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Izdatsrv\Storage\Олеся\Вестники МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ www.volsu.ru DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.2.11 UDC 811.111’282 Submitted: 27.12.2018 LBC 81.432.1-025.7 Accepted: 20.05.2019 FEATURES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE INDIGENIZATION IN NIGERIA Tatiana G. Voloshina Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia Abstract. The purpose of the article is to find some peculiarities of Indigenization of the English language in one of the greatest countries of West Africa - Nigeria. In regard to it an inclusive approach was used: linguistic and cultural specificity of the relationship of the English language and culture of Nigeria is carried out on the one hand as the influence of cultural factors on the language from the perspective of cultural linguistics, on the other hand, from the perspective of the influence of the language factor on the spread of culture, that is, from the perspective of linguistic cultural study issues. The author emphasizes an important role of English in various spheres of Nigerian life, including education, economy, politics, states that in everyday conversations peoples use their local dialects, defines the factors that might led to indigenization. A Nigerian dialect of English is described as a certain type of hybrid with the basis formed from English syntax, lexis, phonetics and some elements of Nigerian. On the example of lexical groups “National Food” and “National Clothes” the author proves that the dialect under study contains a layer of words that denote local realities but are adjusted to the norms of English. In conclusion it is stated that Indigenization of English is reflected in combination of the English-adapted nominations of local food and clothes that have developed new meanings, and Nigerian and Portuguese borrowings. Key words: language, culture, communication, indigenization, territorial variant of English, Nigeria, language situation, ethnic dialects. Citation. Voloshina T.G. Features of English Language Indigenization in Nigeria. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 2. Yazykoznanie [Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Linguistics], 2019, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 118-127. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.2.11 УДК 811.111’282 Дата поступления статьи: 27.12.2018 ББК 81.432.1-025.7 Дата принятия статьи: 20.05.2019 ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИНДИГЕНИЗАЦИИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В НИГЕРИИ Татьяна Геннадьевна Волошина Белгородский государственный университет, г. Белгород, Россия Аннотация. Задача исследования состоит в выявлении специфики реализации индигенизации английского языка на территории Нигерии – одного из наиболее крупных государств Западной Африки. Решение поставлен- ной задачи осуществляется комплексно: с позиций культурологической лингвистики, что проявляется в изучении влияния культурного фактора на язык, и с позиций лингвистической культурологии, что проявляется в изучении влияния языкового фактора на культуру. Охарактеризована языковая ситуация в Нигерии: при доминировании английского языка в различных сферах жизни (образовании, экономике, политике) в бытовом общении использу- ются этнические языки народностей, населяющих Нигерию. Установлены факторы, способствовавшие форми- рованию в границах нигерийской культуры территориального варианта английского языка – гибридного образо- вания, основу которого составляют синтаксис, лексика и фонетика английского языка, дополненные элементами , 2019 , нигерийских языков, определены причины индигенизации английского языка. На примере анализа тематических групп «Национальные продукты питания» и «Национальная одежда» показано, что в территориальном варианте английского языка имеется широкий пласт слов, обозначающих местные реалии и отражающих адаптацию анг- лийского языка к нигерийской культуре. Выявлено, что для наименования местных продуктов питания и одежды используются слова английского языка, развивающие новые лексические значения, слова из нигерийских языков, Волошина T.Г. Волошина а также португальские заимствования. 118 Вестник ВолГУ. Серия 2, Языкознание. 2019. Т. 18. № 2 T.Г. Волошина. Особенности индигенизации английского языка в Нигерии Ключевые слова: язык, культура, коммуникация, индигенизация, территориальный вариант английс- кого языка, Нигерия, языковая ситуация, этнические языки. Цитирование. Волошина T. Г. Особенности индигенизации английского языка в Нигерии // Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. Серия 2, Языкознание. – 2019. – Т. 18, № 2. – С. 118–127. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.2.11 Введение цузское происхождение, а большая часть слов английского языка содержит латинские корни Способность языка влиять на мышление [Ifemesia, 2001, р. 35]). Отношения между ан- была впервые обнаружена американским лин- глийским языком и нигерийской культурой гвистом и антропологом Эдвардом Сепиром имеют сходную историю: многие английские и его учеником Бенджамином Уорфом. Со- заимствования были интегрированы в нигерий- гласно их гипотезе то, как человек думает и ские языки. воспринимает мир, задается его языком В Нигерии в рамках национальной поли- [Sapir, 1987, р. 46–52]. Культура – это сово- тики в области образования английский язык купность способов, которыми люди живут и был принят в качестве стандарта успешного могут осмыслить свое существование. Она образования и социального развития, что оп- будучи продуктом человеческого разума, оп- ределялось статусом английского языка, ис- ределяется, распространяется и поддержива- пользуемого для всех официальных и образо- ется через язык. Связь между языком и куль- вательных целей [Adedeji, 1995, р. 34; Aliyu, турой, бесспорно, является симбиозом. 1999, р. 21]. Английский сегодня является так- Культура рассматривается нами как же основным языком законодательства, ис- сверхдинамичная структура, которая направ- пользуемым как в национальном, так и госу- лена на достижение человеческого роста и дарственном Собрании. В настоящее время языкового развития. В работе исследуется в каждой семье, в том числе полуграмотной, процесс развития языка и его способность знакомство детей с английским языком начи- влиять на культуру. нается уже в первые годы обучения в школе В качестве объекта изучения избран ан- [Banjo, 2005, р. 167–168; Iwara, 2002, р. 102]. глийский язык, функционирующий в Нигерии Влияние английского языка на культуру во взаимодействии с этническими языками современной Нигерии чрезвычайно высоко, племен, проживающих в ней. Хотя эти языки что настораживает многих нигерийских лин- фактически и составляют основу этнической, гвистов. При этом вопрос о специфике «ни- региональной, национальной самобытности, герийского английского языка» невозможно национальный язык, вокруг которого могут обсуждать без учета нигерийского культур- сплотиться различные этнические группы, ного влияния на строй английского языка. еще не определен (см. об этом, например: В современном нигерийском языкознании [Awonusi, 2002, p. 24; Igboanusi, 2008, p. 45; принято различать несколько разновидностей Obot, 2007, р. 78]). нигерийского английского языка. По мнению лингвиста Айо Банджо, наиболее широко рас- Языковая ситуация в Нигерии пространенной является та синтаксическая, лексическая и фонетическая система, кото- Культура напрямую связана с образом рая максимально близка к стандартному бри- жизни людей, их обычаями, традициями, иде- танскому английскому языку. Исследователь ями, ценностями, которые воплощаются в раз- признает, что этот территориальный вариант ных формах, в том числе и языковых. Язык нигерийского английского языка обладает обладает способностью взаимодействовать с ярко выраженными лексическими особенно- культурой. Так, история английского языка на- стями, которые отражают влияние нигерий- чалась с контактов англосаксов с римлянами ской культуры на английский язык [Banjo, и французами, что отражено, например, в лек- 2005, р. 166–167]. сике (в настоящее время 80 % «кулинарных» Другой отличительной чертой языковой номинаций в английском языке имеют фран- ситуации в Нигерии является существенное Science Journal of VolSU. Linguistics. 2019. Vol. 18. No. 2 119 МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ влияние американизмов на речь представите- ра вряд ли может быть полностью развита лей одной из социальных групп – нигерийских вне языка, более того, язык и культура явля- студентов [Adegbija, 2008, р. 66–71]. Этому ются «ровесниками», а потому понятны толь- способствует глобализация, которая обуслов- ко в контексте друг друга [Ifemesia, 2001, лена широкой технологической и электронной р. 56–59; Rowland, 2003, р. 45–49]. Извест- коммуникацией между носителями разных ный нигерийский языковед Игбоануси культур, при этом сверхмощный поток инфор- (Igboanusi) представил диаграмму, демонст- мации студенты получают именно из США. рирующую, что именно через язык культур- Нигерийские студенты часто путают амери- ная информация сохраняется в памяти для канское и британское произношение, написа- последующего извлечения на протяжении ние, сленг, в связи с чем преподаватели ниге- тысячелетий. По мнению исследователя, рийских университетов в последнее время на- язык всегда был неотъемлемой частью, хра- стаивают на использовании обучающимися нилищем и средством выражения и переда- именно английского языка, а не его американ- чи своей культуры [Igboanusi, 2008, р. 78]. ского варианта [Bamgbose, 2006, р. 42–48; Культура и язык совместно действуют при Egbe, 2010, р. 56–58]. генерации мыслительного процесса и выра- Взаимное влияние нигерийской культуры жения мысли: культура проявляется через по- и английского языка обусловило появление нятия, а язык – через предложения в форме такого понятия, как
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