THE NAVAL HISTORY of the WORLD WAR LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS the Naval History of the World War

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

THE NAVAL HISTORY of the WORLD WAR LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS the Naval History of the World War — RETURN THIS BOOK ON OR BEFORE THE DATE INDICATED 1 O-XA Q/in Q V 1 ^ tV • nr V Ctffl — Tfival St n V -r _cl£ tb n 792 224 1 '.7 a |rlG v/ar. <7^ 1 1 '/ii 7 ? lApr20’43>Cv,\ DO NOT REMOVE SLIPS FROM BOOKS. A CHARGE IS MADE IF BOOKS ARE LOST OR DAMAGED. IDENTIFICATION OF BORROWERS IS REQUIRED Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/navalhistoryofwo01thom i I I % 1 THE NAVAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD WAR LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS The Naval History of the World War OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS 1914-1915 BY THOMAS G. FROTHINGHAM CAPTAIN U. 8. R. With Maps and Diagrams CAMBRIDGE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1925 COPYRIGHT, I»e4 BY H.VBVABD UNI VEHSITT PRESS Second Printing PRINTED AT THE HARVARD DNIVER9ITT PRBAA CAUBRIDOE. MASS., D. S. A THIS WORK HAS BEEN COMPILED FROM DATA PROVIDED BY THE HISTORICAL SECTION, UNITED STATES NAVY OD Military Historical Society of Massachusetts 224793 t f *»* < ^ !• < » < • « * » t # « » 4 t » <44 • 1 # *1 « ACKNOWLEDGMENT In addition to the invaluable help of Captain Dudley W. Knox, U. S. N., Chief of the Historical Section, United States Navy, in conjunction with whom this book has been written, the author desires to express sincere thanks for the assistance of Rear Admiral N. C. Twining, U. S. N., and of Lord Sydenham. These emi- nent authorities have gone over the text, and their con- structive comments and suggestions are here gratefully acknowledged. ' ^ I I.' { %ISl m .7 k\i.^ CONTENTS I. The German “Dry-Land” Plan of War . II. Control of the Seas at the Beginning of the World War 17 III. The Distribution of Naval Forces 24 IV. The Outbreak of War 43 V. First Naval Movements throughout the World 53 VI. Naval Strategy at the Beginning of Hostilities. Escape of the Goehen and Breslau to Constan- tinople 66 VII. The Far East, August 1914 91 VIII. Transporting the British Expeditionary Force. The Action in the Heligoland Bight .... 101 IX. The Mediterranean and the Outlying Seas . 120 X. Loss of the Belgian Coast. Lord Fisher in the British Admiralty 140 XI. The Battle of Coronel 158 XII. The New Naval Situation and the Battle of the Falkland Islands 177 XIII. Changes of Naval Strategy 207 XIV. German Naval Raids. The Dogger Bank Chase 223 XV. The Dardanelles Project 240 XVI. The Dardanelles. First Naval Attacks . 253 XVII. The Dardanelles. Final Defeat of Naval At- tacks 274 X CONTENTS Appendices: A. Tables showing Initial Naval Forces of the Powers 288 B. Letter of Admiral Jellicoe to the Admiralty 315 C. Development of the Blockade of the Con- federacy in the ('ivil War (1861-1865) . 320 D. Vice-Admiral Carden’s Plan for the Reduc- tion of the Dardanelles by Naval Forces Alone 323 E. Table of Dates of the ^Vo^ld War 327 Index 337 LIST OF MAPS Note as to the Maps. Instead of the usual bulky and cumbersome charts, which are difficult to handle and hard to use with the text, the Historical Sec- tion, U. S. Navy, has prepared diagrammatic maps that will open outside the book, to be available when the text is read. This scheme of maps was used in the author’s “A Guide to the Military History of The World War,” and it has been widely approved in the Services. 1. European Situation at Outbreak of World War, 1914 16 2. Distribution of Naval Forces at the Outbreak OF War, 1914 42 3. Situation in Mediterranean (August 6, 1914) AND ITS Results 90 4. Cruiser Operations in the Pacific, 1914 . 138 5. Battle of Coronel (November 1, 1914) .... 176 6. Battle of the Falkland Islands (December 8, 1914) 206 7. Northwestern Europe 238 8. The Dardanelles 284 THE NAVAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD WAR F M ' \ 'I .Kl ; CHAPTER I THE GERMAN “DRY-LAND” PLAN OF WAR (See Map at page 16) N any work on the naval operations of the World I War, it should be stated at once that the great Ger- man offensive of 1914 must be studied as an attempt to win a quick victory on land before Sea Power was given time to influence the result; in the words of Falken- hayn,^ the German “hope of forcing a decision by over- throwing our enemies by a few great blows, the product of an extreme concentration of effort and complete dis- regard of all secondary considerations.” This fact has been conclusively established by the bitter complaint of Admiral Tirpitz, the State Secretary of the German Imperial Naval Administration: “At the outbreak of the war I was surprised to learn that the Navy’s plan of operations, which had been withheld from me, had not been arranged in advance with the Army. The Army based itself on the view, quite compre- hensible from its standpoint, that the war at sea, and in- deed the whole campaign against England, was merely a secondary matter. Steps could have been taken before the war, under the control of the Chancellor, to draw up a single plan for a war on three fronts ^ or a world war * It has become the custom, even in books of German origin, to give the names Bismarck, Moltke, Hindenburg, and the like, without the prefix “ von.” To secure uniformity in a book of this nature, this practice will be followed in the case of all German names. ^ The German military plan of 1914 was described as “a war on two fronts ” by Bethmann-Hollweg. - 4 NAVAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD WAR but, as I have already stated, no such steps had been taken.” ^ All the volumes that can be written on the naval strategy of the World War will not be able to add any- thing to this unmistakable statement of the real situa- tion. To understand this utter failure on the part of the Germans to prepare in advance for an aggressive use of the naval arm, it is only necessary to realize the strange, abnormal development of Germany in the forty years before the World War, and the resultant military regime, which had assumed control of all the nation’s accumu- lated forces. d'he impetus of the united strength of the German Empire, evolved from the War of 1870, had never been appreciated by outside nations. For Germans the War of 1870 had become their text and their inspiration. d'hey had made it the foundation of their national struc- ture. d'he followinr; generations of Germans modeled the life of Germany, military, civic, commercial, scien- tific, and social, on the efficiency of the War of 1870. Their industries were shaped in the same mould, and their expanding foreign trade was so well organized that the Germans in the markets of the world were like in- vading armies. This all-pervading .system had also inevitably shaped the German ideals and the (ierman philosophies.^ It was maintained that this German Kultur was the strongest force in the world. This doctrine was preached with a fanatical contempt for weaker nations and all other modes of living. From these convictions had * Admiral Tirpitz: “My Mt-moirs.” ^ “Those who h.ad behind them the glories of 1870." — Bcthmann- Ilollweg. ’ The cult of Nietzsche, Trcitschkc, etc. GERMAN “DRY-LAND” PLAN OF WAR 5 grown a self-centred and self-justified German national ambition, which became a most dangerous menace to the world, after Germany had been allowed to gain strength and to muster all the resources of this system for an effort to gain dominion by arms. After the War of 1870 Germany had steadily gained power, under the shrewd policies of Bismarck, who skil- fully took advantage of the enmity between Great Brit- ain and Russia at the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877, and made Germany a dominating power in Europe at the Congress of Berlin (1878), at which the treaties were drawn up after that war. In 1879 the alliance be- tween Germany and Austria-Hungary had been made, which became the Triple Alliance when joined by Italy. But Great Britain was influenced by anti-Russian poli- cies, and in fact had even fostered the growth of Ger- many as a buffer against Russia. Taking full advantage of this, Germany was able to cement together the Teutonic countries, under the abso- lute control of Germany, to gain also dominating in- fluence over Turkey, and to make undisturbed prepara- tions for a German war to gain world power. These plans were made almost openly, and they were accom- panied by a campaign of propaganda all over the world, to strengthen German interests. It was not until the last years of the nineteenth century that Great Britain real- ized this menace — that Germany was not a “friendly nation,” ^ but a hostile rival. As a result of this dawning knowledge, enmity had re- placed friendship between Great Britain and Germany. The natural common interest in curbing this growing danger had drawn Great Britain, France, and Russia ‘ Lord Salisbury. G NAVAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD WAR together, and these three powers became the Entente Allies. Tills course of events had resulted in the European situation at the beginning of the World War in 1914, and this situation was greatly to the disadvantage of the En- tente Allies. Germany had been allowed to grow into a power that dominated Central Europe, fully organized for war and almost openly committed to ambitions that aimed at the leadership of the world. The Germans had taken shrewd advantage of the fact that the policies of 1878 had continued to maintain the Turks in their posi- tion on the Dardanelles, as a barrier against Russia.
Recommended publications
  • The Royal Naval Surgeons in the Battle of Coronel
    J Royal Naval Medical Service 2015, Vol 101.1 28 The Royal Naval surgeons in the battle of Coronel Dr D Mahan In Memoriam: the Royal Naval surgeons of HMS GOOD These men performed their duties right to the end and HOPE and HMS MONMOUTH. were fi nally laid to rest in the deep water that covers all and gradually erodes the glorious remains of sunken ships, Introduction until time fi nally dissolves them completely. Among these The battle of Coronel was the fi rst British defeat in the sailors we should, as fellow doctors, commemorate the First World War and is not often remembered. It played surgeons who, out of pure vocation or given the imperative out in the southern Pacifi c Ocean, off the coast of Chile. of serving their country, enlisted as offi cers in warships On 1 November 1914, the Royal Navy (RN) confronted to take care of the welfare of their crews and attend the a German squadron outside the port of Coronel (36º 59’ wounds of those fallen in combat. However, from the mid- 26.24’’ S, 73º 37’ 53.39’’ W), close to Chile’s second city 19th century, naval artillery acquired such an enormous of Concepción. The Germans won a resounding victory, destructive capacity, capable of penetrating even the most sinking two of the four British ships (HMS GOOD HOPE powerful armour plates, that during the short moments of and HMS MONMOUTH) with the loss of over 1600 naval engagement, shellfi re created such a terrible level of lives. The British responded quickly and forcefully.
    [Show full text]
  • German Sugar's Sticky Fingers Frederick Bernays Wiener Overshadowed by Aloha Tower, and on the Site of One of the Twin 21-Story
    German Sugar's Sticky Fingers Frederick Bernays Wiener Overshadowed by Aloha Tower, and on the site of one of the twin 21-story Amfac Towers on the Fort Street Mall, there originated one of the most memorable and unusual incidents of Hawaiian history. Amfac Inc., now a billion dollar conglomerate, is the successor at one remove to Hackfeld & Co. Ltd., which prior to 1918 was the center of German influence in the Pacific. Seized by the Alien Property Custodian in that year, Hackfeld & Co. was sold to a new group, American Factors Ltd. Beginning in 1920, the expropriated former stockholders recovered some or all of their seized property, after which they sued the purchasers, contending that the sale price fixed in 1918 had been grossly inadequate, that it was the result of a business conspiracy masquerading as patriotism. After eight years of struggle in the courts, where all their contentions were rejected, some of the former stockholders then sought to recoup their claimed losses from the United States Government. In the course of defending those new proceedings, the Government embarked on a relentless search, laboriously assembling and arranging bits and pieces of evidence from many persons in widely scattered places. Subsequently the United States established in those and further lawsuits, extending over another nine years, that the principal earlier recoveries had involved extensive and artfully contrived frauds; that a subordinate official, whose apparently fortuitous appearance on the scene was actually of determinative weight, had earlier been corrupted; and that two future Chief Justices of the United States, Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes and Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone, had each made a controlling mistake of law.
    [Show full text]
  • HMS Drake, Church Bay, Rathlin Island
    Wessex Archaeology HMS Drake, Church Bay, Rathlin Island Undesignated Site Assessment Ref: 53111.02r-2 December 2006 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES IN RELATION TO THE PROTECTION OF WRECKS ACT (1973) HMS DRAKE, CHURCH BAY, RATHLIN ISLAND UNDESIGNATED SITE ASSESSMENT Prepared by: Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park Salisbury Wiltshire SP4 6EB Prepared for: Environment and Heritage Service Built Heritage Directorate Waterman House 5-33 Hill St Belfast BT1 2LA December 2006 Ref: 53111.02r-2 © Wessex Archaeology Limited 2006 Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No.287786 HMS Drake: Undesignated Site Assessment Wessex Archaeology 53111.02r-2 HMS DRAKE, CHURCH BAY, RATHLIN ISLAND UNDESIGNATED SITE ASSESSMENT Ref.: 53111.02r-2 Summary Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Environment and Heritage Service: Built Heritage Directorate, to undertake an Undesignated Site Assessment of the wreck of HMS Drake. The site is located in Church Bay, Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland, at latitude 55º 17.1500′ N, longitude 06° 12.4036′ W (WGS 84). The work was undertaken as part of the Contract for Archaeological Services in Relation to the Protection of Wrecks Act (1973). Work was conducted in accordance with a brief that required WA to locate archaeological material, provide an accurate location for the wreck, determine the extent of the seabed remains, identify and characterise the main elements of the site and assess the remains against the non-statutory criteria for designation. Diving operations took place between 28th July and 5th August 2006. In addition to the diver assessment a limited desk-based assessment has been undertaken in order to assist with the interpretation and reporting of the wreck.
    [Show full text]
  • Guns Blazing! Newsletter of the Naval Wargames Society No
    All Guns Blazing! Newsletter of the Naval Wargames Society No. 241 – NOVEMBER 2014 Poppies have been added each day to the moat of The Tower of London from 1st August to Remembrance Day. These photographs were taken in September. 1 Albert Willis, a Chelsea Pensioner, Beefeater Paul Cunliffe, and Captain Joe Robinson, an officer in the Grenadier Guards, paid their respects to the fallen of the First World War at the extraordinary artwork. The artwork, Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red, was created to mark the centenary of the start of the Great War. It will eventually include 888,246 ceramic poppies to represent all British or colonial military fatalities of the conflict. It is being created in the moat at the Tower of London and some proceeds from the sale of poppies will go to charity. Dating back to the 17th Century, the Chelsea Pensioners - famous for their red tunic - are members of the retirement and nursing home for former members of the British Army at the Royal Hospital Chelsea, south west London. Beefeaters – or Yeomen Warders of Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London, to give them their correct title – are former Army personnel who are the ceremonial guardians of the fortress-turned-tourist attraction. The Grenadier Guards, which date back to 1656, is the most senior regiment of the British infantry. It has a proud history fighting in warzones and guarding the Royal Palaces. Taken from the viewing floor at the top of The Shard, this photo (with maximum zoom) gives a Stuka pilot’s view of HMS BELFAST.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © 2016 by Bonnie Rose Hudson
    Copyright © 2016 by Bonnie Rose Hudson Select graphics used by permission of Teachers Resource Force. All Rights Reserved. This book may not be reproduced or transmitted by any means, including graphic, electronic, or mechanical, without the express written consent of the author except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews and those uses expressly described in the following Terms of Use. You are welcome to link back to the author’s website, http://writebonnierose.com, but may not link directly to the PDF file. You may not alter this work, sell or distribute it in any way, host this file on your own website, or upload it to a shared website. Terms of Use: For use by a family, this unit can be printed and copied as many times as needed. Classroom teachers may reproduce one copy for each student in his or her class. Members of co-ops or workshops may reproduce one copy for up to fifteen children. This material cannot be resold or used in any way for commercial purposes. Please contact the publisher with any questions. ©Bonnie Rose Hudson WriteBonnieRose.com 2 World War I Notebooking Unit The World War I Notebooking Unit is a way to help your children explore World War I in a way that is easy to personalize for your family and interests. In the front portion of this unit you will find: How to use this unit List of 168 World War I battles and engagements in no specific order Maps for areas where one or more major engagements occurred Notebooking page templates for your children to use In the second portion of the unit, you will find a list of the battles by year to help you customize the unit to fit your family’s needs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Royal Navy and Yapton's Stokers
    West Sussex & the Great War Project www.westsussexpast.org.uk The Royal Navy and Yapton’s Stokers The Great War. Volume 9 1917 The Amalgamated Press. Edited by H W Wilson. By Jim (the Barn) Payne © Jim Payne and West Sussex County Council 1 West Sussex & the Great War Project www.westsussexpast.org.uk When most people, myself included, begin to look at the Great War, we tend to read of the great land battles. Ypres, Gallipoli, Verdun or the Somme. Although most will know of the great battles at sea, they do not feature high in the history books in comparison, neither is information so readily available. When I started to research the War Memorial Plaque in St. Mary’s Church Yapton, I hadn’t given a lot of thought to the sailors that had died. We have seven named on the memorial, six of who’m were stokers. This is signified by the prefix K on their service numbers. So, are stokers “just fella’s that threw coal into a furnace? All our boys were regular servicemen, having joined up several years prior to the start of the war. Once they had completed their initial training, parade drill, naval history, housekeeping and rifle drill, they were assigned to His Majesty’s Ship (HMS) Victory II. Victory was a land based training establishment for stokers and engine artificers, based in Portsmouth. In 1915, Victory was transferred to Crystal Palace South London, and re-located to Portsmouth at the end of the war. Here they would have to study the “Stokers Manual” a one hundred page book setting out the basics of Boilers, Furnaces, Engines, Turbines and the registering of Temperature, Steam, Oil and Water gauges.
    [Show full text]
  • Coronel & the Falkland Islands
    DREADNOUGHTS & BATTLEWAGONS FOLIO GAME EXCLUSIVE RULES CORONEL & THE FALKLAND ISLANDS CONTENTS 12.0 BATTLE OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS 10.0 INTRODUCTION Compass: Place the compass marker in hex 0101 pointed at the “1” hexside 11.0 BATTLE OF CORONEL position. 12.0 BATTLE OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS Game Length (8 December 1914): The British player is the first player. The game lasts ten turns. 10.0 INTRODUCTION Set Up These Exclusive Rules simulate the Battle of Coronel off Chile in which Britain (Admiral Sturdee’s Squadron): All ships are heading northeast the German East Asia Squadron, commanded by Vice-Admiral von Spee, at standard speed and not conducting evasive action. decimated the British 4th Cruiser Squadron, commanded by Rear-Admiral Invincible: Hex 1110 Kent: Hex 0810 Cradock in November 1914. The British then dispatched a more powerful Inflexible: Hex 1010 Glasgow: Hex 1209 force to hunt down and obliterate the German force, resulting in the Battle Cornwall: Hex 0911 Carnarvon: Hex 0711 of the Falkland Islands. Germany (East Asia Squadron): All ships are heading southeast at standard speed and not conducting evasive action. 11.0 BATTLE OF CORONEL Scharnhorst: Hex 1118 Leipzig: Hex 1018 Compass: Place the compass marker in hex 0101 pointed at the “1” hexside Gneisenau: Hex 0816 Nurnberg: Hex 0817 position (indicating North). Dresden: Hex 1218 Game Length (1 November 1914): The game begins with the Movement Special Rules: Torpedo range is four not six hexes. The “-1” modifier is Phase of the first game turn. The German player is the first player. The game applied at a range of three to four.
    [Show full text]
  • June 28: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Heir to the Throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and His Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, Are Assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia
    1914 June 28: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, are assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia. June 29: Secretary of the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belgrade sends dispatch to Vienna accusing Serbian complicity in the assassination. July 20: Austria-Hungary sends troops to the Serbian frontier. July 25: Serbia orders mobilisation of troops. Russia arranges for troops to be stationed on Russo-Austrian frontier. July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. July 29: Great Britain warns Germany that it cannot remain neutral. Austrians bombard Serbian capital Belgrade. German troops advance to the French border. August 1: French military mobilisation ordered. Germany declares war on Russia. Italy announces neutrality. Belgium announces neutrality. August 3: Germany declares war on France. Great Britain gives order for troops to mobilise. August 4: Germany declares war on Belgium. United States declares neutrality. Great Britain gives Austria-Hungary ultimatum to stand down from hostilities. When Austria-Hungary doesn't comply a state of war is declared at 11.00pm August 6: Royal Navy cruiser HMS Amphion is sunk by German mines in the North Sea, causing the death of 150 men and the first British casualties of war. August 7: First members of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) land in France. August 11: 'Your King and Country Need You' slogan is published, calling for the first 100,000 men to enlist for Kitchener's New Army. Demand is met within two weeks. August 13: The first squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps arrive in France.
    [Show full text]
  • The War at Sea Was What Made the First World War a Truly Global Conflict
    THE WAR AT SEA 1914 - 1918 The war at sea was what made the First World War a truly global conflict. Whilst most of the fighting on land took place in Europe and around the Mediterranean, naval battles took place as far away as the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Throughout the war, the Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy faced each other across the North Sea. With a stalemate on the Western Front, both sides sought to deliver a knockout blow to their opponents at sea. 1914 28 July: Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Preparing for War 4 August: Britain declares war on Germany 23 August: Battle of Mons (first battle The Royal Navy was well prepared for the First World War. During a lengthy arms race in the between Britain and Germany) preceding decades, Britain had built the largest fleet in the world. 28 August: First Battle of Heligoland Bight By August 1914, the Royal Navy had 28 modern capital ships and 41 older Victorian-era (Britain establishes dominance in North Sea) battleships that, although obsolete, still represented an impressive maritime force. Facing this, 14 September: Trench warfare begins the Imperial Germany Navy could only field 18 modern capital ships and 22 older battleships. 17 September: Fisgard II sinks under tow; first loss in study area. Early in the war, Britain established a distant blockade of Germany’s ports. Britain controlled 1 November: Battle of Coronel both shores of the Dover Straits and the strong presence of the Royal Navy’s Grand Fleet at 2 November: Britain establishes naval Scapa Flow prevented the German High Seas fleet from breaking out of the North Sea and blockade of Germany into the Atlantic.
    [Show full text]
  • “The Battles of Coronel and Falkland Islands” (1927)
    BFI LONDON FILM FESTIVAL ARCHIVE GALA SCREENING:- “The Battles of Coronel and Falkland Islands” (1927) Sailors greet a sister ship on the high seas: The Battles of Coronel and Falkland Islands (1927) Embargoed until 12 noon, Thursday 21st August 2014. The BFI National Archive is pleased to announce that the world premiere of a new restoration of a major British silent film, The Battles of Coronel and Falkland Islands (1927) will be unveiled as the BFI London Film Festival Archive gala screening, presented in in partnership with American Express®, on 16th October 2014, at the Queen Elizabeth Hall followed by a nationwide release in cinemas, with a simultaneous release on BFI Player and later issued on BFI DVD. This virtually unknown film offers a stunning recreation of two key battles faced by the Royal Navy in the early days of World War One, almost exactly a century ago. The battle of Coronel took place on 1st November 1914 and the battle of the Falkland Islands on 8th December 1914.. The first major engagement between German and British ships at Coronel was a terrible defeat for Britain with the loss of two warships achieved by Admiral Graf von Spee. Later the British responded in a desperate bid to save the morale of a nation at war. The film will have a stirring new score, commissioned from award-winning composer, Simon Dobson, whose previous work includes a musical commemoration of the Penlee lifeboat tragedy. The score will be performed, appropriately, by 24 members of the Band of Her Majesty’s Royal Marines in honour of the 24 members of the band who lost their lives with the sinking of HMS Monmouth at the battle of Coronel.
    [Show full text]
  • Almanac 9/10/01 9:30 AM Page 1
    WWIAlmanac 9/10/01 9:30 AM Page 1 World War I Almanac WWIAlmanac 9/10/01 9:30 AM Page 3 World War I Almanac Tom Pendergast and Sara Pendergast Christine Slovey, Editor WWI_Alm.FM.qxp2 9/20/2001 9:58 AM Page iv Tom Pendergast Sara Pendergast Staff Christine Slovey, U•X•L Senior Editor Elizabeth Shaw Grunow, U•X•L Contributing Editor Carol DeKane Nagel, U•X•L Managing Editor Tom Romig, U•X•L Publisher Shalice Shah-Caldwell, Permissions Associate (Pictures) Robyn Young, Imaging and Multimedia Content Editor Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Rita Wimberly, Senior Buyer Evi Seoud, Assistant Manager, Composition Purchasing and Electronic Prepress Pamela A.E. Galbreath, Senior Art Designer Jennifer Wahi, Art Designer orld War I: Almanac orld War Linda Mahoney, LM Design, Typesetting Cover Photos: Woman welder, reproduced courtesy of the Library of W Congress; United States Army Signal Corps, reproduced by permission of AP/Wide World Photos; Celebrating the Armistice, reproduced by permission of the Corbis Corporation (Bellevue). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pendergast, Tom. World War I almanac / Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast ; edited by Christine Slovey. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-7876-5476-0 (alk. paper) 1. World War, 1914-1918. I. Title: World War One almanac. II. Title: World War 1 almanac. III. Pendergast, Sara. IV. Slovey, Christine. V. Title. D521 .P37 2001 940.3—dc21 2001053012 This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copy- right laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws.
    [Show full text]
  • Brave Record Issue 5 Coronel
    Issue 5 Page !1 Brave Record Castlerock link to major naval battle off Chile St George’s Cathedral, Falkland Islands ! The Battle of Coronel was fought on 1st November, 1914. Some 1,418 men were lost in HMMonmouth and HMS Good Hope, the flagship of Admiral Sir Christoper Craddock. Northern Ireland - Service in the Royal Navy - In Remembrance Issue 5 Page !2 The War Memorial in Castlerock Parish Church provides a Northern Ireland link with other memorials to this battle which are in Stanley Cathedral in the Falkland Islands, in the Anglican Church of St John in the Chilean city of Conception and in the 21st May Plaza Coronel. The Castlerock link is a young Midshipman, Gervase Bruce, who was the grandson of Major Sir Harvey and Lady Bruce of Downhill, whose well-known estate is now owned by the National Trust and includes the Mussenden Temple. Gervase Bruce was only 15 years of age when he died for his King and Country. Sadly his mother, Lady Paget, had died when he was 10 years of age. The Bruce family were descendants of Frederick Hervey, the 4th Earl of Bristol, and the C of I Bishop of Derry (1768 - 1803) who built Downhill. Gervase’s great-uncle, Hugh Bruce, served with the navy at the Battle of Trafalgar. Hugh Bruce’s home was the second stately house to be built by the Earl Bishop. It was at Ballyscullion near Belllaghy. Admiral Hugh Bruce was one of the key figures in the planning and delivery of the Dreadnought programme in the early 1900’s.
    [Show full text]