Juan Sánchez, Concepción
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UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA Master’s Dissertation/ Trabajo Fin de Máster STUDENT-CENTRED METHODOLOGIES APPLIED TO THE NATURAL SCIENCE SUBJECT: A CLIL PROPOSAL FOR THE 5TH YEAR OF PRIMARY EDUCATION Student: Juan Sánchez, Concepción Supervisor: Dr. Antonio Bueno González Department: English Philology Centro de Estudios de Postgrado July, 2020 ABSTRACT The present MA Dissertation consists in the design of a didactic proposal in the Natural Science subject based on the CLIL approach, which aims to contribute to improving learning and the foreign language proficiency in students of 5th grade of Primary Education. The paper presents a theoretical review of the CLIL approach, its principles, benefits and limitations, as well as the result of some initiatives. Moreover, it includes the evaluation of different Student-Centred Methodologies that benefit CLIL. The active, participatory and flexible methodology which it involves means that the teacher guides and scaffolds the construction of knowledge, while the student learns and uses an L2 naturally and spontaneously. Linking these methodologies enhances not only students’ communication and participation but also their autonomy, independence, creativity and teamwork skills that maximise each one’s learning. Key words: CLIL, Student-Centred Methodologies, Natural Science, English language. RESUMEN El presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster consiste en el diseño de una propuesta didáctica en la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales basada en el enfoque AICLE, que pretende contribuir a mejorar el aprendizaje y dominio de la lengua extranjera en los alumnos de 5º de Educación Primaria. El trabajo presenta una revisión teórica sobre el enfoque AICLE, sus principios, beneficios y limitaciones, así como el resultado de algunas iniciativas. Además, incluye la evaluación de diferentes metodologías centradas en el estudiante que benefician AICLE. La metodología activa, participativa y flexible que implica significa que el profesor guía y provee andamiaje para la construcción del conocimiento, mientras que el estudiante aprende y utiliza una L2 de forma natural y espontánea. Conectar estas metodologías no solo mejora la comunicación y la participación de los estudiantes, sino también su autonomía, independencia, creatividad y habilidades de trabajo en equipo maximizando el aprendizaje de cada uno. Palabras clave: AICLE, Metodologías Centradas en Estudiante, Ciencias Naturales, lengua inglesa. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION AND JUSTIFICATION ............................................................... 5 2. OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1. General objective .......................................................................................... 7 2.2. Specific objectives ........................................................................................ 7 3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................. 7 3.1. Student-centred methodologies .................................................................. 7 3.1.1. Cooperative learning ........................................................................... 8 3.1.1.1. Procedures for organising the classroom ................................ 9 3.1.1.2. Cooperative learning techniques ........................................... 12 3.1.2. The Task-Based Approach versus the Project-Based Approach .. 13 3.1.2. The Flipped Classroom ..................................................................... 14 3.2. CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) Context .................... 15 3.2.1. Origins and conceptualization of the CLIL approach ..................... 15 3.2.2. Methodological principles of a CLIL context ................................... 17 3.2.3. Planning and organising teaching in CLIL ...................................... 18 3.2.4. Limitations and possibilities of CLIL ................................................ 20 3.2.5. Benefits of a CLIL methodological approach .................................. 22 3.3. CLIL outcomes ............................................................................................ 23 3.3.1. Some CLIL initiatives in Spain .......................................................... 23 3.3.2. CLIL and Natural Science .................................................................. 24 3.4. The foreign language legal framework ...................................................... 25 4. DIDACTIC PROPOSAL ....................................................................................... 26 4.1. Justification ................................................................................................. 26 4.2. Contextualization ........................................................................................ 27 4.3. Objectives .................................................................................................... 28 4.3.1. Content objectives ............................................................................. 28 4.3.2. Communication objectives ............................................................... 28 4.3.3. Cognition objectives .......................................................................... 29 4.3.4. Culture objectives .............................................................................. 29 4.4. Contents ....................................................................................................... 29 4.4.1. Subject contents ................................................................................ 29 4.4.2. Language contents ............................................................................ 29 2 4.5. Key competences ........................................................................................ 31 4.6. Attention to diversity ................................................................................... 32 4.7. Interdisciplinarity ........................................................................................ 33 4.8. Sessions ....................................................................................................... 33 4.8.1. Session 1 ............................................................................................ 34 4.8.2. Session 2 ............................................................................................ 35 4.8.3. Session 3 ............................................................................................ 36 4.8.4. Session 4 ............................................................................................ 37 4.8.5. Session 5 ............................................................................................ 38 4.8.6. Session 6 ............................................................................................ 39 4.8.7. Session 7 ............................................................................................ 39 4.8.8. Session 8 ............................................................................................ 40 4.8.9. Session 9 ............................................................................................ 40 4.9. Materials and resources ............................................................................. 41 4.10. Timing ......................................................................................................... 42 4.11. Assessment ............................................................................................... 42 4.11.1. Students’ assessment ..................................................................... 43 4.11.1.1. Assessment criteria and assessable learning standards ...... 43 4.11.1.2. Types of assessment and instruments classroom ............... 44 4.11.2. Assessment of the teaching process ............................................. 47 5. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 48 6. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ................................................................... 50 7. APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 57 7.1. Appendix 1. Cooperative structures .......................................................... 57 7.2. Appendix 2. Session 1: Let’s know plants ................................................ 60 7.3. Appendix 3. Session 2: Parts of the plants ............................................... 63 7.4. Appendix 4. Session 3: Plants respond to the seasons .......................... 67 7.5. Appendix 5. Session 4: Plants nutrition, respiration and reproduction . 70 7.6. Appendix 6. Session 5: Flowering and Non-flowering plants (I) ............. 74 7.7. Appendix 7. Session 6: Flowering and Non-flowering plants (II) ............ 78 7.8. Appendix 8. Session 7: Plants adaptation ................................................ 82 7.9. Appendix 9. Session 8: Acid rain. .............................................................. 85 7.10. Appendix 10. Session 9: Let’s revise....................................................... 88 7.11. Appendix 11. CLIL Unit Checklist ............................................................ 91 3 7.12. Appendix 12. Students questionnaire to assess the teaching process 92 8. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES FOR APPENDICES .................................... 93 TABLES Table 1. Cooperative structures ………………........................................................... 12