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Soldiers Delight Ultramafite in the Maryland Piedmont

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Soldiers Delight Ultramafite in the Maryland Piedmont AVAILABILITYOFBOOKSANDMAPSOFTHEU.S.GEOLOGICALSURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current­ year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publica­ tions released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that may be listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" may be no longer available. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books and Maps Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Tech­ Books and maps of the U.S. Geological Survey are available niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey offices, of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single all of which are authorized agents of the Superintendent of Docu­ copies of Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of ments: Epicenters, and some miscellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtainable by mail from • ANCHORAGE, Alaska-Rm. 101,4230 University Dr. U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution • LAKEWOOD, Colorad(}--Federal Center, Bldg. 810 Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center • MENLO PARK, California-Bldg. 3, Rm. 3128, 345 Mid­ Denver, CO 80225 dlefield Rd. • RESTON, Virginia-USGS National Center, Rm. 1C402, Subscriptions to periodicals (Earthquakes & Volcanoes and Preliminary Determination of Epicenters) can be obtained ONLY 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. from the • SALT LAKE CITY, Utah-Federal Bldg., Rm. 8105, 125 South State St. Superintendent of Documents • SPOKANE, Washington-U.S. Post Office Bldg., Rm. 135, Government Printing Office West 904 Riverside Ave. Washington, DC 20402 • WASHINGTON, D.C.-Main Interior Bldg., Rm. 2650, 18th (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of and C Sts., NW. Documents.) Maps Maps Only For maps, address mail orders to Maps may be purchased over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution U.S. Geological Survey offices: Box 25286, Bldg. 810, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Residents of Alaska may order maps from • FAIRBANKS, Alaska-New Federal Bldg., 101 Twelfth U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center Ave. 101 Twelfth Ave.- Box 12 • ROLLA, Missouri-1400 Independence Rd. Fairbanks, AK 99701 • STENNIS SPACE CENTER, Mississippi-Bldg. 3101 Stratigraphic Notes, 1993 By AVERY ALA DRAKE, Jr., and LOUIS PAVLIDES U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2076 Two short papers propose changes in stratigraphic nomenclature in Maryland and Virginia UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GORDON P. EATON, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Published in the Eastern Region, Reston, Va. Manuscript approved for publication November 3, 1993. Stratigraphic Notes, 1993 ISSN 1071-7102 CONTENTS (Letters indicate the chapter) (A) The Soldiers Delight Ultramafite in the Maryland Piedmont By Avery Ala Drake, Jr. (B) Continental Margin Deposits and the Mountain Run Fault Zone of Virginia­ Stratigraphy and Tectonics By Louis Pavlides m Chapter A The Soldiers Delight Ultramafite in the Maryland Piedmont By Avery Ala Drake, Jr. STRATIGRAPHIC NOTES, 1993 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2076 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1994 CONTENTS Abstract......................................................................................................................... AI Introduction .................................................................................................................. AI Regional Geology......................................................................................................... AI Soldiers Delight Ultramafite......................................................................................... A6 Geochemistry................................................................................................................ A 7 Conclusions . .. .. ... ... .. .................................. .... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ..... A II References Cited ........................................................................................................... AI2 FIGURES AI. Highly generalized map of part of the Maryland-Virginia Piedmont showing distribution of ultramafic rocks ........ A2 A2. Generalized geologic map of part of the Maryland Piedmont..................................................................................... A4 A3. Photographs of phyllonitic foliation in the Oella and Sykesville Formations............................................................. A 7 A4. Photographs of serpentinized pyroxenite of the Soldiers Delight Ultramafite........ .............. ................. .................. ... A8 A5. Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element (REE) plots of some ultramafic rocks from the Maryland-Virginia Piedmont ...................................................................................................................................................................... A I2 A6. Graphs showing normalized plots comparing pyroxenite of the Soldiers Delight Ultramafite with other ultramafic rocks ........................................................................................................................................................... A I3 TABLE AI. Chemical analyses and CIPW norms of some ultramafic rocks from the Virginia and Maryland Piedmont ............. AIO Aii The Soldiers Delight Ultramafite in the Maryland Piedmont By Avery Ala Drake, Jr. ABSTRACT other ultramafic rocks in central Maryland and northern Virginia. The Soldiers Delight Ultramafite is a 29 km-long, tadpole-shaped thrust sheet in the central Appalachian Pied­ REGIONAL GEOLOGY mont of Maryland. It is a horse between the underlying Loch Raven Schist of the Loch Raven-Laurel tectonic motif The regional geology of the Maryland Piedmont in the and the Sykesville Formation of the Mather Gorge­ area of the Soldiers Delight Ultramafite is generalized in Sykesville tectonic motif. It was plucked from a footwall figure A2. Middle Proterozoic Baltimore Gneiss (Yb on fig. ramp somewhere to the east of its present position. A2, not to be confused with the Baltimore Complex) of the Most of the ultramafite is serpentinized pyroxenite. Laurentian craton (Rankin and others, 1989; Rankin, Drake, Geochemically, the pyroxenite is enstatolite. Much of this and Ratcliffe, 1993) forms the cores of gneiss anticlines that rock has been further metasomatically altered to soapstone constitute the largest internal basement massif in the central and talc schist. The most northeastern part of the rock body Appalachians (Drake and others, 1988). The Baltimore is serpentinized dunite that contains podaform chromite Gneiss is stratigraphically overlain by quartzite and schist bodies that were exploited in the past. The Soldiers Delight of the Setters Formation, and the Setters by the Cock­ also contains some metagabbro. eysville Marble. The Setters Formation and the Cock­ The pyroxenite of the Soldiers Delight differs geo­ eysville Marble constitute the Glenarm Group (0€ g on chemically from those in the Baltimore Complex of the fig. A2). The Glenarm Group was redefined by Drake Maryland Piedmont and the Piney Branch Complex of the (1985b) and Drake and others (1989) to consist of the Set­ northern Virginia Piedmont. It also differs from the ultrama­ ters Formation, Cockeysville Marble, and Loch Raven fic blocks in the Mather Gorge Formation of the northern Schist. This is incorrect as current work (A.A. Drake, Jr., Virginia-Maryland Piedmont, which are mostly serpenti­ unpub. data, 1991-93) shows that the Loch Raven Schist is nized harzburgite. It is unlikely that all these ultramafic thrust onto either the Cockeysville Marble, the Setters For­ rocks had a common source, as was previously suggested. mation, the Baltimore Gneiss, or the Laurel Formation. The thrust concept was first put forth by Jonas and Stose (1946), INTRODUCTION and reiterated by Rodgers (1970) and Fisher (1989). Rodg­ ers (1970), however, preferred to put the thrust fault at a Ultramafic rocks are abundant in the Maryland and higher tectonic level. Fisher's (1989) suggestion that the northern Virginia Piedmont (fig. A1). Most of these rocks Loch Raven Schist is the offshore equivalent of the Setters occur in blocks interpreted as olistoliths within rocks of the Formation is unlikely because microcline is the feldspar in Mather Gorge-Sykesville and the Loch Raven-Laurel tec­ the Setters, whereas plagioclase is the feldspar in the Loch tonic motifs. Other bodies are part of the Baltimore Com­ Raven Schist (Knopf and Jonas, 1929; Hopson, 1964). The plex. These tectonic
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