury1, Asri. S. Mahulette2, Anrey. P. Kakisina3, M Chairul Basrun Umanailo4 76 Implementation of Tenurial Rights of Indigenous People's Land in the United Area of Protected Forest Management of Ambon City ...... 77 Marthina Tjoa*, Iskar, Sukmawati Ahmad 77 ROOM 6 GANDARIA - SOCIAL ECONOMIC ...... 78 An Understanding the Social Networking of Pepper Farmers in Bangka Selatan, Indonesia ...... 79 Novyandra Ilham Bahtera1,*, Eddy Jajang Jaya Atmaja1, Laila Hayati2 79 Price and Income Elasticities on Chicken Meat Demand in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia ...... 80 N Khoiriyah1, A A Sa’diyah2, Y Azis3, D R Nendissa4 80 Factors Affecting the Capacity of Farmers in Managing Rice Field Farming in Tangerang Regency 81 Khaerul Saleh1,*, Suherman2 81 Contribution of Homegarden Farming to Household Income and Its Sustainability in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia ...... 82 Irham1, Defira Suci Gusfarina2, Arif Wahyu Widada1, Azizatun Nurhayati1 82 The Impact of Government Policy in Increasing Comparative and Competitive Advantage of Smallholders’ Nutmeg Farming in Maluku Province, Indonesia ...... 83 Tienni Mariana Simanjorang*, Irham 83 Digital Extension and the Development of Agricultural Performance in Indonesia ...... 84 Jamhari1,*, Ismiasih2, Muh Amat Nasir3 84 The Strategy of Guava Agribusiness Development in Kendal Regency Using a Business Model Canvas ...... 85 Ali Khamdi*, Wiludjeng Roessali, Mukson 85 Income Analysis of Coconut Farming with Land Diversification in North Minahasa Regency ...... 86 Joachim N K Dumais*, Rine Kaunang Jelly Lumingkewas, Yolanda Rori 86 The Characteristic and Feasibility of Bandanese Nutmeg Agro-Industry in Banda Island of Maluku Province...... 87 Marfin Lawalata, Natelda R. Timisela*, Martha Turukay, Ester D Leatemia, Johanna M Luhukay 87
x Meat Price Volatility as Implications for Food Security in Indonesia ...... 88 Resti Prastika Destiarni1,*, Ahmad Syariful Jamil2, Fanny Septya3 88 Accelerated Adoption of Sugar Palm Farming Technology to Supports Sustainable Resource Utilization in North Sulawesi ...... 89 Jefny B. Markus Rawung1,*, Jantje G. Kindangen1, Rita Indrasti2, Abdul Gaffar3 89 Livelihood Strategy of Coastal Households During Covid-19 Pandemic: Case Study in Wermaktian District, Tanimbar Islands Regency ...... 90 Junianita F. Sopamena, Leunard O. Kakisina, August E Pattiselanno* 90 Analysis of Farmer’s Capacity and Its Relation with Farm Productivity During Covid-19 Pandemic ...... 91 Inta P.N. Damanik*, M.E. Tahitu, M. Turukay, F.P Adam 91 Analysis of Consumer Behaviour in Purchasing Tomato During Pandemic Covid 19 ...... 92 Fitri Awaliyah, Vela Rostwentivaivi 92 Corn Farming Analysis in Babar Island, District of Babar Islands, Southwest Maluku Regency...... 93 Stephen F. W. Thenu* 93 Consumption Pattern and Hope Food Pattern in Salahutu District, Maluku Tengah ...... 94 Natelda R. Timisela1, Wardis Girsang1,*, Loza Tupamahu2 94 ROOM 7 PISANG TONGKA LANGIT - FOOD SCIENCE, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SAFETY 95 Characteristics of Yellow Sweet Potato Flakes (Ipomoea batatas L.) With the Addition of Moringa Leaf Flour (Moringa oleifera) ...... 96 Gelora H. Augustyn*, Vita N. Lawalata, Analia Sahuleka, Sophia G. Sipahelut 96 Organoleptic Characteristics of Pala Tea with Variations of the Roasting Time ...... 97 Syane Palijama1,*, Leunard O. Kakisina2, Natelda R. Timisela2, Johanna M. Luhukay2, Rachel Breemer1, Febby J. Polnaya1, Sintya Laterissa1, Eka Kaplale1 97 Physicochemical Characteristics of Gandaria Leather with sugar concentration treatment ...... 98 Vita N. Lawalata* 98 Test for The Antibacterial Inhibition of Kaffir Lime Leaf (Citrus hysteric D.C) Extract Against Pathogen Bacteria in Improving Food Safety...... 99 Sandriana J Nendissa1, Dessyre M Nendissa2,* 99 Food Security of Farmers’ Households in Special Province of Yogyakarta ...... 100 Slamet Iskandar1, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo2, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati2 100 Food Security During COVID-19 Pandemic ...... 101 John F. Sahusilawane, Aphrodite Milana Sahusilawane* 101 Scoring system as an alternative audit method in Food Safety Management System Certification Body ...... 102 H D Wahyuni1, S Nurjanah2,3, W P Rahayu2,3 102
xi Development of Home-based Ready-to-use Supplementary Food (RUSF-HB) to Overcome Nutrition-related Problems Among Children Under Five During the Covid-19 Pandemic...... 103 S Sastrawan1, M Menap1, L Sulaiman2 and H Hendrayani3 103 Food Consumption Patterns of University Students in Indonesia during the Transition Period in the New Normal Era...... 104 Andi Eka Yunianto1, Kiki Kristiandi2, Made Darawati3, Tetty Herta Doloksaribu4, Ike Anggraeni5, Muksin Pasambuna6 104 The Existence of Warm Glow, Altruistic, and Egoistic Motives in Food Consumers with Ethical Claims: A Case Study of Organic Products in Indonesia ...... 105 D. Cahyasita*, Irham, Jamhari 105 Characterization of Pectin from Tongka Langit Banana Peels with Various Extraction Temperature 106 Priscillia Picauly*, Gilian Tetelepta 106 Characteristics of Chemical Properties of Fruit Flour of Mangrove (Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza Lamk.) with Lower Cyanide Content ...... 107 Febby J. Polnaya*, Vonda J. Thenu, Syane Palijama, Rachel Breemer 107
xii Opening Speech Dean of Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University on The International Seminar on Agriculture, Biodiversity, Food Security and Health: Sustainable Natural Resources and Food Production Development During Covid-19 Pandemic
The Honorable Rector of The University of Pattimura, Vice rectors and Deans of Faculties in Pattimura University, Distinguished speakers and oral presenters Ladies and Gentlemen,
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Salam Sejahtera untuk kita semua, Shalom, Om Swastyastu, Namo Buddhaya, Salam Kebajikan, and Good Morning. Welcome to The International Seminar on Agriculture, Biodiversity, Food Security and Health, which this time is conducted with the specific theme Sustainable Natural Resources and Food Production Development During Covid-19 Pandemic. Sadly, in this COVID-19 pandemic period, we have to carry out our International Seminar through a virtual instead of a physical meeting. It is said that a scientist must be an agile learner. Therefore, this situation will not stop us from disseminating, sharing, and discussing sustainable natural resources and food production globally.
Ladies and Gentlemen, As we know that the global population is rising rapidly, world agriculture faces the critical challenge of producing and distributing sufficient food, feed, and fiber to meet increasing demand in a condition of climate-changing and scarce natural resources. Innovative policy and new farming approaches based on a robust scientific base are needed to tackle the challenge of increasing agricultural production while also meeting environmental, economic, and social goals. The fundamental purpose of agriculture is to produce food and raw materials and grow healthy, well- nourished people. One of the important tasks is to provide food of sufficient quantity and quality to feed and nourish the world population sustainably. All people can lead healthy and productive lives, more importantly, in this Covid 19 pandemic era. With the increasing world population in the future, the link between agriculture, biodiversity, food security, and sustainability to support health and well-being need to be addressed.
Sustainable agriculture and food security are fundamental issues globally; therefore, the Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University has also considered these issues essential for agricultural development, especially with the nature of Maluku Province that consists of many small islands. Our Faculty has been working to promote food security and sustainable agriculture through education, training, research, community services, and professional practices. We also take an interdisciplinary approach to environmental sustainability, health, and socio-cultural aspects of food production and security.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University has been established since 1963. The purpose of establishing the Faculty of Agriculture was to build and develop quality human resources and agriculture competence. Up until now, the Faculty of agriculture currently has 1200 students and 204 staffs that distributed among 5 departments which are Agricultural Cultivation; Forestry; Animal Husbandry; Agricultural Social Economics; and Agricultural Product Technology. Issues concerning often-decreasing enrolment, inadequate research funding, declining quality of research and teaching, and high graduate unemployment have made the Faculty work extra hard to improve staff competence. One way is to organize academic meetings nationally and internationally, such as this International Seminar, and encourage staff to publish in internationally recognized journals. An increase in demand for quality scientific research asks for a quality revival of human resources. The Faculty has undertaken to encourage excellent research and publications. It is a great honor and pleasure to see many staff in the Faculty that have participated in this Seminar and are xiii willing to publish articles in the Scopus-indexed proceeding. The same thing goes for all speakers and participants from other countries and from all over Indonesia.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
In addition to speakers from Indonesia, I appreciate greatly and heartily welcomed. I thank the overseas invited speakers, Dr Abdul Jalil from Malaysia and Dr. Supot Boonraeng from Thailand for their support and willingness to share in this valuable event. The Seminar would be going on today, sharing ideas and findings of recent and on-going agriculture, biodiversity, food security, and health developments. Hopefully, they would nurture the existing network between researchers and create new systems among related institutions, which would speed up developments and resolve recent highlights to various discussed subjects.
On this particular occasion, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the Rector of Pattimura University for his devoted attention and funding for this Seminar. Lastly, to all participants for their active participation that make it possible to conduct this Seminar. Last but not least, thank you to the organizing committee for making this Seminar possible at its large. Finally, I wish the Seminar would run effectively in achieving its goal. Please enjoy the Seminar.
Thank you.
xiv Opening Speech Rector of Pattimura University on The International Seminar on Agriculture, Biodiversity, Food Security and Health: Sustainable Natural Resources and Food Production Development During Covid-19 Pandemic
Distinguished invited speakers and oral presenters, Members of organizing committee, Participants, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Salam Sejahtera untuk kita semua, Shalom, Om Swastyastu, Namo Buddhaya, Salam Kebajikan, and good morning. On behalf of Pattimura University and my behalf, I welcome you to The International Seminar on Agriculture, Biodiversity, Food Security and Health, which this time is conducted with the specific theme Sustainable Natural Resources and Food Production Development During Covid-19 Pandemic. I would also like to extend our greetings to all distinguished speakers, participants from other countries, and the western to the eastern parts of Indonesia. High appreciation is extended to the committee of this seminar, who has organized the seminar intensively; consequently, this seminar could be taken place in time virtually as we all intended. It is our pleasure and honor to host this very important seminar organized by the Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University.
Ladies and Gentlemen, Pattimura University is the biggest and the oldest government university in Maluku. We have 9 Faculties, a postgraduate school, research and community service institutes, and a quality assurance institute. Up to the present time, we have twenty-five thousand students, majority from Maluku but also from different parts of Indonesia enrolled at the university. The University of Pattimura has always focused on the Management of Natural Resources. We have firmly believed that strong scientific and technical knowledge will be required for the sustainable utilization of natural resources that we have in Indonesia and, in particular, in Maluku. Pattimura University is also working hard and committed to achieving a good reputation in research and education recognized nationally and internationally. For that reason, this seminar plays an essential role in achieving our goals.
Our honourable, distinguished speakers, Ladies, and Gentlemen, Increasing population growth has resulted in the depletion of natural resources as they are being used for daily human consumption. Furthermore, food has become an essential focus during Covid-19 pandemic. People do not solely need food for survival, but good nutrition and a well-balanced diet are necessary to support a robust immune system. However, as people need more food, more natural resources are used for food production. The associated increases in food demands would further strain nature and natural resources. Especially now, in pandemic nature, food security has facing new challenges beyond food production. Issues regarding distribution, access, dan adequate nutrition are becoming crucial. Therefore, it is increasingly essential to meet the need for food and to maintain food security while preserving nature in sustainable ways.
Ladies and Gentlemen, Seminars such as this provide a valuable opportunity for government, research scientists, industry specialists, and decision-makers to share their policies, experiences, and expertise to produce a basis for sustainable management and utilization of natural resources. This goal only can be reached through integrative and collaborative ways. I am grateful to the many experts who have come to share their knowledge today. I also welcome the many representatives of governments, industry associations who have joined us today.
Today we will be witnessing, discussing, and listening to progress that has been made in the area of agriculture, biodiversity, food security, and health from distinguished speakers and excellent participants. I wish the participants a very fruitful and productive meeting, and I am looking forward to hearing the outcome xv and constructive conclusions of this meeting. Herewith I officially open this seminar and wish you all a very successful seminar.
Thank you very much
xvi PROGRAM OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON AGRICULTURE, BIODIVERSITY, FOOD SECURITY, AND HEALTH 2020
Meeting ID: 881 9920 5722, Passcode: SEMINAR Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88199205722?pwd=aWRTVUhURkIvVlpwSEpjbGU5MnZiQT09
Time (Eastern Program Activities Information Indonesian time) 08.30-09.00 Participant admission/registration Committee-Main Meeting Room Opening and Announcement Master Ceremony Indonesia national anthem Committee 09.00-10.00 Speech from Dean of Faculty of Prof. Dr. Ir. J. M. Welcome Speech Agriculture Pattimura University Mattinahoru Opening Speech from Rector of Prof. Dr. Marthinus J. Pattimura University Sapteno, M.Hum Photo session Committee 10.00-10.30 - Keynotes speaker 1: Sustainable Natural Resources and Dr. Abu Hasan B Abdul Jalil Food Production Development During Agronomist, Landscape & Beescape Covid 19 Pandemic Consultant Meliponiculturist and Meliponary Consultant Malaysia Kelulut Academy 10.30-11.00 - Keynotes speaker 2: The Utilization of Agro-industrial Dr. Supot Boonraeng Waste for Soil Amendment and Liquid Department of Agroindustry, Biofertilizer Mixed Bacterial Prof. Dr. Ir. S. H. T. Faculty of Agricultural Technology Antagonist in Eggplant Production Raharjo Chiangmai Rajabhat University Thailand 11.00-11.30 - Keynotes speaker 3: EDIBLE INSECTS: Alternative Dr. Helen C. D. Tuhumury, SP., Protein for Sustainable Food and M.Food.Sc. Nutritional Security Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Pattimura 11.30-12.00 QnA Plenary Session 12.00-13.00 ISHOMA Committee-Main Meeting Room Parallel Sesion Agricultural 1 Dr. Ir. D. J. Liliefna, MSc Breakout Room 1 Cengkih Agricultural 2 S.C. Suhendy, S.Hut, MSi Breakout Room 2 Pala Agricultural 3 Prof. Dr. Ir. S. H. T. Raharjo Breakout Room 3 Kayu Manis Animal Science H. Jesajas, S.Pt., M.Sc Breakout Room 4 Sagu 13.00-16.15 Parallel Session Forest and Management, Forest and Dr. Rohny S. Maail, Climate Change, Forestry and SHut.,M.Si Breakout Environmental Technology Room 5 Salak Soya Social Economic Dr. Ir. W. Girsang, M.Si Breakout Room 6 Gandaria Food Security, Food Science and Dr. H.C.D. Tuhumury, SP., Nutrition M.Food.Sc Breakout Room 7 Pisang Tongka Langit Closing ceremony Master Ceremony-Main Meeting Room 16.15-16.30 Closing remarks from Dean of Prof. Dr. Ir. J.M. Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura Mattinahoru University
xvii Room 1 Cengkih AGRICULTURE Moderator: Dr. Ir. Leonard D. Liliefna, M.Sc. Venue: Parallel RCengkih Room Code Time Presenter Title RCengkih-1 13.00-13.07 Noverita S Vinolina, R Centella asiatica Tendril Growth of Samosir – Sigalingging Indonesia Accession with Phosphorus Treatment RCengkih-2 13.08-13.15 Johan Riry, Asri Subkhan Study of Dryland Cultivation Farming Technology to Support Mahulette, Alfonsina Marthina Sustainable Food Independence on Small Islands Tapotubun, Welly Angela Riry RCengkih-3 13.16-13.23 C I Wahyudin, A S Mahulette, V Application of Drip Irrigation with Various Planting L Tanasale, D A Marasabessy, N Media and Cow Urine in Pre-Nursery Oil Palm Goo, R A Rifqah, Y Azmi, W D Mariati, Michala 13.24-13.34 DISCUSSION PANEL RCengkih-4 13.35-13.42 C I Wahyudin, A S Mahulette, J I The Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Concentration on Nendissa, M H Makaruku, W D Some Varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus l.) in Mariati, A Haitami, D Astut, Enhancing the Germination Viability Arby'in Pratiwi RCengkih-5 13.43-14.50 Yayuk Aneka Bety, Retno Resistance Varieties and Pattern of Disease Progress Pangestuti of Rust (Pucciana horiana P. Henn) in Chrysanthemum RCengkih-6 13.51-13.58 Supriyadi, Supyani, SH. Moler Disease and Cultivation Practiced by Shallot Poromarto, Hadiwiyono Farmers in Brebes Central Java 13.59-14.09 DISCUSSION PANEL RCengkih-7 14.10-14.17 Gratiana N. C. Tuhumury, Jeffij Activity test of Bacillus spp Against Bacterial Wilt (R. V. Hasinu, Henry Kesaulya solanacearum) on Tomatoes by In Vitro RCengkih-8 14.18-14.25 A E Marpaung, B Karo, S Barus The Efficiency of Inorganic Fertilizer with Using the Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Increase the Cabbage Yield (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) RCengkih-9 14.26-14.33 J I Nendissa, M H Makaruku, V L Analysis of Macro Nutrient Content in Biofouling Tanasale, A K Kilkoda, J Taribuka Waste Organic Fertilizer Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima L.) 14.34-14.44 DISCUSSION PANEL RCengkih-10 14.45-14.52 Kusumaningrum S, E Physiological Characters of Four Lowland Chili Sulistyaningsih, R Harimurti, K Varieties (Capsicum annum L.) with Root Cutting Dewi RCengkih-11 14.53-15.00 Evan Purnama Ramdan, Achmad Effects of Physical and Chemical Treatments on Seed Yozar Perkasa, Tubagus Kiki Germination and Soybean Seed-Borne Fungi Kawakibi Azmi, Aisyah, Ratih Kurniasih, Putri Irene Kanny, Risnawati, Paranita Asnur RCengkih-12 15.01-15-08 Nurmalita Waluyo, Astiti Rahayu, Evaluation of Various Seed Processing Combination Rini Rosliani, Teguh Wikan, Redy Technique to Produce True Shallot Seed with Good Gaswanto Quality 15.09-15.19 DISCUSSION PANEL
xviii Room 2 Pala AGRICULTURE Moderator: S.C. Suhendy, S.Hut., M.Si. Venue: Parallel RPala Room Code Time Presenter Title RPala-1 13.00-13.07 Aisar Novita, Nini Rahmawati, The Effect of Salinity on Early Growth of Vetiver Abdul Rahman Cemda, Hilda (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) Seedlings Julia, Merlyn Mariana, Silvia Nora RPala-2 13.08-13.15 Retno Pangestuti, Endang Improving Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Sulistyaningsih, Budiastuti True Seed Shallot by Hormonal Seed Treatments Kurniasih, Rudi Hari Murti RPala-3 13.16-13.23 N Herawati, A R Aisah, B N Seed Quality of Ten Indonesian New Improved Hidayah, A Hipi Soybean Varieties after Three Months of Storage 13.24-13.34 DISCUSSION PANEL RPala-4 13.35-13.42 Jeffij V. Hasinu, Gratiana N. C. Potential of Bacillus spp as a Biocontrol Agent Against Tuhumury, Henry Kesaulya Ralstonia Bacterial Wilt in Bananas RPala-5 13.43-14.50 Yun Sondang, Khazy Anty, Identification of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Bacteria Ramond Siregar in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Experimental Field at Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, West Sumatra, Indonesia RPala-6 13.51-13.58 Novalisa Lumentut, Muhamad The Demographic of Promecotheca cumingii Baly Nur, Meldy L.A. Hosang, And (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Coconut Plant Yulianus Matana 13.59-14.09 DISCUSSION PANEL RPala-7 14.10-14.17 Budiastuti Kurniasih, Nindya Salt-Induced Growth Promotion in Rice Varieties Arini, Devi Alvioliana, Rima During Nursery Izatun Nisa, Rani Agustina Wulandari RPala-8 14.18-14.25 Indah Permanasari, Endang Soybean Varieties Tolerance to Intercropping with Sulistyaningsih, Budiastuti Maize Kurniarsih, Didik Indradewa RPala-9 14.26-14.33 Indarwati L D, E Sulistyaningsih, Impact of Salicylic Acid and Biosilica application on and B Kurniasih Leaf Anatomy to Improve Harvest Index of Shallot Underwater Deficit 14.34-14.44 DISCUSSION PANEL RPala-10 14.45-14.52 Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih, In Vitro Propagation of Six Selected Sugarcane Mutant Deden Sukmadjaja, Sri Suhesti, Clones Through Leaf Explants Suci Rahayu RPala-11 14.53-15.00 E S Lestari, Sulastriningsih, D C Embryo-gynogenic Induction of Indonesia Shallot Prayantini, A Purwantoro, E (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) Cultivars using Sulistyaningsih Three Different Protocol Unpollinated Flower Cultures RPala-12 15.01-15-08 Darmawan Saptadi, Hidayatul Optimization of Gamma-Ray Irradiation Dose on Arisah, Dita Agisimanto Strawberry Plantlets RPala-13 15.09-15.26 Asih K. Karjadi, Nurmalita The Effect of Light and Gibberellic Acid Waluyo Concentration on Breaking Dormancy of Potato Micro Tubers 15.27-15.40 DISCUSSION PANEL
xix Room 3 Kayu Manis AGRICULTURE Moderator: Prof. Dr. Ir. S.H.T. Raharjo Venue: Parallel RKayu Manis Room Code Time Presenter Title RKayu Manis-1 13.00-13.07 Edizon Jambormias Accelerate A New Elite Line Through Combined- Eigenanalysis Selection Index Methods and Pooled Variance in Self-Pollinated Crops RKayu Manis-2 13.08-13.15 Henry Kesaulya, Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting A.Talahaturuson, A. Marthin Rhizobacteria of Corn Kalay, S.J. Nendissa, I. J. Lawalatta, M.L. Hehanussa, E. Matatula RKayu Manis-3 13.16-13.23 Redy Gaswanto Adaptation Test of Five Cherry Tomato Introduced Lines in Lembang Highland 13.24-13.34 DISCUSSION PANEL RKayu Manis-4 13.35-13.42 Fransiska Renita Anon Basundari, Effect of Cultivars on Metabolite Profiling of Shallot Endang Sulistyaningsih, Rudi (Allium cepa L. var Aggregatum) with Nuclear Hari Murti, Tri Rini Nuringtyas Magnetic Resonance (NMR) RKayu Manis-5 13.43-14.50 Alina Akhdiya, Randy Arya Isolation and Identification of Fenobucarb Insecticide- Sanjaya, Wartono Degrading Bacteria from Pangalengan Farm Land RKayu Manis-6 13.51-13.58 Jamilah, Rapialdi, Milda Ernita Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) That Was Applied by Various Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Climate Change at Acid Soil 13.59-14.09 DISCUSSION PANEL RKayu Manis-7 14.10-14.17 Iis Nur Asyiah, Reginawanti Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus spp. Formulation in Hindersah, Rita Harni, Betty Zeolite Enriched with Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria for Natalie Fitriatin Controlling Nematode in Coffee RKayu Manis-8 14.18-14.25 Reginawanti Hindersah, Marthin Organic Matter and Mixed Biofertilizer For Plant Kalay Growth and Yield of Shallot Grown in Fertile Soil RKayu Manis-9 14.26-14.33 N Nurlaeny, Y Machfud, N Drought Stress and KCl Effects on Contents of Soil Water and Ratuliami, R M Putra Organic Matter, Yield and Water Productivity of Sweet Corn on Inceptisols 14.34-14.44 DISCUSSION PANEL RKayu Manis- 14.45-14.52 Pieter J. Kunu Carrying Capacity and Environmental Capacity 10 Analysis of Water Resources in Maluku Indonesia RKayu Manis- 14.53-15.00 A S Mahulette, J Riry, H Essential Oil Components of Forest Clove Variants 11 Kesaulya, E Kembauw, I J from Ambon Island, Maluku Lawalata, A Y Wattimena, M H Makaruku, A Alfian RKayu Manis- 15.01-15-08 Rita Indrasti, Jefny B. Markus Institutional Characteristics of Supporting Potato 12 Rawung, Sigid Handoko, Neng Farming Enterprises in South Sulawesi Risris Sudolar RKayu Manis- 15.09-15.16 Muhammad Rizwan, Mahyuddin The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth of Several 13 Dalimunthe, Ibnu Alfi Pasaribu, Varieties of Soybeans Halus Satriawan 15.17-15.30 DISCUSSION PANEL
xx Room 4 Sagu Animal Science, Biodiversity, Biology Moderator: H. Jesajas, S.Pt., M.Sc. Venue: Parallel RSagu Room Code Time Presenter Title RSagu-1 13.00-13.07 Brahmadhita Pratama The Evaluation of Protease Enzyme Effectiveness in Mahardhika, Muhammad Ridla, Broiler Chicken Diet Containing Jack Bean Seed Rita Mutia, Danung Nur Adli (Canavalia ensiformis) with Different Protein Level toward Internal Organ Size RSagu-2 13.08-13.15 Prasetya RDD, Rahmadani M, Effect of Dietary Palm Kernel Meal on Laying Hens Nahrowi, Jayanegara A RSagu-3 13.16-13.23 Jerry Fred Salamena, Rajab, Breed Availability Analysis of Local Beef Cattle in Bercomien J. Papilaya, Riri Seram Utara Timur Seti District Maluku Tengah Sarfan Regency 13.24-13.34 DISCUSSION PANEL RSagu-4 13.35-13.42 Brahmadhita Pratama Effort to reduce Ammonia Gas in The Broiler Chicken Mahardhika, Rita Mutia, Excreta with The Addition of Probiotic as Substitute Muhammad Ridla for Antibiotic Growth Promoter RSagu-5 13.43-14.50 O. Sjofjan, M.H Natsir, F. Yuli, R The Effect of Corn Substitution with Re-Binding H Syahputra Banana Hump Flour in Feed on The Deposition Percentage of Breast Meat, Leg Color, And Feather Weight of Hybrid Duck RSagu-6 13.51-13.58 A.D. Tagueha, I.P. Siwa, D.F. Ethoveterinary remedies for myiasis therapy in Souhoka, F. Parera livestock at Moa Island, Maluku 13.59-14.09 DISCUSSION PANEL RSagu-7 14.10-14.17 Isye J. Liur, Marcus Veerman Level of E. coli Contamination of Broiler Chicken Meat in Ambon City Market RSagu-8 14.18-14.25 Nafly Comilo Tiven, Tienni Effect of Urea in Steamed Sago Waste on Rumen Mariana Simanjorang Fermentation Parameters In Vitro Tested RSagu-9 14.26-14.33 T N Ralahalu, CH C E Performance of Native Chicken Fed on Ration Latupeirissa, S CH H Hehanussa, Containing Fermented Sago Waste S. Fredriksz 14.34-14.44 DISCUSSION PANEL RSagu-10 14.45-14.52 Annisa Rosmalia, I.G. Permana, Estimation Rumen Degradable Protein of Local Feeds Despal, R. Zahera in Dairy Cattle Using in Sacco Method RSagu-11 14.53-15.00 R C Mukti, M Amin, Yulisman Utilization of Alternative Feed as a Combination Feed for Growth of Catfish (Clarias sp.) RSagu-12 15.01-15-08 Danung Nur Adli, Osfar Sjofjan, Introduction to A Systematic Review and Meta- Anuraga Jayanegara, Brahmadhita Analyses in Indonesia Nutrition Poultry: Case Study in Pratama Mahardika Probiotic RSagu-13 15.09-15.16 Heryanus Jesajas, Esther Indigenous Practice of Smallholder Farmers in Kisar Kembauw, Michel J. Matatula, Island Applying Buffalo Dung Ash to Preserve Corn Astri D. Tagueha, Isye J. Liur Seed 15.17-15.30 DISCUSSION PANEL
xxi Room 5 Salak Soya Forest and Management, Forest and Climate Change, Forestry and Environmental Technology Moderator: Dr. Rohny S. Maail, S.Hut., M.Si. Venue: Parallel RSalak Soya Room Code Time Presenter Title RSalak Soya-1 13.00-13.07 Agustinus Kastanya, Christy Green Economic Based Low-Carbon Development on Suhendy, Debby Pattimahu, Iskar Small Islands RSalak Soya-2 13.08-13.15 Bokiraiya Latuamury, Moda Correlation of Normalized Difference Water Index and Talaohu, F. Sahusilawane, Wilma Baseflow Index in Small Island Watershed Landscapes N. Imlabla RSalak Soya-3 13.16-13.23 M. Sahureka, M. Hadijah, H. The Contribution of Agrosilvopastura Pattern to Marasabessy Enhancing Sustainable Community Economy (Study in Namaa Sub-District, Pelauw District, Haruku Island) 13.24-13.34 DISCUSSION PANEL RSalak Soya-4 13.35-13.42 Idin Saepudin Ruhimat, Ary Sustainable Development Strategy for Agroforestry Widiyanto RSalak Soya-5 13.43-14.50 Anjela Sahupala, Troice E. Species of Pandan (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, Siahaya, Billy B. Seipala East Seram Regency RSalak Soya-6 13.51-13.58 Yosevita Th. Latupapua, Febian F. Phalanger In Situ Conservation Strategy in Wakasiu Tetelay, Fanny Soselisa Forest, West Leihitu District, Central Maluku District 13.59-14.09 DISCUSSION PANEL RSalak Soya-7 14.10-14.17 Ludia Siahaya, Lily Pelupessy, Study of Changes in Carbon Stock in Primary and Yulianus D. Komul Secondary Forest in Soya Village Protection Forest, Ambon City RSalak Soya-8 14.18-14.25 C. K. Pattinasarany, L. Latupapua, The Diversity of Bird Species Based on The Altitude A. Sanduan of The Protection Forest Area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village - Ambon City RSalak Soya-9 14.26-14.33 Johan M. Matinahoru The Impact of Climate Change on The Resin Productivity of Agathis Tree (Agathis alba) in Inamosol Subdistrict, West Seram Regency, Maluku- Indonesia 14.34-14.44 DISCUSSION PANEL RSalak Soya-10 14.45-14.52 Debby Vemiancy Pattimahu, Collaborative and Sustainable Management Strategy Agustinus Kastanya of The Wallacea Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) In Kasa Island RSalak Soya-11 14.53-15.00 R S Maail, J.J. Fransz, J. Titarsole Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement- bonded Particleboard Made from Waste of Papers RSalak Soya-12 15.01-15-08 A Kustanti Income Adaption of Farmers as long Covid-19 Pandemic on Sustainable UB Forest Management: A Case from Indonesia 15.09-15.19 DISCUSSION PANEL RSalak Soya-13 15.19-15.26 P Hasudungan, I Irham, A W The Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Utami COVID-19 on The Rice Price Dynamics in Indonesia: The Vector Error Correction Model Approach RSalak Soya-14 15.27-15.34 Diah Rina Kamardiani, The Feasibility of Environmentally Friendly and Muhammad Fauzan, Krisman Conventional Shallot Farming in Bantul Regency Septa Riansyah RSalak Soya-15 15.35-15.42 Esther Kembauw, Maisie. T. F. Diversification of Clove Processing as A Source of Tuhumury, Asri. S. Mahulette, Income Increase in Enterprises in The City of Ambon Anrey P. Kakisina, M Chairul Basrun Umanailo RSalak Soya-16 15.43.15.50 Marthina Tjoa, Iskar, Sukmawati Implementation of Tenurial Rights of Indigenous Ahmad People's Land in the United Area of Protected Forest Management of Ambon City 15.51.16.04 DISCUSSION PANEL
xxii Room 6 Gandaria Social Economic Moderator: Dr. Ir. Wardis Girsang, M.Si. Venue: Parallel RGandaria Room Code Time Presenter Title RGandaria-1 13.00-13.07 Novyandra Ilham Bahtera, Eddy An Understanding the Social Networking of Pepper Jajang Jaya Atmaja, Laila Hayati Farmers in Bangka Selatan, Indonesia RGandaria-2 13.08-13.15 N Khoiriyah, A A Sa’diyah, Y Price and Income Elasticities on Chicken Meat Azis, D R Nendissa Demand in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia RGandaria-3 13.16-13.23 Khaerul Saleh, Suherman Factors Affecting the Capacity of Farmers in Managing Rice Field Farming in Tangerang Regency 13.24-13.34 DISCUSSION PANEL RGandaria-4 13.35-13.42 Irham, Defira Suci Gusfarina, Arif Contribution of Homegarden Farming to Household Wahyu Widada, Azizatun Income and Its Sustainability in Yogyakarta City, Nurhayati Indonesia RGandaria-5 13.43-14.50 Tienni Mariana Simanjorang, The Impact of Government Policy in Increasing Irham Comparative and Competitive Advantage of Smallholders’ Nutmeg Farming in Maluku Province, Indonesia RGandaria-6 13.51-13.58 Jamhari, Ismiasih, Muh Amat Digital Extension and the Development of Agricultural Nasir Performance in Indonesia 13.59-14.09 DISCUSSION PANEL RGandaria-7 14.10-14.17 Ali Khamdi, Wiludjeng Roessali, The Strategy of Guava Agribusiness Development in Mukson Kendal Regency Using a Business Model Canvas RGandaria-8 14.18-14.25 Joachim N K Dumais, Rine Income Analysis of Coconut Farming with Kaunang Jelly Lumingkewas, Land Diversification in North Minahasa Regency Yolanda Rori RGandaria-9 14.26-14.33 Marfin Lawalata, Natelda R. The Characteristic and Feasibility of Bandanese Timisela, Martha Turukay, Ester Nutmeg Agro-Industry in Banda Island of Maluku D Leatemia, Johanna M Luhukay Province
14.34-14.44 DISCUSSION PANEL RGandaria-10 14.45-14.52 Resti Prastika Destiarni, Ahmad Meat Price Volatility as Implications for Food Security Syariful Jamil, Fanny Septya in Indonesia RGandaria-11 14.53-15.00 Jefny B. Markus Rawung, Jantje Accelerated Adoption of Sugar Palm Farming G. Kindangen, Rita Indrasti, Technology to Supports Sustainable Resource Abdul Gaffar Utilization in North Sulawesi RGandaria-12 15.01-15-08 Junianita F. Sopamena, Leunard Livelihood Strategy of Coastal Households During O. Kakisina, August E Covid-19 Pandemic: Case Study in Wermaktian Pattiselanno District, Tanimbar Islands Regency 15.09-15.19 DISCUSSION PANEL RGandaria-13 15.19-15.26 Inta P.N. Damanik*, M.E. Tahitu, Analysis of Farmer’s Capacity and Its Relation with M. Turukay, F.P Adam Farm Productivity During Covid-19 Pandemic RGandaria-14 15.27-15.34 Fitri Awaliyah, Vela Analysis of Consumer Behaviour in Purchasing Rostwentivaivi Tomato During Pandemic Covid 19 RGandaria-15 15.35-15.42 Stephen F. W. Thenu Corn Farming Analysis in Babar Island, District of Babar Islands, Southwest Maluku Regency RGandaria-16 15.43-15.50 Natelda R. Timisela, Wardis Consumption Pattern and Hope Food Pattern in Girsang, Loza Tupamahu Salahutu District, Maluku Tengah 15.51.16.04 DISCUSSION PANEL
xxiii Room 7 Pisang Tongka Langit Food Science, Food Security, Food Safety Moderator: Dr. H.C.D. Tuhumury, SP., M.Food.Sc. Venue: Parallel RPisang Tongka Langit Room Code Time Presenter Title RPisang 13.00-13.07 Gelora H. Augustyn, Vita N. Characteristics of Yellow Sweet Potato Flakes Tongka Langit- Lawalata, Analia Sahuleka, (Ipomoea batatas L) With the Addition of Moringa 1 Sophia G Sipahelut Leaf Flour (Moringa oleifera) RPisang 13.08-13.15 Syane Palijama, Leunard O. Organoleptic Characteristics of Pala Tea with Tongka Langit- Kakisina, Natelda R. Timisela, Variations of the Roasting Time 2 Johanna M. Luhukay, Rachel Breemer, Febby J. Polnaya, Sintya Laterissa, Eka Kaplale RPisang 13.16-13.23 Vita N. Lawalata Physicochemical Characteristics of Gandaria Leather Tongka Langit- with sugar concentration treatment 3 13.24-13.34 Discussion Panel RPisang 13.35-13.42 Sandriana J Nendissa, Dessyre M Test for The Antibacterial Inhibition of Kaffir Lime Tongka Langit- Nendissa Leaf (Citrus hysteric D.C) Extract Against Pathogen 4 Bacteria in Improving Food Safety RPisang 13.43-14.50 Slamet Iskandar, Dwidjono Hadi Food Security of Farmers’ Households in Special Tongka Langit- Darwanto, Jangkung Handoyo Province of Yogyakarta 5 Mulyo, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati RPisang 13.51-13.58 John F. Sahusilawane, Aphrodite Food Security During COVID-19 Pandemic Tongka Langit- Milana Sahusilawane 6 13.59-14.09 Discussion Panel RPisang 14.10-14.17 Heni Dwi Wahyuni, Siti Nurjanah, Scoring system as an alternative audit method in Food Tongka Langit- Winiati P. Rahayu Safety Management System Certification Body 7 RPisang 14.18-14.25 S Sastrawan, M Menap, L Development of Home-based Ready-to-use Tongka Langit- Sulaiman, H Hendrayani Supplementary Food (RUSF-HB) to Overcome 8 Nutrition-related Problems Among Children Under Five During the Covid-19 Pandemic RPisang 14.26-14.33 Andi Eka Yunianto, Kiki Food Consumption Patterns of University Students in Tongka Langit- Kristiandi, Made Darawati, Tetty Indonesia during the Transition Period in the New 9 Herta Doloksaribu, Ike Normal Era Anggraeni, Muksin Pasambuna 14.34-14.44 Discussion Panel RPisang 14.45-14.52 D. Cahyasita, Irham, Jamhari The Existence of Warm Glow, Altruistic, and Egoistic Tongka Langit- Motives in Food Consumers with Ethical Claims: A 10 Case Study of Organic Products in Indonesia RPisang 14.53-15.00 Priscillia Picauly*, Gilian Characterization of Pectin from Tongka Langit Banana Tongka Langit- Tetelepta Peels with Various Extraction Temperature 11 RPisang 15.01-15.07 Febby J. Polnaya*, Vonda J. Characteristics of Chemical Properties of Fruit Flour Tongka Langit- Thenu, Syane Palijama, Rachel of Mangrove (Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza Lamk.) with 12 Breemer Lower Cyanide Content Discussion Panel
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KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
1 Sustainable Natural Resources and Food Production Development During Covid 19 Pandemic
Abu Hassan Jalil
Akademi Kelulut Malaysia Sdn Bhd, 2625 Persiaran Rahmat, Teras Jernang, 43650 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Sustainable development in common everyday agriculture as opposed to the advanced technically innovative. like aeroponics or the introduction of molecular growth enhancers, flowers need to be pollinated. Regardless of pollination peculiarities, flowers and bees are part of nature and agricultural produce is part and parcel of common fertilization and reproduction of crops. Utilizing specific pollinating agents like endemic insects for endemic crops would be the most appropriate effort in crop yield management. With expanding urban development and environmental pollution on the rise, human civilization and industrialization are taking over agricultural space. It, therefore, seems prudent for a man to revert to highland agricultural development. Meliponiculture being a growing trend after the current decline of apiculture and mono-crop farming is pushed towards the suburbs and eventually to higher ground. This paper looks at the potential of highland meliponiculture in the ever-increasing highland agricultural development. The region investigated are the Tenasserim range which covers the Malay peninsula, S. Thailand and S. Myanmar. Also, the highlands in Sumatra and Borneo, and these comprise the Sunda Shelf region. Integrated Highland Agriculture Stations (IHAS) are being set up following models of successful Agritourism locations of past decades. A view of historical records of high- altitude discovery of stingless bee shows a promising ambience for stingless bee conservation and utilization in highland agriculture. As an infant step in conservation efforts, there is a need to address past failures in Meliponiculture and to upgrade pollination goals with stingless bee culturing in the highlands. Historical records of the early 1900s show numerous discoveries of stingless bee in these highland regions, and they have developed into major agriculture highland pockets. To name a few are the likes of Cameron Highlands in Peninsular Malaysia, Kundasang in North Borneo and many plots in Tenasserim and Sumatra. Having the appropriate environment encourages endemic pollinating agents to help improve fruit set and fruit quality while stingless bees will have added produce like honey beebread and propolis. These, in turn, have added value as consumable health products that is very much in demand in the current Covid-19 Pandemic.
Keywords: Meliponiculture, Highland Agriculture, Meliponine Honey, Beebread. Insect Pollination, Superfood.
2 The Utilization of Agro-industrial Waste for Soil Amendment and Liquid Biofertilizer Mixed Bacterial Antagonist in Eggplant Production
Supot Boonraeng and Naksit Punyoyai
Department of Agroindustry, Faculty of Agricultural Technology Chiangmai Rajabhat University Thailand
Abstract. This research aimed to improve soil fertility with soil amendment, prepared from agro- industrial waste, and application of antagonistic bacteria for controlling bacterial wilt disease. The experiments were tested on sandy-to-sandy loam soil with low organic matter and nutrients for planting eggplants. Besides the soil improvement with spent mushroom waste and mango peel mixed kernel, the results showed that soil pH, soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased as available levels. Also, two species of bacterial antagonist named Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquifaciens were cultured and mixed with the liquid biofertilizer. It was spiked for soil preparation before planting and during crop growth every week, which was affected by eggplant survival from bacterial wilt by 100% and 87% in plot and field-tested, respectively. The results from testing on sandy loam with the use of liquid biofertilizer three times/week showed that Ralstonia solanacearum in soil suppressed to the reduction of 92%. The yield increased by 25.96%. The optimum harvesting time was 12 - 15 days of fruit growth with the highest antioxidant activity. Finally, this study has excellent potential to be extended for farmers who organically grown.
3 Edible Insects: Alternative Protein for Sustainable Food and Nutritional Security
Helen C. D. Tuhumury*
Department of Agricultural Product Technology Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Population would grow geometrically, while food production would grow arithmetically. Therefore, the increase in population requires double the current food production. Food production has a substantial environmental impact and any food system applied need to take this issue into account seriously. Any food systems applied has to ensure that the food is secure for the people. Nutritional needs are considered integral to the food security concept and sustainability is also important. One of the nutritional needs in food is protein. Proteins mostly obtained from animal-based sources such as meat and fish, plant-based proteins, particularly legumes. However, the production of meat, more importantly ruminant meat is more and more argued for some issues including environment, food safety, and animal welfare. In order to ensure sustainable protein production, the dietary change would be to use alternative protein sources such as insects. In general, insects have high protein content and excellent production efficiency compared with other conventional protein food groups. Nevertheless, eating insects are mostly considered as unfavourable in most countries, especially in western countries. Therefore, it is necessarily important to develop the use of insects in various forms, including pastes or powders, concentrates or isolates which can be used further as ingredients or fortified agents in new food product formulations. This paper therefore explores the feature of edible insects as sustainable and viable food source that can contribute to food security including, types of edible insects as food and their nutritional compositions; the advantage and disadvantage of edible insect production; and processing of edible insects. In conclusion, insects can contribute to sustainable food and nutritional security and be a part of the solution to protein shortages. Insects protein concentrates could potentially be an alternative protein source in food formulation. However, more comparative studies are needed to truly assess the functionality of various insect protein compared to conventional proteins.
Keywords: Edible insects; food security; protein; food formulation
4
ORAL PRESENTATION
5
ROOM 1 CENGKEH - AGRICULTURAL
6 [RCengkih-1]
Centella asiatica Tendril Growth of Samosir – Indonesia Accession with Phosphorus Treatment
Noverita S Vinolina, R Sigalingging
1Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Kampus USU, Prof. A. Sofyan No. 3, Medan 20155, Indonesia 2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Kampus USU, Prof. A. Sofyan No. 3, Medan 20155, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Medicinal plants that are often used are pegagan (Centella asiatica). Due to the benefits of pegagan, it is important to know the growth of this plant in detail, in this case, the growth of tendrils related to biomass production. Plant materials are needed that are guaranteed production levels and quality by applying recommended cultivation. The objective of this research was to understand the effect of phosphorus on the growth of pegagan tendrils. This research was conducted using a single factor with six levels of P2O5 fertilizer dosage with a non-factorial randomized block design repeated three times. The 6 levels of fertilizer dosage are 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 kg P2O5/ha. The treatment of phosphorus (F) at 3-12 WAP had no significant effect on the number of primary tendrils; however, the phosphorus application affects the growth component of the primary tendril length in acid soil conditions. Pegagan can still grow well even though the land conditions are very acidic.
7 [RCengkih-2]
Study of Dryland Cultivation Farming Technology to Support Sustainable Food Independence on Small Islands
Johan Riry1, Asri Subkhan Mahulette1, Alfonsina Marthina Tapotubun2, Welly Angela Riry3
1Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University 2Study Program of Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University 3Study Program of Law, Faculty of Law, Pattimura University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The agricultural sector's strategic roles for economic growth include providing food for the Indonesian population, earning the country's foreign exchange through exports, providing industrial raw materials, increasing employment and business opportunities, increasing regional revenues, and alleviating poverty. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) stated that food self-sufficiency occurs when everyone in every moment can access food both physically and economically to meet their daily needs. Drylands have characteristics such as water shortage, erosion sensitivity, low land productivity, high variability in soil fertility, limited plant species, low adoption of advanced technology, minimal capital availability, and inadequate infrastructure. Small islands are islands ecologically separated from the mainland island, have clear physical boundaries, and are isolated from the parent island's habitats, so they are insular. Small islands usually have relatively small catchment areas, are vulnerable to global warming, sensitive to natural disasters, very isolated and far from the main market, open to small-scale economic systems, have high population growth rates, have limited infrastructure and education, and limited skills of its inhabitants. Small islands have a high rate of land degradation that threatens the long- term sustainability of agriculture. Technologies that can be applied to dryland on small islands are conservation farming, LIESA system, Biointensive Gardening, Dusung, Agropasture, Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT), Rounders type, No-tillage, and small island weed management. This paper is an idea contribution to overcome the food problem in small islands that generally have drylands. It was presented at the National Seminar of the Indonesian Agronomy Association (PERAGI) in Bogor.
Keywords: Food independence, dry land, sustainable, small island
8 [RCengkih-3]
Application of Drip Irrigation with Various Planting Media and Cow Urine in Pre-Nursery Oil Palm
C I Wahyudin1,*, A S Mahulette2, V L Tanasale2, D A Marasabessy2, N Goo2, R A Rifqah1, Y Azmi1, W D Mariati3, Michala4
1Agrotechnology Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pelalawan, Riau, Indonesia 2Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia 3Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Health Agriculture and Marine Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 4Departemen Islamic Broadcasting Communication, IAI Bunga Bangsa Cirebon
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study's objective was to determine drip irrigation and biological organic fertilizer treatment on oil palm growth. This research was conducted at the Center for Agrotechnology Practicum, Pelalawan Langgam Institute of Technology, for three months from September to December 2019. This research consisted of 3 experiments, namely drip irrigation, types of planting media, cow urine on the growth of oil palm seedlings. There are three levels of drip irrigation, namely 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. Experiments on the type of planting media consisted of two types, namely M1 (ultisol soil + husk charcoal + fern fertilizer) and M2 (ultisol soil + empty bunches + goat manure). The cow urine experiment consisted of three levels, namely 100 ml, 150 ml, 300 ml. The results showed that giving water for 30 minutes gave the best results on stem circumference, plant height increase, plant dry weight, wet plant weight was higher in oil palm seedlings. M1 media (ultisol soil + husk charcoal + fern fertilizer) significantly affected the increase in plant height, wet weight, and dry weight of oil palm seedlings. Giving a dose of 200 ml tends to increase plant height and plant wet weight.
Keywords: Drip irrigation, cow urine, planting medium, oil palm
9 [RCengkih-4]
The Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Concentration on Some Varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus l.) in Enhancing the Germination Viability
C I Wahyudin1,*, A S Mahulette2, J I Nendissa2, M H Makaruku2, W D Mariati3, A Haitami4, D Astut1, Arby'in Pratiwi5
1Agrotechnology Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pelalawan, Riau, Indonesia 2Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia 3Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Health Agriculture and Marine Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 4Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Kuantan Singgingi, Riau 5Departemen of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Gadjah Mada jl. FaunaNo. 3, Bulaksumur Yogjakarta 5528, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study aimed to see the interaction between the concentration of Polyethylene Glycol and various varieties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus l.) On plant germination. This study used a factorial, completely randomized design with three replications. The factors used for the analysis were varieties of kenaf (Karang Ploso 6, Karang Ploso 9, and Karang Ploso 15) and the concentration of Polyethylene Glycol (0, 3, 5, and 7 ppm). Data were examined by analyzing variance and separation of the mean through the using least significant difference (LSD) test of 5%. There is an interaction between the concentration of Polyethylene Glycol and kenaf varieties on germination power. Karang Ploso 9 variety was consistent with several concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol, which had higher germination and simultaneousness than other varieties. Karang Ploso 6, Karang Ploso 9, and Karang Ploso 15 had hypocotyl length, tight wetness, dry weight, which was not significantly different.
Keywords: Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus, polyethylene glycol
10 [RCengkih-5]
Resistance Varieties and Pattern of Disease Progress of Rust (Pucciana horiana P. Henn) in Chrysanthemum
Yayuk Aneka Bety*, Retno Pangestuti
Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Central Java, Jl. Sukarno-Hatta Km 26, No. 10, Kotak Pos 124, Bergas, Kabupaten Semarang, 50552.
* E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Rust is a major disease in chrysanthemum, which causes degradation of flower quality and results in up to 100% yield loss. Out of all the available strategies, breeding for host-plant resistance and knowledge of the pattern of disease progression in each variety is an effective strategy to control rust disease. The disease progress figured out the level of disease severity from time to time. It would be as guidance to control the disease, especially pesticide application. Six national superior and one introduced varieties were tested for their rust resistance. They were studied to know the pattern of disease progression in each variety from vegetative to generative phase. The study was conducted from August 2014 to January 2015 in the plastic house of chrysanthemum plantation at Garung sub-District, Wonosobo regency, one of the centers of chrysanthemum production in Central Java. The disease intensity was measured at 30, 60, and 90 days after planting. The results relayed that based on the rate of disease progress and the average of disease intensity, it could be identified that the superior national varieties of chrysanthemum, Kusumaswasti, Marimar, and Yulimar were more resistant to rust than the four other varieties tested. The rate of disease progress and the level of disease intensity of rust by the plant age determined the resistance of the chrysanthemum varieties to rust. Moreover, the result showed that each variety had a different rate and pattern of disease progression and could control rust effectively.
Keywords: Chrysanthemum, rust, resistant variety, disease progress.
11 [RCengkih-6]
Moler Disease and Cultivation Practiced by Shallot Farmers in Brebes Central Java
Supriyadi1,2,3, Supyani1,2,3, SH. Poromarto1,2,3, Hadiwiyono1,2,3
1Agrotechnology Department, Agricultural Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 2Magister Program of Agronomy, Agricultural Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 3Doctoral Program of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract. Shallot is one of the leading commodities for farmers in Brebes, Central Java. Brebes is the largest supplier of Indonesia's national shallot production. This is what makes Brebes famous as a center for shallot production. However, recently farmers have been faced with the attack of pathogens that cause Moler disease, which recently increased their attacks. Certain conditions cause significant yield losses of up to 40%. The relationship between increasing the intensity of moler and cultivation practiced by shallot farmers in Brebes is discussed in this text. The research was conducted through a survey by taking seven districts with the Brebes district's highest production area. Five farmers were selected for each speed. The data was excavated from farmers with a questionnaire about the shallot cultivation practice carried out by farmers. The results showed that the cultivation practices carried out by farmers had the potential to increase the intensity of moler disease. The method that is meant is without crop rotation or varieties, without organic fertilizers, intensive application of fungicide, and balanced fertilization.
Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum, organic fertilizers, fungicides, crop rotation
12 [RCengkih-7]
Activity test of Bacillus spp Against Bacterial Wilt (R. solanacearum) on Tomatoes by In Vitro
Gratiana N. C. Tuhumury*, Jeffij V. Hasinu, Henry Kesaulya
Department of Agriculture Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Ralstonia solanocearum is a pathogenic bacterium that attacks tomatoes and causes wilt disease. Many efforts have been made to control this disease through cultivation, use of chemical pesticides, and the development of resistant varieties, but bacterial wilt disease remains a serious problem economically. Nowadays, much biological control is being developed using microbes. The use of Bacillus spp as an antagonistic microbe is very potential for control because it has pathogenic inhibitory activity. This study aims to obtain bacterial isolates of Bacillus spp, which can suppress bacterial wilt disease development in tomato plants. The research was conducted in vitro at the Plant Physiology Laboratory of the Unpatti Agriculture Faculty. The results showed that Bacillus niabencis strain PT-32-1, and Bacillus subtilis strain SW116b could inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum, wilt disease in tomato plants in vitro.
Keywords: Tomatoes, Bacillus sp, Ralstonia solanocearum
13 [RCengkih-8]
The Efficiency of Inorganic Fertilizer with Using the Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Increase the Cabbage Yield (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)
A E Marpaung*, B Karo, S Barus
Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Jl. Raya Medan-Berastagi Km. 60 Berastagi, 22156
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Using organic materials as fertilizer has contributed a lot to protecting the environment and the future of human life through sustainable agriculture. Local resources are used in such a way that synthetic nutrients can be reduced as low as possible. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on cabbage yield with inorganic fertilizers' efficiency. The research was conducted in Berastagi experimental farm, Karo regency, with the soil type and altitude of 1,340 m asl, which began from July-September 2018. The design used was a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 16 treatments with three replication. The treatments tested were: A. Without inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, B. 25% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, C. 50% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, D. 75% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, E. 100% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, F. Without inorganic fertilizer + LOF 2, G. Inorganic fertilizer 25% + LOF 2, H. Inorganic fertilizer 50% + LOF 2, I. Inorganic fertilizer 75% + LOF 2, J. 100% Inorganic Fertilizer + LOF 2, K. Without inorganic fertilizers + LOF 3, L. Inorganic Fertilizer 25% + LOF 3, M. Inorganic Fertilizer 50% + LOF 3, N. Inorganic Fertilizer 75% + LOF 3, O. 100% Inorganic Fertilizer + LOF 3, P. 100% Inorganic Fertilizer (Control). The results showed that, in general, the application of liquid organic fertilizer for rabbit manure, fish fertilizer, and fish titillation could stimulate the growth and yield of cabbage better than synthetic chemical fertilizers. Application of the liquid organic fertilizer can increase the height growth of cabbage was 0.67-0.88%, plant diameter was 0.33-2.56%, crop weight per plant was 5.14-5.84%, production per plot was 2.96-9.78%, and the harvest ratio of 3.36-10.84% compared to the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers.
14 [RCengkih-9]
Analysis of Macro Nutrient Content in Biofouling Waste Organic Fertilizer Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima L.)
J I Nendissa*, M H Makaruku, V L Tanasale, A K Kilkoda, J Taribuka
1Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Biofouling development is a major problem in bivalve aquaculture around the world. The purpose of this study was to obtain macronutrient analysis data for organic fertilizer from pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima L) biofouling waste. The manufacture of solid organic fertilizer products has the quality equivalent to other commercial organic fertilizers by utilizing pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima L.) biofouling waste to produce high quality solid organic fertilizers by the Quality Standards for solid organic fertilizers and the Indonesian National Standard. Organic fertilizer from pearl oyster biofouling waste is obtained by using pearl oyster biofouling waste taken from the results of cleaning microorganisms attached to the pearl oyster shell area. Another major concern regarding biofouling is the potential for food competition caused by the attachment of the filter- feeder. Besides, the waste of biofouling pearl oysters is extracted and soaked in freshwater for one week at a time. Afterward, the pearl oyster biofouling waste is dried in the sun to dry, odorless, blackish-brown in color. Analysis of macronutrient content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results of the analysis of macronutrient content were water content (5.76%), C (14.48%), organic matter (24%), N-total (0.92%), P-total (0, 25%), K-total (1.02%), C/N ratio (15.72).
Keywords: Decomposition, organic fertilizer, plant nutrition, shell
15 [RCengkih-10]
Physiological Characters of Four Lowland Chili Varieties (Capsicum annum L.) with Root Cutting
Kusumaningrum S1, E Sulistyaningsih1,*, R Harimurti1, K Dewi2
1Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
* E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The root system plays some vital roles in the overall plant development, promoting plant anchorage, absorption of nutrients and water, and hormone production. Cutting is an attempt to root regeneration and enhance the plant's metabolism capability, including canopies and roots for high yielding. Nonhybrid chili can be used as a model plant because Indonesia's chili yield has not been maximal yet. This research was aimed to determine the physiological characters of four lowland chili varieties with root cutting. This study was designed using a randomized, complete block design with two factors, namely root cutting and varieties. The root cutting factor consisted of 4 levels: root cutting in seeding, root cutting in ridging, root cutting in seedling and ridging, and non-cutting. The varieties factor consisted of 4 levels, namely Lembang-1, Kencana, Tanjung- 2, dan Ungu. The results showed that root cutting in ridging for Kencana and Lembang-1 increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, CO2 intercellular, chlorophyll b accumulation, and photosynthesis rate. The increase in plant physiology character improved fruit yield. Meanwhile, root cutting in ridging for Ungu increased width of stomata, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, CO2 intercellular, chlorophyll accumulation, nitrate reductase activity, photosynthesis rate, and fruit yield per plant. However, Tanjung-2 did not respond to root cutting treatment because it did not improve plant physiology characters and fruit yield than non-cutting treatment. It is concluded that root cutting in ridging can be improved plant physiology, which contributes to increasing yield on Kencana, Lembang-1, and Ungu.
Keywords: root cutting, nonhybrid lowland chili varieties, plant physiology, yield
16 [RCengkih-11]
Effects of Physical and Chemical Treatments on Seed Germination and Soybean Seed-Borne Fungi
Evan Purnama Ramdan*, Achmad Yozar Perkasa, Tubagus Kiki Kawakibi Azmi, Aisyah, Ratih Kurniasih, Putri Irene Kanny, Risnawati, Paranita Asnur
Agrotechnology Department, Industrial Technology Faculty, Gunadarma University, Jalan Margonda Raya 100, Pondok Cina, Beji, Depok, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia after rice and maize. Plant pathogens still constrain the increase in soybean productivity. One of plant pathogenic infections can occur during the seed phase. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of physical and chemical treatments as control of seed-borne fungi and their impact on soybean seed germination. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments, namely physical treatment by heating the seeds in a microwave at a temperature of 40oC for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds and chemical treatment by soaking the seeds in a fungicide with an active ingredient diphenoconazole with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Seeds without heating and soaking fungicides were used as control. Each treatment was repeated three times. The seeds that have been given treatments are then planted using the growing test technique and incubated for seven days. Furthermore, the seed viability and the growth of pathogenic fungi were observed at the end of incubation. The results showed that soybean seed germination was not affected by physical and chemical treatments. This is proven by the seed viability of 100% with or without treatment. This was confirmed by the findings of seed-borne fungi (Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus) with a low infection rate of 0.01-0.19%. Chemical treatment with concentrations of 0.5%, 2%, and 3% had a significant effect on Fusarium infection levels, which were higher than the control, which was 0.18%, 0.17%, and 0.19%, respectively. Meanwhile, for Curvularia and Aspergillus, physical and chemical treatments did not have a significant effect.
Keywords: Aspergillus, Curvularia, Fusarium, seed quality, seed viability.
17 [RCengkih-12]
Evaluation of Various Seed Processing Combination Technique to Produce True Shallot Seed with Good Quality
Nurmalita Waluyo1,*, Astiti Rahayu1, Rini Rosliani1, Teguh Wikan2, Redy Gaswanto1
1Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Jln. Tangkuban Perahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat 40391 2Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development, Jl. Sinarmas Boulevard, Situ Gadung, Kec. Pagedangan, Tangerang, Banten 15338
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The seed processing technique is very important to maintain quality and suppress seed deterioration rate as long as processing time. This research aims to evaluate various seed processing combination techniques to produce True Shallot Seed (TSS) with good quality. The research was conducted at the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal) from March until December 2018. The research used a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatment consisted of 12 combinations of seed processing, including drying, capsule breaking, and sortation technique. The research result showed that the best treatment was a combination technique with seed capsule drying in the dehumidifier room at 30- 35oC- processing capsule by hand manually- sorting seed by winnower machine followed by hand manually, then redrying in the dehumidifier room at 30-35oC until moisture content was appropriate with breeder seed standard requirement. The produced seed quality in this treatment showed the germination of 75%, the moisture content of 7.5%, and the physical purity of 99.9%. This research implies that the availability of TSS processing technology can be carried out by massal, but the produced seed quality is appropriate with minimum standard requirements.
Keywords: Seed processing technique, true shallot seed, quality seed
18
ROOM 2 PALA - AGRICULTURE
19 [RPala-1]
The Effect of Salinity on Early Growth of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) Seedlings
Aisar Novita1,*, Nini Rahmawati2, Abdul Rahman Cemda3, Hilda Julia4, Merlyn Mariana5, Silvia Nora5
1Departments of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 2Departments of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 3Departments of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 4Departments of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 5Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian, Medan, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Vetiver is widespread in saline areas. Only a few studies have reported that they are sufficiently tolerant of salt. The basic mechanism of salt tolerance in vetiver is still not known with certainty. This study aims to determine salinity's effect on vetiver's early growth (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) seedlings. This research was conducted in a greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design, namely the salinity stress (S), which consisted of 3 factors: EC salinity levels of 0 (distilled water), 4 and 8 ds/m. The salinity stress treatment showed a significant effect of reducing the growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. Salinity stress treatment gave significantly better effect in conditions without salinity stress.
Keywords: Salinity, Vetiveria zizanioides, seedling.
20 [RPala-2]
Improving Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of True Seed Shallot by Hormonal Seed Treatments
Retno Pangestuti1,2, Endang Sulistyaningsih1, Budiastuti Kurniasih1, Rudi Hari Murti1
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Central Java Jln. Soekarno Hatta KM 26, No 10, Bergas, Kabupaten Semarang 50552, Indonesia
Abstract. Seeding is the most important and difficult stage in shallot cultivation using seed (TSS). Seed treatment with hormones has the potential application to improve the quality of TSS seedlings. The research was conducted in the greenhouse from February to April 2020, using RCBD two factors with four replications. The first factor is shallot cultivars such as Tuk-Tuk, Lokananta, and Sanren, and the second factor is seed treatment by soaking seed with GA3 100 ppm and NAA 50 ppm for 12 hours and seeds without any treatment as control. Each replication consists of 364 plants. Treated and untreated seeds were sown in soil block media. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continue with DuncanTest at α=0.05. Seed treatment significantly increased the germination percentage of the three cultivars, plant height, leaf number, and leaf area of the three varieties six weeks after sowing (WAS). However, there was no significant difference in the shoot, pseudostem, root weight, root length, and root area of the three varieties at 6 WAS. The hypothetical vigor index was increased with seeds treatment. The research implication is that seed treatment with GA3 100 ppm and NAA 50 ppm for 12 hours could improve seed germination and seedling growth of TSS; additional fertilizers are perhaps needed to increase hormones' effect on seedlings.
Keywords: hormone, seed treatment, soil block, shallot, TSS
21 [RPala-3]
Seed Quality of Ten Indonesian New Improved Soybean Varieties after Three Months of Storage
N Herawati*, A R Aisah, B N Hidayah, A Hipi
Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) – Institute for Assessment of Agricultural Technology – West Nusa Tenggara Province, 83371 Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Soybean is the third most important food commodity in Indonesia after rice and corn. However, Indonesian production is only supplying at most 52% of domestic demand. One of the efforts to increase productivity is through the use of good quality seeds. The germination test can be used to determine the ability of seed growth after long storage. This study aims to determine the seed quality of ten Indonesian improved soybean varieties after three months of storage. The research was conducted at the Institute for Assessment of Agricultural Technology (IAAT) West Nusa Tenggara Province from November 2019 to February 2020 using a completely randomized design with one factor and three replications. Ten improved soybean varieties were used, namely Devon 1, Devon 2, Demas, Biosoy, Dena, Deja 1, Dega 1, Detap 1, Burangrang, and Anjasmoro. One hundred seeds were germinated from each variety. Observations were conducted at 4, 5, and 6 days after sowing with the parameters, including germination rate, root length, and seedlings height. The results showed the variety of Devon 2, Deja 1, and Detap 1 among the highest germination rates. Also, Deja 1 and Devon 1 have the longest root, and Deja 1 has the highest seedlings' height.
22 [RPala-4]
Potential of Bacillus spp as a Biocontrol Agent Against Ralstonia Bacterial Wilt in Bananas
Jeffij V. Hasinu*, Gratiana N. C. Tuhumury, Henry Kesaulya
Agrotechnology of Agriculture Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University
* E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Bacterial wilt disease in banana plants caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a significant disease that can reduce peanut production. Until now, there is no effective method to control this disease. The use of biocontrol agents such as Bacillus spp is an alternative method of controlling Ralstonia in bananas. This study aimed to determine the activity of Bacillus spp against banana wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In vitro testing was carried out in the Plant Physiology laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University. The study used Bacillus suntilis strain SW116b, and Bacillus subtilis strain HPC2-1 isolates. The results showed that the SW116b stain Bacillus subtilis has the highest activity against Ralstonia solanocearum, which is 10.5 mm, so it can be a biological control agent suppressing the development of ralstonia wilt disease in bananas.
23 [RPala-5]
Identification of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Bacteria in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Experimental Field at Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Yun Sondang*, Khazy Anty, Ramond Siregar
Department of Food Crop Cultivation, Payakumbuh State Agriculture Polytechnic. Jl. Raya Negara Km 7 Tanjung Pati, Kab. Limapuluh Kota, 26271, West Sumatra, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The decrease in soil fertility and fewer soil microorganisms will lower crop production, particularly rice, thus threatening the national food security program. The objectives of this study are (a) to isolate and identify the bacteria in the endophytic and rhizosphere of rice plants (b) to study the bacteria from the endophytic and rhizosphere of rice plants, which potentially stimulate plant growth. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Food Crop Cultivation at Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, Harau District, Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, for four months. The sampling method was carried out by random sampling at lowland rice planting in the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic Experimental Field. Endophytic bacteria were taken from the root tissue of rice plants, and rhizosphere bacteria were taken from a layer of soil around rice roots. Isolation of bacteria was carried out by using the pour plate and scratchplate methods. Four bacteria were identified using the 16S rDNA sequencing method. The identification results showed that in the rice root tissue found the bacteria Chromobacterium rhizoryzae and Brevibacillus brevis. In the rice rhizosphere, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus pseudomycoides are found. Bacteria are dominated by the Bacillus genera, which can stimulate plant growth.
24 [RPala-6]
The Demographic of Promecotheca cumingii Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Coconut Plant
Novalisa Lumentut*, Muhamad Nur, Meldy L.A. Hosang, And Yulianus Matana
Indonesian Palmae Research Institute, Jalan Raya Mapanget, Kotak Pos 1004 Manado 95001
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Promecotheca cumingii (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is considered an important pest on the coconut plant. Basic information such as the species' biology and life table is extremely important to control its attack. The life table of P. cumingii can be examined in the laboratory. The study aimed at examining the biology and life table of P. cumingii. The study was conducted at the Entomology laboratory of Indonesian Palmae Research Institute, Manado, from January to October 2018. The study results show that the young leaves coconut are more suitable to support the life of P. cumingii, and the longevity of adult P. cumingii more suited to live and grow on the young leaves coconut. This could be seen from the average rm value = 0.129 individual per adult per day, and mean generation time (T) = 40.38 days. The rm value shows the host plants' suitability for increasing P. cumingii by considering the development periods, fecundity, longevity, survivorship, and sex ratio.
Keywords: Life table, intrinsic rate of increase (rm) P. cuminggii, coconut
25 [RPala-7]
Salt-Induced Growth Promotion in Rice Varieties During Nursery
Budiastuti Kurniasih, Nindya Arini, Devi Alvioliana, Rima Izatun Nisa, Rani Agustina Wulandari
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
Abstract. Climate change will increase the occurrence of salinity in many agricultural lands along with the coastal areas. One of the technologies to reduce salinity is pre-planting treatment. This study aimed to evaluate salinity treatment's effect during nurseries on the growth of lowland rice seedlings. There were three separate experiments; all the experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design. In the first experiment, local black rice seeds (var. Jelitheng) was used. The nursery was carried out at three salinity levels, i.e., 0.2, 3, and 5 dS/m. The second experiment was conducted using salt-resistant rice seeds (var. Dendang) and salt susceptible rice seeds (var. IR 64). The salinity levels applied were non-saline (0.2 dS/m) and saline (5 dS /m). The third experiment used rice seedling var. IR 64, with the first factor being the salinity level (0.2 and 5 dS/m), and the second factor was a wet nursery and dry nursery. In general, the results from the three experiments showed that giving salinity levels of 3- 5 dS/m in several rice varieties improved seedling performance. Although salinity during nursery could increase the concentration of Na+ and decrease the concentration of K+ in leaves, salinity during nursery increased the seedling's fresh weight, and dry weight increased the number of seedlings leaves and increased the concentration of leaf chlorophyll. The better seedlings growth variable in the saline nursery will help the plants deal with salinity in the later growth stage in the field.
26 [RPala-8]
Soybean Varieties Tolerance to Intercropping with Maize
Indah Permanasari1, Endang Sulistyaningsih2,*, Budiastuti Kurniarsih2, Didik Indradewa2
1Doctoral Student of Graduate School of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 2Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. There is no available information in determining soybean varieties that shows tolerance when intercropped with maize. This research aimed to define the tolerance evidence of soybean varieties intercropped with maize-based on its growth and yield. The research was field experimented from October 2019 to February 2020 and arranged in RCBD with two factors. The first factor was soybean varieties with 16 national varieties of soybean. The second factor was cropping systems, i.e., monoculture and intercropping. Data of growth and yield were observed and analyzed to analyze variance and means separated by Duncan`s test at 5%. The results showed that the growth and yield of soybean varieties responded differently to cropping systems. Based on the seed weight/plant parameter, there were two soybean groups of tolerant (i.e., seed weight/plant higher than its average (6.90 and 8.34 g/plant) on 16 varieties tested by intercropping and monoculture, respectively) and intolerant. The tolerant consisted of Derap 1, Devon 1, Demas 1, Deja 1, Dena 2, and Wilis. Derap 1 was the utmost tolerant as its seed weight/plant increased maximum (13.78%) when intercropped, high tolerance index, seed number/plant, and weight of 100 seeds, even though its number of pods, productive branches, and plant height were lower than the average. On the other hand, Pangrango, Detap 1, and Slamet were grouped as intolerant due to its significant decrement of seed weight/plant from monoculture to intercropping.
Keywords: Intercropping, maize, soybean, tolerance.
27 [RPala-9]
Impact of Salicylic Acid and Biosilica application on Leaf Anatomy to Improve Harvest Index of Shallot Underwater Deficit
Indarwati L D*, E Sulistyaningsih, B Kurniasih
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Shallot is a horticulture crop with a fibrous root system susceptible to water deficit, particularly in the bulb formation stage. This study examined the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and biosilica (Si) exogenous induction on leaf anatomy and harvest index of shallot grown under water deficit in plastic baskets. A factorial 4 × 2 experiments laid out in a randomized complete block design with four blocks. The first factor of treatments was a four-level exogenous induction, i.e., control (0 without SA and Si), 0.5mM SA, 6mM Si, and combination (0.5mM SA and 6mM Si). The second factor was the level of interval irrigations, i.e., one-day interval and three-day interval. The results showed that a thicker silica-cuticula double-layer was found in treatment 6mM Si with a three-day interval, i.e.,7.8 μm. The thickened cuticle was due to silica accumulation in the leaf's upper epidermis cells, which reduced the leaf's transpiration. The treatment of combination 0.5mM SA and 6mM Si with three-day interval improved water use efficiency (WUE) and decrease stomatal density. The highest harvest index was the combination of 0.5mM SA and 6mM Si with a three-day interval, i.e., 0.54, while the lowest was the control with a three-day interval, i.e., 0.19. As a result, the growth and high harvest index improved by reducing transpiration and increased WUE.
Keywords: Salicylic acid, biosilica, exogenous induction, water deficit, shallot.
28 [RPala-10]
In Vitro Propagation of Six Selected Sugarcane Mutant Clones Through Leaf Explants
Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih1, Deden Sukmadjaja1, Sri Suhesti2, Suci Rahayu1
1Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian 2Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
Abstract. Increasing sugarcane production is influenced by varieties and the provision of high- quality seeds. The use of high yielding varieties has a contribution of about 30-35% to yield. The propagation of large seedling quantities must support the release of new varieties that have superior characteristics to develop newly released varieties. Conventionally, supplying superior sugarcane seedlings in large quantities is difficult because it takes about 30 months before used by the farmers. Tissue culture technology has been proven to produce many seeds with a high level of uniformity and can shorten the levels needed in providing superior sugarcane seeds. Six mutant clones of sugarcane (M2, M3, M4, M6, M7, M8) tolerant to drought and wetland areas were produced by in vitro mutagenesis method. To support the planting material sufficiency of these clones, and efficient propagation method was needed. Media formulations with different physical properties and composition of growth regulators were tested to obtain high seedling propagation rates. The media formulation for callus induction was Murashige dan Skoog (MS) + 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 3 g/l casein hydrolysate + 3% sucrose and for shoot regeneration was MS + 0,5 mg/l BA + 0,1 mg/l IBA + 100 mg/l PVP and 2% sucrose. Shoot proliferation was carried out on MS liquid (1, ½) + (0.3; 0.5 mg/l) BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA + 1 mg/l Kinetin + (0; 0.5 mg/l) GA3+ sucrose 2%. The results showed that M4 mutant clones produced the fastest callus induction, and the slowest was M7. The fastest shoot induction was obtained from M2 mutant clones, and the slowest was M4. The highest number of shoots was obtained from the M6 clone, while the lowest number of shoots was from M8. The M8 mutant more difficult to regenerate compared to the others. The best media formulation for shoot proliferation was ½ MS containing 0.5 mg/l BA, one mg/l Kinetin, and 0.1 mg/l IBA.
Keywords: Sugarcane, mutant some clones, micropropagation, tissue culture.
29 [RPala-11]
Embryo-gynogenic Induction of Indonesia Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) Cultivars using Three Different Protocol Unpollinated Flower Cultures
E S Lestari1,2, Sulastriningsih2, D C Prayantini2, A Purwantoro1, E Sulistyaningsih1,*
1Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2PT BISI International, tbk, Pare, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Embryo-gynogenic Induction was an important step in haploid induction. The research was determined the best method of unpollinated flower culture of Indonesia shallot varieties. Three methods were used, including method 1 with two-step cultures using BDS as basic medium supplemented with polyamines two mM putrescine on the first step and spermidine 0,1 mM at the second step, method 2 using BDS as basic medium supplemented with 2,4D 2 mgL-1 and BA 2 mgL-1 on the first step and NAA 1 mgL-1 and 2iP 2 mgL-1 on the second step and method 3 using B5 medium supplemented with 2,4D 2 mgL-1 and BA 2 mgL-1. Six shallot cultivars used as flower donors were Katumi, Bima Brebes, Tajuk, Trisula, Superphilip, and Bauji. Flower umbel was collected and pretreated using Yoshida liquid medium then placed on incubator at 4 °C for overnight. The results showed that all flowers cultured could anthesis properly in the first week of cultured. The embryos could emerge from ovaries from week 7th of cultured in all methods. However, the highest percentage of embryos gynogenic developed to seedlings was achieved using method 3 in Superphilip (6,98%) followed by method 2 in Tajuk (4,44%).
Keywords: embryo-gynogenic, haploid induction, unpollinated flower
30 [RPala-12]
Optimization of Gamma-Ray Irradiation Dose on Strawberry Plantlets
Darmawan Saptadi1,*, Hidayatul Arisah2, Dita Agisimanto2
1Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang, Indonesia, 65145 2Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Jl. Raya Tlekung Junrejo, Batu, Indonesia, 65301
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Strawberries are very prospective to be developed in Indonesia, while superior varieties' availability is still very limited. Strawberry breeding is constrained by the low genetic diversity available. Increasing genetic diversity can be done by inducing mutations using gamma-ray irradiation. Gamma-ray irradiation experiments were carried out on strawberry explants resulting from meristem culture. Several doses of irradiation tried were 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 Gy. Observations were made on the percentage of explants surviving and morphological changes in the explants. Treatment below 20 Gy did not cause death or change in the morphology of explants. Doses 20, 30, and 40 caused mortality in the range of 50-60%. At a dose of 60 Gy, the percentage of live explants was high, but it caused quite drastic changes in leaf morphology. Until the end of the observation, explants treated with irradiation doses above 60 Gy had severe damage, and all died. Optimal radiation doses were set at 20 and 30 Gy to obtain mutants with less morphological damage. All of the radiation yielded plantlets with optimal doses in the form of clusters were separated and transferred to acclimatization media for observation of their morphological and genetic diversity.
Keywords: LD50, mutation, optimal dose, genetic variability.
31 [RPala-13]
The Effect of Light and Gibberellic Acid Concentration on Breaking Dormancy of Potato Micro Tubers
Asih K. Karjadi*, Nurmalita Waluyo
Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) are included in priority crops, its function as the source of carbohydrates in food diversification. Tubers of potato are stem tubers, so the tubers such as micro tuber can appear in the stem of in vitro cuttings. The activity aimed to determine the effect of GA3 concentration (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 ppm) and storage condition Dark (T1) and light (T2) on breaking dormancy of micro potato tubers. The experiment was conducted in the Tissue culture Laboratory of IVEGRI from April until September 2018. The experiment's design was a random block design with three replications; each treatment consists of 40 micro tubers var. Granola with size >3 - <4 g per each. The experiment storage condition results were significantly different from breaking dormancy on four until six weeks. GA3 concentration did not affect the average number of shoots, average shoot length in concentration five until 20 ppm. The average shoot number, shoot length was 0.50-2 per tubers, 7.50m – 20.13 mm, respectively. There was no interaction between treatment, visual observation storage in light condition had quality shoot better than in dark condition.
Keywords: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L), micro tuber, gibberellic acid, dormancy
32
ROOM 3 KAYU MANIS - AGRICULTURE
33 [RKayu Manis-1]
Accelerate A New Elite Line Through Combined-Eigenanalysis Selection Index Methods and Pooled Variance in Self-Pollinated Crops
Edizon Jambormias
Department of Plant Breeding, Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University, Ambon
Abstract. Selection in an early generation is an option for generating new varieties in conditions of rapid climate change. Genetic improvement must be to deal with the mentioned conditions. Yield improvements can be made on the population of early generations to deal with rapid climate change. Early generation selection is effective when this selection can make transgressive segregation fixation. In self-pollinated crops, a selection program ends when a large number of transgressive segregate segments are fixed. The selection method in self-pollinated crops requires at least six generations of selection to produce new elite lines or four generations in double haploid breeding. The gain of transgressive segregation can be used to accelerate new select lines in early generations. Information from relatives in early generation can be used to building a selection index equation base on empirical breeding value (EBV), i.e., the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP’s) of multiple traits of the families (BLUPFT) and the BLUP’s of multiple traits of within families (BLUPWFT). Eigenanalysis of BLUPFT and BLUPWFT produces the Combined- Eigenanalysis Selection Index Methods (CESIM) and pooled eigenanalysis variance (PVE). Both BLUP’s were used to detect the best genotype of multiple traits and pooled variance to detect homogenous families. Research data in early generations of mungbean, a self-pollinated crop, is used to generate CESIM and PVE. Character selections are seed weight (g) and simultaneous harvest index. The eigenanalysis of BLUPWFT in Generation F3 showed that the first of five PC had been able to explain ± 84% of total variation and produce ± 38% homogenous families of multiple traits. On the other hand, simulation of economic values in index selection produces the 2 best CESIM with 푅퐼 = 96.76%. The seed weight and simultaneous harvest index components were 13-30 and 0.35-0.8, respectively. Nine families were verified s the transgressive segregate of multiple traits in an early generation.
Keywords: CESIM, eigenanalysis, multiple traits, transgressive segregate, transgressive segregation
34 [RKayu Manis-2]
Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria of Corn
Henry Kesaulya1,*, A.Talahaturuson2, A. Marthin Kalay2, S.J. Nendissa3, I. J. Lawalatta2, M.L. Hehanussa1, E. Matatula1
1)Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University 2)Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University 3)Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is necessary to determine root colony bacteria's ability to produce various compounds that can be used for multiple purposes of bio-fertilizer formulations microbial-based industrial interests. This study aimed to characterize biochemical, morphological, physiological characteristics, and the ability of root bacteria in maize to produce hormones that can stimulate plant growth. There is a wide diversity of isolates morphologically and biochemically. It was also found that bacterial isolates could physiologically dissolve phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce enzymes ACC-deaminase, IAA, and GA.
Keywords: Morphology, biochemistry, physiology, isolation, characterization, rhizobacteria
35 [RKayu Manis-3]
Adaptation Test of Five Cherry Tomato Introduced Lines in Lembang Highland
Redy Gaswanto*
Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Jln. Tangkuban Parahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat, Indonesia 40391
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstrak. Tomato has some types according to size and fruit shape; one kind is a cherry tomato. This research aimed to select and evaluate the adaptation and preference test result of five cherry tomato introduced lines in Lembang highland. The research material consisted of lines IJR 151, IJR 154, IJR 1150, IJR 1158, IJR 2170, and one local variety as a check genotype. The adaptation and preference tests were conducted at the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal) from March until August 2017. The research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Research results showed that all cherry tomato lines could adapt well in Lembang. Lines IJR 151 and IJR 154 could be developed as a new variety due to shape and fruit taste to refer to consumers' preferences, even though lines IJR 1158 and IJR 2170 had higher fruit weight. Moreover, lines IJR 154, IJR 1150, IJR 1158 could be recommended to provide sufficiency vitamins A and C due to high beta carotene content (> 100 microgram mg-1)
Keywords: Solanum lycopersicon, adaptation test, introduced lines, beta carotene
36 [RKayu Manis-4]
Effect of Cultivars on Metabolite Profiling of Shallot (Allium cepa L. var Aggregatum) with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Fransiska Renita Anon Basundari1,2, Endang Sulistyaningsih1, Rudi Hari Murti1, Tri Rini Nuringtyas3
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT)- West Papua, Jl. Trikora-Anday Km 20, Manokwari, Papua Barat Indonesia 3Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Senolowo, Sinduadi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract. Shallot is one of the Allium species which has a high economic value and has already been widely cultivated in Indonesia. It has numerous cultivars with specific characteristics, such as harvesting time, yield, taste, odor, or bulb color. One of the differences between Tuk Tuk and Trisula used in this experiment was the bulb color. Tuk Tuk’s bulb color is light red, while Trisula is dark red. It might be caused by a variation of metabolite content in the shallot bulb. It can be observed by metabolomics. However, metabolomics research using the NMR method for metabolite profiling of shallot bulbs has not been studied yet in previous research. It is necessary to be investigated since it would provide metabolite information playing a role in their characteristics’ difference. The experiment's purpose was to offer metabolite variations between two cultivars of shallot with the NMR method. Two shallot cultivars, Tuk Tuk and Trisula, were used in this experiment. The extraction method was conducted based on Schripsema et al. (2018). Metabolite profiling was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Spectra produced from the 1H-NMR analysis was analyzed qualitatively using MNOVA software and Metaboanalyst.ca. Metabolomics analysis has successfully been performed for metabolite profiling of two shallot cultivars. A total of 23 metabolites were interpreted and characterized, including isoleucine, threonine, cycloalliin, alanine, arginine, GABA, acetic acid, glutamate, glutamine, succinic acid, citric acid, methiin, propiin, choline, -glucose, -glucose, sucrose, fumaric acid, tryptophan, histidine, and formic acid. Seven out of 23 metabolites, i.e., threonine, methiin, propiin, choline, glucose, sucrose, and formic acid, were significantly higher in Trisula than Tuk. Seven metabolite compounds found to be higher in Trisula than those in Tuk Tuk might be correlated to the red intensity of bulb color. The result also showed that metabolite profiling with NMR provided a variation of metabolite content in two cultivars of shallot.
37 [RKayu Manis-5]
Isolation and Identification of Fenobucarb Insecticide- Degrading Bacteria from Pangalengan Farm Land
Alina Akhdiya*, Randy Arya Sanjaya, Wartono
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Excessive use of pesticides in the long term can lead to the accumulation of residues in soil and lead to disturbed ecosystems. Although microbes' bioremediation was considered to convert organic residues into harmless compounds to the environment, indigenous microbial strains with beneficial properties are limited. This study aimed to isolate, select, and identify fenobucarb insecticide-degrading bacteria from agricultural soil. The soil samples were taken from the fields and land to plant vegetables in Pangalengan, West Java. Isolation was conducted using Nitrate Mineral Salt (NMS) added with 100 ppm fenobucarb insecticide. Isolates were selected based on the hypersensitive response aroused in tobacco leaves, hemolytic response on blood agar, and their ability to degrade insecticide. Molecular identification was performed by 16S rRNA analysis. Twenty-nine isolates of fenobucarb insecticide-degrading bacteria were isolated from four soil samples and 22 isolates, causing a hypersensitive response in tobacco leaf and nonhemolytic. Isolates B41, B54 and B83 showed degradation activity fenobucarb successively reached 94.2%, 94.5%, and 95.47%, respectively, when grown in NMS with 100 ppm fenobucarb. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed B54 had the closest similarity to Bacillus luciferensis (99% homology), whereas B41 and B83 had the closest similarity to Bacillus spp.
Keywords: Isolation, identification, Bacillus, fenobucarb degradation, 16S rRNA.
38 [RKayu Manis-6]
Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) That Was Applied by Various Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Climate Change at Acid Soil
Jamilah*, Rapialdi, Milda Ernita
Program Studi Magister Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tamansiswa Padang
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Acidic soils are formed from rapid climate change. Acid soils have problems in them, including high levels of Al, Fe, and Mn and P and N's unavailability for staple crops. Indonesia imports almost 70% of its domestic requirement. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of soybean plants that were given various types of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) to climate change in acid soils. Experiments have been carried out in acid soil in the Kuranji area of Padang City. Materials needed include; Mutiara-1 seed. The lime and LOF trials were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), with nine treatments, namely; without calcification and LOF (A); give lime equivalent to 1 x Al-dd and without LOF (Control) (B); Crocober (C); Crocoberma (D); Crocoberderma (E); Titocroco (F); Titocrocoma (G); (H); Trichoderma harzianum (I). The observational data were analyzed statistically using an F level of 5% significance level if the treatment had a significant effect; it was followed by an LSD test of 5% significance level. Observation parameters include; agronomic, pH soil. Experimental results established that dolomite lime can increase soil pH. Titocrocoma LOF accompanied by liming gives the best effect on soybean varieties Mutiara-1 at the vegetative stadium and produces 3.45 Mg ha-1 forage dry weight equivalent to107,64 kg N ha-1 or 618,93 kg ha-1 crude protein.
Keywords: Soybean; acid soil; Liquid organic fertilizer; lime
39 [RKayu Manis-7]
Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus spp. Formulation in Zeolite Enriched with Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria for Controlling Nematode in Coffee
Iis Nur Asyiah1,*, Reginawanti Hindersah2, Rita Harni3, Betty Natalie Fitriatin2
1Biological Education Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan 37 Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia 2Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor Campus, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia 3Indonesian Center for Estate Crop Research and Development, Jl. Parungkuda, Sukabumi West Java 43357, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) play a role in suppressing the nematode Pratylenchus coffeae and the coffee plantation important disease. The effectivity of AMF to control the diseases might be increased by mychorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB). The formulation of biological agents is needed for ensuring their effectiveness to control targeted plant disease. The experimental purpose was to increase the population of spores of AMF Glomus spp. in zeolite- based formulation inoculated with liquid consortia of Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus subtilis as MHB. The experimental design was a randomized block design with six treatments consisting of 106, 107, 108, and 109 cfu/mL MHB liquid inoculants. The control treatments were water and 2% molasses. All treatments were replicated four times. A total of 300 mL/pot Liquid inoculant of MHB have been inoculated a three day before transplanting the maize seedling to the zeolite inoculated with Glomus spp. in the pot. One month after MHB inoculation, Glomus formulation in the zeolite with different levels of MHB increased the degree of infection. Spore content in zeolite three months after inoculation was increased following MHB inoculation. Moreover, at the end of the experiment, the density of P. diminuta and B. subtilis in zeolite-based mycorrhizal inoculant increased by MHB inoculation. Liquid inoculant MHB contained 108 cfu/mL to enhance spora number fourth times compared to the control. This experiment suggests that P. diminuta and B. subtilis were effective to increase spore density of AMF inoculant.
Keywords: Glomus, Pseudomonas diminuta, Bacillus subtilis, spore, maize
40 [RKayu Manis-8]
Organic Matter and Mixed Biofertilizer For Plant Growth and Yield of Shallot Grown in Fertile Soil
Reginawanti Hindersah1,*, Marthin Kalay2
1Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinanagor Campus, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia 2Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Poka Campus, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Nowadays, the shallot is important for horticultural crops in Maluku include in Tual City. For ensuring the macronutrient level in soil and yield during shallot cultivation, fertilization composed of chemical, organic, and biofertilizer is needed. The field experiment's objective was to evaluate the effect of mixed biofertilizer integrated with organic matter on total nitrogen and available phosphorous in the soil and shallot yield grown in Vertisols of Tual. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four treatments of compost and chicken manure amendment with and without biofertilizer containing N-fixing bacteria and P-solubilizing. At the vegetative stage, consortia biofertilizer combined with either compost or chicken manure increased plant height and soil reaction but decreased the available phosphate (P) and didn't change nitrogen (N) total in soil. Chicken manure amendment combined with biofertilizer inoculation increased dry weight of shoots and tuber, even though it didn't significantly differ with other treatments.
Keywords: N-fixing bacteria, P-solubilizing microbes, shallot tuber, soil N and P level.
41 [RKayu Manis-9]
Drought Stress and KCl Effects on Contents of Soil Water and Organic Matter, Yield and Water Productivity of Sweet Corn on Inceptisols
N Nurlaeny1*, Y Machfud1, N Ratuliami1 and R M Putra2
1Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung - Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor 45363 phone: (+62) 227796316; Fax: (+62) 22 7796316 West Java – Indonesia 2Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung – Sumedang, Km. 21 Jatinangor 45363 phone: (+62) 227796316; Fax: (+62) 22 7796316 West Java – Indonesia
* E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This research was conducted to determine the effects of drought stress and KCl doses on growth, soil water content, soil organic matter, and sweet corn yield (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) cv. DR2017 on Inceptisols Jatinangor from January - June 2020 at the Controlled Culture Experiment Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was 4 percentage levels of soil water content (SWC) (w1 = 100% SWC, w2 = 80% SWC, w3 = 60% SWC, and w4 = 40% SWC). The second factor was the 3 dose levels of KCl fertilizer (k1 = 1×, k2 = 1¼× and k3 = 1½× recommended dose). Observations were carried out in two units, vegetative and generative growth stages. The results showed that the combination of 80% SWC with a 1½× recommended dose of KCl had a significant effect on plant growth components. In comparison, treatment of 100% SWC showed a significant effect on the yield components of sweet corn, and 60% SWC affected the content of soil organic matter (SOM) significantly.
Keywords: KCl, soil water content (SWC), soil organic matter (SOM), Zea mays saccharata Sturt.
42 [RKayu Manis-10]
Carrying Capacity and Environmental Capacity Analysis of Water Resources in Maluku Indonesia
Pieter J. Kunu*
Agriculture Faculty of Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Environmental Support and Capacity is the ability of the environment to support human life, other living creatures, and the balance between the two and the environment's ability to absorb substances, energy, and other components that enter or are incorporated into it. Research aiming to analyze the level of carrying capacity and environmental capacity of water resources in several areas in Maluku Province, Indonesia, has been carried out. The results showed that some water resources were already low carrying capacity due to limited availability, especially deep groundwater in Wamar Island, Aru Islands Regency, and the environmental capacity had exceeded Indonesia's quality standards, especially clean water resources in Southeast Maluku Regency. And Ambon City. The low water carrying capacity is due to the deep groundwater resources in Wamar Island originating from the island formation's geological processes and not from rainwater recharge. Meanwhile, freshwater's environmental capacity that has exceeded the quality standard is due to colly bacteria's presence. This condition shows the importance of water conservation by building infrastructure to harvest rainwater and surface runoff during the rainy season and efforts to enforce laws related to the maintenance of river boundaries and the communities' behavior around the water source.
Keywords: Carrying capacity, environmental capacity, water resources, quality, standards, water conservation, rainwater harvesting
43 [RKayu Manis-11]
Essential Oil Components of Forest Clove Variants from Ambon Island, Maluku
A S Mahulette1,*, J Riry1, H Kesaulya2, E Kembauw3, I J Lawalata1, A Y Wattimena1, M H Makaruku1, A Alfian4
1Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia 2Plant Breeding Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia 3Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia 4Faculty of Health Agriculture and Marine Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Forest clove is native to Maluku from the non-aromatic class. Forest cloves have several variants, including the accession group with a small morphological size in the population. So far, the complete information on essential components contained in this accession group is not studied. The research aims to determine the forest clove accession group's total essential oils with small morphological sizes originating from its distribution area on Ambon Island, Maluku. The analyses were performed on flowers, flower stalks, and leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis results identified 11 components in the flower section, 14 components on the flower stalk, and 13 components on the leaf. The main components analysis of the heat map profile revealed that the small morphological-sized forest clove accession groups' main components were germacrene-D, α-cubebene, eugenol, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, methyl eugenol.
Keywords: essential oil, GC-MS, Syzygium aromaticum, wild cloves
44 [RKayu Manis-12]
Institutional Characteristics of Supporting Potato Farming Enterprises in South Sulawesi
Rita Indrasti1,*, Jefny B. Markus Rawung 2, Sigid Handoko3, Neng Risris Sudolar4
1Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development, Indonesia. 2North Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesia. 3Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development, Indonesia 4Jakarta Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesia.
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Potatoes are commodities that have been prioritized for development because they are considered a source of carbohydrates, are highly nutritious, and have the potential for food diversification. In this case, the institutional activities of potato farmers must also support their agribusiness aspects. Data collection was carried out through FGD (Focus Group Discussion) with 25 respondents of potato farmer group members and secondary data using BPS South Sulawesi in Figures and other supporting data. The analysis was carried out descriptively. The survey was conducted in 2017 in South Sulawesi Province. Data were analyzed descriptively by using R/C for farming feasibility tests. The purpose of the study was to analyze the feasibility of potato farming and characterize farmer institutions.
Keywords: potato, characteristics, institutional, farming, South Sulawes
45 [RKayu Manis-13]
The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth of Several Varieties of Soybeans
Muhammad Rizwan1,*, Mahyuddin Dalimunthe1, Ibnu Alfi Pasaribu1, Halus Satriawan2
1Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Gedung Johor, Medan, Indonesia. 2Department Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Almuslim University, Bireuen, Aceh, Indonesia 24211
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, the Islamic University of North Sumatra, Gedung Johor Village, Medan Johor District, Medan City, and Sumatera Utara Province altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level and flat topography. This study aims to analyze three organic fertilizers' effect on the vegetative growth of several varieties of soybeans. This study used a factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors, namely organic fertilizers and varieties. The first factor is organic fertilizer from 3 levels, namely: K1 (1.5 kg of compost), K2 (1.5 kg of goat manure), and K3 (1.5 kg of chicken manure). The second factor is: soybean plant varieties consist of 4 levels, namely: V1 (Dena 1), V2 (Devon 1), V3 (Anjasmoro), and V4 (Derap 1). The parameters observed were plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, amount of chlorophyll, leaf area, and flowering age. Our research results are organic fertilizers have a significant effect and can increase the growth of soybean plants except for leaf area and flowering age. Types of varieties had a significant effect and were able to increase plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and flowering age, but had no significant effect on the parameters of the number of leaves and the amount of chlorophyll. Moreover, there isn't an interaction effect between the two treatments for all parameters.
Keywords: Soybean, compost, goat manure, chicken manure, vegetative growth.
46
ROOM 4 SAGU - ANIMAL SCIENCE, BIODIVERSITY, BIOLOGY
47 [RSagu-1]
The Evaluation of Protease Enzyme Effectiveness in Broiler Chicken Diet Containing Jack Bean Seed (Canavalia ensiformis) with Different Protein Level toward Internal Organ Size
Brahmadhita Pratama Mahardhika1,*, Muhammad Ridla1, Rita Mutia1, Danung Nur Adli2
1)Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor, Indonesia 2)Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study was conducted to evaluate the protease enzyme's use in broiler feed containing jack bean seed (Canavalia ensiformis) with the different protein levels towards the internal organs of broiler chicken starter. Bird samples used were 24 broilers of the male Lohmann strain taken from 120 chickens that had previously been reared since Day-old Chick (DOC). The study design used was a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with two factors treatment and three replications (each replication used two bird samples). The first factor was the level of protein (CP 22% and CP 19.5%), and the second factor was the use of enzymes (non- protease and protease). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance. The result showed that the use of low protein levels in broiler feed containing jack bean seed significantly (P <0.05) increased the percentage of pancreatic weights but could be improved using protease enzymes. Levels of protein treatment did not significantly affect the percentage of heart, liver, and bile weights. The use of protease enzymes significantly (P <0.05) decreased the percentage of pancreatic and bile weights but did not significantly affect the percentage of liver and heart weights. There was no interaction between differences in protein levels and the use of protease enzymes in broiler chicken feed containing jack bean seed (Canavalia ensiformis).
Keywords: Broiler, jack bean seed, level of protein, protease
48 [RSagu-2]
Effect of Dietary Palm Kernel Meal on Laying Hens
Prasetya RDD1, Rahmadani M2, Nahrowi3, Jayanegara A3,*
1Graduate Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. 2Bachelor Degree of Animal Science Faculty, IPB University Bogor 16680, Indonesia. 3Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Indonesia has the potential for a palm kernel meal, which has the largest production in the world. Palm kernel meal has been commonly used as an ingredient in ruminant and poultry feeds. However, the various studies conducted have produced very varied results. This article aimed to analyze various research data on the use of palm kernel meal in chicken feed. The data used were 38 data points from 11 journal articles. The use of palm kernel meal ranged from 0% to 70% in rations. The statistical model used is linear regression. The database was analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results showed that the use of palm kernel meal in laying hens reduced (P<0.1). Other parameters such as consumption, egg weight, mortality, eggshell thickness, and yolk color were not influenced by the palm kernel meal's dietary inclusion. In conclusion, a palm kernel meal cannot be given to poultry directly; it is necessary to process the ingredient to enhance its nutritional value.
49 [RSagu-3]
Breed Availability Analysis of Local Beef Cattle in Seram Utara Timur Seti District Maluku Tengah Regency
Jerry Fred Salamena, Rajab, Bercomien J. Papilaya, Riri Sarfan
Animal Science and Technology Laboratory, Animal Breeding Section Animal Science Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka, Ambon 97233
* E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study aimed to analyze the potential availability of breeds for beef cattle development in the Seram Utara Timur Seti District. The research method used was a desk study and survey method. Desk studies were conducted by utilizing relevant secondary data from various related agencies and relevant research results. Meanwhile, surveys and direct observations in the field were carried out in the Animal Husbandry Production Center (KSP) areas, namely Wailoping, Kobisonta, and Waitila Village. The variables observed included population structure and the potential availability of beef cattle. The results showed that the proportion of the beef cattle population for calves, youth, and adults was 23.18, 22.18, and 54.64%, respectively. The sex ratio of males to females in all age categories is still below the normal ratio of 1 male to 5. Total breed growth (net increase) was 70 tails per year from the total population of beef cattle in Seram Utara Timur Seti District (13,032 tails). The total growth of beef cattle is still less than 1% (around 130 heads) of the total population, so it is necessary to pay attention to developing the source area for beef cattle breeding in Seram Utara Timur Seti District.
Keywords: Population structure, sex ratio, breed availability, beef cattle.
50 [RSagu-4]
Effort to Reduce Ammonia Gas in the Broiler Chicken Excreta with The Addition of Probiotic as Substitute for Antibiotic Growth Promoter
Brahmadhita Pratama Mahardhika*, Rita Mutia, Muhammad Ridla
Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study has been carried out to evaluate the use of drinking water-soluble probiotics as an alternative to Zinc bacitracin Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) to reduce the concentration of ammonia excreta as a result of increased feed digestibility. The probiotic used contains 2.0 x 107 CFU mL-1 Lactobacillus sp, 1.6 × 107 CFU mL-1 Bacillus sp, and 7.4 × 109 CFU mL-1 Streptomyces sp. The excreta sample was obtained from 15 male Lohmann strain broiler chickens aged 35 days from a total population of 300 chickens that had previously been reared since Day Old Chick. The chickens were distributed into three treatments and five replications in a metabolic cage with 50 cm × 30 cm × 56 cm for three days. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The probiotics' addition significantly reduced (P <0.01) water content and ammonia concentration of broiler chicken excreta. The addition of drinking water-soluble probiotics significantly increased (P <0.01) the feed intake and feed digestibility of broiler chicken. The use of probiotics was better than Zinc bacitracin in reducing excreta ammonia concentration and feed digestibility.
Keywords: Ammonia, broiler, feed digestibility, probiotic, Zinc bacitracin
51 [RSagu-5]
The Effect of Corn Substitution with Re-Binding Banana Hump Flour in Feed on The Deposition Percentage of Breast Meat, Leg Color, And Feather Weight of Hybrid Duck
O. Sjofjan, M.H Natsir, F. Yuli, R H Syahputra
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study aimed to determine the deposition percentage of breast meat, leg color, and hybrid ducks' featherweight. The research material was 100 hybrid ducks regardless of sex (age 21 days) Peking x Khaki Campbell strain with an average body weight of 421.31+ 183.90 g with a variability coefficient of 44%. The method used was a field experiment using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and four replications. Each replication of 5 hybrid ducks. The treatments used were P0: 20% corn, P1: 15% corn + 5% Banana Hump Flour re- binding, P2: 10% corn + 10% Banana Hump Flour re-binding, P3: 5% corn + 15% Banana Hump Flour re-binding, P4 : 20% Banana Hump Flour re-binding. Variables include deposition percentage of breast meat, leg color, and weight of hybrid ducks. Data were analyzed statistically using covariant analysis. If the data results differ significantly between treatments, then proceed with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that banana hump flour had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the percentage of breast meat deposition and featherweight, but had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the color of the legs. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the use of re-binding banana hump flour as a substitute for corn up to 20% in feed gives positive results on the percentage of breast meat deposition and the weight of hybrid duck feathers.
Keywords: Banana hump re-binding, deposition of breast meat, leg color, featherweight, hybrid duck
52 [RSagu-6]
Ethoveterinary Remedies for Myiasis Therapy in Livestock at Moa Island, Maluku
A.D. Tagueha1,*, I.P. Siwa2, D.F. Souhoka1, F. Parera2
1Animal Health Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia 2Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Myiasis, invasion of dipterous fly’s larvae in viable or necrotic tissues, is a zoonosis found in tropical countries and causes economic losses. Farmers and shepherds in Moa island rely on traditional methods to manage livestock health issues based on their indigenous knowledge. A study was conducted to document the ethnoveterinary remedies for myiasis therapy. The data collected twice in September 2017 and May 2018 with semi-structural interviews, observation, and focus group discussions. The 69 informants, i.e., farmers, shepherds, senior inhabitants, were interview from four villages in total regarding the ethnoveterinary uses of medicinal plants and non-plants. A total of 13 plant species and six non-plants were recorded as myiasis therapy. The top three frequent species were Nicotiana tabacum L., Musa paradisiaca, and Coleus amboinicus Lour 1followed by Ficus sp, Moringa oleifera, Aloe vera, Citrullus lanatus, Chromolaena odorata, Cocos nucifera, Cucurbita moschata Durch, Piper sp, Piper caducibracteum, dan Zingiber officinale. Pulveration was a standard method of plant extraction. The nonplants remedies were kerosene, gasoline, batteries, used oil, and human urine—all remedies used for topical application. Further study to validate adequate preparation and formulation of the dosage form plant species was highly recommended.
53 [RSagu-7]
Level of E. coli Contamination of Broiler Chicken Meat in Ambon City Market
Isye J. Liur1,*, Marcus Veerman2
Animal Science and Technology Laboratory, Livestock Products Technology, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka, Ambon 97233
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Chicken meat is a source of animal protein that is very popular with all people, especially in Indonesia. The meat also contains nutrients that are good for the body. However, broiler meat also has a weakness because it is a food that is easily damaged; most of the damage is caused by poor handling, thus providing opportunities for growth microbes. Broiler meat is easily contaminated by various microorganisms that are in the environment. This study aimed to determine the level of microbial contamination in broiler chicken meat in Ambon city market. The study used a random sampling technique and used 12 samples from the market in Ambon city. Data were described descriptively. The result showed that E. coli was not more than the standard. The microbial contamination of broiler chicken meat markets in Ambon city was not more than benchmarks published by the National Standardization Agency (NSA, 2009). Thus, broiler meat is safe for consumption.
Keywords: Broiler meat, E.coli, markets.
54 [RSagu-8]
Effect of Urea in Steamed Sago Waste on Rumen Fermentation Parameters In Vitro Tested
Nafly Comilo Tiven1,*, Tienni Mariana Simanjorang2
1Departmen of Animal Husbandry, Agriculture Faculty, University of Pattimura Jln. Ir. M. Putuhena Kampus Unpatti-Poka, Ambon - Indonesia. 2Postgraduate Agriculture Faculty, University of Gadjah Mada. Jln. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta - Indonesia.
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study aims to determine urea's effect in steamed sago waste on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro testing. Sago waste was dried for two days, discarded fiber sticks, steamed for 30 minutes, cooled, and dried. We weighed 250 g of steamed sago waste, added urea with levels of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Weighed 0.5 g of samples per treatment, inserted in fermentor tubes, added 10 ml buffer and 10 ml of rumen fluid (1:1). Fermentor tubes are inserted in a water bath o with a 39 C, flowed with CO2 gas, and covered with a valved rubber cover. For NH3 and VFA testing, incubation was carried out for 4 hours, while for KcBK and KcBO testing, incubation was carried out for 48 hours. The data obtained were analyzed using a completely random design with four urea level treatments (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%), with five replications. The results showed an increase of urea level up to 6%, increasing (P<0.01) NH3. The increase of urea level 2%, increasing (P<0.01) VFA, KcBK, and KcBO. The increase of urea levels 4% and 6% did not significantly affect KcBK and KcBO, while at urea level 6%, decreasing (P<0.01) VFA. It can be concluded that urea was added in steamed sago waste, which has an optimal effect on the rumen fermentation parameters at level 2-4%.
Keywords: Urea, steamed sago waste, fermentation parameters
55 [RSagu-9]
Performance of Native Chicken Fed on Ration Containing Fermented Sago Waste
T N Ralahalu, CH C E Latupeirissa, S CH H Hehanussa, S. Fredriksz
Animal Science Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka – Ambon 97233
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The use of fermented sago waste (9 days incubation time) in the ration of native chicken is studied. 100 chicks of 7 days old native chicken were used. The experiment is being conducted in a completely randomized design in which the animals were devided into four treatments of ration. Each treatment was replicated five times. The experimental rations are : R0 (0% fermented sago waste), R1 (5% fermented sago waste), R2 (10% fermented sago waste) and R3 (15% fermented sago waste). Parameters measured were feed intake, feed conversion, body weight gain and carcass percentage. It appeared from this experiment that feed intake were similar between birds. In grower birds, the use of fermented sago waste in the rations had no significant effect on feed intake. In both, starter and grower birds body weigh gain were higher for birds consuming control ration than for those consuming ration with fermented sago waste. The use of 5 up to 15 percent fermented sago waste in the rations has significant effect on feed conversion and carcass percentage in both, starter and grower birds.
Keywords: sago waste, fermentation, aspergillus niger, native chicken
56 [RSagu-10]
Estimation Rumen Degradable Protein of Local Feeds in Dairy Cattle Using in Sacco Method
Annisa Rosmalia1, I.G. Permana2,*, Despal2, R. Zahera2
1Study Program Nutrition and Feed Science, Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Dairy cattle in Indonesia are commonly fed concentrate of local feed as a protein source. There was a lack of nutrition information on local feeds protein in dairy cattle, especially to determine protein fraction. In sacco is one method to evaluate protein fraction of feed into rumen degradable protein (RDP) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP). This study's objective was to determine rumen degradable protein (RDP) of local feeds in dairy cattle using in sacco method. The selected local feeds are copra meal, palm kernel meal, coffee husk, tofu waste, soy-sauce waste, brewer waste, and habbatussauda waste. Two ruminal fistulated male Frisian Holstein were used and fed twice daily with Napier grass and concentrated mixed at a ratio of 60:40 (DM basis) ratio. Rumen degradable protein was determined using in sacco method (NRC 2001). Nylon bag with 50-micron porosity contains 5 g of each selected local feeds were placed in triplicate in the rumen for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, and 48 h. After incubation, each time incubation residual was analyzed on a crude protein (CP) then calculated the estimated kinetic parameters with the exponential equation of Ørskov and McDonald (1979). The effective degradability (ED) of CP and rumen degradable protein (RDP) were calculated. The parameters were evaluated with analysis of variance using SAS University software. The result showed that the ruminal degradation on CP of habbatussauda waste was higher than other local feeds. Tofu waste and habbatussauda waste had high potential rapid degradation of CP following by brewer waste, palm kernel waste, soy-sauce waste, copra meal, and coffee husk. The ED value of habbatussauda waste had a higher value, and coffee husk had a lower value. Estimation of rumen degradable protein of local feeds is various. Habbatussauda waste had higher RDP than other local feeds, followed by brewer waste, tofu waste, copra meal, palm kernel meal, soy-sauce waste, and coffee husk. There was a positive correlation between RDP and crude protein content, then a negative correlation between RDP and crude fiber. It is concluded that local feeds have various quality feed protein characteristics, which showed by rumen degradable protein and rumen degradable protein.
Keywords: dairy cattle; local feed; in sacco; rumen degradable protein; rumen undegradable protein
57 [RSagu-11]
Utilization of Alternative Feed as a Combination Feed for Growth of Catfish (Clarias sp.)
R C Mukti*, M Amin, Yulisman
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Palembang- Prabumulih KM 32, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The feed is one of the important elements in fish farming activities that can support growth and survival. One way to reduce commercial feed in catfish farming is by using alternative feed as a combination feed. This study aims to determine the effect of using alternative ingredients as a combination feed on catfish growth. The study was designed with an experimental method in the form of a completely randomized design. The treatment that will be used is a combination of commercial feed with alternative feed as many as five treatments with three replications that is P0 (commercial feed 100%), P1 (commercial feed 75% and alternative feed 25%, P2 (commercial feed 50% and alternative feed 50%), P3 (commercial feed 25% and alternative feed 75%, and P4 (alternative feed 100%). The results showed that the P1 treatment produced the best growth.
58 [RSagu-12]
Introduction to A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses in Indonesia Nutrition Poultry: Case Study in Probiotic
Danung Nur Adli1,3,*, Osfar Sjofjan1, Anuraga Jayanegara2,3, Brahmadhita Pratama Mahardika2
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia. 2Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 3Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The review conducted to Introduction to a systematic review and meta-analysis in Indonesia nutrition poultry: a case study in feed additive. A review of the table showed the origin phase research and introduction in Indonesia (representatives for animal sciences), meta-analyses, and probiotics. The result showed the first-generation origin of probiotic started in Indonesia. The oldest one was from Osfar Sjofjan and I Putu Kompiang (2003) with A and B concept for probiotics and Anuraga Jayanegara with meta-analyses. Meta-analyses origin with the author from Indonesia on animal science were started with title Influence of dietary tannin levels on methane production from ruminant livestock: a meta-analysis (Anuraga Jayanegara, 2010). To sum up, the idea helps to increase industry revolution 4.0 was adaptable and applied.
Keywords: animal sciences, meta-analyses, origin, probiotic
59 [RSagu-13]
Indigenous Practice of Smallholder Farmers in Kisar Island Applying Buffalo Dung Ash to Preserve Corn Seed
Heryanus Jesajas1,*, Esther Kembauw2, Michel J. Matatula1, Astri D. Tagueha1, Isye J. Liur1
1Farm Department of Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University, Indonesia. 2Social Economics Department of Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University, Indonesia.
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Corn is an important staple food for households in Kisar Island. The corn farmers in Kisar Island depend heavily on their indigenous knowledge and practice to maintain corn and seed production and to hinder from food insecurity in the island. This article is written reflecting on a participatory action research project on incorporating IK into agricultural development, using farmers in Kisar Island as a study case in order to understand rationality, validity and relevance of the folk ways of using buffalo dung ash to grains (corn and green bean) preservation to sustain food production in the small island. Data were gathered using participative observations, photo- voice technique, in-depth interviews and other PRA techniques. Data were transcribed and analyzed descriptively using content analysis. The study showed that apart from its weaknesses, the farmers have their rationality and such knowledge is valid and relevant to the practices in agriculture science. In relation to the current shrinking of the knowledge and practice, efforts are required to build self-esteem and improve the knowledge of the farmers by blending their indigenous knowledge with agricultural science and then incorporating the hybrid practice into agricultural extension. By doing this, local seed production and food production may sustain.
Keywords: Buffalo Dung Ash, corn seed preservation, food security, small island
60
ROOM 5 SALAK SOYA - FOREST AND MANAGEMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE, FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
61 [RSalak Soya-1]
Green Economic Based Low-Carbon Development on Small Islands
Agustinus Kastanya, Christy Suhendy, Debby Pattimahu, Iskar
Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Ambon 97233
*E-mail:
Abstract. Global warming and climate change have an impact on people, biodiversity, and the planet. This is happening all over the world as a result of the exploitative world economy. An economy that does not take into account the degradation of natural resources and the environment. Damage to terrestrial ecosystems in small island areas directly impacts the destruction of marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, seagrass, and another biodiversity. The most devastating impact at this time is the emergence of the "Covid-19 Pandemic", which teaches a lesson that so far, humans have adopted an individualistic way of life that ignores the fate of their environment. This analysis is carried out through a literature review of the research results and scientific discussions developed so far. The study results show that if the economy continues to run as it is now, the Earth will continue to create crisis after crisis, such as floods, extreme weather, rising sea levels, failure of food supplies, and more viruses. Changes in paradigm and human behavior are needed, especially the government and the main actors of development supported by the wider community. This is not young because the concept of sustainability has been developed for a long time from the meeting in Rio in 1992. and later in the World meeting which resulted in various conventions, but it is still difficult to implement, even though science and the results of innovation have developed far and urged changes such as ecological-economy, environmental economics, or what is currently being packaged in the “Green Economy Model” which is already covered by controlling global warming and climate change. The transformation from an Exploitative Economy to a Green Economy has developed in the concept of Low Carbon Development, Build Beck Beter due to Covid-19 which is part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), needs to be packaged in an integrated manner as a concept for sustainable Small Islands development, and provide prosperity to the community.
62 [RSalak Soya-2]
Correlation of Normalized Difference Water Index and Baseflow Index in Small Island Watershed Landscapes
Bokiraiya Latuamury*, Moda Talaohu, F. Sahusilawane, Wilma N. Imlabla
Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Ambon 97233
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) is an algorithm used for the detection of water bodies. Water bodies can strongly absorb visible and infrared wavelengths of light. An NDWI value greater than zero represents a water body's surface, and if the NDWI value is smaller or equal, it means a non-water character. The water index method has advantages in terms of ease of use and short treatment times for specific purposes. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the NDWI water index and the BFLOW base flow index in the small island landscape of Ambon City. The method used is the processing of Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat 8 OLI images using ENVI 5.3 software and the BFI + 3.0 digital recursive filtering method (RDF). The results showed a strong correlation between the NDWI water index and the baseline flow index (BFI) for the small island watershed of Ambon city.
Keywords: Water Index, NDWI, Baseflow index, small island landscape
63 [RSalak Soya-3]
The Contribution of Agrosilvopastura Pattern to Enhancing Sustainable Community Economy (Study in Namaa Sub- District, Pelauw District, Haruku Island)
M. Sahureka*, M. Hadijah, H. Marasabessy
Forestry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University, Ambon, 97232
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The agrosilvopasture management pattern can provide multiple benefits to integrating the agriculture sector with the interrelated forestry and livestock sectors. Research on the agrosilvopastura pattern's contribution in Namaa sub-village, Pelauw Village aims 1) Knowing the respondent’s characteristics in Agrosilvopastura management, 2) The contribution of the agrosivopasture pattern to improve the community's economy. This research was conducted using a purposive sampling method, representing the 20 households of farmers. Primary and secondary data were taken by observation and interviews related to respondents' income and the agrosilvopasture pattern. The data obtained were analyzed with a quantitative approach and qualitative descriptions. The results show that the respondents’ characteristics were the factors that influenced the agrosilvopasture management, which is the level of education, age level, number of family members, land area, and land ownership status. In contrast, the contribution of agrosilvopasture to respondents was 274,882,000/year.
Keywords: Agrosilvopasture, economic contribution
64 [RSalak Soya-4]
Sustainable Development Strategy for Agroforestry
Idin Saepudin Ruhimat*, Ary Widiyanto
Agroforestry Technology Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Environment, and Forestry. Jalan Raya Ciamis- Banjar KM 4, Ciamis
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Agroforestry is a form of multi-strata land use that combines tree crops, annual crops, and livestock/fisheries activities on one land stretch (Olivi, Qurniati & Firdasari, 2015; Harun, 2011). Profits derived from the agroforestry system have encouraged various regions in Indonesia to develop agroforestry farming systems to optimize land use (Rohadi et al., 2013). This research aims to determine the status of sustainability, key factors that influence, and the strategy of developing sustainable agroforestry farming. The study was conducted from January to December 2016 in the Sodonghilir sub-district, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province. Data is analyzed using Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (MDS), Sensitivity analysis (leverage analysis), Prospective analysis, and Analysis of Hierarchy Process Analysis (HPA). The results showed that some of the ecological, economic, and social problems would potentially reduce agroforestry farming's sustainability. The sustainability of agroforestry farming in the Sodonghilir sub-district is less sustainable, both in general and in each sustainability dimension (ecological, social, and economic). The conclusions that can be obtained from the study are (1) six key factors are determining the success of sustainable agroforestry business development, namely farmers 'knowledge in soil and water conservation, farmer group performance, availability of agroforestry technology packages, farmers' knowledge in farming activities, plant disease pest attack rates and sources of farming capital. Therefore, the six key factors must be managed and accommodated in the policy of developing sustainable agroforestry farming in Sodonghilir sub-district; and (2) increasing farmer capacity and strengthening farmer group institutions are priority strategies that can be implemented by relevant stakeholders such as government, private, and community in conducting sustainable agroforestry farming development programs in the Sodonghilir sub- district. Local government and Central Government (Ministry of Environment Living Forestry and the Ministry of Agriculture) are advised to prioritize programs to increase farmers' capacity (technical, managerial, and social capacity) and institutional strengthening of farmer groups in developing agroforestry farming in Sodonghilir sub-district, Tasikmalaya Regency.
Keywords: Development strategies, sustainable agroforestry, multidimensional analysis
65 [RSalak Soya-5]
Species of Pandan (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency
Anjela Sahupala*, Troice E. Siahaya, Billy B. Seipala
Department of Forestry Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the species of Pandanus (Pandanus sp.) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency. The object used in this study was the external body structure of pandanus plants such as fruit, flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. This research was conducted directly by direct survey in the field and observing the pandanus species. This research includes observations on fruit, flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. The study results found six pandan species: Pandan Duri, Pandan Mengkuwang, Pandan Kowang, Pandan Sepajam, Pandan Wangi dan Pandan Laut. We can distinguish these six species from the leaves' shape, stem shapes, fruit shapes, and root shapes.
Keywords: Species, Pandan (Pandanus sp)
66 [RSalak Soya-6]
Phalanger In Situ Conservation Strategy in Wakasiu Forest, West Leihitu District, Central Maluku District
Yosevita Th. Latupapua*, Febian F. Tetelay, Fanny Soselisa
Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon 97233
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Kuskus, a marsupial species belonging to the Phalangeridae family vulnerable in the IUCN Redlist, is one of the endemic animals whose survival is currently very concerning due to habitat destruction poaching conservation activities need to be carried out immediately. This study aims to identify the habitat, type of feed, and in situ conservation strategies in the Wakasiu forest, Leihitu Barat sub-district, Central Maluku district. This research was conducted in October 2020. Habitat characteristics were identified using vegetation analysis, forage types were identified using direct and indirect observations, and in-situ conservation strategies using SWOT analysis. The highest index of importance at the tree level in the line of observation is the type of gayam (Inocarpus fagifer) (20.19%), at the level of weaning is the langsat species (70.32%), the level of the pole type of brown (69.27%). The diversity level of plant species is high, and the level of evenness of plant species is even. There are 24 types of plants recorded as the potential for special feed. The in-situ conservation strategy that is carried out is planting the type of feed preferred by the specialists to provide a stable feed availability during the successive fruiting period. Apart from that, hunting for specialties is through written regulations and the imposition of sanctions.
Keywords: habitat, feed, in-situ conservation, Wakasiu Village
67 [RSalak Soya-7]
Study of Changes in Carbon Stock in Primary and Secondary Forest in Soya Village Protection Forest, Ambon City
Ludia Siahaya*, Lily Pelupessy, Yulianus D. Komul
Forestry Department of Agriculture Faculty Pattimura University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study aimed to determine changes in litter biomass and the effect of changes in litter biomass on changes in carbon stock in Permanent Sample Plots of primary and secondary forest in the Soya village Protection Forest, Ambon City, for three years of measurement. This study used a sampling method with harvesting/collection and using laboratory analysis, where the working procedure used the SNI: 7724 guidelines. The data taken include the moisture content of litter, total wet weight, dry weight of the sample, and the sample's wet weight to calculate the content of biomass or organic matter (BO) and carbon content of litter organic matter. The results showed that the average value of water content in both primary and secondary forests decreased, where in the first year it was higher than the second year, and the third year was lower than the second year. The content of litter biomass in primary forest decreased from year to year for three years of measurement, and this led to a decrease in the carbon content in primary forest, while the biomass content in secondary forest increased from year to year and resulted in an increase in carbon content from year to year for three years of measurement.
68 [RSalak Soya-8]
The Diversity of Bird Species Based on The Altitude of The Protection Forest Area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village - Ambon City
C. K. Pattinasarany, L. Latupapua, A. Sanduan
Abstract. This study aims to discover the diversity of bird species based on the altitude of the area and discover the impact of vegetation as habitat towards bird species' diversity in a protected forest area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village in Ambon City. The method used to discover birds' diversity was the IPA-method (Indices Ponctuels d’Abondance). While observing the vegetation, I used the CSS-method (Continous Strip Sampling) alongside the observation paths. The protection forest consists of three areas of different altitudes, namely 300 meters above sea level (masl), 400 masl, and 500 masl. The bird species found in the protected forest area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village were 16 species. The forest area at 300 masl was found 14 bird species with diversity index (H’) of 2.57, the forest area at 400 masl was found 12 bird species with diversity index (H’) of 2.42. In comparison, the forest area at 500 masl was found 11 bird species with a diversity index (H’) of 2.10. There were eight bird species found in every area of three different altitudes that were dominant such as Perling Ungu (Aplonis motalica), Walet Sapi (Collocalia esculenta), Perkicit Pelangi (Trichoglossus haematodus), Pergam Laut (Ducula bicolor), Sesap Madu Sriganti (Nectarinia jugularis), Srigunting Lencana (Dicrucus bracteatus), Nuri Pipi Merah (Geoffreyus geoffreyi) and Tekukur Biasa (Streptopelia hinensis). Meanwhile, the dominant types of vegetation found in the area were Damar (Agathis sp.), Kayu Merah (Eugenia jambolana), and Meranti (Shorea sp.) The regression analysis results between bird species diversity and vegetation types' diversity show that the forest area at 300 masl obtained a positive correlation.
Keywords: diversity of bird species, protection forest, altitude, vegetation
69 [RSalak Soya-9]
The Impact of Climate Change on The Resin Productivity of Agathis Tree (Agathis alba) in Inamosol Subdistrict, West Seram Regency, Maluku-Indonesia
Johan M. Matinahoru
Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University Ambon, Maluku-Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This research aimed to determine the impact of climate change on the resin productivity of agathis tree. This research will be useful as data and information for farmers and government to maintain the agathis tree's resin to be optimal and sustainable in production. This research was conducted in Inamosol District, West Seram Regency, Maluku Indonesia, during September- October 2020. Village and farmer samples were determined by purposive sampling technique. The selected villages were Honitetu, Hukuanakota, and Rambatu. Furthermore, from each village, It was ten farmers to select for interviews and filling the questionnaire. The results showed that the average resin production of farmers in 2019 was 904.2 kg/farmer, while in 2020 was 523.7 kg/farmer. This means a decline in resin production in 2020, about 42.08 % for each farmer. The leading cause of the decreased production is climate change factors, namely rainfall, temperature, and humidity. The West Seram Regency's climate data in 2019 indicated that rain occurred during six months with temperature ranged from 26-30 oC and relative humidity from 76-80 %. Meanwhile, in 2020 the rainfall occurs for nine months with temperature ranged from 23-27 oC, and a relative humidity ranged of 80-85 %.
Keywords: Agathis alba, climate change, resin productivity, and impact.
70 [RSalak Soya-10]
Collaborative and Sustainable Management Strategy of The Wallacea Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) In Kasa Island
Debby Vemiancy Pattimahu*, Agustinus Kastanya
Pattimura University, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Kasa island, with an area of 52.80 Ha, was declared a KBA in the Wallacea region with the start of wildlife sanctuary and Ocean Tourist Reserve because of its particular biodiversity and its service to the environment. This research aimed to determine the social and biophysical potential and the threats to the region and explore collaborative and sustainable management. The methods used included survey, spatial analysis of the vegetation, and Focus Discussion Groups (FDG). The results showed a variety index level of 1.37%. The dominant tree species were belo hitam, kayu besi, salamuli daun besar, and kayu besi pantai. The belo hitam species had the highest INP. The wildlife sanctuary is the habitat of the Gosong Maluku bird (Eulipoa and Megapodis), an endemic species called Euliopa wallacei. Aside from these, there are also about five kinds of reptiles, particularly the monitor lizard, which feeds on the gosong bird and its eggs. The coastline with its white sand and the natural ocean is a tourist attraction with development potential. The strategy that needs to be developed is by using strengths to take advantage of opportunities to overcome weaknesses and threats. The strategies developed are as follows: Collaborative Management; Strengthening the Capacity of Local Community and Formulation of regional policy regarding Kasa Island management.
71 [RSalak Soya-11]
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement-bonded Particleboard Made from Waste of Papers
R S Maail*, J.J. Fransz, J. Titarsole
Laboratory of Wood Technology and Wood Working, Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Ambon, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The study was designed to evaluate and clarify the possible utilization of waste papers as an alternative raw material in the manufacture of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) and determine its physical and mechanical properties. The production variables investigated were three waste paper types (A4 paper sheets, newspaper, and cardboard), three presentations of CaCl2 as chemical accelerators (2%, 4%, 6%), and three cement-paper waste-water ratios (2.0:1:1, 2.5:1:1,25, and 3:1:1,5). The result showed that the ratio of cement- paper waste-water and the type of waste of papers had influenced CBP's physical and mechanical properties. The board made from cardboard with the ratio of cement-paper waste-water (2.5:1:1.25) and catalyst CaCl2 6% fulfilled all the test parameters of JIS A 5417 1992 and contributed to the highest physical and mechanical properties values.
72 [RSalak Soya-12]
Income Adaption of Farmers as long Covid-19 Pandemic on Sustainable UB Forest Management: A Case from Indonesia
A Kustanti
Socio-Economic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
* E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract. University of Brawijaya (UB) got a management right of State Forest Management (Ministry of Forestry and Live Environment/MLEF Indonesia). Preliminary, this forest was managed by State Company Forest, namely Perum Perhutani. In 2015, this forest was transferred to the University of Brawijaya by MLEF Indonesia for Education and Training Centre. The legal aspect for this was based on the Decision Letter of MLEF Number 676/MenLHK-Setjen/2015 that UB Forest as Specify Purpose Forest Area (SPFA) with wide 514 hectares. This forest's function consists of two, i.e., Production Forest (471.28 ha) and Protected Forest (42.72 ha). Land use of this land by the agroforestry system, i.e., mixed planted the woody and agricultural plantation. The agricultural plantation was conducted by 824 farmers involved in UB Forest Management. There are 16 fields of farmer's land use in the 514 ha area. After the forest transfer to the UB Forest, there was no clear how farmers right adjusted UB's vision and mission. This research wants to analyze how the income adaption farmer has long Covid 19, right, and obligation as a shape of participation and UB Forest management with a qualitative approach. Selected respondents were in-depth interviews. The analysis method used Institutional Analysis Design/IAD (Ostrom, 1999) and Bundles of Right (Ostrom, 1990). Farmer's adaption as long Covid-19 on forest management at UB Forest based on bundles of rights as a Claimant. It means that farmers had two right as below: 1) access and withdrawal right (enter the land, cultivate agriculture land, land conservation, harvest the agricultural yield, watch the forest fire along with UB Forest Team, implementation innovation of UB civitas academica, maintain the tree in UB Forest area, including in Education and research of UB); and 2) management right on an agricultural plantation under the tree (a decision the species of agricultural plant, manage the plant, and arrange the cycle of the plantation itself). The income of farmers as long as Covid-19 was declined 39 % compared to the normal condition.
Keywords: Income, adaption, Covid 19, agroforestry, management right
73 [RSalak Soya-13]
The Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation and COVID-19 on The Rice Price Dynamics in Indonesia: The Vector Error Correction Model Approach
P Hasudungan1,*, I Irham1,2, A W Utami1
1Department of Agricultural SocioEconomics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, 55281, Indonesia 2Center of Asia-Pacific Study (PSAP), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, 55281, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Half of the world’s population makes rice a crop of focus because it has many future opportunities. However, there are disruptors for rice development in 2020, which are climate variability and COVID-19 Pandemics. El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate event that can threaten Indonesia's rice agro system both short-run and long-run. ENSO may fluctuate the rice price dynamics. Besides that, COVID-19 is a problem faced by almost all countries globally, including Indonesia, which has implications for rice price dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to empirically study the impact of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation on rice price dynamics in Indonesia. The study utilized the vector error correction model (VECM) estimation method. The variables used were sea surface temperature (SST), COVID-19 daily cases, rice price, world rice price, rice procurement, exchange rate, and gross domestic product from January 2000 until December 2015. The result is a positive ENSO shock—El Nino—has a positive effect on rice prices, increasing the price level. The opposite is true also for a La Nina shock. For the COVID- 19 model, rice prices will be increased when the shock of daily cases is rising. This study's results ought to be of interest to rice producers in Indonesia and processors and intermediaries in the rice markets.
74 [RSalak Soya-14]
The Feasibility of Environmentally Friendly and Conventional Shallot Farming in Bantul Regency
Diah Rina Kamardiani*, Muhammad Fauzan, Krisman Septa Riansyah
Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study analyzes the differences in costs, benefits, and feasibility of environmentally friendly and conventional shallot farming in Bantul Regency. Data were taken from 128 farmers by cluster sampling and analyzed quantitatively using profit analysis and R/C ratio. The results showed that the total production cost of environmentally friendly shallot farming was 9.1 % higher than conventional shallot farming, but traditional farming of shallot had a higher profit of 41.3%. Both environmentally friendly and conventional farming is feasible, but the R/C ratio of traditional farming of shallot is higher by 0.7.
75 [RSalak Soya-15]
Diversification of Clove Processing as A Source of Income Increase in Enterprises in The City of Ambon
Esther Kembauw1,*, Maisie. T. F. Tuhumury1, Asri. S. Mahulette2, Anrey. P. Kakisina3, M Chairul Basrun Umanailo4
1Department Social Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, University Pattimura Ambon Indonesia 2Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University Pattimura Ambon Indonesia 3Communitty Training Center Ambon Indonesia 4University of Iqra Buru Namlea, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Indonesia is a very fertile archipelago country where most of the population lives in the agricultural sector. This study aims to determine the factors that support the diversification of clove processing on Ambon's income. The method used was purposive sampling. The results showed that the diversification of clove processing gave a large enough contribution to income. Still, the percentage contribution of processing diversification was not visible because the income outside of processing was relatively large. The results showed that the greater the number of species produced, the greater the capital. Based on the analysis, it is known that the level of raw materials available to entrepreneurs to support diversification activities.
Keywords: Diversification, processing, cloves, income
76 [RSalak Soya-16]
Implementation of Tenurial Rights of Indigenous People's Land in the United Area of Protected Forest Management of Ambon City
Marthina Tjoa*, Iskar, Sukmawati Ahmad
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka Ambon
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Tenure rights over land in customary communities are determined based on the customary system that applies in an organization. Meanwhile, land as the object of implementation of tenure rights for indigenous peoples is located in forest areas designated as Protected Forest Management Units (KPHL). This study aims to identify indigenous peoples' tenure rights in the Protected Forest Management Unit (KPHL) area. The method used in this research is a case study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected by conducting structured and open interviews using questionnaires and field observations. The results showed that there were several tenure rights of indigenous peoples within the KPHL management area. These rights include ownership rights, cultivation rights, preferential rights, exclusive suffrage, and use rights. These categories include the system of land tenure by the state and tenure by individual clans. The implementation of these rights affects the management of protected forests based on community participation.
Keywords: KPHL, tenure rights, indigenous peoples
77
ROOM 6 GANDARIA - SOCIAL ECONOMIC
78 [RGandaria-1]
An Understanding the Social Networking of Pepper Farmers in Bangka Selatan, Indonesia
Novyandra Ilham Bahtera1,*, Eddy Jajang Jaya Atmaja1, Laila Hayati2
1Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka, Indonesia 2Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Currently, the local government has put extra effort into the pepper as the eminent commodity in Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The concern of the government is emphasized on how to uplift the welfare of the farmer. However, the efforts have not met the expectancy as society remains in an unfavorable situation. An understanding of social networking among the farmers and the stakeholders is vital to be analyzed to scrutinize the communication pattern amongst them. The quantitative data using purposive sampling was employed as the data collection technique. The UCINET software was applied as the analytic technology by showing the sociogram. The finding was expected to be used by policymakers to determine the best extension program in the future to improve their living conditions.
Keywords: Pepper farmer, social networking, uplift welfare
79 [RGandaria-2]
Price and Income Elasticities on Chicken Meat Demand in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
N Khoiriyah1, A A Sa’diyah2, Y Azis3, D R Nendissa4
1Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Islam Malang, Malang, Indonesia 2Deparment of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, Malang, Indonesia 3Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nusa Cendana Kupang, Indonesia 4Department of Socio-Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Protein deficiency has a permanent and long-term effect: a decrease in intelligence, abnormal growth, and stunting. This study aims to analyze the impact of price, income, and demographic factors on chicken meat demand, using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System approach. The research data used the 2016 Susenas data of 3,000 households. The results showed an increase in chicken meat and all animal food prices by one percent decreased demand for eggs, chicken meat, beef, fresh fish, and milk powder, respectively, by 0.834%, 2,314%, 2.264%, 1.648%, and 1.505%. The most elastic chicken meat was followed by beef, milk powder, fresh fish, and eggs with income elasticities of 1.977%, 1.950%, 1,717%, 1.305%, and 0.550%, respectively. All animal foods are luxury items, except eggs are normal goods. In urban areas, beef, fresh fish, and milk powder are complementary, whereas all animal foods are substitutes in rural areas. Moreover, the impacts of sociodemographic factors on demand for animal products were found to be very low. To increase protein consumption, the Gorontalo government needs to maintain animal food prices, especially chicken meat. Price policies are more effective than income policies both in urban and rural areas.
Keywords: food demand system, food price, protein, Gorontalo-Indonesia.
80 [RGandaria-3]
Factors Affecting the Capacity of Farmers in Managing Rice Field Farming in Tangerang Regency
Khaerul Saleh1,*, Suherman2
1Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University 2PUI-PT Food Resilience (Local Food Innovation) Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstrak. The capacity of farmers in managing lowland rice farming is closely related to individual behavior in managing the farm. Farmers' capacity building programs have been carried out a lot. They are often carried out by the government related to lowland rice farming innovations and conveyed to farmers. Still, farmers have not provided an appropriate response to innovations in lowland rice farming management, especially in terms of strengthening farmer capacity. This study aims to: 1) determine the level of farmer capacity in managing lowland rice farming, and 2) to analyze the factors related to the level of capacity of lowland rice farmers. The research was conducted in the northern part of Tangerang Regency (Pantura) which is the center of rice production in the Tangerang Regency. The research was conducted from July to November 2020. Data was collected through FGD interviews and observations of 150 farmers. The data analysis used descriptive test and multiple regression. The results showed that the level of farmer capacity in managing lowland rice farming in Tangerang district was classified as moderate, both in terms of resource utilization, problem identification, farming planning, and adaptability. The main factor that determines the level of farmer capacity in managing padai rice farming is the level of formal education and non-formal education.
Keywords: Capacity of farmers, lowland rice farming, agricultural extension activities
81 [RGandaria-4]
Contribution of Homegarden Farming to Household Income and Its Sustainability in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Irham1, Defira Suci Gusfarina2, Arif Wahyu Widada1, Azizatun Nurhayati1
1Department of Agricultural Socioeconomics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia 2Researcher, Agricultural Technology Research Agency, Jambi Province, Indonesia
Abstract. Farming is nowadays intensively developed in urban areas. Homegarden has great potential to support household food sufficiency and provide aesthetic value and support for the household economy. This study's objectives are: (1) to estimate the contribution of homegarden farming to household income and (2) to determine homegarden farming's sustainability in Yogyakarta City. The research was carried out in the city center and fringe area covering seven districts of Yogyakarta. The sample were 113 households that utilized their homegarden for farming and were a member of farmer groups. Data were analyzed using a simple calculation to determine the contribution of homegarden farming income. Farming sustainability data in the form of a Likert scale were categorized into ecological, economic, and social dimensions. The results of the study showed that the contribution of homegarden farming to household income was 0.81%. This value is minimal because the land is very narrow; the main purpose is not for sale. Homegarden farming, both in the city center and in the suburbs, has an excellent level of sustainability, which is indicated by the economic dimension (79.11%), the ecological dimension (78.71%), and the social dimension (84.12%).
Keywords: homegarden, sustainability, self-farming, contribution, income
82 [RGandaria-5]
The Impact of Government Policy in Increasing Comparative and Competitive Advantage of Smallholders’ Nutmeg Farming in Maluku Province, Indonesia
Tienni Mariana Simanjorang*, Irham
Department of Agricultural Socioeconomics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. JL. Flora, Bulaksumur, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kecamatan Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281.
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The smallholder's nutmeg farming plays an important role in Maluku Province, especially Central Maluku Regency as the largest nutmeg producer. However, the role of the government in increasing the competitiveness of nutmeg farming is badly needed. This study aims: (1) to determine the characteristics of smallholder nutmeg farming in Maluku Province, (2) to determine the level of comparative and competitive advantage of nutmeg farming, and (3) to determine the role of government in increasing the comparative and competitive advantage of nutmeg farming. One hundred eighty farmers were interviewed in three sub-districts in Central Maluku Regency. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) is used to measure competitiveness and multiple regression analysis to determine government policies' effect on the competitiveness of smallholder nutmeg farming. The results showed that the level of comparative and competitive advantage of smallholder nutmeg farming in Maluku province was very high. The analysis results also show that government policies have a significant impact, especially on increasing competitive advantage. This indicates the need for government programs related to the competitiveness of the smallholders’ nutmeg farming, especially in improving the price of seeds and mace prices by taking into account the nutmeg commodity's location.
83 [RGandaria-6]
Digital Extension and the Development of Agricultural Performance in Indonesia
Jamhari1,*, Ismiasih2, Muh Amat Nasir3
1Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Socio-economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia 2Lecturer, Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Postgraduate student, Department of Agricultural Socio-economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The agricultural sector plays an important role in providing foodstuffs for the population of every country. However, the lack of innovation in agricultural technology and the limited distribution channels for crop yields have caused farmers' welfare level to be quite low in various regions. Meanwhile, Smart Agriculture and 4.0 Technologies play a huge role in increasing the agricultural sector's efficiency. Digitalization has had a significant influence on transforming traditional agricultural systems into data management-based approaches. The Desa Apps is an open access agricultural extension platform developed in Indonesia that facilitates farmers to interact with other farmers to share ideas, innovations, and solutions to face various farm and off-farm obstacles. This paper aims to describe the development platform and identify opportunities related to developing the Desa Apps platform. The results showed that Java and Sumatra islands have good potential for developing the Desa Apps platform. Besides, the registered members with the largest reporting level are farmers, extension agents, and traders.
Keywords: Smart Agriculture; 4.0 Technologies; digitalization; Extension; Desa Apps
84 [RGandaria-7]
The Strategy of Guava Agribusiness Development in Kendal Regency Using a Business Model Canvas
Ali Khamdi*, Wiludjeng Roessali, Mukson
Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Based on the Central Bureau of the Statistics Republic of Indonesia, Kendal is a region with the largest red guava fruit production in Central Java. In 2014-2016, red guava production in Kendal Regency increased from 97,050 quintals to 222,548 quintals. In 2017 there was a decrease in production to 137,671 quintals, however in 2018, it increased to 159,079 quintals, but it was not exceeded the 2017 production. This research captured the current business model and developed its development strategy with a business model canvas approach (BMC) equipped with SWOT. The SWOT diagram's interpretation results show that the guava farmers in 4 Districts are in quadrant I position, which means in growth conditions with good opportunities and strengths to support the development of a red guava business is getting bigger. BMC shows the need for additional customer segments to remove dependence from wholesalers with several strategies: 1) Trading network expansion; 2) Increasing key resources, such as farmer groups and farmer resources, cultivating the post-harvest processes, information, and technology mastery and strengthening business capital; 3) Adding key activity, such as regulating the harvest period and post-harvest processing; and 4) Value proposition by improving the quality of red guava.
Keywords: Business model canvas, agribusiness, red guava, strategy
85 [RGandaria-8]
Income Analysis of Coconut Farming with Land Diversification in North Minahasa Regency
Joachim N K Dumais*, Rine Kaunang Jelly Lumingkewas, Yolanda Rori
Department of Social Economics/Agribusiness, Sam Ratulangi University, Jln. Kampus Unsrat Kleak
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. North Minahasa Regency is the second-largest coconut plant center in North Sulawesi, with a coconut plantation area of 44,886 ha in 2018 (North Sulawesi Province in Figures, 2018). Plantation of coconut that exists in north Minahasa Regencyis a plantation of the people traditionally managed. Less development of rejuvenation coconut plantation causes an increase in the proportion of coconut plantation that its age relatively old has been cut down because it is not productive anymore. Cutting down is causing an increase in unproductive land under the coconut tree. This land can grow other plants such as corn, papaya, chili, ginger, banana, and economic plants to increase coconut farmer's income. The objective of this research is to: 1) assess and analyze the existing condition of diversification, and revenue land farming coconut exists in the District of Minahasa Utara; 2) calculate and compare the income per hectare of any diversification of land farming coconuts in the District of Minahasa Utara; 3) produce a recommendation policy that is associated with alternative types of diversification of land farming coconuts in the District of Minahasa Utara. Research results showed that there are five types of income diversification of land, namely: 1) crop monoculture oil processed into copra; 2) crop monoculture oil processed into coconut grain; 3) coconut processed into coconut grain with corn; 4) coconut into coconut grain with papaya, and 5) coconut processed into coconut grain with chili. Farming that gives the highest income is coconut processed into coconut grain with papaya.
Keywords: Income, coconut farming, land diversification
86 [RGandaria-9]
The Characteristic and Feasibility of Bandanese Nutmeg Agro- Industry in Banda Island of Maluku Province
Marfin Lawalata, Natelda R. Timisela*, Martha Turukay, Ester D Leatemia, Johanna M Luhukay
Agricultural Social Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka, Ambon 97233
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study aims to identify the characteristics of nutmeg industrialists in Banda Island, the Bandanese nutmeg agroindustry profiles, and analyze Bandanese nutmeg's feasibility agroindustry, and to analyze the affecting factors on the incomes of nutmeg industrialists in Banda Island. The results show that agroindustry is feasible to develop because the average value of ratio B-C is 1,8. The feasibility of investment analysis shows that the NVP value is Rp.2.569.750, the IRR value is 36,24%, the value of Ratio Net B/C is 1,8, and the payback period is 3,44. From the results of analyzing the factors that affect nutmeg agroindustry industrialists' income rates, the factors include raw material prices, auxiliary materials prices, production, labor wages, and working capital. The determination coefficient is 55,7, which means that the income rates are affected by the variable of ages, the education levels, the number of family members, the business experiences, and the working-capital counted as 55,7 %. The rest 44, 3 %, is affected by the other factors out of the model.
Keywords: Characteristic, agro-industry, feasibility, Bandanese nutmeg
87 [RGandaria-10]
Meat Price Volatility as Implications for Food Security in Indonesia
Resti Prastika Destiarni1,*, Ahmad Syariful Jamil2, Fanny Septya3
1Department of Agribusiness, University of Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia 2Agriculture Training Centre of Jambi, Indonesia 3Department of Agribusiness, University of Riau, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Indonesian meat consumption has a 40 percent deficit, which was covered by imports. Meat prices in the international market tend to fluctuate. The gap between domestic demand and supply of meat and the imported price fluctuation causes domestic price instability. This research is conducted to analyze the volatility of meat price implicated in Indonesia's food security. ARCH- GARCH model is used to estimate meat price volatility in Indonesia. The Augmented Dickey- Fuller and cointegration tests have been used for testing the presence of unit root and cointegration in the series. Lagrange multiplier has been utilized to detect the presence of an autoregressive conditional effect. Daily meat prices used are the national average price obtained from the Indonesia Ministry of Trade. This study reveals that meat price in Indonesia has high volatility with increasing price over the research period. The empirical model also shows the asymmetry effect. The results recommend that Indonesia should apply comprehensive managed import such as not only import on fresh meat and ready to cut bovine but also on breeding bovine. By fulfilling production and stock, meat prices can be more stable. By the price stabilization, the food security concept will be reached so that every layer of society can consume meat.
Keywords: ARCH – GARCH, food security, meat, price, volatility
88 [RGandaria-11]
Accelerated Adoption of Sugar Palm Farming Technology to Supports Sustainable Resource Utilization in North Sulawesi
Jefny B. Markus Rawung1,*, Jantje G. Kindangen1, Rita Indrasti2, Abdul Gaffar3
1The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Sulawesi, Manado, Indonesia. 2Centre of Assessment and Technology Agricultural Development, Bogor, West Java. Indonesia 3The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Maluku, Ambon, Indonesia.
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Palm trees have high economic value for the Minahasa people of North Sulawesi. The technology for developing this crop farming is still diverse at the farmer level, and the adoption rate needs to be accelerated. The research was conducted from July to November 2016 in the central district of palm plantations in North Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and opportunities of accelerating the adoption of sugar palm farming technology in sustainable resource use in North Sulawesi. The data used are secondary data and primary data derived from respondents as many as 120 palm-based farming households. Data analysis used cross-tabulation for farmer characteristics and binary logistic regression approach for accelerated adoption opportunities, where the adoption gap is the dependent variable, and 15 other variables are independent. The results showed that the farmers cultivated sugar palm plants with an intercropping farming system with various plantation and forestry food crops. Good knowledge of palm plant cultivation system (64.84%) in cultivating sugar palm with a good understanding of palm plant-based farming's sustainability. Opportunities for accelerating the appreciation and adoption of farmers to sugar palm-based farming technology can be realized in the form of participatory technology assistance on all technology components, both basic and optional technology, by expanding the business scale, increasing various processed products, bringing the location of farming closer to residential and information sources technology. To increase the production of aren and their derivative products and maintain the continuity and preservation of the environment, it is necessary to cultivate and expand the palm area in harmony with regional spatial planning for conservation and sustainable management.
Keywords: Cultivation system, farm income, palm trees, sustainability, logistic regression
89 [RGandaria-12]
Livelihood Strategy of Coastal Households During Covid-19 Pandemic: Case Study in Wermaktian District, Tanimbar Islands Regency
Junianita F. Sopamena, Leunard O. Kakisina, August E Pattiselanno*
Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This research aims to analyze coastal households' livelihood strategy in coping with the covid-19 pandemic, especially for the households who live by coastal forest in Wermaktian District, Tanimbar Islands Regency. Research is conducted at two villages, namely Marantutul Village and Batuputih Village. Those villages are selected with the criterion of the synchronous implementation of farming and fishery activities. The sample is determined purposively, involving 60 households with 30 households taken from each village. Research shows that households who live by coastal forest have used several strategies for fulfilling household necessities during a covid-19 pandemic. Those strategies are classified into three categories, respectively on-farm (intensifying farming works), non-farm (working in the lumber industry), and off-farm (as a trader). Working in the lumber industry has the most significant contribution to household income, which is 53 percent. The remaining percentage is contributed by copra commodity, crops, fishery, and household services.
Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, livelihood strategies, income, coastal household
90 [RGandaria-13]
Analysis of Farmer’s Capacity and Its Relation with Farm Productivity During Covid-19 Pandemic
Inta P.N. Damanik*, M.E. Tahitu, M. Turukay, F.P Adam
Economic and Social Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture of Pattimura University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study analyzes farmer capacity in carrying out farm activities as the main livelihood and its effect on farm productivity during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted online by distributing questionnaires through a google form. There were 113 responses obtained by returning questionnaires. The three regions that sent the most responses were farmers in Ambon City, West Seram District, and Central Maluku Regency. The results showed that farmer capacity during the Covid-19 pandemic has decreased, especially in selling products for fruit and vegetable commodities. In contrast, food commodities such as rice tend to be stable. This has a positive correlation to farm productivity. The main factor causing the decline of farmer capacity was decreasing the community's purchasing power during the covid-19 pandemic. Market access of farmers getting lower or no access because of large-scale social restrictions, no traders collectors coming, challenging to access plant need like fertilizer, pesticide, etcetera. This condition requires serious attention from related parties so that farmers could selling farm products for the stability of farm income. Another way is to create farmer groups to increase farmer capacity in marketing and all aspects of farming.
Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, farmer capacity, farm productivity
91 [RGandaria-14]
Analysis of Consumer Behaviour in Purchasing Tomato During Pandemic Covid 19
Fitri Awaliyah, Vela Rostwentivaivi
Agribusiness Departement, Agricultural Faculty, Universitas Garut, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The study attempted to gain knowledge about the characteristics, preferences, and changes in consumer behavior in buying tomatoes during the pandemic. With a sample of 94 respondents, the survey's data were analyzed with the descriptive statistical method. This study aims to look at consumer behavior in consuming tomatoes and changes in their consumption patterns when the Covid 19 pandemic occurs. Results indicate that from most consumers shopping for tomatoes every week, consumers prefer big-shaped tomatoes with ripe red color. Consumers realize that organic tomatoes healthier for consumption; however, this awareness is not necessarily followed by purchase intentions and consumer purchasing decisions to buy organic tomatoes. When pandemic Covid 19, consumer behavior changes in consumption patterns occurred in the purchase of groceries. During the pandemic, consumers began to switch shopping places. Those who usually buy from traditional markets have changed to buying tomatoes to the itinerant greengrocer, vegetable shop, or online taxi services and online vegetable seller services. The pattern of purchasing vegetables began to change shopping to avoid contracting the Covid 19 virus and considering how to spend money, and looking for ways to save more money when shopping.
92 [RGandaria-15]
Corn Farming Analysis in Babar Island, District of Babar Islands, Southwest Maluku Regency
Stephen F. W. Thenu*
Program Study Agribusiness Agriculture Faculty Pattimura University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Babar Island is a corn production center in the District of Babar Islands. Maize is the dominant food commodities and a major food source for the community. Corn is the dominant crop commodity in Barbar Island and has become a staple food for the community. The farming is traditional and subsystems to meet farmers household needs, and the excess (if any) will be sold but in very limited quantities. However, the sale's purpose is not commercial but just to meet the household's needs that cannot be substituted by other goods and only by a few farmers if necessary. The farming is carried out on slash and burn dry land by polyculture cropping pattern that combines annual and perennial crops. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and profitability of corn farming in Barbar island, using survey methods with a stratified random sampling technique. The results showed that the cost of corn production in Barbar Island, district of Barbar Islands, South West Maluku Regency consists of fixed cost and variable cost. The fixed cost components are including equipment depreciation costs and land rent costs. The variable costs include inputs costs (seeds, fertilizers, chemicals) and labor costs. Variable costs are the largest cost component for corn farming. Corn farming is profitable and viable, as indicated by the average income Rp.2.647.396 compared to the average cost incurred by farmers Rp.2.520.934 and BC ratio of 1.05. This means that the production costs of Rp.2.520.934 will generate benefit 1.05 times of the cost.
Keywords: Corn, farming, profit, feasibility
93 [RGandaria-16]
Consumption Pattern and Hope Food Pattern in Salahutu District, Maluku Tengah
Natelda R. Timisela1, Wardis Girsang1,*, Loza Tupamahu2
1Postgraduate Lecturer at the Pattimura University Agribusiness Study Program, 2Post-Graduate Student at the Pattimura University Agribusiness Study Program, Jln. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka, Ambon, 97233
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study aims to analyze food consumption patterns, hope food patterns, and the factors that influence household food consumption. The research was located in Suli Village and Liang Village, Central Maluku Regency. The location was determined purposive based on the 2017 Central Maluku Regency Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) results. Suli and Liang Villages were included in Priority 1 and 2 as Food Vulnerable Areas. The sampling method was carried out by random sampling with the Slovin formula with 87 households, 44 and 43, respectively, in Suli and Liang's villages. The research data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the two villages' household food consumption pattern was lower than the ideal weight of food consumption, namely 870 grams/capita/day, respectively, 783.83 (Liang Village) and 709.81 (Suli Village). The score of the hope pagan pattern in Liang Village is 75, and Suli Village is 76.9. Analysis of the factors that affect household food consumption patterns in the two villages, the coefficient of determination is 51.56 (Liang Village) and 59.19 (Suli Village). The results of the t-test show that the factors that influence the pattern of household food consumption in Liang Village include income (X1), several family members (X2), and education of homemakers (X4). While the factors that influence food consumption patterns in households in Suli Village, namely income (X1), age of the housewife (X3), and education of homemakers (X4).
Keywords: Consumption, Food, household, Suli Village, and Liang Village.
94
ROOM 7 PISANG TONGKA LANGIT - FOOD SCIENCE, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SAFETY
95 [RPisang Tongka Langit-1]
Characteristics of Yellow Sweet Potato Flakes (Ipomoea batatas L.) With the Addition of Moringa Leaf Flour (Moringa oleifera)
Gelora H. Augustyn*, Vita N. Lawalata, Analia Sahuleka, Sophia G. Sipahelut
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Flakes made from yellow sweet potato flour are one of the products with the addition of moringa leaf flour to increase the two commodities' added value. The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical and organoleptic properties of yellow sweet potato flakes with the addition of moringa leaf flour and determine the best treatment. This research was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with the addition of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% moringa leaf flour, and repeated twice. The results showed that the addition of 4% moringa leaf flour was the best treatment because it was following SNI, with chemical characteristics of 3.43% moisture content, 1.88% ash content, 7.24% fat content, 2.05% protein content, 80.54% carbohydrate content, 4.81% fiber content and organoleptic characteristics of color (3.93 like), taste (3.76 like), aroma (3.40 like), crispness (3.90 like), and overall (3.90 like).
96 [RPisang Tongka Langit-2]
Organoleptic Characteristics of Pala Tea with Variations of the Roasting Time
Syane Palijama1,*, Leunard O. Kakisina2, Natelda R. Timisela2, Johanna M. Luhukay2, Rachel Breemer1, Febby J. Polnaya1, Sintya Laterissa1, Eka Kaplale1
1Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka, Ambon 97233 2Department of Agricultural socio-economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka, Ambon 97233
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This study aims to determine the effect of roast time on the organoleptic characteristics of nutmeg tea. The experimental design carried out in this study was a randomized block design, which is arranged in a factorial consisting of 2 factors with three replications. The factor used was the roast time (S), which consisted of 4 levels, namely S1 (20 minutes), S2 (25 minutes), S3 (30 minutes), S4 (35 minutes), and part of the nutmeg (P) which consisted of 2 levels, namely P1 (fruit skin) and P2 (pulp) to obtain 24 experimental units. The response variables analyzed included organoleptic responses (color, taste, and aroma), both hedonic and hedonic quality. The results showed that the roast time, the nutmeg part, and the interaction between the two affected the color, taste, and aroma both hedonic and hedonic quality. The nutmeg skin treatment and roasting time were 25 minutes; on average, the panelists responded to 3.96 (very like) color, 3.32 (like) aroma and 2.80 (like) taste hedonic. Whereas in hedonic quality, the treatment took 25 minutes and the skin nutmeg, on average, the panelists responded to 3.35 color (tea-colored), 3.24 aroma (nutmeg flavor), and 2.56 taste (slightly nutmeg flavor).
Keywords: Nutmeg tea, hedonic, hedonic quality, roast time.
97 [RPisang Tongka Langit-3]
Physicochemical Characteristics of Gandaria Leather with sugar concentration treatment
Vita N. Lawalata*
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka Ambon 97233, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Gandaria leather is one type of fruit leather processed by gandaria fruit in thin sheets with 2-3 mm thickness. It has a specific consistency and taste according to the fruit of Gandaria. This study aimed to determine the effect of added sugar on the physicochemical characteristics o f Gandaria leather. This study used a single factor completely randomized design, namely sugar concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results showed that the sugar concentration signif icantly affected the parameters of water content, total sugar, total acid, vitamin C, and water acti vity (aw) and significantly affected the tensile strength of gandaria leather. The physicochemical characteristics of gandaria leather from various sugar concentration treatments are as follows: w ater content (14.05-20.13%), total sugar (80.56-84.90%), total acid (3.10-12.37 mg/100g), vitam in C (59.44-78.48 mg/100g), water activity (0.48-0.62), and tensile strength (0.20-0.37 N). The r esulting gandaria leather qualifies as good fruit leather, and treatment with a sugar concentration of 10% is recommended as gandaria leather, which can be developed and commercialized.
Keywords: Gandaria leather, physicochemical, sugar, concentration
98 [RPisang Tongka Langit-4]
Test for The Antibacterial Inhibition of Kaffir Lime Leaf (Citrus hysteric D.C) Extract Against Pathogen Bacteria in Improving Food Safety
Sandriana J Nendissa1, Dessyre M Nendissa2,*
1Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University-Ambon. Indonesia 2Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University Ambon. Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Kafir lime leaf (Citrus hystrix) is a plant from the citrus tribe that has long been known by the community as a flavor ingredient. To support its use and increase its application in supporting food safety, test the inhibition of kaffir lime leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria, namely Gram-Negative Bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium) and Gram-Positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeroginosa). Making kaffir lime leaf extract (Citrus hystrix) was done by weighing 150g of lime leaf powder, then immersing in 96% ethanol solution and leaving for + 3 days. Kaffir lime leaf extract was dissolved with sterile distilled aquades to obtain a concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The antibacterial activity of kaffir lime leaf extract was tested by diffusion method using disc paper to determine the bacterial growth inhibition area. The results showed that kaffir lime extract had antibacterial activity inhibition of 12,78 mm of Staphylococcus aureus, 9 mm of E.coli, 7,12 mm of Salmonella typhimurium, and 9,3 mm of P. aeroginosa. Kaffir lime leaf extract has inhibition effectiveness for gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, P. aeroginosa. Thus, kaffir lime leaf extract can be used as a decontaminant against these four types of bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus, which has strong inhibitory power, so it can maintain quality and increase the safety of mead based foods
Keywords: Kafir lime leaf (Citrus hystrix), inhibition, antibacterial, pathogenic bacteria.
99 [RPisang Tongka Langit-5]
Food Security of Farmers’ Households in Special Province of Yogyakarta
Slamet Iskandar1, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo2, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati2
1Department of Nutrition, Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health of Yogyakarta 2Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The 2015 national socio-economic survey results show that most household head jobs in the Special Province of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta/ DIY) were farmers. The majority of Indonesian farmers were small-scale, poor, and low-income farmers who impact the ability to provide food. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the level of food security of farmers’ households in DIY. This study used secondary data of 455 farmers’ households in the 2015 national socio-economic survey in DIY. Data were analyzed by Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results showed that the level of food affordability was 90.59%. The adequacy level of energy was achieved at 96.09%. The level of diversity of food was 73.29%. The level of balance of nutrients energy sources was 97.47%. The level of food security of farmers’ households was 90.67%. The study concluded that the higher education of farmer homemakers and the income of farmers’ households would increase farmers’ food security. Farmers’ households living in urban areas were more food-resistant than farmers’ households living in rural areas. Poor peasant households were less food resistant than non-poor peasant households. The government must increase people's income by providing capital facilities for poor peasant households in rural areas.
Keywords: Farmers, farmer's households, food security, level of food security
100 [RPisang Tongka Langit-6]
Food Security During COVID-19 Pandemic
John F. Sahusilawane, Aphrodite Milana Sahusilawane*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Covid 19, which occurred worldwide, has brought a great sacrifice to human life, including changes in the human lifestyle's natural order. While new normal or new life has been more problematic, following application doesn’t mean this deadly virus can be blocked at terminated. It impacts even goes everywhere; bringing is one risk to another one of them was about food. People are getting worried about having enough to eat. It is possible to continue in the habit it consuming imported foodstuff. Does the diet still crucial from the island continue mainly for people in small islands such as the Moluccas grown accustomed to eating? The decision can answer that 1) local food become very urgent for to survive life in pandemic 2) Woman as a food supplier for the families still keep a lot of local wisdom of local food as for production as for keeping food during a pandemic
Keywords: Food security, women and pandemic Covid 19
101 [RPisang Tongka Langit-7]
Scoring system as an alternative audit method in Food Safety Management System Certification Body
H D Wahyuni1, S Nurjanah2,3, W P Rahayu2,3
1Food Technology Graduate Program, IPB University, Indonesia 2Departement of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Indonesia 3SEAFAST Center, IPB University, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Differences in auditor perceptions often occur in the practice of management system audits, including auditors from the Food Safety Management System (FSMS) Certification Body. Man as an assessment tool greatly affects the outcome of the audit report. The scoring method is a quantitative approach in auditing to eliminate subjectivity and impartiality in the assessment of compliance with requirements. The purpose of this study was to obtain a diversity profile as the results of the gap analysis on the ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 process requirements conducted by auditors with a scoring system at the FSMS Certification Body (PT XYZ) and to obtain the sources information of the diversity of the gap analysis results. The study method included three steps: preparation, conducting gap analysis, and data analysis by descriptive statistical methods and one-way Anova test. The results showed a diversity of discrepancies in the auditor's report on the process requirements' four sub-clauses (9.1, 9.2, 9.5, and 9.9). The auditor's total score was in the same category (X≥73.2%) and was not significantly different at the 0.05 significance level. It was necessary to increase monitoring of the internal audit system and auditors' competence from PT XYZ.
102 [RPisang Tongka Langit-8]
Development of Home-based Ready-to-use Supplementary Food (RUSF-HB) to Overcome Nutrition-related Problems Among Children Under Five During the Covid-19 Pandemic
S Sastrawan1, M Menap1, L Sulaiman2 and H Hendrayani3
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin, Indonesia 2Central for Research and Community Engagement, Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin, Indonesia 3Nutrition Services Department, Sengkol Public Health Centre, Indonesia
Abstract. The most direct causes of malnutrition are inadequate food consumption and infection. The prolonged Covid-19 pandemic has limited families’ ability to fulfill the need for adequate nutrition consumption, particularly for low-income families, leaving children under five a risk of undernutrition. We sought to develop home-based ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSF-HB) from local ingredients that are energy-protein-dense, affordable, simple, and easy to produce at home. Three milk-free formulas (MFFs) and six standard formulas (STFs) were created. Three cheap and abundant local foods: soybeans, cowpeas, and mung beans were combined with rice flour, refined sugar, and coconut oil. Skim milk powder was added to the STFs only. A cross-over study design was used to assess food organoleptic. Additional qualitative data collection was done to determine individuals’ acceptance of the formulas. The developed foods were comparable in several sensory aspects except for the odor and the taste. Soybeans-based formulas contain slightly more energy and protein compared to mung beans or cowpeas-based ones. Also, soybean-based was known to be less expensive. However, the mung beans-based formulas were more favorable to caregivers and children, mainly their taste and smell. The RUSF-HB is a viable, doable, and affordable alternative to the more expensive industrial-grade mass-produced supplementary foods. The formulas were easy enough to reproduce and considered to be affordable, particularly during the pandemic. These formulas can supply extra nutrient to mild acute malnutrition children or used as treatment foods in the event of an emergency for severely malnourished children, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic
103 [RPisang Tongka Langit-9]
Food Consumption Patterns of University Students in Indonesia during the Transition Period in the New Normal Era
Andi Eka Yunianto1, Kiki Kristiandi2, Made Darawati3, Tetty Herta Doloksaribu4, Ike Anggraeni5, Muksin Pasambuna6
1Departemen of Nutrition, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, West Java Province, Indonesia 2Department of Food Agro-Industry, State Polytechnic of Sambas (Politeknik Negeri Sambas), Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia 3Department of Nutrition, Health Polytechnic of Mataram (Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram), Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia 4Department of Nutrition, Health Polytechnic of Medan (Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan), Medan, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia 5Department of Public Health, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia 6Department of Nutrition, Health Polytechnic of Manado (Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado), Manado, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia affected community life, including students, especially in food consumption patterns. Our study investigates the differences in health and non- health students' eating habits during the transition period to the new normal era. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 5924 students. The questionnaire is in the form of an e- survey with a google form. The students' diet was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the differences in dietary patterns between health and non-health majors. There was a significant difference in student consumption patterns including daily eating habits (p = 0.002), consumption of animal side dishes (p = 0.000), vegetable consumption (p = 0.000), water consumption (p = 0.000), changes in eating frequency (p = 0.013) and changes in the amount of food consumed (p = 0.008). There are differences in consumption patterns between students majoring in health and non-health during the transition period. A good diet is needed in increasing immunity in students during the transition period.
Keywords: Food consumption patterns, students, new normal
104 [RPisang Tongka Langit-10]
The Existence of Warm Glow, Altruistic, and Egoistic Motives in Food Consumers with Ethical Claims: A Case Study of Organic Products in Indonesia
D. Cahyasita*, Irham, Jamhari
Department of Agricultural Socio-economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Warm glow, altruistic, and egoistic are presumed to exist in consumers when choosing foods with ethical claims such as organic products. The existence of ethical values, pro- environmental and pro-social claims, is also the reason to choose, as part of altruism. Referring to the previous research, individuals who are doing ethical principles had warm glow motives in their altruistic behavior. This study aims to: (1) identify the various motives in the organic consumers either who purchased online or offline, (2) see the existence of warm glow motives, and (3) determine the correlation between warm glow motives and altruism. In this study, data obtained from online surveys were 219 respondents who had consumed and bought organic food products. Measurement of motives is done by using a Likert scale questionnaire and were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that maintaining health was the most substantial reason for consumers to choose organic food. Motives of offline and online consumers were significantly different in terms of warm glow and altruism. The warm glow of offline consumers was most strongly associated with happiness for pro-social reasons, whereas online consumers for pro- environmental reasons. Warm glow motives are known to have a positive correlation with altruism.
105 [RPisang Tongka Langit-11]
Characterization of Pectin from Tongka Langit Banana Peels with Various Extraction Temperature
Priscillia Picauly*, Gilian Tetelepta
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka Ambon 97233, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Banana peel waste can be used in the food industry as a source of pectin. Pectin can be obtained from the extraction process tongka langit banana peel. This research's objective was to characterize pectin's properties extracted from banana tongka langit peel with different extraction temperatures. A completely randomized experimental design with 3 level treatment extraction time of banana tongka langit peel, i.e., 80oC, 85oC, and 90oC with three replicates, was applied in this research. The properties evaluated, including equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonate acid, esterification degree, yield, moisture content, and ash content. Result showed that equivalent weight (3104,3 mg, 1084,0 mg, and 699,8 mg), methoxyl content (3,25%, 3,87%, and 5,44%), galacturonate acid (24,56%, 38,06%, and 56,08%), esterification degree (76,02%, 57,45%, and 55,05%), moisture content (11,39%, 10,79%, and 9,85%), ash (4,42%, 5,11%, and 6,47%)), and yield (8,37%, 8,80%, and 9,20%).).
Keywords: banana tongka langit peel, pectin, extraction temperature
106 [RPisang Tongka Langit-12]
Characteristics of Chemical Properties of Fruit Flour of Mangrove (Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza Lamk.) with Lower Cyanide Content
Febby J. Polnaya*, Vonda J. Thenu, Syane Palijama, Rachel Breemer
Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Poka, Ambon 97233
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The objectives of this study were to determine the best method to reduce cyanide content of mangrove fruit flour; and describe its chemical properties. This study used a completely randomized design, with treatments consisting of boiling in water for 30 minutes, immersion in water for 24 hours, in a solution of NaOH 0.8 M, KOH 0.8 M, Na2CO3 0.8 M; and immersion in a solution of Na2HPO4 0.8 M for 24 hours. Observed variables included cyanide, moisture, ash, fat, carbohydrates, and protein contents. The results showed that all treatments tested were able to reduce cyanide content of mangrove fruit flour; however, the treatment of boiling mangrove fruits for 30 minutes showed the highest reduction, i.e., 84.14% with 1.95 mg/kg cyanide content. The characteristics of mangrove fruit flour with the lower levels of cyanide content were 14.17% ash, 12.08% moisture, 0.51% fat, 67.76% carbohydrate, and 3.64% protein contents.
Keywords: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Lamk., fruit flour, immersion, the reduction of cyanide content.
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