LONGMONT FIRE

Risk Assessment and Standards of Cover 2019

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 1

1

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 2

2

This page intentionally left blank

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 3

3

Acknowledgements

Longmont City Council Mayor Brian Bagley Mayor Pro Tem Polly Christensen Representative Bonnie Finley Representative Marcia Martin Representative Joan Peck Representative Aren Rodriguez Representative Tim Waters

Longmont City Manager Harold Dominguez

Longmont Public Safety Chief Mike Butler

Risk Assessment Standard of Cover Committee Deputy Public Safety Chief Jerrod Vanlandingham Assistant Chief Dan Higgins Assistant Chief John Weaver Assistant Chief Dan Ditirro Fire Marshal Captain Michele Goldman EMS Lieutenant/Paramedic John Michael Lieutenant Mike Becker Lieutenant Cyndi Fronapfel Engineer Erin Lehman Firefighter Stewart Visser Firefighter/Paramedic Steven Parker

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 4

4

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ...... Page 4

Executive Summary …...... Page 6

Definitions …...... Page 7

Part 1 Introduction/ Purpose …...... Page 8

Part 2 Community Served …...... Page 10

Part 3 Current Situational Status …...... Page 18

Part 4 Planning Zones …...... Page 39

Part 5 Risk by Category and Methodology …...... Page 45

Part 6 Risk Analysis by Planning Zones …...... Page 69

Part 7 Critical Tasking and Effective Response Force Recommendations ...... Page 88

Appendices …...... Page 101

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 5

5

Executive Summary

The Longmont Division of Fire, within the Department of Public Safety is committed to serving the community by protecting life, property and the environment through preparation, prevention and response. This document is the culmination of internal and external stakeholder groups, data collection, analysis and many committee meetings to help the fire department achieve its mission. In order for Longmont Fire to provide an efficient, effective, well equipped, and well trained response force it must continually evaluate the operations.

The Longmont Division of Fire will continue to strive for excellence in accordance with the City Charter and its Mission. This document will help the organization identify risks, determine commensurate level of service, and continually evaluate its response over time. This document is designed to be updated and re-evaluated as the community and organization changes.

Through the strategic planning process, the community and subject matter experts have agreed upon the priorities of providing a safety net of reactive services along with preventative services that best provides for having a safe community. This document presents opportunities in both reactive and preventative services.

Part 1 of the document further explains the purpose. Part 2 is an environmental scan of the community served. Part 3 lays out Fire Services current situational status of what types of services are provided and how it responds to calls for service. Part 4 identifies Longmont’s planning zones. Part 5 is an overview of the methodology and risk assessment for each risk within the community as it pertains to fire, emergency medical services, hazmat, technical rescue, wildland and codes and planning. Part 6 drills down on the risks within each of the six planning zones. Finally, Part 7 is the Recommendations section that identifies specific response matrixes and ideas that are needed in order to maintain the current level of service as well as evolve along with the growing community.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 6

6

Definitions

Baseline- Historical performance

Benchmark- Goal

CAD- Computer Aided Dispatch

Concentration- All resources that fill the alarm. Response time clock stops when all units arrive

CFAI- Center for Fire Accreditation International

Critical Tasking- Assignments needed on the incident to stabilize the situation

Distribution- First arriving resource. Response time clock stops when this unit arrives

Effective Response Force (ERF) - The amount of personnel and equipment needed to stabilize the incident within the desired time frame

EMD- Emergency Medical Dispatching

ISO- Insurance Service Office; the entity responsible for evaluating and assigning community fire protection rating

NFPA- National Fire Protection Agency

Reliability- System capacity to absorb total call volume

Unit Capability- Unit staffing, pump capacity, tools and equipment of each unit

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 7

7

Part 1 Introduction/Purpose

One of the issues the fire service has historically faced is how to define the levels of service for the community it serves. There have been many attempts to create a standard methodology for determining the exact number of firefighters, fire stations or fire inspectors a community needs. In 2001, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) proposed a deployment standard that was successfully adopted as NFPA 1710. This national deployment standard does not, however, recognize local issues, conditions, service demands or community needs. Additionally, very few departments in this country can meet the response time and staffing levels outlined in the standard, including the City of Longmont. Hence, many fire service professionals view this deployment model as a goal.

As part of the Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI) process, a Risk Assessment and Standards of Cover (RASOC) document must be developed and adopted by the agency having jurisdiction. Like NFPA 1710, the RASOC outlines an agency’s service level objectives; however, it uses a systems approach to deployment rather than a one-size- fits-all prescriptive formula. In a comprehensive approach, each agency should be able to match local need (risks and expectations) with the costs of various levels of service. As Longmont Fire Services proceeded to establish its service level goals, it did so based on national standards such as NFPA 1710, the CFAI accreditation model, and the Insurance Service Office (ISO) Grading schedule. The City of Longmont now has an ISO Rating of 2 with 1 being the best and 10 being the worst.

This RASOC document is a rational and systematic way of looking at the basic services provided by Longmont Fire. The purpose of this document is to provide a system which will assist with:

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 8

8

 Assessing fire and non-fire risks within the City of Longmont  Defining baseline and benchmark emergency response performance standards  Planning future station locations  Determining apparatus and staffing patterns  Evaluating workload and ideal unit utilization  Measuring service delivery performance  Supporting strategic planning and policy development relative to resource procurement and allocation

The Standard of Cover process consists of seven parts: 1. Introduction and Purpose 2. Community Served- boundaries, location, demographics, climate, infrastructure 3. Current situational status 4. Planning Zones 5. Risk by category and methodology 6. Risk Analysis by planning zone 7. Recommendations

This document is designed to provide elected officials and residents with information on fire service operations and integrated risk management planning. It is a legacy document that will help guide the organization in future strategic and master planning.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 9

9

Part 2 Community Served

Longmont, Colorado, located within Boulder County, is a city with 22 square miles, more than 300 days of sunshine and a spectacular vista of the Rocky Mountains. Longmont sits at an elevation of 4,979 feet above sea level. With more than 1,500 acres of parks and open space, Longmont is perfect for outdoor enthusiasts. Longmont is also home to several high-tech companies and a vibrant restaurant scene. It is conveniently located near Denver, Boulder and Rocky Mountain National Park.

Did you know?  Longmont named one of the "Best Places to Live" in 2006 and 2008 by CNN/Money Magazine and in 2014 by 24/7 Wall St.  Longmont named an "All-America City" in 2006.  Longmont has won multiple awards for its civic leadership.  Visit Longmont! is the Longmont Area Visitors Association website and can help with travel plans.  According to the Software & Information Industry Association, the Boulder/Longmont area has the highest concentration of software-related jobs in the nation.  Longmont is located within Boulder County. Compared with the other cities in the county, Longmont has the highest number of people who both live and work in the city.  Astronaut Vance Brand was born in Longmont, and graduated from Longmont High School. Longmont's Vance Brand municipal airport is named after him.  The first store to carry the JCPenney name was located in Longmont.  An expedition, headed by Major Stephen H. Long, explored the area's St. Vrain River valley in 1820. The word "Longmont" is a combination of his name and "mont" from the French word for mountain.  The City of Longmont was founded in 1871 by members of the Chicago-Colorado Colony who settled in the valley. For more information on the history of Longmont, see the Historic Longmont page or visit the Longmont Museum and Cultural Center.

Longmont is a diverse, multicultural and welcoming city, one in which it's easy for people to make connections, do business, and to thrive as part of the community. As home to many customs and cultures, it's easy for residents and visitors to find fellowship with others of similar backgrounds and to explore and join in traditions that are new or foreign. The many nonprofit, civic and cultural organizations of Longmont welcome new people to become involved, and there is opportunity to find others with whom to share almost any interest. Not only do "you belong in Longmont" if you’re looking for a welcoming hometown or business location, but "when you’re in Longmont, you belong."

Governance Model The City of Longmont is a council/manager form of government. A seven member Council governs the City. The Mayor is elected to serve a two-year term and each Council member is elected to serve a four-year term. The Mayor and Council members are the leaders and policy makers in the community elected to represent various segments of the community and to concentrate on policy issues that are responsive to residents' needs and wishes. The council hires a City Manager who acts as the Chief Executive Officer for the City. In May of 2018, the City Council met in their annual retreat to establish their vision, goals and ultimate work plan.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 10

10

The City Council's vision for Longmont 1. PEOPLE: In 20 years, Longmont will be the world’s greatest village, where children are most fortunate to be born and raised, where people will have access to food and shelter, and where everyone has the opportunity to thrive and feel that they belong.

2. PLACES: In 20 years, Longmont will have a developed Main Street from Pike Road to Highway 66 and a river corridor that stretches from the sugar mill to the fairgrounds providing a vibrant economic, residential, cultural and entertainment epicenter that is sustainable and respects the natural environment.

Boundaries and Surrounding Jurisdictions The general boundaries of the City of Longmont are Highway 66 on the north, County Line Road to the east, 75th St to the west and Plateau to the south with several areas that push beyond. The Fire Department covers about 27 square miles. The average area for each station to cover is 4.5 square miles of high density.

The surrounding jurisdictions are Mountain View Fire Protection District to the north, east, south and southwest. Hygiene Fire is on the west side. The City of Longmont has auto and mutual aid agreements with all surrounding jurisdictions to include; Mountain View Fire Protection District, Hygiene, Frederick Firestone Fire Protection District, Berthoud, Lafayette, Louisville, City of Boulder, Boulder Rural Fire Protection District and Rocky Mountain Fire Protection District.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 11

11

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 12

12

The following map identifies where the current fire stations are located

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 13

13

Topography Longmont is located in northeastern Boulder County at 40°10′18″N 105°06′33″W / 40.171583°N 105.109085°W / 40.171583; -105.109085. The city extends eastward into western Weld County. The elevation at City Hall is 4,978 feet (1,517 m) above sea level.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Longmont has a total area of 27.6 square miles (71.6 km2), of which 26.2 square miles (67.8 km2) is land and 1.5 square miles (3.8 km2), or 5.30%, is water.

Climate Climate in Longmont, Colorado  Longmont, Colorado gets 14 inches of rain, on average, per year. The US average is 39 inches of rain per year.  Longmont averages 41 inches of snow per year. The US average is 26 inches of snow per year.  On average, there are 247 sunny days per year in Longmont. The US average is 205 sunny days.  Summer High: the July high is around 89 degrees  Winter Low: the January low is 15

Sperling's Comfort Index for Longmont is a 67 out of 100 A higher score indicates a more comfortable year-round climate. The US average for the comfort index is 54. The index is based on the total number of days annually within the comfort range of 70-80 degrees, and we also applied a penalty for days of excessive humidity.

Longmont gets some kind of precipitation, on average, 79 days per year. Precipitation is rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground. In order for precipitation to be counted there must be at least .01 inches on the ground to measure.

Population and Density Longmont, CO has a population of 98,719 and is the 360th largest city in the United States. The population density is 3,295 per sq. mi which is 6519% higher than the Colorado average and 3537% higher than the national average. The median age in Longmont is 37 which is approximately 1% higher than the Colorado average of 36. In Longmont, 56% of the population over 15 years of age are married, 79% speak English and 17% speak Spanish. 40% of Longmont residents were born in Colorado, 47% were born out of state, 1% were born outside of the United States and 12% were foreign born.

Community Transportation Longmont is part of the Regional Transportation District (RTD) that provides local and regional bus service to Denver and Boulder. Outside of RTD, Longmont is connected to Fort Collins, Loveland, and Berthoud via a FLEX regional bus service.

In 2012, Longmont was recognized by the League of American Bicyclists as a silver-level bicycle-friendly community. Longmont is one of 38 communities in the United States to be recognized with this distinction. It is the only city in Colorado placed at the silver level that is not a major tourist center or a university city.

Railway The main railway line is owned by BNSF and enters the southwest portion of the city near Hwy 119 and Hover. The line continues northeast and crosses Hwy 119 (Ken Pratt Blvd) near Nelson Rd and eventually aligns with 1st Ave. The line follows 1st Ave to Atwood and heads straight north through the entire city. This line separates the city from east to west

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 14

14

and can cause delays in response multiple times during the day. We know that the cargo carries multiple types of materials that can be harmful to the community if spilled, but have been unable to acquire specifics and quantities.

Roads/Hwy U.S. Highway 287 (Main Street) runs through the center of the city, leading north 16 miles (26 km) to Loveland and south 37 miles (59 km) to downtown Denver. State Highway 119, also known as “The Diagonal”, passes through the city south of downtown and leads southwest 16 miles (25 km) to Boulder and east 5 miles (8 km) to Interstate 25. Ute Highway, also known as Hwy 66, runs east and west on the north side between I-25 and Lyons, CO. Other major corridor roads running north and south are County Line Road and Pace St on the east side of the city, and Hover, also known as 95th St, and 75th St on the west side of the city. Major corridor roads running east and west are 23rd Ave, 21st Ave, 17th Ave, Mountain View Ave, 9th Ave, Longs Peak Ave, 3rd Ave, Ken Pratt Parkway, and Pike Road.

Airport Vance Brand Airport (LMO) is a city-owned, public-use airport located three miles southwest of the central business district of Longmont. The Airport is named after former NASA astronaut Vance Brand who grew up in Longmont. It is one of the most popular general aviation airports of its kind in Colorado. Vance Brand Airport covers an area of 261 acres at an elevation of 5,052 feet above sea level (1,539 meters). It has one runway designated 11/29 with a concrete surface measuring 4,800 by 75 feet (1,463 x 23 m). The Latitude/Longitude is: 40-09-49.217N / 105-09-46.933W.

Community Infrastructure Along with real estate costs, utility rates and availability have a significant impact on the operating costs of businesses. Reliable and affordable utilities are critical for a range of manufacturing, data processing, and other technology operations. Even larger professional services firms may make location decisions based on competitive electric rates.

With a public owned utility, Longmont offers some of the lowest electric rates in the region and country. Longmont voters also approved expansion of the city’s fiber optic broadband network, one of the few high-speed networks in the country and highly affordable due to public ownership. This asset makes Longmont one of the most competitive locations for high-tech and data-centered businesses on internet speeds alone. This reaffirms the city’s dedication to being at the forefront of technological innovation. PC Magazine has recognized Longmont as having the “Fastest Internet Speeds in the Nation” in 2017.

Longmont has competitive transportation access for businesses and residents, with the shortest commutes among benchmarked regions, access to the interstate highway system, and proximity to Denver International Airport, one of the largest airports in the country. The average commute time for Longmont residents was 21.9 minutes, below the national, state and county averages. In addition to spending less time in traffic, 4% of Longmont residents take public transportation to work, which is below national and Boulder County averages, but the same as the Denver MSA and above state averages.

Water Supply including rivers/canals Longmont has a varied and extensive portfolio of water rights that include decrees for pipelines, storage reservoirs, irrigation rights, and contract rights as well as conditional decrees and applications filed in Water Court for additional decrees. The St Vrain River, a tributary of the South Platte, flows through the city just south of the city center. Left Hand Creek and Boulder Creek are other river ways through the city.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 15

15

Water Rights Inventory and Acquisition Water Rights are acquired primarily through implementation of the Raw Water Requirement Policy, which was adopted by the City Council in 1964. This policy provides the method whereby the City will acquire water rights in such quantity and of such quality as to provide a safe and reliable water supply for present and future water users under a wide range of hydrologic conditions. This policy provides the method in which the owners of properties with insufficient historic water rights to meet the requirements of the Raw Water Requirement Policy may satisfy the requirements in the policy by the payment of cash-in-lieu of water rights.

Longmont & Ralph Price Reservoirs

Button Rock Preserve is located in a quiet river valley about 7 miles west of Lyons. Within this walk-in only preserve you will find Longmont and Ralph Price Reservoirs along the North Saint Vrain Creek. Longmont manages this natural watershed and reservoirs to preserve the resource and provide storage for the City's water utility. The preserve creates a unique experience for visitors, providing opportunities to view wildlife, the natural environment, and water management facilities at a close level.

Union Reservoir

Union Reservoir, formally known as Calkin's Lake, is located approximately 3 miles east of Longmont on Weld County Road 26. Like most reservoirs along the front range of Colorado, Union Reservoir was built to supplement irrigation water supplies. Water from the reservoir is primarily used to irrigate farms along the South Platte River south of Greeley, Colorado. The Union Reservoir Company, which is a private irrigation company, owns the land inundated by the reservoir along with an additional 90 acres of dry land surrounding the Reservoir. Included in this 90 acres is a perimeter buffer that is an average of 50 foot in width. Through the purchase of shares in Union Reservoir and through the transfer of shares to the City as a result of the Raw Water Requirement Policy, the City has become the majority owner of the shares of Union Reservoir. Currently, the City owns 85% of the shares in the Union Reservoir Company.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 16

16

Planned Enlargement of Union Reservoir In 1986, the City of Longmont applied for and subsequently received a conditional decree for the enlargement of Union Reservoir. The proposed enlargement will increase the reservoir from its current 12,000 acre feet capacity an additional 20,000 acre feet to a total of 32,000 acre feet. The increased capacity in the Reservoir would provide the City with additional water storage capacity, better water exchange possibilities, and storage space for reuse water. Local area residents will benefit by having a reservoir that will have a greater surface area and there will be less water fluctuation per acre foot of water released along with providing additional recreational opportunities.

In order to preserve the ability to enlarge Union Reservoir in the future, the first step in the enlargement project is the acquisition of the property needed for the enlargement of the Reservoir. The purpose for purchasing this property is to preserve the ability to enlarge Union Reservoir in the future. In 1996, the City of Longmont City Council approved a land acquisition and finance plan for the purchase of property around Union Reservoir. This process is estimated to take from 10 to 20 years. Property is currently being purchased on a willing seller/willing buyer basis. The City has purchased approximately 265 acres of property and purchased a number of parcels around the reservoir. In accordance with the land management plan that was adopted by City Council, land that is purchased by the City is being leased for agricultural purposes. All access to the reservoir is from the main recreation entrance on Weld County Rd. 26.

Windy Gap Firming Project In cooperation with other communities and water districts, Longmont is participating in the development of a new raw water storage reservoir to be constructed west of Carter Lake, referred to as the Windy Gap Firming Project. The purpose of the reservoir is to capture and store Windy Gap water, which the City already has a right in, to improve the reliability of this supply. The project will provide storage capacity to meet current and future water supply needs.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 17

17

Part 3 Current Situational Status

Department of Public Safety and Fire Services In 2008, the Fire Chief retired and the organizational structure was transformed into one Public Safety Department. On Oct. 29, 2012, the Public Safety Department took on a different shape again to the current model. There are now three Deputy Public Safety Chiefs and one Assistant Public Safety Chief reporting to the Public Safety Chief. A number of previously independent service groups have been combined. These adjustments have been made to emphasize and promote teamwork and interdependent relationships for a true Public Safety Department. The reorganization brought about a number of efficiencies and consolidations of service.

The four Divisions within the Department are:

FIRE SERVICES (Deputy Public Safety Chief) - This group consists of all Operations staff that provides fire and medical services, including staff at all six fire stations, medical direction for the department, Fire Codes and Planning, and the Longmont Emergency Communications Center. POLICE SERVICES (Deputy Public Safety Chief) - This group consists of all Operations staff that provides police services as well as the Longmont Emergency Communications Center. This division includes Patrol, Detectives, and Specialized Operations. SUPPORT SERVICES (Deputy Public Safety Chief) - This group provides support to the entire department through Logistics (fleet and facilities), Information Technology (IT), Records Management, Training and Personnel, and also manages the Firing Range.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 18

18

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND RESILIENCE (Assistant Public Safety Chief) - This group provides city wide emergency management (OEM), CORE (Co Responder Unit), LEAD (Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion), Volunteer Services, Public Outreach/Engagement, and Victim Services.

The following organizational charts identify the structure within the City of Longmont, the Department of Public Safety, and the Fire Services Division.

City of Longmont

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 19

19

Department of Public Safety

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 20

20

Fire Services Division

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 21

21

Fire Services The Fire Services Division’s primary purpose, as reflected in its mission statement is “to serve the community by protecting life, property and the environment through preparation, prevention and response.” Thus, division personnel concentrate on protecting life, property and the environment through fire suppression, emergency medical, hazardous materials response, technical rescue services, and codes and planning.

Facilities

Safety and Justice Center

Fire Administration is located within the Safety and Justice Center located at 225 Kimbark Street. Fire Administration is home to the Fire Services Division which includes Operations and Codes and Planning. Also housed at the Safety and Justice Center is Public Safety Support Services, the Longmont Police Services Division, the Public Safety Chief’s Office and Municipal Courts. The building was constructed in 1993.

Fire Station 1

Fire Station 1 is located at 1070 Terry St, was constructed in 2009 and houses 10-11 staff. Engine 2101, Truck 2116, Omega 16, Assistant Chief 2164, and American Medical Response (AMR) 2121 all run out of this house. The station also has reserve and specialty apparatus AMR 2122, Wildland 2131, and Heavy Rescue 2151. Being in the center of the city, Station 1 is the busiest station with 8,001 total unit responses with AMR 2121 being the busiest ambulance in the city with 3,323 responses in 2018. Engine 2101 is the Technical Rescue Engine and is the second busiest in the city with 1,985 responses in 2018. This section of the city is high density commercial, and residential.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 22

22

Fire Station 2

Fire Station 2 is located at 2300 Mountain View Ave, was constructed in 1967 and houses 3-4 staff. Engine 2102 runs out of this house. The station also has reserve and specialty apparatus Brush 2132 and Engine 2108. Station 2 covers the northwest section of the city which is high density residential and moderate commercial including several senior living facilities and Longmont United Hospital. In 2018 a city bond issue was passed which includes replacing this station with a new Station 2 in a nearby location near 17th and Hover. Station 2 ran 1,738 total unit responses in 2018.

Fire Station 3

Fire Station 3 is located at 1000 Pace Street, was constructed in 2003 and houses 3-4 staff. Engine 2103 runs out of this house. The station also has reserve and specialty apparatus Brush 2133, Truck 2117, AMR 2123. Station 3 covers the east section of the city which is high density residential, and moderate commercial including the Hwy 119 corridor and Longs Peak Hospital. Station 3 ran 1,343 total unit responses in 2018.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 23

23

Fire Station 4

Fire Station 4 is located at 501 23rd Ave, was constructed in 1996 and houses 5-6 staff. Engine 2104, and AMR 2124 run out of this house. Station 4 covers the north end of the city which is high density residential, and high commercial with several senior living facilities and the Hwy 66 corridor. Station 4 ran 4,758 total unit responses in 2018 with Engine 2104 being the busiest engine in the city at 2,024 responses.

Fire Station 5

Fire Station 5 is located at 617 Barberry Drive, was constructed in 2001 and houses 3-4 staff. Engine 2105 runs out of this house. Specialty apparatus HazMat 2155, and Air/Light 2157 are also housed here. Station 5 covers the south west section of the city which is high density residential and moderate commercial including Vance Brand Airport and Village at the Peaks shopping area. Station 5 ran 1,127 total unit responses in 2018.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 24

24

Fire Station 6

Fire Station 6 is located at 501 South Pratt Parkway, was constructed in 1973 and houses 5-6 staff. Engine 2106 and AMR 2126 run out of this house. Reserve apparatus Engine 2107, Engine 2109 and AMR 2125 are also housed here. Station 6 covers the south end of the city which includes high density residential, commercial, moderate industrial and includes South Main St (Hwy 287) and Hwy 119. In 2018 a city bond issue was passed which includes replacing this station with a new Station 6 at this same location. Station 6 ran 4,268 total unit responses in 2018 with Engine 2106 at 1,649 responses.

Training Center

The Boulder County Fire Training Center, Longmont Campus is located at 111 1st Ave in Longmont, Colorado. The Longmont campus was constructed in 2006. This center serves as the primary training location for Longmont Fire and Mountain View Fire Protection District. Other Boulder County fire agencies also have rights to train here. This center has a 4 story tower, a single family home burn building, a driving course, and a covered shelter with white boards and picnic tables. Additionally there is a confined space prop and several hazardous material tank props and a storage facility at this site. The other Boulder County Training Center Campus is located in Boulder off the Diagonal highway.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 25

25

Community Expectations The last strategic plan was “2011-2015” completed in 2010. Internal and external stakeholder groups were consulted at several community meetings that culminated in the following strategic challenges:

1. CORE SERVICES. The core services of the Longmont Fire Department will be defined by the needs of our community. Core services are: reactive services in response to emergency and non-emergency incidents such as fire suppression, emergency medical services, hazardous materials response and technical rescue; proactive services designed to prevent and mitigate adverse effects; and co-active efforts in partnership with our community. 2. READINESS AND TRAINING. The Longmont Fire Department will be prepared with well-trained, well-equipped personnel, specialty teams and logistical resources to respond to the needs of our community. 3. EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT. The Longmont Fire Department will strive to be efficient and effective in services and training by meeting quality control standards. 4. PREVENTION, OUTREACH, EDUCATION. The Longmont Fire Department will empower our community by establishing open, two-way communication. 5. STAFF SUPPORT. The culture of the Longmont Fire Department is determined by our staff and our community. To maximize the effectiveness of our department, we must support every member, provide for their wellness, encourage their professional development and expand our growth through partnership with our community. 6. PARTNERSHIPS. The Longmont Fire Department will strive to create and sustain community partnerships that enhance service to the public. 7. ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNICATION. Communication is a key element in any successful organization. Another key element is trust. To maximize the effectiveness of our communication, we will continually strive to provide information to all levels of the department. We will strive to be as transparent as possible.

Core Services Provided  Fire  EMS  HAZMAT  Technical Rescue  Wildland  Prevention/Pre -Planning  Inspection- New construction  Inspection- Existing business  Public Education and Outreach  Investigations

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 26

26

Milestones Station openings-  In 1908 the first Fire Station 1 was built at 4th/Coffman. 5 paid firemen were employed. They ran 33 calls that year. John Donovan was the Fire Chief. The first call as a paid department was on 3/12/1908 at 11:50 hours was at 9th/Kimbark for an ash pit fire. The fire loss was $10  In 1967 Fire Station 2 was opened and commissioned at Mountain View/Hover  In 1971 the new Fire Station 1 was opened at 501 South Pratt Parkway  In 1972 Fire Station 3 was opened on Lashley St and the 4th and Coffman Fire Station was closed  In 1996 Fire Station 4 was opened at 501 23rd Ave  In 2001 Fire Station 5 was opened at 617 Barberry  In February of 2003 the new Fire Station 3 was opened at 1000 Pace St. The old Fire Station 3 was closed and decommissioned at this time  In May of 2009 the new Fire Station 1 was opened at 1070 Terry St. The old Fire Station 1 located at 501 S. Pratt Parkway was renamed Fire Station 6  In November of 2018 a City Bond was approved to relocate/rebuild Fire Stations 2 and 6. Planning will happen in 2019 with an anticipated ground breaking for both stations in 2020

Training center acquisition The Longmont Campus of the Boulder County Regional Fire Training Center is located on 13 acres at 111 First Ave. The Longmont Campus is intended to compliment, not duplicate, the main fire training campus at Boulder Reservoir which features a large burn building, tower, a propane fire prop, classrooms and a large space for indoor drills.

The Longmont Campus was built in 2006 and features a residential scale building where live fire training can be conducted; a roof prop for ventilation exercises; a four story tower for search and rescue drills; a confined space maze; hazardous material tankers and other chemical container props; a large gravel yard for drivers training and areas where automobile extrication can be practiced.

The Longmont Campus was built on land owned by the City using funds from a temporary County sales tax. This facility and the Boulder Reservoir campus are available for use by any of the twenty-plus fire departments in Boulder County.

Significant Equipment Acquired  1928 - The first motorized pumper was put in service. It was an American La France 750 gpm called Old Ironside.  1950 – American La France 750 gpm pumper  1966 - American LaFrance 1250 gpm pumper  1971 - American LaFrance 1000 gpm pumper  1979 - American LaFrance 1250 gpm , 50 foot Tele squirt pumper  1981 - Computer Aided Dispatch implemented  1984 – Two (2) 1250 gpm Ford/General pumpers colored lime green  1987 - 1250 gpm top mount Pierce pumper  1989 - 105’ Aerial Truck  1993 - 1500 gpm Pierce Tele squirt pumper  1995 - Pierce Heavy Rescue Squad  1996 - Three (3) Salsbury pumpers  2003 - Pierce 100’ Aerial Platform  2004 – HAZMAT Freightliner FL80

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 27

27

 2010 - Five (5) Pierce pumpers  2012- Wildland Type 6 Dodge Ram 5500  2012 – HAZMAT Ford F550  2013 - Pierce 100’ Aerial Platform  2013 - Omega Truck Ford F350  2014 – Wildland Type 6 Dodge Ram 5500  2017 - Technical Rescue Pierce pumper  2018 - Pierce pumper  2018 – Wildland Type 3 International 7400

Current Staffing Current staffing 24x7 is a minimum of 3 firefighters on an engine, 4 firefighters on the ladder truck, 2 personnel on an ambulance and 1 chief officer per shift. The total daily staffing is 23 firefighters and 6 civilian ambulance personnel. All firefighters are EMT’s, five engines per day have a paramedic, while the ambulances are each staffed with 1 EMT and 1 paramedic who are not trained to the firefighter level. There are three shifts known as A, B, and C Shifts. Each shift is supervised by an Assistant Fire Chief who becomes the incident commander on multi-company responses. Each fire station is supervised by a Lieutenant or a Captain. Each shift works a 48/96 schedule.

Staffing Relief Factor for Operations Personnel The Department utilizes two distinct staffing models for planning and implementing personnel resource allocation for the various division functions. The Administrative, Training, and Fire Codes and Planning Sections currently use a static staffing model, while the Operations Section uses a constant staffing model which incorporates a relief factor to efficiently staff the positions while minimizing the use of overtime funding. The static staffing model simply means that

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 28

28

staffing of positions will be provided using the exact number of personnel to cover the allocated Full-Time Equivalent (FTE’s) positions. With this model any leave (vacation, administrative, sick, disability, or position vacancies etc.) that needs to be covered is done so with the person’s absence or overtime funding. This staffing model currently provides adequate coverage for the 40 hour per week personnel.

The staffing model currently used for Operations staff is referred to as a constant staffing model. This particular model requires having enough personnel to cover any leaves and position vacancies without consistently incurring overtime expense or requiring mandatory overtime for personnel. This model does not eliminate overtime, rather it strives to keep overtime to a minimum. To successfully utilize this staffing model, a relief factor must be incorporated in personnel resource allocation and planning. The current relief factor used for staffing this section is 3.48. However, the relief factor that should be used based on leave time is 3.67. The following formula for figuring the appropriate relief factor is:

The current minimum staffing is three firefighters on all fire suppression engines (six) and four firefighters on the ladder truck (one) with one Assistant Chief. This totals 23 personnel for each 24 hour work period.

Based on the current benefit package and average length of time in position for personnel, eligible leave for personnel assumptions are as follows: 5.6 work periods of Sick Leave; 13.45 work periods of Vacation Leave. The current policy for managing leave usage for the section is to allow the scheduling of three leave positions per work period. At the discretion and judgment of the division, personnel are allowed to attend various schools, seminars and trainings which will typically average two work periods for each personnel every year. This totals approximately 21 work periods of eligible leave for each person annually. Therefore, a total of 483 work periods (23 X 21) will be vacated and needing replacement coverage annually.

365 days are covered by three separate shifts (A Shift, B Shift & C Shift); therefore each firefighter would be scheduled for 121.6 work periods annually. This number minus the 21 work periods of eligible leave will result in each firefighter being available to work 100.6 work periods annually.

To cover the 483 work periods of leave that will need to be covered on each shift throughout the year, five additional firefighters will need to be available on each shift daily (483 / 100.6 : 4.8: 5).

This will require 28 (23 + 5) firefighters available to work on each shift to adequately cover eligible leave and personnel vacancies.

The division’s relief factor should be calculated by dividing the number of firefighters available to work on each shift (28) by the number of firefighters required to meet minimum staffing (23) multiplied by the three shifts which are necessary to cover the 365 days annually (28 / 23 : 1.217 X 3 : 3.65).

What this actually means is that for each seat that needs to be filled for each work period, the division should require 3.65 rather than 3.48 firefighters to ensure minimum staffing needs are met on a constant basis and overtime expenditures are minimized. As a result of our currently low relief factor, the division’s overtime expense is higher than it should be.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 29

29

Response Overview In (2013) Longmont Fire Services transitioned to a priority based dispatching system with vehicle locators (AVL). This allows Longmont Communications, using an algorithm and information from the caller, to determine the closest available unit and whether an emergency or non-emergency response is needed. As an example, we may only send one ambulance non-emergency to a low acuity call that is not life threatening, while we may send an engine and an ambulance to a more serious call. We have built into the Response Plan various call types that automatically dictate specific resources to send. These call types are structure fires, rescue responses, wildland response, hazmat response, and technical rescue responses. The entire Response Plan can be found in the Appendices.

In addition to implementing priority based dispatching in 2013, Fire Services rolled out the Omega Truck to assist with handling the non-medical lift assists and smoke detector issues. These are non-emergency events that burdened the fire engines that could be left available for the more critical calls in their districts. Non-medical lift assists and smoke detector issues totaled over 1500 calls combined on average in previous years. The Omega Truck now handles the bulk of these calls which has reduced the load on the engines and also saves on wear and tear and fuel cost. The Omega Truck is attached to the four (4) person ladder truck and is supervised by the Captain. When the Omega Truck is needed, two (2) firefighters from the ladder truck jump to the Omega Truck to handle the call independently. The Omega vehicle is a pickup truck with a shell. If the ladder truck is needed for an emergency, the Omega Truck will leave the non- emergency incident and meet up with the rest of their crew on the emergency incident.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 30

30

Response Times

This map indicates response zone diamonds. The diamonds indicate the time it takes to drive from one of the six fire stations to anywhere within the city limits. The goal, which is in the City of Longmont Land Development Code, is to arrive on scene within 5 minutes and 59 seconds, 90% of the time. This is based on a 4 minute 59 second travel time with an added one minute turnout time. This does not include the time it takes to receive the 911 call and processing time to gather information and tone the most appropriate units. In 2018 Longmont Fire met this benchmark 78% of the time.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 31

31

Below is the same response zone map with the outline of the proposed location for Station # 2 to be built in 2020.

Listed below are the median response times for the last three (3) years:

Call Processing Time 2016- 1:50 2017- 1:56 2018- 1:54 Turn Out and Travel Time 2016- 4:41 2017- 4:54 2018- 4:47 Total Time 2016- 6:39 2017- 6:59 2018- 6:47

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 32

32

The distribution and concentration of fire stations in Longmont is appropriate as they are spaced out well within the city and cover population centers. As the city moves further beyond its borders, consideration will need to be made on placing additional fire stations.

Reliability is another factor to consider and takes into account out of service times. The following chart indicates how reliable the first due units are to be able to handle calls within their response area. As call volume increases, reliability decreases meaning first due units are out of service and not available to handle the second or third call in their district. The lower the reliability, the higher the risk of an increased response time.

First Due Compliance and Reliability Station Area % the Fire unit was 1st due in their assigned area 1 84% 2 75% 3 67% 4 76% 5 73% 6 71%

Engine companies, ambulances, and even Shift Commanders (Assistant Chiefs) have a maximum capacity limit. Exceeding these limits can have a negative impact on the units themselves and the entire system.

When considering engine company capacity, the Center for Public Safety Excellence (CPSE) Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI), and industry best practices indicate that the maximum calls per day per engine- company is 10. Exceeding 10 could drop unit reliability below 50%, meaning half of the time calls are being handled by surrounding units.

An indicator for additional ambulance units is 8 calls per 24 hour period. Ambulance units have longer out of service times with patient treatment and delivery to a hospital so their capacity is more limited than engine companies.

An indicator for additional Shift Commanders is 6 calls per 24 hour period. Due to the complexity of calls, time duration, and supervisory responsibilities of 6 fire stations and 10 units, the Shift Commanders capacity quickly diminishes. Management practices recommend a span of control range of one supervisor to three employees (1:3) to 1:7, with 1:5 being optimal.

Distribution and Concentration Summary for an Effective Response Force (ERF) There are a few areas within the city limits that are outside the response time benchmark of 5 minutes, 59 seconds. The areas identified that fall outside the benchmark do pose a risk to firefighters and citizens in these areas. The risk is currently managed through auto and mutual aid agreements with surrounding jurisdictions. However, there will come a time, as call volume increases and units are even more tied up on preceding incidents that the risk will become more difficult to manage. Currently the plan is to add additional units to the existing fire stations to help minimize the risk rather than build additional fire stations. In 2020, the first additional unit is planned to be added. This unit will be called

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 33

33

the “Alpha Car” and will be used to handle low acuity, low priority medicals with two firefighters one of which will be an EMT Basic and one will be a Paramedic.

Indicators for Fire Station Construction

As the city expands its borders, a fire station should be planned for construction when the following warrants are met:  The collective zones that would form the cover area of the new fire station generate 300 calls per year  4,500 homes are constructed in the cover area of the new fire station  13,500 occupants dwell within the area of the new fire station

Historical Perspective and Community Response History Population vs calls for service

 2016 Population 92,917. Calls for Service 9,980. Unit Responses 20,449  2017 Population 94,341. Calls for Service 10,584. Unit Responses 22,471  2018 Population 96,192. Calls for Service 10,310. Unit Responses 21,243

Although the number of EMS calls increased in 2018, the number of fire calls decreased by almost the same amount. The call type category of “Other” saw the biggest decrease in calls for service from 2017 to 2018. These types of calls include, but not limited to, non-injury vehicle accident, public service assistance, assist invalid and smoke or odor investigation (no fire). Change in state legislature and increased educational efforts with the senior living facilities and other community businesses may have played a role in the decreased number for related call types. In 2018 Public Safety also implemented three programs to help connect repetitive 911 callers to resources outside of hospitals or jail. These programs may have had an impact on the call volume. Additional years will be tracked to confirm that these programs are continuing to impact 911 calls for service for Fire and EMS.

See the chart below for the mix of call types. Approximately 68% of the total call volume is medical related.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 34

34

The following chart indicates call volume per time of day. The majority of calls occur from 0700 to 23:59.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 35

35

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 36

36

The chart below identifies the past three years of statistics:

Mutual and Auto Aid Mutual Aid is an agreement between agencies to respond when asked. Automatic Aid (Auto Aid) is an agreement to automatically respond to incidents in nearby jurisdictions and is built into the CAD system to recommend the closet

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 37

37

available appropriate resources. The City of Longmont has several mutual and auto aid agreements with surrounding agencies. Most notably, auto aid between Longmont Fire and Mountain View Fire for closet unit dispatching serves both communities well. Medical calls, traffic accidents, and fire calls are handled by the closest available units regardless of jurisdiction. This provides good response times for these areas that would otherwise have longer response times.

ISO In May 2017 Longmont went through an Insurance Service Office (ISO) evaluation and was awarded a Public Protection Classification (PPC) 2 rating. This was an improvement from the last evaluation 13 years prior which was a 4. The classification is a scale of 1-10, with 1 being the best and 10 being no fire protection whatsoever. The evaluation takes into consideration;  Dispatching and Communications  Staffing  Engine Companies  Truck Companies  Deployment Analysis  Training  Water Supply  Community Risk Reduction Areas of improvement identified in the report are staffing both in operations and community risk reduction and training records.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 38

38

Part 4 Planning Zones

Planning Zone 1 Planning Zone 1 is in the center of the city and is approximately 3 square miles. This is the busiest area of the city by call volume and is a mix of high density commercial and residential. The buildings in the zone range in age from over 100 years to brand new. This zone’s growth is in the form of redevelopment with older buildings being remodeled or scraped to be replaced with modern construction. The center of this zone is approximately 9th Ave and Main Street and the traffic is heavy. Risk ranges from low to high for building fires, traffic, medical, and social services.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 39

39

Planning Zone 2 Planning Zone 2 is on the west side of the city and centered near Mountain View and Hover. The area is approximately 4 square miles and reaches out to Airport Road on the west side. The area is mixed use with high density residential, and light commercial including Longmont United Hospital and some retail. This zone also has a few high speed intersections with heavy traffic flow and has open space areas prone to fire.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 40

40

Planning Zone 3 Planning Zone 3 covers the east side of the city and runs north and south between Hwy 66 and Hwy 119. The zone is centered around 9th and Pace. This zone has low to moderate risk residential along with light commercial and retail including Walmart and Longs Peak Hospital, and manufacturing with McClains and Smuckers. Zone 3 also includes high speed intersections, Union Reservoir and open space prone to fire.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 41

41

Planning Zone 4 Planning Zone 4 is centered around 23rd and Main St on the north end of the city. Zone 4 has a mix of low to high risk residential, commercial, and retail. Zone 4 has high speed intersections and has heavy traffic flow along with open fields that are prone to fire. Zone 4 is the second busiest zone in terms of call volume.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 42

42

Planning Zone 5 Planning Zone 5 is centered around Airport Road and Nelson in the southwest section of the city. This zone has low to high risk residential with large homes along with multi-family housing complexes. This zone also has a mix of retail, commercial, and manufacturing along with busy intersections with high traffic volume. Zone 5 also is surrounded by open space and fields that are prone to fire.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 43

43

Planning Zone 6 Planning Zone 6 is on the south section of the city and is centered around South Pratt Parkway and Ken Pratt Blvd. This zone has moderate density residential along with commercial, manufacturing and retail and significant traffic volume. This zone includes several high rate of speed intersections and has pockets of open fields and open space that are prone to fire.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 44

44

Part 5 Risk by Category and Methodology

This section discusses each risk category within the entire city and provides current deployment models for each.

Fire Suppression

In 1870, a group of prominent men in Chicago decided to start a new town in Colorado. They sold memberships in this new town, called “The Chicago-Colorado Colony” and used the money to buy 60,000 acres of land in a carefully chosen site in northern Colorado. They planned the town and brought people, lumber, and building materials to the barren site where they built a small town by the summer of 1871. They named the new town “Longmont” in honor of Longs Peak, clearly visible from the town. Since the beginning of Longmont in 1871 the types of buildings, construction materials and interior finishes have changed dramatically.

Building Construction Construction Types identify the type of materials utilized for constructing a building and classifies the level of combustibility and fire resistance associated with the building elements of a structure. As listed under Table 601 in the International Business Code (IBC), these building elements include the primary structural frame, exterior and interior bearing and non-bearing walls, and the floor and roof construction elements. As designated in Table 601, these building elements are required to have a fire-resistance rating of 0, 1, 2, or 3 hours, which indicates the amount of time it can

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 45

45

continue to confine a fire and also maintain a level of structural integrity. See Appendix for the IBC Table 601 and building construction types.

Building Usage The City of Longmont has a makeup of Residential, Commercial/Residential, Commercial and Industrial buildings. Records from 1973 show 10,854 total residential dwelling units as compared to 2019 data which shows 40,047 total residential dwelling units. Residential dwelling units consist of single family, multi-family, multi-family multi-story (townhomes / condos), apartment buildings and manufactured houses. Residential dwelling units represent the majority of buildings within the City of Longmont. These types of structures are predominantly type V construction and are subject to rapid fire spread creating life safety concerns for occupants and firefighters. Commercial/Residential structures are mixed use structures, consisting of a combination of retail and or office space on the lower levels with high density residential units on upper levels of these buildings. These buildings may be referred to as “Taxpayers”. The downtown corridor has several of these types of buildings. These can be a type III or type II on the base with type V above it. Commercial buildings consist of large retails stores, such as Home Depot, Lowes, Walmart and Target which are referred to as “Big Box Stores”. Included in this occupancy type as well are Hospitals, Schools, Care Facilities and Strip Malls. These can be type I-type IV construction, however are predominately type II. The word “industrial” is used for any business which involves the manufacturing of goods. Some of these buildings may use hazardous materials in their processes adding to the complexity of fire extinguishment. These buildings mainly consist of type I and II construction. The various building types and occupancy profiles are represented in varying quantities in every planning zone of the City of Longmont. As of this writing, there are 36,200 buildings (and growing), both private and public, protected by the Longmont Division of Fire Services. A breakdown of the total number of buildings in each planning zone including total actual values and total assessed values are provided in section 5. Listed below in table 4.1 is a list of Critical Infrastructure Facilities in the City of Longmont.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 46

46

Summary of the City of Longmont’s Critical Facilities (Table 4.1) Critical Facility Type Facility Count Airport 1 Airport Runway 1 Bridges 25 City Government Buildings 28 Communications 1 County Government Buildings 7 Day Cares 19 Fire Stations 6 Public Health Care Clinics 5 Hospitals 2 Police 1 Schools 35 Shelters 6 Waste Water Treatment 1 Water Storage 1 Total Facilities 139

Station/Planning Total Units Total Actual Value1 Total Assessed Value1 Total Finished Square Feet1 Zone 1 3705 1,029,112,845 126,934,293 5,149,677 2 8010 2,501,445,299 212,610,181 11,215,897 3 8722 2,722,425,019 232,358,973 13,847,243 4 5327 1,377,487,362 141,653,453 7,026,814 5 5025 2,368,136,406 317,305,817 10,435,139 6 5411 2,199,449,508 326,755,648 11,993,970 36,200 12,198,056,439 1,357,618,365 59,668,740 1Source: County Assessor

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 47

47

Available Water Supply The type and use of buildings is a critical factor when determining the needed fire flow during fire suppression efforts. The National Fire Protection Association fire formula below can be used to determine the approximate amount of water necessary to extinguish a fire in a building based on size and percent fire involvement. This formula does not take into consideration any materials or conditions within a building that would cause rapid fire growth such as hazardous materials or other extremely flammable materials. The formula is also limited to the building of origin and does not factor in fire flow for exposure buildings or other types of exposures requiring additional fire flow.

Needed Length x Width = ------x % of building Involvement Fire Flow 3

For example a 2,100 square foot residential structure fully involved in fire would require approximately 700 gallons per minute (gpm) of fire flow to extinguish. Likewise, the same building 50% involved in fire would require 350 gpm. The City of Longmont Public Works and Natural Resources Department oversees the water system and fire flow minimum and maximum requirements. The minimum fire flow in any area of the city is 2,000 gpm, while the maximum sustainable fire flow is 3,500 gpm. To achieve the minimum or maximum fire flow some areas will require the use of multiple fire hydrants. Fire flows within the city water system are based on building types and occupancies in specific areas of the city. Areas in the city with higher density commercial and industrial buildings will require maximum or near maximum fire flows due to the square footage of the buildings.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 48

48

Risk The tables below outline the level of risk, critical tasking and task assignment responsibilities currently deployed to mitigate Low, Medium and High risk fires. Additional types of fires not included in these tables are large commercial vehicles such as semi-trucks, tractor trailers, as well as aircraft fires or multiple small vehicle fires. These low frequency fire events are incident dependent and may require an effective response force outlined in the low risk table all the way up to the high risk table based on the conditions of the incident. An example would be a small aircraft fire may be extinguished by two engine companies which is a combination of low and medium risk response forces. An aircraft which crashes into a building would require a high risk effective response force. Fires involving conditions outside of the low, medium and high risk parameters cause initial company officers to assess the degree of risk associated with the incident and request the appropriate response force to mitigate the incident.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 49

49

Low Risk Fires Car, Dumpster, Rubbish Fire etc. Response Force Critical Task Task Assignment Assigned Units Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Due Engine or Truck Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Due Engine or Truck Initial Action Plan Company Officer 1st Due Engine or Truck Safety Company Officer 1st Due Engine or Truck Position Apparatus Engineer 1st Due Engine or Truck Pump OP Engineer 1st Due Engine or Truck Tools Firefighter 1st Due Engine or Truck Attack Line Firefighter 1st Due Engine or Truck Overhaul Firefighter 1st Due Engine or Truck Current Response Force 3 or 4 Personnel 1 Engine or 1 Truck

Moderate Risk Fires Residential Structure Fire Response Force Critical Task Task Assignment Assigned Units Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Due Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Due Engine Initial Incident Action Plan Company Officer 1st Due Engine 1st Attack Line Company Officer / Firefighter 1st Due Engine Position Apparatus / Operate Pump Engineer 1st Due Engine Water Supply Engineer / Firefighter 2nd Due Engine Two In / Two Out Company Officer / Firefighter 2nd Due Engine Primary Search Company Officer / Firefighter 2nd Due Engine Ventilation Company Officer / Firefighter 1st Due Truck Control Utilities Engineer / Firefighter 1st Due Truck 2nd Attack Line Company Officer / Firefighter 3rd Due Engine Check for Extension / Overhaul Company Officer / Firefighter 3rd Due Engine RIT / On Deck/ Air Monitoring Company Officer / Engineer / 4th Due Engine Firefighter Assume Command Assistant Chief / Shift Commander Assistant Chief / Shift Commander Re-evaluate IAP Assistant Chief / Shift Commander Assistant Chief / Shift Commander Second 360 Mt. View Battalion Chief Safety Officer Assume Safety Officer Roles Mt. View Battalion Chief Safety Officer Patient Care EMT Paramedic ALS Ambulance Rehabilitation EMT Basic ALS Ambulance Current Response Force 19 Personnel 4 Engines / 1 Truck / 1 Assistant Chief / 1 ALS Ambulance / 1 Safety Officer

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 50

50

High Risk Fires Commercial, Industrial, Response Force Multi-Family Structure Fire Critical Task Task Assignment Assigned Units Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Due Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Due Engine Initial Incident Action Plan Company Officer 1st Due Engine 1st Attack Line Company Officer / Firefighter 1st Due Engine Position Apparatus / Operate Pump Engineer 1st Due Engine Water Supply Engineer / Firefighter 2nd Due Engine Two In / Two Out Company Officer / Firefighter 2nd Due Engine Primary Search Company Officer / Firefighter 2nd Due Engine Ventilation Company Officer / Firefighter 1st Due Truck Control Utilities Engineer / Firefighter 1st Due Truck 2nd Attack Line Company Officer / Firefighter 3rd Due Engine Check for Extension / Overhaul Company Officer / Firefighter 3rd Due Engine RIT / On Deck/ Air Monitoring Company Officer / Engineer / 4th Due Engine Firefighter Assume Command Assistant Chief / Shift Commander Assistant Chief / Shift Commander Re-evaluate IAP Assistant Chief / Shift Commander Assistant Chief / Shift Commander Second 360 Mt. View Battalion Chief Safety Officer Assume Safety Officer Roles Mt. View Battalion Chief Safety Officer Patient Care EMT Paramedic ALS Ambulance Rehabilitation EMT Basic ALS Ambulance Current Response Force 19 Personnel 4 Engines / 1 Truck / 1 Assistant Chief / 1 ALS Ambulance / 1 Safety Officer

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 51

51

As listed in the medium risk and high risk tables, the current deployment is the same for both. For high risk fires and some medium risk fires, a second alarm assignment can be dispatched. Each additional alarm assignment consists of the three closest engines, one additional aerial truck, one chief officer and one ALS ambulance to the fire scene. The two additional remaining city engines, if available, are dispatched to the scene along with one mutual aid aerial truck. If the city engines are not available the full 2nd alarm or balance of the alarm units will come from outside agencies.

During high risk fire incidents and some medium risk fire incidents personnel are recalled to staff reserve engines and a reserve truck. During these incidents mutual aid departments are requested to help ensure city fire stations are staffed during multiple alarm fires.

Emergency Medical Services The Longmont Fire Department has been delivering paramedic level services since 1988. The department currently delivers basic and advanced life support using six engine companies, and the truck company with 28 paramedics and 47 EMTs. With normal staffing, the arriving fire apparatus has at least one paramedic 90% of the time. American Medical Response (AMR) is contracted to provide three advanced life support transport ambulances. These ambulances are stationed at stations 1, 4, and 6 and are staffed with one EMT and one paramedic. Three additional ambulances are stationed at stations 1, 3, and 6 to provide transport of bariatric patients and be utilized as reserve ambulances when front line ambulances need service. Additionally, these ambulances can be utilized by fire crews as extra ambulances if all three primary ambulances are on other calls, and none of the mutual aid partners can provide an ambulance for transport.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 52

52

Mutual aid for ambulance transport is provided using primarily three agencies. First, AMR may send an ambulance from Boulder when needed. Second, UC21 is a University of Colorado Health ambulance that is based at Longs Peak Hospital. UC21 is staffed full time, but is not dedicated to the City, as it is utilized for interfacility transfers from Longs Peak Hospital to other facilities. Lastly, Mountain View Fire District can be utilized for ambulance transport, however, the frequency of this is quite low.

The Longmont Department of Public Safety Communications Center provides Emergency Medical Dispatching (EMD) using a standardized line of questioning when answering and dispatching EMS calls. This EMD process creates a priority code, which is in turn used to dispatch the appropriate resources. EMD priority codes are broken down into five levels, Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta and Echo; Alpha being the least serious, and Echo being the most serious.

High Risk (any Echo level call, along with structure fires, HAZMAT, rescue responses, MCI)  Allergic Reaction (2E1)  Breathing Problem (6E1)  Burns, Person on Fire (7E1)  CO/HAZMAT (8, any)  Cardiac Arrest, not obvious and not expected (9E 1-5)  Choking (11D1 and 11E1)  Drowning/water related incident (any 14 Delta and Echo, however EMD will most likely not be performed, as this will most likely be dispatched as a water rescue response)  Electrocution (15E1)  Stab/GSW/Penetrating Trauma --- not an Echo, but could be high risk and/or MCI  Unconscious (31E1) Medium Risk  Any two unit, emergent responses that are not listed above as an Echo/High Risk  Charlie or Delta level responses. Examples would include: a female patient with abdominal pain (1A6), a patient exhibiting stroke like symptoms (28C1), a patient that had passed out but is now awake (31C1), or a patient who has fallen from a rooftop (17D1).

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 53

53

Low Risk  Any single unit response, or two unit, non-emergent response (Alpha and Bravo level calls)  Examples: inter-facility transfer, ambulance only; conscious after a seizure with seizure history Simultaneous calls  In terms of EMS delivery, the main restriction is transport of patients to hospitals. Without staffing backup/reserve ambulances, or relying on UC21, 2127, or Mountain View (as these resources are not always available), we can handle three simultaneous low or medium risk call types at one time. We could also handle three high risk EMD Echo calls at once, however this would nearly deplete every resource with the exception of one engine company, or the truck and 2164. We are not able to provide adequate EMS transportation for simultaneous high risk events other than Echo calls. Examples of this would include an MCI, rescue responses, or structure fires without relying on mutual aid.  Transports in 2018 by mutual aid agencies and backup ambulances . 2122/2123/2125 combined (2018) - 17 . 2127 (Boulder AMR, 2018) - 4 . UH21 (2018) - 3 . Mountain View Fire (2018) - 0

Hazardous Materials

Longmont Hazmat The Longmont Hazmat Team is based out Station 5 along with the two main Hazmat response vehicles, 2155 and 2157. In addition to the response vehicles, Station 5 houses the portable air trailer and a separate auxiliary trailer used to haul the Kubota and other miscellaneous Hazmat equipment.

The Longmont Hazmat Team is comprised of twenty-two (22) Hazardous Materials Technicians with nine (9) of them being permanently assigned to Station 5. Each technician has undergone a minimum of 120 hours of Hazmat specific training in order to be a member of the team. Members also attend monthly team trainings in addition to various regional trainings. This intensive training has given the technician the skills to monitor, assess and act in a defensive or offensive manner in order to mitigate the situation at hand. These life safety hazards range from radioactive events, toxic, flammable, or corrosive atmospheres, to weapons of mass destruction (WMD’s). The Longmont Hazmat Team is capable of handling the low to moderate Hazmat events autonomously, with the high risk event bringing in the full Boulder County Hazmat Team.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 54

54

Boulder County Hazmat Team (BCHMT)- The BCHMT is a county Hazmat team comprised of all of the Designated Emergency Response Agencies (DERA) within Boulder County. All of these agencies contribute financially with six agencies contributing personnel and equipment as well. Those agencies are Longmont Fire, Boulder Fire, Mountain View Fire, Lafayette Fire, Louisville Fire and Boulder Rural Fire. The purpose of the BCHMT is to provide a fluid response model that brings the necessary equipment and personnel to a Hazmat event in a timely and effective manner in order to mitigate life safety concerns, provide incident stabilization, and property conservation.

BCHMT is comprised of 89 hazardous materials technicians, (4) Hazmat response vehicles, (4) hazmat support vehicles and the equipment necessary to qualify as a FEMA Type 1 Hazmat team. This gives the BCHMT the ability to handle most large scale Hazmat events independently before bringing in additional regional, state or federal resources.

Risk Low Risk Hazmat Event: A single operations level trained engine company. An example of this would be a small gasoline spill at the local gas station. The current deployment for a low risk event would be one engine company (3 personnel minimum). All personnel are on scene within the median response time of 6:47. The capabilities of this contingent of apparatus and personnel is very minimal and is limited by the lack of Hazmat related equipment available and the lack of Hazmat Technicians if this response were to escalate.

Moderate Risk Hazmat Event: On-duty hazardous materials technicians and Longmont engine companies. An example of this would be household chemicals mixing with each other in a private residence causing the occupants to be sick. The current deployment for a moderate risk event is one engine company (3 personnel minimum), Hazmat 2155 and Hazmat 2157 (3 personnel minimum), one assistant chief. The engine company and ambulance would be on scene in the median response time of 6:47 with the assistant chief, Hazmat 2155 and Hazmat 2157 arriving on scene within 10 minutes of being dispatched. The capabilities of this contingent of apparatus and personnel would be the ability to operate independently for a 3-4 hour time frame with the high probability of mitigating the event.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 55

55

High Risk Hazmat Event: Moderate risk resources plus the addition of the full BCHMT, with the potential to bring in additional Regional, State or Federal resources. An example of this would be the manufacturing of a WMD such as Ricin in a residential neighborhood with people contaminated and symptomatic. The current deployment for a high risk event includes, at the minimum, two engine companies (6 personnel minimum), Hazmat 2155 and Hazmat 2157 (3 personnel minimum), one assistant chief, and the complement of the BCHMT to include four additional Hazmat rigs, and one support vehicle (10 personnel). An event of this magnitude could also include the use of additional Regional, State, and Federal Resources. The two engine companies and ambulance would be on scene in the median response time of 6:47. The assistant chief, Hazmat 2155 and Hazmat 2157 would be on scene within 10 minutes of dispatch and the complement of the BCHMT would be on scene within 60 minutes of dispatch. The capabilities of this contingent of apparatus and personnel would be the ability to act independently for the first operational period of 8-12 hours before bringing in additional resources in the form of personnel and possibly apparatus with a high probability of mitigating the event.

The chart below represents the number of businesses located within the city limits of Longmont that have hazardous materials onsite separated into planning zones. The low, moderate and high risk factors are based on the type, quantity and potential reactivity of the chemicals onsite. This data was obtained from the Fire Marshal’s office utilizing their Hazmat Inspection reports.

Hazardous Materials businesses (Table 4.2) Low Mod High Planning Zone 1 3 0 1 Planning Zone 2 5 2 2 Planning Zone 3 19 1 5 Planning Zone 4 10 0 0 Planning Zone 5 12 5 0 Planning Zone 6 65 7 7

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 56

56

The map above shows all of the low, moderate and high risk facilities that contain hazardous materials broken down by planning zone. Blue dots indicate low risk, yellow dots indicate moderate risk and red dots indicate high risk.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 57

57

Railway Transport of Hazmat The chart below represents the number of Rail cars that traveled through the City limits of Longmont in 2018 and the Hazard class associated with each Rail car. The sheer volume of Flammable Gas and Flammable Liquids poses an extreme potential for a Moderate to High Risk event. Though fewer cars carrying other substances travel by rail through Longmont, many of them pose a significant threat given their chemical properties. Dangerous Goods poses the least amount of threat as these are items in small quantities and as a whole are more stable outside of their container. This data was obtained from BNSF.

Hazardous Materials Railway Transport (Table 4.3)

Hazard Class Description Annual Transports 1.1-1.6 Explosives 0 2.1 Flammable Gas 1809 2.2 Non-Flammable Gas 16 2.3 Toxic Gases 0 3 Flammable Liquids 1814 4.1 Flammable Solid 0 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible 14 4.3 Dangerous when Wet 9 5.1 Oxidizer 6 5.2 Organic Peroxide 0 6.1 Toxic Substance 44 6.2 Infectious Substance 0 7 Radioactive 0 8 Corrosives 585 9 Dangerous Goods 2445

Roadways and Hazmat The City of Longmont has two main Hazmat corridors, Highway 119 and Highway 287. Numerous Flammable, corrosive and toxic chemicals are transported every day on these roadways. A commodity study of the highways has not been performed by the Colorado State Patrol in over ten years. Although the data is not current it is believed to follow the same trend, as seen with Rail.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 58

58

Technical Rescue

The Longmont Technical Rescue Team consists of over twenty members of the department that have received in depth training in specialized rescue techniques. The broad disciplines that the team is capable of managing include; 1. Rope rescue: high and low angle, tower/antenna rescue 2. Confined space rescue: below grade, container rescue 3. Trench rescue 4. Still water, Swift water, and Ice rescue 5. Machinery entrapment 6. Vehicle extrication: light and heavy vehicle extrication, vehicle stabilization, heavy lifting 7. Building collapse: structural shoring, breaching and breaking, cutting torches

The team is based out of Fire Station 1 with Engine 1 bearing a light rescue equipment compliment capable of managing most of the following incident types:  Light to moderate vehicle extrication  Minor building collapse / structural issues  Swiftwater, Stillwater and ice reduces  High and low angle rope reduces  Tower or storage silo rescues

The balance of the team’s equipment is stored at Station 1, and includes the following  Lumber trailer for trench rescues or building shoring  Zodiac boat with outboard motor for still water search and rescue  Kawasaki jet ski for still water search and rescue  Heavy Rescue vehicle for extended rescue scenes- bearing equipment for trench, confined space and building collapse rescue, breaching and breaking

The team requires new members to pass a written and practical test to demonstrate an above average competency in vehicle stabilization, basic rope rescue techniques, and specialized rescue equipment. Once on the team, members are required to attend monthly training facilitated by team subject matter experts (SME), as well as regional training offered by auto/mutual aid agencies. Finally, team members often attend larger courses offered out of state to remain current in the latest trends in each discipline.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 59

59

Risk 1. Water rescue: the city has two large bodies of water (Union, Macintosh) and many smaller ponds. There are two main waterways moving through the city (St Vrain River and Lefthand Creek), and several smaller irrigation ditches that can (and have) pose a risk. a. Several team members are certified Swiftwater 1 and 2 swimmers, and undergo in-house training each year for swift water, still water search and rescue, and ice rescue training. b. LFD’s team would be able to handle a single rescue on still water, but would likely require assistance from adjacent or county agencies for multiple patients, or any search/rescue involving ice or moving water. c. Off-duty members would likely not be helpful for this incident type due to the immediate nature of the response. 2. Cell phone/broadcast/water towers: There are multiple elevated towers in and around town, most of which are out of reach of the 100’ ladder truck’s reach. Potential for rescue exists with either tower workers performing maintenance, or vandals who have trespassed and climbed illegally. a. Several members have received formal tower rescue training, and the team conducts ongoing tower rescue each year, utilizing one of the existing towers in town.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 60

60

b. LFD’s team would likely request assistance from adjacent/county agencies due to the specialized work involved in this rescue, and the potential for only 2 tech members being on duty at any time. 3. Elevated buildings, catwalks, industrial sites: medical or trauma emergencies at these sites will be difficult or dangerous for department members to access, along with difficulties/dangers in moving the patient to the ambulance. The technical rescue team is training in high and low angle rescue to facilitate movement of patients to safe locations using ropes and harnesses, or baskets - to avoid the risk of falling. a. All team members receive rope rescue training on techniques and equipment multiple times each year to remain proficient on these skills. b. LFD’s team is capable of handling short, single patient events with on-duty crews. Any rope rescue of significant height or intensity would warrant a request from adjacent/county technicians due to the specialized nature of this work. 4. Industrial tanks/vaults, storm drains, culverts, pipes, below grade rooms: there are numerous sites in town that are not meant to be occupied for any length of time, and require special permits to enter. Any civilian (or firefighter) needing rescued from one of these sites would require specialized equipment to move rescuers, supplied air, ventilation equipment, and patient moving equipment. a. The technical rescue team training annually on confined space rescue equipment and techniques, and often tours sites where these rescues are likely to occur. b. LFD’s team would require off-duty tech team members to respond, as well as request adjacent/county technicians due to the specialized nature of this work. 5. Railroads: multiple railroads dissect the city, and aside from the hazardous cargo often carried, there is a risk of derailment along curves in the track, and several intersections where trains may collide with other vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians. a. In the case of a derailment, the team carries equipment capable of moving train cars, as well as lumber to support the loads once moved. b. The risk of collisions with other vehicles is covered in the sections titled Vehicle Collisions. 6. Vehicle Collisions: motor vehicle collisions occur across the city’s grid of residential, arterial and highway network. Periodically, vehicles drive into buildings, or collide with pedestrians, cyclists or trains. a. The technical rescue team is equipped with the strongest cordless/hydraulic vehicle extrication tools available. This is necessary (and an ongoing cost to upgrade) to combat the high strength metals used in new vehicles. b. In the case of collisions with train cars, semi-trucks/trailers, construction equipment, etc., the team is equipped with high capacity lifting and support tools to manage these extremely heavy loads, in situations when the loads need to be moved or held in place. c. The team provides basic training to the department each year, and also attends specialized training in this discipline in the form of destination training events. 7. Construction sites (building, new home, roads, industrial), industrial sites, factories: heavy machinery, raw building materials, excavations/trenches, cranes present the potential for industrial or construction accidents in which a patient cannot be simply moved to the ambulance cot and transported to the hospital. Construction and industrial accidents often require tools or specialized equipment to remove the patient from the hazard. Workers may be impaled on rebar or have been drawn in to an auger, and the equipment must be disassembled to prevent more trauma to the patient. a. The technical rescue team is equipped with a large and varied tool compliment that includes both hand tools and powered equipment. There are also 3 types of cutting torches for cutting large building materials, train cars, or other substantial metal debris. b. The team trains once a year on man versus machine incidents, which covers these specialized rescue incidents in very broad strokes.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 61

61

8. Building collapse: a variety of construction types and ages exists in the city. The risk of building collapse exists during substantial weather events (wind, snow, flood, tornado), from vehicles that collide with structures, or from intentional/accidental explosions that compromise the building’s structure. a. The technical rescue team is trained on building collapse dangers, breaching and breaking techniques to search for buried victims, and shoring/support techniques to prevent further collapse. b. The team carries a lumber cache and high capacity struts which can be used to reinforce or replace a buildings compromised support structure. c. LFD’s team is capable of managing vehicles into buildings, or collapse without entrapments with on-duty crews. If building shoring is required, off-duty members or adjacent/county technicians may be requested due to the specialized nature of this work.

Wildland Fire

The City of Longmont is located in Northeastern Boulder County and Western Weld County. The topography is primarily high plains. Native vegetation is primarily prairie grasses with riparian areas near water ways, lakes and rivers. This vegetation cures easily and burns aggressively when dry. It is also extremely susceptible to wind and can burn with extreme intensity during wind driven events. Agriculture is also a significant land use in areas adjacent to the City.

The City’s primary water source is Ralph Price Reservoir at Button Rock Dam above Lyon’s. This area is located in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains and consists primarily of pine species with grass and needle litter understory.

Longmont’s location along the Front Range of Colorado exposes it to potential wind events throughout the year. High pressure in the Great Basin pushes air masses over the continental divide. The air mass coming off the divide warms as it decreases in elevation resulting in strong sustained drying winds. These Chinook winds are similar to the Santa Ana winds of Southern California. These events can produce red flag warnings during any month of the year and are associated with the several of the region’s significant fires.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 62

62

Risk Within the confines of the City Limits, the risk of uncontrollable wildland fire is overall low. The urban and suburban densities do not present the opportunity for fire to become well established. The primary risk becomes access.

There are some moderate risk areas within the City. These are associated with either some form of water, lake, pond, stream, or waterway, or natural open space areas. The riparian areas allow for more dense foliage, cattails, as well as non-native species to grow unchecked and create higher than normal fuel loading. This is compounded by the complicated access associated with urban and suburban areas. Open Space areas tend to represent more of the native landscape and several of the grass species burn readily during the dry seasons as well as while dormant in the winter months. Both areas present a higher level of risk as the potential for fire to become established and experience rapid fire growth increases.

The Nelson Flanders water treatment plant is located west of the City off 53rdStreet North of Hwy 66. It is situated in the Hygiene Fire Protection District. This is a metal clad building surrounded by landscaping and parking. Therefore, the overall risk from wildland fire is low. Ralph Price Reservoir is located on the North St. Vrain River West of Lyons. It is in the Lyons Fire Protection District. The elevation is 6,500’. The various slopes of the foothills create the potential for rapid slope driven fire spread. This is combined with the significantly higher fuel density of the mixed pine forest. Finally, there is limited road access to this area and a significant public presence. This combination create a high risk area for wildland fire with potentially devastating consequences to the City’s primary water supply. Both of these are maintained by the City of Longmont, however, are located outside of the City limits.

Mitigation The City of Longmont Public Works and Natural Resources work with the Longmont Fire department and uses prescribed fire for both risk reduction and habitat improvement for both plant and animal species. Both agencies plan several prescribed fires throughout the year in areas that are more prone to large fires. These areas include tall prairie grasses as well as areas of cattails. Finally, the City has worked on several areas of forest improvement around Ralph Price reservoir. Most of this work has been manual thinning with resulting small piles of slash or chipping. Both of these techniques reduce the risk of vertical fire development. However, as was seen in the Four Mile fire, the increased fuel loading on the surface can create other issues of significant fire behavior as well as long term soil damage. This can make regrowth difficult.

Response The Fire Department responds to wildfires as one of its primary responsibilities. Most members received initial wildland fire training equivalent to the NWCG S130/190 course. Additionally, there is annual wildfire training. All fire department personnel are available and trained to respond in an initial response to local incidents within the City and near-by counties.

The Longmont Fire Wildland Team is a specialized team of approximately 30 firefighters that respond outside the City including other municipalities, Counties, States and Nationally. Members have responded to nearly every major wildland fire in the State over the past decade. Several are also members of the Boulder County Incident Management Team – a County based all hazard type 3 team. Additionally, members are associated with National Type 1 and 2 incident management teams. The benefit the Wildland team provides to the City, besides assistance to the receiving jurisdiction, is experience in large incident management. These skills proved invaluable during the floods of 2013 as well as several smaller incidents within the City.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 63

63

The Longmont Fire Department cross staffs three wildland response vehicles. Station 2 and 3 each have a type 6 wildland engine (2132 and 2133.) Both use a Ram 5500 4x4, four door chassis, and both carry approximately 400 gallons of water. 2132 carries a full complement of tools meeting the NWCG requirements. 2133 carries fewer tools specific to the local response area. Station 1 has a type 3 wildland urban interface engine. It is an International 4x4 four door chassis. It carries 500 gallons of water and a full NWCG set of equipment.

The base response for wildland fire within the City is one engine and one wildland unit along with the Assistant Chief. There is a slight delay due to the cross staffing of these engines. The crews from station 2 and 3 need to move to the wildland engine before they can respond. Calls are upgraded based upon information about the call. Wildland response mutual aid is available from all surrounding departments.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 64

64

Codes and Planning

The Codes and Planning Section is overseen by the Fire Marshal and includes 1 Fire/Hazardous Materials Inspector, 1 Fire Protection Engineer, 6 Fire Investigators and the Fire Safety Education and Outreach Special Team. The investigators and outreach team members are assigned to this section as a collateral assignment to their regular firefighting duties. This section is a primary service function of the Fire Services Division. The goal of Fire Codes and Planning is to reduce loss of life and injury and loss of property as a result of fire on a building. This goal is accomplished through fire code inspections, issuance of permits, plan review, life safety system testing, hazardous materials tracking and code enforcement, education programs, and special event planning, fire investigations, research, review, and recommending changes to and writing local amendments to the International Fire Code (IFC). This group works closely with Development Services and the Chief Building Official to make sure all new construction complies with the IFC.

 The City of Longmont is currently utilizing the 2018 International Fire Code for regulating all fire hazards and building construction within the city limits.  This fire code is adopted as published with local amendments contained in Ordinance O-2019-04.  A true certified copy of the 2018 International Fire Code and local amendments are available for review at the city clerk’s office located at 350 Kimbark St., Longmont.

In order to provide better customer service, Longmont Fire Services has started using the automated inspection request line operated by the City of Longmont Building Inspection.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 65

65

Dispatching- Longmont Emergency Communications Center (LECC)

The Longmont Emergency Communication Center (LECC) is the public safety answering point (PSAP) for the City of Longmont. All 911 calls and a myriad of other emergency and non-emergency calls are routed to the LECC for processing. Our highly trained Communications Specialists prioritize all calls as requests for emergency, urgent and less critical calls for service. They identify the best resource for police, fire, and the ambulance to resolve each incident and route the information appropriately 24 hours a day, 365 days per year. LECC now has the capability of handling text to 9- 1-1 calls (Call If You Can. Text If You Must).

The LECC staff are certified Emergency Medical Dispatchers, a program with which the Communications Specialist can provide immediate "over the phone" professional medical coaching to victims and their families prior to the arrival of fire and ambulance paramedic/EMT personnel. The Communications Specialists are trained to gather critical information from citizens who may be experiencing the most traumatic times of the lives and who are often confused, angry, and may not be rational. The Communication Specialists are the first contact for citizens during times of crisis and emergency. In many instances, the Communication Specialists can utilize their training to provide immediate assistance to callers without sending field units or by referring callers to other resource.

In 2018, through the Public Safety Tax increase, the LECC was approved for an additional six (6) FTE’s for a total of 24. Currently, there is no dedicated Fire dispatcher which makes it problematic to monitor the tactical channels during a large fire event. Fire Services has created a workaround but it requires the tactical radio traffic to go through the Fire Shift Commander rather than a Dispatcher. This is a safety issue as the Shift Commander may not be on scene yet, is driving emergency through the city, using the mobile data terminal (MDT) for maps, preplans and further information, while using two radio channels, and listening for emergency traffic.

The NFPA standard for call processing time for Fire/EMS is 90 seconds. 2018 median call processing time was 114 seconds.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 66

66

The LECC is one of four (4) PSAP’s in Boulder County that work collectively under the Boulder Regional Emergency Telephone Service (BRETSA), the authority that collects taxes from land lines and cell phone customers to fund the 911 system. A seamless operation between each independent PSAP is critical in order for the regional fire agencies to have effective interoperability. The regional fire chiefs have formed a working group to streamline operations, policies and procedures and have agreed to a closest unit dispatching concept. One of the big issues identified is that each PSAP cannot “see” other agencies units to know if they are closer to a call, making the closet unit concept much more difficult. Adding to the complexity is auto and mutual aid with Mountain View Fire Rescue, a neighboring jurisdiction, using Weld County Dispatch for calls in Weld County. These issues will need to be solved. The regional fire chiefs, the PSAP Managers and BRETSA are all working together to explore solutions.

Social Services for Addiction, Mental Health, Homelessness

Longmont Department of Public Safety Diversion Programs The Longmont Department of Public Safety is committed to reducing the criminalization of people who suffer from substance use and mental health issues. The department has partnered with community agencies to design and implement programs to help people receive the support they need. These key community stakeholders work to ensure the programs utilize best practice principles and engage participants in a harm reduction model. Longmont Fire Services plays a critical role in these programs as our firefighters are on the front lines and come in contact with those needing assistance on a daily basis. Much of our firefighter’s time is spent making connections between those we interact with on calls for service and the CORE team. Additionally, our firefighters spend time receiving those that suffer from substance abuse and helping them fill out the application to enter the program.

The four programs below are designed to work together to link people to supportive, long-term, and personalized case management services. In these programs, peer case managers connect participants to community-based resources that may include mental health and/or substance use treatment, employment, housing and health care. By working together, we can positively impact our participants and our community.

Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) LDPS police officers use their discretion to redirect people suspected of crimes associated with substance use to intensive case management services instead of jail. Those referred to the program are connected to harm reduction focused and community based support services and coordinated care. Nationally, participants are 58% less likely to be arrested again after being connected to this model.

Crisis Outreach Response and Engagement (CORE) The CORE team is dispatched to mental health related calls for service. Once on scene, members apply their specialized skill sets to divert individuals with behavioral health conditions from the criminal justice system and the emergency room - redirecting them to appropriate treatment destinations. The team focuses on building relationships with clients while working to help people improve their quality of life. The team consists of a:  Co-responder police officer  Licensed Mental Health Clinician  Paramedic

The Angel Initiative The Angel Initiative helps City of Longmont residents who suffer with substance use disorder obtain treatment. We work in conjunction with the medical community, addiction recovery programs, and community partners to do so. This model

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 67

67

is a “self-referral” model in which community members reach out to ask for help and LDPS facilitates connecting them with treatment.

Intensive Case Management Services ICMS provides coordinated care for people struggling with substance use or mental health disorders, and supports the LEAD, CORE and Angel programs. Peer case managers utilize the harm reduction/housing first model - which focuses on individual wellness and quality of life, not exclusively on sobriety. They build long-term relationships with participants without utilizing coercion or shame. Participants must be referred by a police officer or community partner. Case managers assist with:

 Connecting people to health, mental health, substance use treatment and other support services  Housing support  Benefits establishment  Employment services  Crisis management

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 68

68

Part 6 Risk Analysis by Planning Zone

Planning Zone 1 (Map 6.1)

Structure Fire Suppression Listed below is an overview of each planning zone with response times showing the current 1st alarm and “fill the box” assignments for each zone. For working building fires a “fill the box” assignment will be dispatched adding additional units to the alarm including apparatus to fill some city fire stations and a designated safety officer to the scene. Additional alarm assignments will add the closest 3 Engines, 1 Truck and 1 ambulance to the scene. If a second alarm is requested the additional apparatus already in the city, if available, will respond to the incident. The additional ladder truck on the second alarm will be coming from Boulder Fire Station 6 in Gunbarrel.

“2nd Alarm” listed below the 1st alarm response time chart shows the response time for the ladder truck to arrive from Boulder Fire Station 6 at the furthest point of each planning zone. This response time includes alarm received to dispatch, dispatch to responding and apparatus response time. The response time for the second arriving truck on a second alarm will increase if Boulder Fire Station 6 is unavailable to respond and different ladder truck is requested to fill the 2nd alarm assignment.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 69

69

Planning zone 1 consists of mainly single family and multi-family residential. Zone 1 has the lowest number of structures compared to the other planning zones. The Main Street corridor between 4th Avenue and 9th Avenue is host to older Type III, IV and V Commercial and Retail buildings which have been renovated over several decades. Due to construction types, lack of fire protection systems and the potential for rapid fire growth, this section of town poses high risk to civilians and firefighters. New renovations in this area such as Roosevelt Plaza with an attached multi-level parking garage and modern fire protection systems require a different tactical skill set from fire crews to mitigate and manage fires in these newly constructed buildings. Zone 1 is also home to Longmont High School, Roosevelt Park, The Memorial Building and the Longmont Senior Center.

Table 6.1 lists the maximum response times for the current response to arrive on scene.

(Table 6.1) Response times based on all units being in their stations. 30% of the time engines are not in station and response times are increased. All Risk Levels 1st Due 2nd Due Engine 1st Due Truck 3rd Due 4th Due Engine Engine Engine Dispatched after first due reports working fire Alarm Received to 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 *2:30 Responding Station 5 cross staffs 2155 (average time) & 2157 which adds to turnout times Responding Time to 2:12 2:46 2:32 4:53 *8:41 Arrival Time Current Maximum 5:37 6:11 5:57 8:18 13:05 Response Times Station / Planning Total Units Total Actual Value Total Assessed Value Total Finished Square Feet Zone 1 3,705 1,029,112,845 126,934,293 5,149,677 Note: *The response times for the 4th due engine does not begin until the first arriving unit declares a working fire and requests a “Fill the Box”. Station 5 with Hazmat 2155 and 2157 respond on all fill the box alarms. If 2105 is included on the first alarm the next closest engine is dispatched to fill the box. “2nd Alarm” arrival time of the second ladder truck after the alarm is requested is 20:35

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 70

70

Emergency Medical Services

1st Due Engine 1st Due Ambulance 2nd Due Engine Alarm Received to 1:54 1:54 1:54 Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 Responding Responding to 2:12 2:12 2:46 Arrival Total Time 5:37 5:37 6:11 Planning Zone 1 currently will receive either 2101 or 2116 within 5:37. All risk levels of the current response force will arrive on scene within 6:11; this 6:11 time accounts for a second due engine responding to complete our PIT crew for cardiac arrest calls.

Low Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, or engine and ambulance, non-emergent, within 5:37. Medium Risk calls will currently receive an engine and ambulance emergent within 5:37. High Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, and up to two engines emergent within 6:11.

*5:37 calculated with the furthest travel time being 2:12 for 2101 and 2121 to 17th Ave and Gay St, and 6:11 calculated with 2103 having the furthest second due engine drive time to Mountain View Ave and Meadow St.

Hazardous Materials

The following shows the breakdown of the response time for each event type: Low Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 5:21 Total Time: 8:41 Moderate Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 5:21 Total Time: 8:41

High Risk Hazmat Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full BCHMT arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional Regional, State or Federal resources.

Examples of high risk facilities include: Century Link located at 605 Coffman

Technical Rescue Low Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 2:12, current response force arrives 2:12 Moderate Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 1:31, current response force arrives 4:53 High Risk Technical Rescue Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full Longmont Technical Rescue Team arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional County or Regional resources.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 71

71

Wildland There are no moderate or high risk areas in Station 1’s planning area. Low Risk: First due engine will arrive in 2:12 with balance of response in 5:56

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 72

72

Planning Zone 2 (Map 6.2)

Structure Fire Suppression Planning zone 2 consists primarily of single family residential (SFR) homes. Zone 2 accounts for the second largest number of building units per zone in the City. SFR buildings are Type V construction, also known as light weight construction or wood frame construction, and account for the majority of building fires in the City. Single family residential structures are not required to have fire protection systems such as fire sprinklers. Modern building materials, finishes and furnishings in these buildings cause rapid fire development, growth and spread. Rapid fire spread increases the risk to occupants, especially to those who are unable to evacuate without assistance, and poses an increased risk to firefighters performing fire and rescue operations. Planning Zone 2 is also home to Longmont United Hospital, Hover Manor and the FAA Air Traffic Control Center.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 73

73

Table 6.2 lists the maximum response times for the current response to arrive on scene.

(Table 6.2) Response times based on all units being in their stations All Risk Levels 1st Due 2nd Due 1st Due Truck 3rd Due 4th Due Engine Engine Engine Engine Dispatched after first due reports working fire Alarm Received 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 to Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 *2:30 Responding Station 5 cross staffs 2155 & (average time) 2157 which adds to turnout times Responding Time 3:56 4:08 5:06 6:31 *8:59 to Arrival Time Current Maximum 7:21 7:33 8:31 9:56 13:23 Response Times Station / Planning Total Units Total Actual Value Total Assessed Value Total Finished Square Feet Zone 2 8010 2,501,445,299 212,610,181 11,215,897 “2nd Alarm” arrival time of the second ladder truck after the alarm is requested is 21:35

Emergency Medical Services 1st Due Engine 1st Due Ambulance 2nd Due Engine Alarm Received to 1:54 1:54 1:54 Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 Responding Responding to Arrival 3:56 5:27 5:27 Total Time 7:21 8:52 8:52 Planning Zone 2 currently receives 2102 within 7:21. All risk levels of the current response force will arrive on scene within 8:52; this 8:52 time accounts for an ambulance (responding from either station 1, 4, or 6) and a second due engine responding to complete our PIT crew for cardiac arrest calls.

Low Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, or engine and ambulance, non-emergent, within 8:52 Medium Risk calls will currently receive an engine and ambulance emergent within 8:52. High Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, and up to two engines emergent within 8:52.

*8:52 calculated with the longest first due ambulance travel time of 5:27 being 2121 to Airport Road and Rogers Road. Furthest first due Engine 2102 arrival travel time being 3:56 to Airport Road and Ute Highway.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 74

74

Hazardous Materials The following shows the breakdown of the response time for each event type: Low Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 5:56 Total Time: 8:59 Moderate Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 5:56 Total Time: 8:59 High Risk Hazmat Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full BCHMT arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional Regional, State or Federal resources.

Examples of high risk facilities include: Sunset Swimming Pool located at 1800 Longs Peak Ave.

Technical Rescue Low Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 3:56, current response force arrives 6:31 Moderate Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 3:56, current response force arrives 6:31 High Risk Technical Rescue Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full Longmont Technical Rescue Team arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional County or Regional resources.

Wildland Station 2 has both low and moderate risk wildland fire areas. Station 2 will cross staff to 2132 for these calls. Additionally, 2132 is the mutual aid engine for areas west of the city. Low Risk Wildfire: First due will arrive in 4:58 with the balance of response in 5:56 Moderate Risk Wildfire: First due will arrive in 4:58 with the balance of response in 5:56

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 75

75

Planning Zone 3 (Map 6.3)

Structure Fire Suppression Planning zone 3 has the greatest number of buildings per zone with just over 8,700 units. Comprised primarily of single family residential dwellings; current expansion in zone 3 includes several high density multi-family multi-story residential units. The majority of the buildings in zone 3 are Type V construction without fire sprinkler systems and therefore present the same hazards to occupants and fire crews as described in zone 2. Many newly constructed multi-family residential structures in zone 3 are equipped with fire protection systems helping to reduce the risk to both occupants and firefighters. A small industrial park, south of 3rd Avenue and east of Lashley Street, is home to some commercial, retail and office type occupancies. These structures consist of Type III & V buildings most of which are equipped with fire protection systems. Zone 3 is also the largest geographical area in the city as indicated by the response times in table 6.3. Longer response times at the further reaches of the zone allows an increase in fire growth which increases the risk to civilians and firefighters. Zone 3 is home to Centennial Pool, Skyline High School, Longs Peak Hospital, McLane Western and Smuckers Manufacturing.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 76

76

Table 6.3 lists the minimum, mean and maximum response times for the current response to arrive on scene.

(Table 6.3) Response times based on all units being in their stations All Risk Levels 1st Due 2nd Due 1st Due Truck 3rd Due 4th Due Engine Engine Engine Engine Dispatched after first due reports working fire Alarm Received 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 to Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 *2:30 Responding Station 5 cross staffs 2155 & (average time) 2157 which adds to turnout times Responding Time 6:13 8:36 10:35 9:05 *14:33 to Arrival Time Current Maximum 9:38 12:01 14:00 12:30 18:57 Response Times Station/Planning Total Units Total Actual Value Total Assessed Value Total Finished Square Feet Zone 3 8722 2,722,425,019 232,358,973 13,847,243 “2nd Alarm” arrival time of the second ladder truck after the alarm is requested is 29:35

Emergency Medical Services 1st Due Engine 1st Due Ambulance 2nd Due Engine Alarm Received to 1:54 1:54 1:54 Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 Responding Responding to Arrival 6:13 8:36 8:36 Total Time 9:38 12:01 12:01

Planning Zone 3 currently receives 2103 within 9:38. All risk levels of the current response force will arrive on scene within 12:01; this 12:01 time accounts for an ambulance (responding from either station 1, 4, or 6) and a second due engine responding to complete our PIT crew for cardiac arrest calls.

Low Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, or engine and ambulance, non-emergent, within 12:01. Medium Risk calls will currently receive an engine and ambulance emergent within 12:01. High Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, and up to two engines emergent within 12:01.

*9:38 and 12:01 all calculated with the furthest intersection for first due Engine 2103 and Ambulance 2124 and second due Engine 2104 being Weld County Road 28 and Weld County Road 3.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 77

77

Hazardous Materials The following shows the breakdown of the response time for each event type: Low Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 11:13 Total Time: 14:33 Moderate Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 11:13 Total Time: 14:33 High Risk Hazmat Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full BCHMT arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional Regional, State or Federal resources. Examples of high risk facilities include: Smuckers located at 2900 Peak Ave, Circle Graphics located at 120 9th Ave, Centennial Swimming Pool located at 1201 Alpine Street, Comcast located at 434 Kimbark Street

Technical Rescue Low Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 6:13, current response force arrives 9:05 Moderate Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 6:13, current response force arrives 9:05 High Risk Technical Rescue Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full Longmont Technical Rescue Team arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional County or Regional resources.

Wildland Station 3 has both Low and Moderate wildland fire risk. Station 3 will cross staff 3133 for these calls. Additionally, 2133 is the primary mutual aid engine for wildland fires east of the City Low risk wildfire: First due will arrive in 8:13 with the balance of the response in 8:36 Moderate risk wildfire: First due will arrive in 8:13 with the balance of the response in 8:36

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 78

78

Planning Zone 4 (Map 6.4)

Structure Fire Suppression Planning zone 4, representing north-central Longmont, is a mix of single family residential, high density multi-family multi-story residential, multi-story elderly care facilities, commercial and retail buildings. Zone 4 is divided in half by north Main Street. Commercial, retail, office and strip mall type occupancies make up the majority of the buildings two blocks to the east and west and along the Main Street corridor. Building Types II, III & V make up the blend of structures in Zone 4. Newer constructed buildings and renovated buildings are now equipped with fire protections systems. These buildings built and renovated to existing fire codes reduce the overall risk to occupants and fire crews. Older buildings in this zone such as strip malls, commercial, retail and some multi-story multi-family are still without fire sprinkler systems and pose and increase risk to fire crews. Large nursing and elderly care facilities in Zone 4 also pose risk to occupants and fire crews. Fires in these types of buildings require additional resources above the initial response to mitigate, evacuate and provide refuge for building occupants. Planning Zone 4 is home to the 1st Bank Building, Walmart Super Center, Life Bridge Elderly Care Facility and the Regent Senior Independent Living Facility.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 79

79

Table 6.4 lists the maximum response times for the current response to arrive on scene.

(Table 6.4) Response times based on all units being in their stations All Risk Levels 1st Due 2nd Due 1st Due Truck 3rd Due 4th Due Engine Engine Engine Engine Dispatched after first due reports working fire Alarm Received 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 to Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 *2:30 Responding Station 5 cross staffs 2155 & (average time) 2157 which adds to turnout times Responding Time 2:25 3:47 5:44 4:54 *12:01 to Arrival Time Current Maximum 5:50 7:12 9:09 8:19 16:25 Response Times Station/Planning Total Total Actual Value1 Total Assessed Value1 Total Finished Square Feet1 Zone Units 4 5327 1,377,487,362 141,653,453 7,026,814 “2nd Alarm” arrival time of the second ladder truck after the alarm is requested is 25:35

Emergency Medical Services 1st Due Engine 1st Due Ambulance 2nd Due Engine Alarm Received to 1:54 1:54 1:54 Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 Responding Responding to Arrival 2:25 2:25 3:47 Total Time 5:50 5:50 7:12

Planning Zone 4 currently receives 2104 within 5:50. All risk levels of the current response force will arrive on scene within 7:12; this 7:12 time accounts for a second due engine responding to complete our PIT crew for cardiac arrest calls.

Low Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, or engine and ambulance, non-emergent, within 5:50. Medium Risk calls will currently receive an engine and ambulance emergent within 5:50. High Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, and up to two engines emergent within 7:12.

*5:50 calculated with the longest first due engine and ambulance time being 2104 and 2124 to 15th Ave and Lamplighter Drive. Furthest second due Engine 2103 arrival travel time being 3:47 to Olympia Ave and Alpine St.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 80

80

Hazardous Materials The following shows the breakdown of the response time for each event type: Low Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 8:36 Total Time: 12:01 Moderate Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 8:36 Total Time: 12:01 High Risk Hazmat Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full BCHMT arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional Regional, State or Federal resources.

Technical Rescue Low Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 2:25, current response force arrives 4:54 Moderate Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 0:42, current response force arrives 5:13 High Risk Technical Rescue Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full Longmont Technical Rescue Team arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional County or Regional resources.

Wildland Fire Station 4 has both low and moderate risk wildland fires. Low risk wildfire: First due will arrive in 2:54 with the balance of response in 7:14

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 81

81

Planning Zone 5 (Map 6.5)

Structure Fire Suppression Planning zone 5 located in the southwest portion of the city represents a mix of single family residential, multi-family multi-story residential, commercial, retail, office and industrial use buildings. Zone 5 Commercial buildings have increased in number the last 20 years and are modern era Type II & III construction built with modern fire protection systems. Large big box retail space buildings such as Home Depot, Kohls, Target and At Home represent the modern shopping district in zone 5. These buildings present challenges to fire crews due to their large size and increased fire load. Supporting the FDC, stretching hose, searching and ventilating these buildings require resources in addition to the initial alarm assignment. Single family residential neighborhoods of Type V construction pose the same risk to occupants and fire crews as the other zones. Planning zone 5 is home to Vance Brandt Airport, Silver Creek High School, Seagate Technologies and AveXis Gene Therapy Manufacturing and Public Works & Natural Resources.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 82

82

Table 6.5 lists the minimum, mean and maximum response times the current response to arrive on scene.

(Table 6.5) Response times based on all units being in their stations All Risk Levels 1st Due 2nd Due 1st Due Truck 3rd Due 4th Due Engine Engine Engine Engine Dispatched after first due reports working fire Alarm Received 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 to Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 Responding (average time) Responding Time 4:10 7:36 10:54 9:19 10:54 to Arrival Time Current Maximum 7:35 11:01 14:19 12:44 14:19 Response Times Station/Planning Total Total Actual Value1 Total Assessed Value1 Total Finished Square Feet1 Zone Units 5 5025 2,368,136,406 317,305,817 10,435,139 “2nd Alarm” arrival time of the second ladder truck after the alarm is requested is 18:35

Emergency Medical Services 1st Due Engine 1st Due Ambulance 2nd Due Engine Alarm Received to 1:54 1:54 1:54 Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 Responding Responding to Arrival 4:10 7:36 7:36 Total Time 7:35 11:01 11:01

Planning Zone 5 currently receive 2105 within 7:35. All risk levels of the current response force will arrive on scene within 11:01; this 11:01 time accounts for the first due ambulance arrival, as well as a second due engine responding to complete our PIT crew for cardiac arrest calls.

Low Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, or engine and ambulance, non-emergent, within 11:01. Medium Risk calls will currently receive an engine and ambulance emergent within 11:01. High Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, and up to two engines emergent within 11:01.

*7:35 and 11:01 both calculated with the furthest first and second due companies being 2105, 2126 and 2106 all to the same intersection, Summerlin Place and Summerlin Lane.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 83

83

Hazardous Materials The following shows the breakdown of the response time for each event type: Low Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 45 seconds Total Time: 4:10 Moderate Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 45 seconds Total Time: 4:10 High Risk Hazmat Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full BCHMT arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional Regional, State or Federal resources.

Technical Rescue Low Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 4:10, current response force arrives 10:54 Moderate Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 4:10, current response force arrives 10:54 High Risk Technical Rescue Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full Longmont Technical Rescue Team arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional County or Regional resources.

Wildland Fire Station 5 has both low and moderate risk wildland fires Low risk wildfires: First due will arrive in 4:10 and the balance of the response will arrive in 11:19

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 84

84

Planning Zone 6 (Map 6.6)

Structure Fire Suppression Planning zone 6 represents the old city center. Buildings in zone 6 are Type II, III, IV & V construction. Zone 6 covers the southern portion of Main Street from 5th Avenue to the southern city limits. Older buildings in this corridor present high risk to civilians and fire crews due to decades of renovations and the lack of fire protection systems. Other areas of zone 6 include big box stores such as Lowes, Best Buy, Michaels, Bed Bath & Beyond and Sam’s Club. There are several buildings with businesses using hazardous materials and processes as described in Table 4.2 in the hazardous materials section 4, which poses a high risk to fire crews, occupants and civilians. The southern and western portion of zone 6 are a mix of residential neighborhoods, businesses and light industrial. On the western edge of zone 6 is the Village at the Peaks outdoor mall. The mall is home to many restaurants and the Regal 12 movie theater. This modern mall incorporates state of the art fire protection systems throughout its buildings. Zone 6 is home to the Safety & Justice Center, Civic Center, Library, Longmont Service Center, Longmont Power & Communications, Longmont Museum, Longmont Fire Training Center, Longmont Water Treatment Center, Boulder County Fairgrounds, PODS, and Front Range Community College.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 85

85

Table 6.6 lists the minimum, mean and maximum response times for the current response to arrive on scene.

(Table 6.6) Response times based on all units being in their stations All Risk Levels 1st Due 2nd Due 1st Due Truck 3rd Due 4th Due Engine Engine Engine Engine Dispatched after first due reports working fire Alarm Received 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 1:54 to Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 1:31 Responding (average time) Responding Time 4:12 5:46 8:28 7:23 8:13 to Arrival Time Current Maximum 7:37 9:11 11:53 10:48 11:38 Response Times Station/Planning Total Total Actual Value1 Total Assessed Value1 Total Finished Square Feet1 Zone Units 6 5411 2,199,449,508 326,755,648 11,993,970 “2nd Alarm” arrival time of the second ladder truck after the alarm is requested is 20:35

Emergency Medical Services 1st Due Engine 1st Due Ambulance 2nd Due Engine Alarm Received to 1:54 1:54 1:54 Dispatch Dispatched to 1:31 1:31 1:31 Responding Responding to Arrival 4:14 4:14 5:46 Total Time 6:39 6:39 9:11

Planning Zone 6 currently receives 2106 within 6:39. All risk levels of the current response force will arrive on scene within 8:11; this 8:11 time accounts for a second due engine responding to complete our PIT crew for cardiac arrest calls.

Low Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, or engine and ambulance, non-emergent, within 6:39. Medium Risk calls will currently receive an engine and ambulance emergent within 6:39. High Risk calls will currently receive an ambulance, and up to two engines emergent within 8:11.

*6:39 calculated with the longest first due engine and ambulance, 2106 and 2126, travel time being 4:14 to 9th Ave and Judson St. Furthest second due Engine 2105 travel time being 5:46 to Indian Peaks Cir and Parkview Dr.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 86

86

Hazardous Materials The following shows the breakdown of the response time for each event type: Low Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 3:37 Total Time: 7:02 Moderate Risk Hazmat Event: Call Processing Time: 114 seconds Turnout Time: 91 seconds Travel Time: 3:37 Total Time: 7:02 High Risk Hazmat Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full BCHMT arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional Regional, State or Federal resources. Examples of high risk facilities include: Wastewater Treatment Plant located at 501 E. 1st Ave, Matheson Tri-Gas located at 1861 Lefthand Circle, Circuits West located at 410 S. Sunset Street

Technical Rescue Low Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 4:12, current response force arrives 7:23 Moderate Risk Technical Rescue Event: 1st unit arrives on scene within 4:12, current response force arrives 7:23 High Risk Technical Rescue Event: Moderate Risk resources plus the addition of the full Longmont Technical Rescue Team arriving within 60 minutes with the potential to bring in additional County or Regional resources.

Wildland fire Station 6 has both low and moderate risk wildland fires. Low risk wildfire: First due will arrive in 4:14 with the balance of the response in 9:19

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 87

87

Part 7 Critical Tasking and Effective Response Force Recommendations

CASCADE OF EVENTS The Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI) has defined response time elements as a cascade of events. This is like that used by the medical community to describe the events leading up to the initiation, mitigation, and ultimate outcome of a cardiac arrest. It is vital to keep in mind that certain time events defined, such as turnout and travel time, can be directly influenced by the fire service via station locations and design, staffing levels, as well as local rules and procedures for response. Other factors, such as the alarm interval, can be influenced indirectly through public education and engineering initiatives. The fire service can also influence the call-processing interval through its ability to define standards and compel performance by its dispatch centers.

TIME TEMPERATURE STANDARD The “time-temperature curve” standard is based on data from the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Insurance Services Organization (ISO), which have established that a typical point source of ignition in a residential house will “flash over” at some time between five and 10 minutes after ignition, turning a typical “room and contents” fire into a structural fire of some magnitude. CARDIAC ARREST SURVIVAL RATE In communities where the fire service is the principal provider of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) first response, the goal is for basic life support (CPR and defibrillation) to be available to the victim of a cardiac arrest within four minutes of the event, and that advanced life support (paramedic service) should be available within eight minutes or less of the event according to NFPA. Early notification, distribution and concentration of emergency response services are thus paramount to successful resuscitation efforts. THE GOLDEN HOUR STANDARD In trauma events, the golden hour is the historic benchmark applied to victims with significant critical traumatic injuries. The golden hour reflects the concept that survivability decreases significantly if the patient isn’t in the operating room within one hour of receiving a critical traumatic injury.

Goals

 Reduced response time  Right resource to the right place  Simplicity/standardization  Reliability/capacity/resiliency  Common communication (Interoperability)  Common operating guidelines

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 88

88

General Benchmarks Standard of Cover Categories

Low Med High Notes Suppression Dumpster, Car Single Family Multi family, Nursing home High-rise EMS A/B C/D E Haz-Mat 1st due Dept. HM Team Tech Rescue 1st due Dept. TR Team Wildland Within city limits Open space Unincorporated Geo/weather based

Minimum Staffing

Apparatus Min Staff Truck/Ladder (T) 4 Engine (E) 3 Ambulance 2 Assistant Chief (AC) 1 Safety Officer (S) 1 HAZ-MAT Unit (HM) 3

Call Type Staffing

Low Med High Suppression 1E (3) 4E,1T,1AC,1S,1A (19) 5E,2T,2AC,1S,2A (28) EMS 1A (2) 1A,1E (5) 1A,2E (8) Haz-Mat 1E (3) 1E, HM, AC (7) Team Tech Rescue 1E (3) 3E, 2A, AC (14) Team Wildland 1E,1B, 1AC (7) 1E, 3B, 2T, 1AC, (19) Team

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 89

89

Response Times

Travel time Turn out time Call process time Total Response time Urban 4:59 1:30 1:30 7:59

NFPA Standards from 1710

Call process time Turn out time Travel time Total Response time Fire 1:19 1:20 4:00 6:39 EMS BLS/ALS 1:19 1:00 4:00/8:00 6:19/10:19

Fire Suppression

NFPA 1710:

1) Alarm Handling time a) Answering 15 seconds b) Alarm Processing time 64 sec 90%, 106 seconds 100% 2) Turn Out i) 80 seconds fire ii) 60 seconds EMS 3) Travel Time i) First Arrival - 240 ii) First Alarm – 480

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 90

90

Low-Risk Fire For a low-risk fire incident (ex: dumpster fire, car fire), the deployment is 1 Engine. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 3.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Due Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Due Initial Action Plan Company Officer 1st Due Safety Company Officer 1st Due Position Apparatus Engineer 1st Due Pump OP Engineer 1st Due Tools Firefighter 1st Due Attack Line Firefighter 1st Due Overhaul Firefighter 1st Due Total 3

Moderate-Risk Fire For a moderate-risk fire incident (ex: residential structure fire), the deployment is 4 Engines, 1 Ladder/Truck, 1 Assistant Chief, 1 Safety Officer, 1 Ambulance. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 20.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Engine Initial Action Plan Company Officer 1st Engine 1st Attack Line Company Officer/Firefighter 1st Engine Operate Pump Engineer 1st Engine Water Supply Firefighter 2nd Engine Two In/Two Out Company Officer/Firefighter 2nd Engine Primary Search Company Officer/Firefighter 2nd Engine Control Utilities Company Officer Truck Ventilation Engineer/ Firefighter Truck 2nd Attack Line Company Officer/Firefighter 3rd Engine Check for Extension Company Officer/Firefighter 3rd Engine On deck Company Officer/Firefighter 4th Engine 2nd Water supply Engineer 4th Engine Assume command AC Re-evaluate IAP Safety Second 360° Safety

Assume Safety ops Safety Patient Care Medic Rehabilitation Medic Total 20

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 91

91

High-Risk Fire For a high-risk fire incident (ex: Commercial, Industrial, Multi-family), the deployment is 5 Engines, 2 Trucks/Ladders, 2 Chiefs, 1 Safety, 2 Ambulances. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 29.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Engine Initial Action Plan Company Officer 1st Engine 1st Attack Line Company Officer/Firefighter 1st Engine Operate Pump Engineer 1st Engine Locate fire Company Officer/Firefighter 1st Engine Water supply Engineer 1st Engine Fire Department Connection Engineer 2nd Engine Primary search Company Officer/Firefighter 2nd Engine Outside/ Control Utilities Engineer/Firefighter 1st Truck Vent Company Officer/Firefighter 1st Truck Inside Crew 2nd Truck 2nd Attack Line Crew 3rd Engine Check for Extension Crew 3rd Engine 3rd Line Crew 4th Engine 2nd Water supply Engineer 4th Engine On deck fire floor Crew 5th Engine Assume command AC1 Division Sup on fire floor AC2 Re-evaluate IAP Safety Second 360 Safety Assume safety ops Safety Rehab Crew Ambulance 1 Pt. Care Crew Ambulance 2 Total 29

Recommendations

Longmont Fire does well on the low and moderate risk structure fires in terms of getting the appropriate number of firefighters and equipment to the scene. For high risk structure fires, Longmont Fire simply does not have the staffing to meet the recommended Effective Response Force within the national standard time frame of 10 minutes, 10 seconds. It takes a considerable amount of time to fill in a second alarm as resources are coming from nearby mutual aid agencies. As noted in Part 6, it takes between 18-29 minutes to fill an Effective Response Force to each of the furthest sections in each Planning Zone. The optimal daily staffing for the current Longmont system is 29 firefighters. Adding the Alpha car in 2020 will put the current daily minimum staffing at 25. As the City of Longmont reaches build out of 120,000-130,000 population and depending on concentration and reliability variable, additional firefighters may be needed beyond 29. The recommendation is that Longmont Fire should consider adding additional units to the system to reduce this liability.

Additionally, it is recommended that Longmont Fire reconsider its relief factor for daily minimum staffing. As noted in Part 3, the appropriate relief factor of 3.65 should be used rather than the current 3.48 in an effort to minimize overtime expenses.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 92

92

Emergency Medical Low-Risk EMS For a low-risk EMS incident (ex: Alpha and Bravo), the deployment is 1 Ambulance. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 2.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Incident Command PM A Incident safety EMT A Pt. Care Paramedic A Transport Crew A Pt. Assessment EMT A Total 2

Moderate-Risk EMS For a moderate-risk EMS incident (ex: Charlie and Delta), the deployment is 1 Engine, 1 Ambulance. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 5.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Incident Command Company officer Engine Incident safety Company officer Engine Pt. Lead Paramedic Ambulance Transport Crew Ambulance Family Liaison Company officer Engine Vitals/Skills Firefighter Engine Pt. Assessment Engineer/EMT Engine/Medic Total 5 High-Risk EMS For a high-risk EMS incident (ex: Echo), the deployment is 2 Engines, 1 Ambulance. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 8.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Incident Command Company officer 1st Engine Incident safety Company officer 1st Engine Compressions Firefighter 1st Engine Pt. Lead Paramedic Ambulance Monitor Company Officer 1st Engine Airway Engineer 1st Engine IV Meds EMT Ambulance Liaison Company Officer 2nd Engine Documentation Firefighter 2nd Engine Egress Engineer 2nd Engine Total 8

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 93

93

Recommendations As stated previously in this document, recommended unit utilization for ambulances is 8 calls per 24 hour period. Currently the unit utilization average for our ambulances is above this recommendation, with 2121 being the highest, at 9.2 calls per 24 hour period. When current call volumes were evenly averaged between the three units, all three ambulances exceeded the 8 call recommendation, with a max unit utilization of 8.08. The current average occurrence of simultaneous calls for all three ambulances is approximately once every day.  The addition of a 4th transport ambulance. Current and projected call volumes result in an increasing frequency of simultaneous calls that deplete all available EMS transport resources. An additional ambulance would help manage and share the increasing work load placed on ambulances, as well as reduce the occurrence of mutual aid ambulance requests that result in prolonged response times, (i.e. an ambulance responding from Boulder AMR).  An additional fire unit, staffed with a minimum of two personnel, one being a paramedic. This unit can handle both emergent or non-emergent EMS calls, provide additional assistance on medium and high risk events (not just EMS- can include Rescue Responses, HazMat incidents and structure fires), and community education. This unit can help reduce the work load of engine companies, and would be more mobile in the city. This unit can also help compliment a structure fire response in the event of a firefighter down/RIT situation or multiple civilian victims. The plan to have an additional unit like this has been in the strategic plan since 2008. In 2020, through the Public Safety Tax increase funding, an Alpha Car should be implemented. This will increase minimum staffing on each shift to 25 firefighters and provide the additional unit to handle low acuity medical calls and share the burden of lift assists with the Omega Truck.

Hazardous Materials Low-Risk Haz-Mat For a low-risk Haz-Mat incident (ex: vehicle leaking fuel), the deployment is 1 Engine. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 3.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Incident Command Company Officer Engine Incident Safety Company Officer Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer Engine Identify Company Officer Engine Contain Firefighter Engine Control Engineer Engine Isolate Engineer Engine Total 3

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 94

94

Moderate-Risk Haz-Mat For a moderate-risk Haz-Mat incident (ex: Barrel in Ditch), the deployment is 1 Engine, 1 Haz-Mat unit, and 1 Assistant Chief. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 7.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer Engine Incident Safety Company Officer Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer Engine Identify Company Officer Engine Decontamination Crew Engine Contain Firefighter HME Control Engineer HME Isolate Engineer HME Assume Incident command AC Total 7 High-Risk Haz-Mat For a High-risk Haz-Mat incident (ex: Chlorine Tanker Accident), the deployment is 1 Engine, 1 Haz-Mat unit, and 1 Assistant Chief along with Boulder County Haz-Mat Team response. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 7 plus Haz-Mat team.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer Engine Incident Safety Company Officer Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer Engine Identify Company Officer Engine Decontamination Crew Engine Contain Firefighter HME Control Engineer HME Isolate Engineer HME Assume Incident command BC Total 7+

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 95

95

The breakdown of the full Boulder County Hazmat Team response are as follows:

 BCHMT Hazmat Technician Positions  Hazmat Group Supervisor: 1 Personnel  Safety Officer: 1 Personnel  Entry Team Lead: 1 Personnel  Entry Team: 2 Personnel  Backup Entry Team: 2 Personnel  Research Lead: 1 Personnel  Research: 1 Personnel  Decontamination Leader: 1 Personnel  Decontamination Team: 2 Personnel  Site Access: 1 Personnel

* Breakdown of Agency Personnel Requirements  Longmont Fire Department: 3 Hazmat Technicians  Boulder Fire Department: 3 Hazmat Technicians  Mountain View Fire Protection District: 2 Hazmat Technicians  Lafayette Fire Department: 2 Hazmat Technicians  Louisville/Rocky Mountain Fire Department: 2 Hazmat Technicians  Boulder Rural Fire Protection District: 1 Hazmat Technician

Recommendations Currently, with the addition of the Boulder County Hazmat Authority Hazmat response within the City of Longmont is working well, however there is an ongoing need for the addition of new Hazmat Technicians, continued advanced level Hazmat training, and the addition of new equipment so as to stay on top of emerging technologies.

Technical Rescue Low-Risk Tech Rescue For a low-risk technical rescue incident (ex: elevator extrication), the deployment is 1 Engine. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 3.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer Engine Incident Safety Company Officer Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer Engine Mechanical Room Engineer Engine Access Firefighter Engine Door Force Company Officer Engine Total 3

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 96

96

Moderate-Risk Tech Rescue For a moderate-risk technical rescue incident (ex: vehicle extrication), the deployment is 3 Engines to include the Technical Rescue Engine (2101), 2 Ambulances, and 1 Assistant Chief. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 14.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Engine Pt. Triage Firefighter 1st Engine Stabilization Engineer (2) 1st Engine Incident command AC Extrication Engineer/Firefighter (2) 2nd Engine Safety Company Officer 2nd Engine Pt. Care Crew (2) 1st Medic Transport Crew 2nd Medic Total 14

High-Risk Tech Rescue For a High-risk technical rescue incident (ex: rescue from construction crane), the deployment is 3 Engines to include the Technical Rescue Engine (2101), 2 Ambulances, and 1 Assistant Chief along with Boulder County Tech Rescue Team response. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 14 plus Tech Rescue Team.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Engine Pt. Triage Firefighter 1st Engine Incident command BC Safety Company Officer 2nd Engine Pt. Care Crew 1st Medic Transport Crew 2nd Medic Total 14+

Recommendations

Locally, Longmont Fire is positioned well to handle the low and moderate risk technical rescue calls. However, the high risk calls will take a considerable amount of resources to handle. Operationally, Longmont Fire is working well with surrounding agencies to train and respond to these type of events. It is recommended that Longmont Fire formalize agreements, much like the HazMat Authority has done to better respond to these type of events. Getting and keeping staff trained at this level also takes a lot of time and money. It is recommended that Longmont Fire continue to support through funding and overtime for technical rescue training.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 97

97

Wildland Fire Low-Risk Wildland Fire For a Moderate-risk wildland fire incident (ex: Within City Limits), the deployment is 1 Engine, 1 Wildland unit, and 1 Assistant Chief. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 7.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer Engine Incident Safety Company Officer Engine Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer Engine Suppression Crew Brush Water supply Engineer Engine Assume command 1 AC Mop up Firefighter Engine Total 7

Moderate-Risk Wildland Fire For a moderate-risk wildland fire incident (ex: Open Space), the deployment is 2 Engines, 2 Wildland units, 2 Chiefs. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 20.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Due Incident Safety Company Officer 1st Due Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Due Suppression I. A 9 1 Engine, 3 Brush

I. Z

Water supply 2 Engineers 2 Tender Assume command 1 BC Mop up 2 Engine Incident Complexity 1 FDO Total 13

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 98

98

High-Risk Wildland Fire For a high-risk wildland fire incident (ex: Foothills), the deployment is 1 Engine, 3 Wildland unit, 2 Water Tenders, 1 Battalion Chief and, 1 Fire Duty Officer. The total personnel needed for an effective response force is 20 plus other resources.

Critical Task Task Assignment Unit Initial Incident Command Company Officer 1st Due Incident Safety Company Officer 1st Due Scene Size Up/360° Company Officer 1st Due Suppression II. A 11 1 Engine, 3 Brush

II. Z

Water supply 2 Engineers 2 Tender Assume command 1 BC Incident Complexity 1 FDO Total 20+

Recommendations Ralph Price preserve at Button Rock is within a high risk wildland fire area. Currently this area lies completely in the Lyons Fire Protection District. Although we have a good working relationship with Lyons FPD, Longmont Fire does not have any suppression authority or responsibility. This could potentially create issues where fire suppression priorities conflict with City of Longmont priorities in this area.

The Department should maintain current Mutual Aid agreements as well as formalize additional Mutual Aid agreements either through the County AOP or directly with the Fire Protection Districts.

Codes and Planning Through our ISO evaluation, it was identified that our fire prevention office, Codes and Planning, is understaffed. The work load and limited capacity of our current staff has also indicated that an additional FTE is needed. As growth in Longmont slows, there is still a high demand of work needed as the Fire Department is tasked with maintaining these buildings for the entire life of the building. The additional FTE (Fire Prevention Specialist) will help us with fire investigations, outreach and education, inspections, implementation of the new report management system, permits, plan review and pre fire planning. As the community grows, the staff FTE’s will need to be continually evaluated.

Dispatching- Longmont Emergency Communications Center (LECC) The LECC has three (3) major issues that need to be addressed and continually evaluated; 1. Recruitment and retention to fully staff a Fire dedicated dispatcher 2. Increase the building capacity to house the additional staff and remain Boulder County’s backup center for blackouts 3. Improve interoperability with the three other PSAP’s in Boulder County to accommodate auto and mutual aid and closet unit dispatching for fire agencies outside the city limits

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 99

99

Social Services Homelessness, mental illness, and addiction are a continuing challenge in our community. Fire Services is well positioned to assist in various ways to connect those suffering from these situations to the appropriate resources. While Fire Services currently plays a role in making referrals, and assisting with intakes for the Angle program, capacity remains. This capacity could be used in various ways to include helping build community capacity through further community engagement, utilizing our line paramedics for some of the mobile integrated health care services, and partnering with providers for operating low cost clinics.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 100

100

Appendices

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 101

101

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 102

102

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 103

103

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 104

104

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 105

105

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 106

106

32

2 32

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 107

107

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 108

108

SECTION: Policy ITEM #: 201 TITLE: Fire Department Response Plan DATE: 11/21/2017

TYPE: Policy

STATUS: Active

Omega 16:

Non-emergency, non-medical related service assistance

Still Alarm: Closest (1) Engine or Aerial Truck

Medical Alarm: Priority Dispatching

Wildland Alarm: Closest (1) Engine, (1) Brush Truck

Commercial Alarm: Closest (1) Engine, (1) Aerial Truck, Assistant Chief (2164)

Rescue Alarm: Two (2) closest Engines, 2101, Two (2) Ambulances, Assistant Chief (2164) (Note: If 2101 is included as a closest engine, please send an additional engine).

1st Alarm: Three (3) closest Engines, (1) Aerial Truck, One (1) Ambulance, Assistant Chief (2164)

Fill the Box: ____ Dispatch- Haz Mat 2155, 2157, Air/Light/Rehab to the scene (Note: if 2105 is included in the 1st Alarm dispatch next closest engine to the scene) ____ Request one (1) Mutual Aid Engine to staff one fire station ____ Request MVFPD Battalion Chief for safety officer. ____ Page CAD “2100 LFD FIRE COMMAND STAFF” & Everbridge “FIRE COMMAND STAFF”: “Fill the Box-address” ____ Dispatch Police Supervisor to Command Post ____ Notify Communications Supervisor ____ Notify Fleet Mechanic; Notification Only

2nd Alarm: ____ Dispatch the two (2) closest Engines, one (1) Aerial Truck, one (1) ambulance to incident ____ Page CAD “2100 LFD ALL CALL” & Everbridge “Fire All Call”: “2nd Alarm-address-Need 12 FF for Reserves” (Goal= 3 Engines and 1 Truck to cover city fire stations. Use additional Mutual Aid if needed)

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 109

109

(Request location of Reserves and Staging Area if not provided) Reserve 2107; 1.) ______2.) ______3.)______Reserve 2108; 1.) ______2.) ______3.)______Reserve 2109; 1.) ______2.) ______3.)______Reserve 2117; 1.) ______2.) ______3.)______Request two (2) additional Mutual Aid Engines and one (1) Aerial Truck to staff city fire stations (Mutual Aid for City staffing can be released once the city fire stations are staffed with at least 3 engines and 1 truck) ____ If 2105 was in the 1st Alarm, Page LEU for Air/Light/Rehab ____ Request for MCC ____ Page Fleet to Respond to Command Post ____ Notify Public Safety Chief; Notification Only *Confirm the need for the following by asking the IC: LPC, Water/Wastewater, PIO, Red Cross, Xcel Note: When a 2nd Alarm is requested before “fill the Box”, execute both, Fill the Box and 2nd Alarm processes

3rd Alarm ____ Dispatch three (3) Engines, one (1) Aerial Truck, one (1) ambulance to the incident ____ Page CAD “2100 LFD ALL CALL” & Everbridge “Fire All Call”: “3rd Alarm-address-All Personnel Respond” ____ Notify City Manager; Notification Only ____ Notify Emergency Manager; Notification Only

FIRE RESOURCES * For resources, start at the top and work down until requirements are filled. D Ae Br Wa Ho Te Di Swi Ha e En rial ush ter se ch Dispatch ve ft z Agency p gin Tr Tr Te Te Re Center Te Wat Ma t I e uc uc nd nd scu am er t D k k er er e MVFR 22 Weld X X X X X X Boulder Fire 25 Boulder City X X X X X X Boulder Rural 23 BCECC X X X Berthoud Loveland X X X X X Loveland Loveland X X X X X X X X Lafayette 26 BCECC X X X Louisville 27 BCECC X X X Frederick Weld X X X X X X Rocky Mtn 24 BCECC X X X Hygiene 28 BCECC X X X X Lyons 40 BCECC X X Lefthand 41 BCECC X X LEU BCECC X X

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 110

110

Boulder County 303-441-4444 Boulder City 303-441-3333 Weld 970-350-9600 Loveland 970-667-2151 PFA 970-221-6540

AMBULANCE RESOURCES

AMR 303-908-4000 MVFR Weld Pridemark 303-984-1911 Thompson Vly Amb Loveland Lafayette BCECC Louisville BCECC Frederick Weld Rocky Mtn BCECC N Colo Med Evac 800-247-4357 Air Life Denver 303-360-3035 Flight For Life 303-629-3900

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 111

111

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 112

112

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 113

113

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 114

114

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 115

115

Table 601 of the International Building Code (IBC*) identifies the fire-resistance requirements of building elements for the five construction types:

TYPE I – Concrete and steel structure, called fire resistive first built at the turn of the century designed to confine a fire by its construction. The building elements are of non-combustible materials, such as concrete and steel. The roof is also of non-combustible material, such as concrete or steel. TYPE II – This type building has steel or concrete walls, floors, and structural framework similar to type I construction; however, the roof covering material is combustible. TYPE III – This type of constructed building is also called a brick-and-joist and has masonry-bearing walls but the floors, structural framework, and roof are made of wood or other combustible material such as a concrete-block building with wood roof and floor trusses. TYPE IV – These buildings have masonry walls like type III buildings but the interior wood consists of solid wood, laminated wood, heavy timber or structural composite lumber without concealed spaces. A type IV building does not have plaster walls and ceilings covering the interior wood framework. TYPE V – Wood-frame construction is the most combustible of the five building types. The interior framing and exterior walls may be wood.

LONGMONT FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT AND STANDARD OF COVER 116

116