GLOSSARY C Length and Aperture
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A2 STEREO 2.35:1: The picture aspect ratio of some 35 processing video originated content, which COMPACT DISC (CD) and 70mm film. reduces motion artifacts for smoother image The official audio standard for analog reproduction. "Optical digital disc storage that television broadcasting in Australia. It is a AT ATTACHMENT PACKET encompasses audio, video, and computer technique of implementing stereo or dual- INTERFACE (ATAPI) BIT ERROR RATE (BER) data. mono audio for NTSC and PAL video. One A hardware and software specification that The ratio of received bits that are in error FM subcarrier transmits a L+R signal, and a •CD Digital Audio (CDDA): 44.1kHz audio, 80 documents the interface between a host relative to the total number of bits received. second FM subcarrier transmits a R signal minutes capacity. computer and CD-ROM drives using the It is used as a measure of noise induced (for stereo) or a second L+R signal. Also ATA bus. distortion in a digital bit stream. BER is •CD Recordable (CD-R): Write-once media, known as Zweiton Stereo. expressed as a power of ten. 700MB capacity, optimised for data use. AUDIO FREQUENCY MODULATION A-B REPEAT (AFM) BIT RATE •CD ReWritable (CD-RW): Re-writable The player will loop (repeat) a portion of a media, 700MB capacity, optimised for data The audio recording technology used in The digital equivalent of bandwidth, bit rate is disc between two designated points. use. Video 8 and Hi8 Handycam camcorders. measured in bits per second (bps). It is used AC-3 to express the rate at which the •CD Read-only Memory (CD-ROM): Pre- AUDIO VIDEO INTERLEAVED (AVI) compressed bit stream is transmitted. With recorded media, 700MB capacity, See Dolby. optimised for data use. A multimedia file format for storing sound a higher bit rate, more information can be ACOUSTIC TRANSFORM ACOUSTIC and moving pictures in RIFF format carried. •CD Interactive (CD-i): Provides audio, digital CODING (ATRAC) developed by Microsoft. An AVI file can use BLOCK NOISE REDUCTION data, still graphics, and limited-motion different codecs and formats so there is no video. "Technology that compresses audio data set format for an AVI file. Suppresses vertical edge distortions for a discarding the information that is smoother, more natural DVD picture. •CD plus Graphics (CD+G): Provides audio undetectable by the human ear whilst AUTOMATIC FOCUS (AF) and still graphics. Primarily used for preserving CD-quality sound. BLUETOOTH karaoke. "Senses the distance between camera and •ATRAC: Achieves approximately 80% subject, and adjusts the lens focus A standard for wireless connectivity. It is •China Video Disc (CVD): Precursor to compression rate in comparison to original accordingly. designed to eliminate cables between SVCD. MPEG-2 352x480 NTSC, 352x576 sound file. The original technology portable consumer devices such as cellular PAL, 44.1kHz audio, approximately 45 •AF Illuminator: Emits a orange light, making employed by MiniDisc. phones, laptop computers, PDAs and many minutes capacity. it possible to focus on an object that is other electronic products. •ATRAC3: Improves upon ATRAC by normally difficult in a dark place. •Super Video CD (SVCD): MPEG-2 achieving approximately 90% compression. Basic Imaging Profile (BIP): A unified 480x480 NTSC, 480x576 PAL, 44.1kHz •Hologram AF: An enhanced technology The technology employed by MiniDisc Long standard for image data transfer. audio, approximately 45 minutes capacity. that emits a red laser pattern for further Play (MDLP). improved low light focusing. BUS POWERED •Video CD (VCD): MPEG-1 320x240 NTSC, •ATRAC3 Plus: Further improves upon 320x288 PAL, 44.1kHz audio, 70 minutes AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL (AGC) Power is supplied through the computer to ATRAC by achieving approximately 93% capacity. the external device, eliminating the need for compression, with improved fidelity over A system to control the gain, or the increase a power supply. COMPONENT VIDEO standard ATRAC3. in the amplitude of an electrical signal from the original input to the amplified output, CD SYNCRO RECORDING ACTIVE BLACK PANEL (ABP) A video system containing three separate automatically. colour component signals, either Simplifies making MiniDiscs from compatible In standby mode, the unit is camouflaged as red/green/blue (RGB) or chroma/colour AUTOMATIC LEVEL CONTROL (ALC) Sony CD players by releasing from a flat black panel. In display mode, the panel difference (YCbCr, YPbPr, YUV) delivering Record/Pause mode when the CD player puts on a brilliant colourful light show, also enhanced detail and purity. See Automatic Gain Control (AGC). goes into Play. giving you access to most functions. In COMPOSITE VIDEO BASEBAND operational mode, the motorised panel AUTOMATIC MUSIC SENSOR (AMS) CD TEXT SIGNAL (CVBS) swings out revealing the full control panel Automatically locates the beginning of the CD Text gives you valuable information with and slots for discs. An analog video signal in which the current or following selection. CD text compatible software. Album name, luminance and chrominance components ADVANCED DYNAMIC SOUND artiste description, and song title can be AUTOMATIC RECORD LEVEL (ARL) are combined (by frequency multiplexing), GENERATOR (ADSG) easily accessed from the display. along with sync and burst. Also known as See Automatic Gain Control (AGC). Selectively improves the bass and treble CHARGED COUPLED DEVICE (CCD) CVBS. segment of your music. Unlike other AUTOMATIC VOLUME LIMITING CONSTANT ANGULAR VELOCITY technologies that cause unwanted phase SYSTEM (AVLS) A semiconductor device that can produce (CAV) change in the mid-range section, ADSG an electrical output analogous to the Delivers you maximum acoustics without amount of light striking each of its elements. produces natural sound effect without A buffer memory mechanism that prevents sound leak — all at volume levels that won’t CCD sensors are used in both motion video introducing distortion. its portable audio equipment from skipping damage your ears. Playback will not exceed and still video cameras. under most conditions. The technology ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) preset volume limits, which means that even recovers laser position 10 times faster than when you are on the move, volume will not CINEMA BLACK MODE An electrical current which, unlike Direct previous designs; so it can withstand the accidentally increase to an uncomfortable Current (DC), reverses flow direction at Lamp wattage output is reduced along with impact of jogging (and other sports). level. regular intervals, measured in cycles per fan noise. Cinema Black Mode increases CONSTANT BIT RATE (CBR) seconds or Hertz. The Australian standard is BALANCE blackness, extends lamp life and is ideal for viewing film sources. 230V, 50Hz. A uniform transmission rate. The relative loudness between the left and COAXIAL DIGITAL AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS right channel signals. CONTENT SCRAMBLING SYSTEM INSTITUTE (ANSI) (CSS) BARCUS-BERRY ELECTRONICS An coaxial digital line allows you to transfer sound in lossless, digital quality. A standards-setting, non-governmental (BBE) An encryption scheme designed to protect organisation that develops and publishes copyrighted material that resides on a disc Reduces audio distortion, adding a longer CODED ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY standards for voluntary use in the United by periodically scrambling the data using delay time to lower frequencies so that DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (COFDM) States. encryption keys. higher frequencies are transmitted Coded OFDM (COFDM) adds forward error AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM) simultaneously, thereby neutralising the correction to the OFDM method, which is CONTRAST RATIO distortion effect. the modulation technique used for digital TV A technique for transmitting radio signals. The measurement of the difference in light in Europe, Japan and Australia. See also Medium Wave (MW). BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM intensity between the brightest white and (BIOS) ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER CODER-DECODER (CODEC) the darkest black. (ADC OR A/D) A set of routines that works closely with the Hardware or software that converts analog CONTROL A1 hardware to support the transfer of This is the process of converting analog sound, speech or video to digital code and information between elements of the Multifunctional data bus system for better signal to digital signal. The accuracy vice versa (analog to digital — digital to system, such as memory, disks, and the communication between Sony audio depends on the sampling frequency and the analog). Video codecs are generally broken monitor. Although critical to performance, components. d number of bits used to describe the levels. into two categories: low bandwidth codecs the BIOS is usually invisible to the end user; that operate at 56kbps to 384kbps, and CONTROL L c ANSI LUMEN however, programmers can access it. high bandwidth codecs that operate at 384kbps and above. See LANC. A standard measurement of light output. BASS REFLEX b COLOUR SLOW SHUTTER D-BASS ARTIFACT A popular type of loudspeaker enclosure in a which an open port at the front or rear baffle Slows down shutter speed to record full Delivers dynamic, powerful bass Defect commonly occurring in digital video allows internal air pressure to reinforce bass colour detail in low light situations. reproduction, with 3 bass boost steps for resembling pixelation of the video image. response. adjustment of the bass enhancement level. COLOUR TEMPERATURE ASPECT RATIO BEST TUNING MEMORY (BTM) DECIBEL (DB) A measure of the colour of a light source The relationship