16:9: The pictureaspectratio that 4:3: The pictureaspectratio oftraditional avoid eitherverticalorhorizontalstretching. the aspectratiomustbekeptsameto an imageisdisplayedondifferentscreens, The relationshipofwidthandheight.When ASPECT RATIO resembling pixelationofthevideoimage. Defect commonlyoccurringindigitalvideo ARTIFACT A standardmeasurementoflightoutput. ANSI LUMEN number ofbitsusedtodescribethelevels. depends onthesamplingfrequencyand signal todigitalsignal.Theaccuracy This istheprocessofconvertinganalog (ADC ORA/D) ANALOG TODIGITAL CONVERTER See alsoMediumWave (MW). A techniquefortransmittingradiosignals. AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM) States. standards forvoluntaryuseintheUnited organisation thatdevelopsandpublishes A standards-setting,non-governmental INSTITUTE (ANSI) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS 230V, 50Hz. seconds orHertz.TheAustralianstandardis regular intervals,measuredincyclesper Current (DC),reversesflowdirectionat An electricalcurrentwhich,unlikeDirect ALTERNATING CURRENT(AC) introducing distortion. produces naturalsoundeffectwithout change inthemid-rangesection,ADSG technologies thatcauseunwantedphase segment ofyourmusic.Unlikeother Selectively improvesthebassandtreble GENERATOR (ADSG) ADVANCED DYNAMICSOUND and slotsfordiscs. swings outrevealingthefullcontrolpanel operational mode,themotorisedpanel giving youaccesstomostfunctions.In puts onabrilliantcolourfullightshow, also a flatblackpanel.Indisplaymode,thepanel In standbymode,theunitiscamouflagedas ACTIVE BLACKPANEL (ABP) •ATRAC3 Plus:Furtherimprovesupon •ATRAC3: ImprovesuponATRAC by •ATRAC: Achievesapproximately80% preserving CD-qualitysound. undetectable bythehumanearwhilst discarding theinformationthatis "Technology thatcompressesaudiodata CODING (ATRAC) ACOUSTIC TRANSFORM See Dolby. AC-3 disc betweentwodesignatedpoints. The playerwillloop(repeat)aportionof A-B REPEAT known asZweitonStereo. (for stereo)orasecondL+Rsignal.Also second FMsubcarriertransmitsaRsignal FM subcarriertransmitsaL+Rsignal,and mono audioforNTSCandPAL .One technique ofimplementingstereoordual- television broadcastinginAustralia.Itisa The officialaudiostandardforanalog A2 STEREO standard ATRAC3. compression, withimprovedfidelityover ATRAC byachievingapproximately93% Play (MDLP). The technologyemployedbyMiniDiscLong achieving approximately90%compression. employed byMiniDisc. sound file.Theoriginaltechnology compression rateincomparisontooriginal video. known asWidescreen. approximates thatof35mmfilm.Also algorithms tohandlethechallengingtaskof signal contentbyemployingproprietary etc). RespondstochangesinPAL video displayed byapaneldisplaydevice(plasma into aprogressivesignalwhichcanbe Used toconvertstandard(interlaced)video BI PIXELIPCONVERSION frequency. with thestrongestsignals,inorderof Automatically selectsandstoresthestations BEST TUNINGMEMORY(BTM) response. allows internalairpressuretoreinforcebass which anopenportatthefrontorrearbaffle A populartypeofloudspeakerenclosurein BASS REFLEX however, programmerscanaccessit. the BIOSisusuallyinvisibletoenduser; monitor. Althoughcriticaltoperformance, system, suchasmemory, disks,andthe information betweenelementsofthe hardware tosupportthetransferof A setofroutinesthatworkscloselywiththe (BIOS) BASIC INPUT/OUTPUTSYSTEM distortion effect. simultaneously, therebyneutralisingthe higher frequenciesaretransmitted delay timetolowerfrequenciessothat Reduces audiodistortion,addingalonger (BBE) BARCUS-BERRY ELECTRONICS right channelsignals. The relativeloudnessbetweentheleftand BALANCE level. accidentally increasetoanuncomfortable when youareonthemove,volumewillnot preset volumelimits,whichmeansthateven damage yourears.Playbackwillnotexceed sound leak—allatvolumelevelsthatwon’t Delivers youmaximumacousticswithout SYSTEM (AVLS) AUTOMATIC VOLUMELIMITING See AutomaticGainControl(AGC). AUTOMATIC RECORDLEVEL(ARL) current orfollowingselection. Automatically locatesthebeginningof AUTOMATIC MUSICSENSOR(AMS) See AutomaticGainControl(AGC). AUTOMATIC LEVELCONTROL(ALC) automatically. the originalinputtoamplifiedoutput, in theamplitudeofanelectricalsignalfrom A systemtocontrolthegain,orincrease AUTOMATIC GAINCONTROL(AGC) •Hologram AF:Anenhancedtechnology •AF Illuminator:Emitsaorangelight,making accordingly. subject, andadjuststhelensfocus "Senses thedistancebetweencameraand AUTOMATIC FOCUS(AF) set formatforanAVI file. different codecsandformatssothereisno developed byMicrosoft.AnAVI filecanuse and movingpicturesinRIFFformat A multimediafileformatforstoringsound AUDIO VIDEOINTERLEAVED (AVI) Video 8andHi8Handycamcamcorders. The audiorecordingtechnologyusedin (AFM) AUDIO FREQUENCYMODULATION ATA bus. computer andCD-ROMdrivesusingthe documents theinterfacebetweenahost A hardwareandsoftwarespecificationthat INTERFACE (ATAPI) AT ATTACHMENT PACKET 2.35:1: Thepictureaspectratioofsome35 improved lowlightfocusing. that emitsaredlaserpatternforfurther normally difficultinadarkplace. it possibletofocusonanobjectthatis and 70mmfilm. the horizontalscanninglineswithinaframe. Improves NTSCvideosignalsbyadjusting COMB FILTER temperature (approximately6000°K)and yellow tone;daylighthasahighcolour (°K). Lowcolourtemperatureshaveared- temperature, expressedindegreesKelvin relative toablackbodyatparticular A measureofthecolouralightsource COLOUR TEMPERATURE colour detailinlowlightsituations. Slows downshutterspeedtorecordfull COLOUR SLOWSHUTTER 384kbps andabove. high bandwidthcodecsthatoperateat that operateat56kbpsto384kbps,and into twocategories:lowbandwidthcodecs analog). Videocodecsaregenerallybroken vice versa(analogtodigital— sound, speechorvideotodigitalcodeand Hardware orsoftwarethatconvertsanalog CODER-DECODER (CODEC) in Europe,JapanandAustralia. the modulationtechniqueusedfordigitalTV correction totheOFDMmethod,whichis Coded OFDM(COFDM)addsforwarderror DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (COFDM) CODED ORTHOGONALFREQUENCY sound inlossless,digitalquality. An coaxialdigitallineallowsyoutotransfer COAXIAL DIGITAL viewing filmsources. blackness, extendslamplifeandisidealfor fan noise.CinemaBlackModeincreases Lamp wattageoutputisreducedalongwith CINEMA BLACKMODE and stillvideocameras. CCD sensorsareusedinbothmotionvideo amount oflightstrikingeachitselements. an electricaloutputanalogoustothe A semiconductordevicethatcanproduce CHARGED COUPLEDDEVICE(CCD) easily accessedfromthedisplay. artiste description,andsongtitlecanbe CD textcompatiblesoftware.Albumname, CD Text givesyouvaluableinformationwith CD TEXT goes intoPlay. Record/Pause modewhentheCDplayer CDplayersbyreleasingfrom Simplifies makingMiniDiscsfromcompatible CD SYNCRORECORDING a powersupply. the externaldevice,eliminatingneedfor Power issuppliedthroughthecomputerto BUS POWERED standard forimagedatatransfer. Basic ImagingProfile(BIP): other electronicproducts. phones, laptopcomputers,PDAsandmany portable consumerdevicessuchascellular designed toeliminatecablesbetween A standardforwirelessconnectivity. Itis BLUETOOTH smoother, morenaturalDVDpicture. Suppresses verticaledgedistortionsfora BLOCK NOISEREDUCTION carried. a higherbitrate,moreinformationcanbe compressed bitstreamistransmitted.With to expresstherateatwhich measured inbitspersecond(bps).Itisused The digitalequivalentofbandwidth,bitrateis BIT RATE expressed asapoweroften. distortion inadigitalbitstream.BERis It isusedasameasureofnoiseinduced relative tothetotalnumberofbitsreceived. The ratioofreceivedbitsthatareinerror BIT ERRORRATE (BER) reproduction. reduces motionartifactsforsmootherimage processing videooriginatedcontent,which appears bluish. A unified of fieldisaffectedbychoicelens,focal scene asviewedbyaparticularlens.Depth focus andthelastobjectinwithina The distancebetweenthefirstobjectin DEPTH OFFIELD Graham Bell(1847to1922). named forAmericaninventorAlexander electrical signal,equaltoone-tenthofaBel, compare therelativeintensityofacousticor The logarithmicunitofmeasurementto DECIBEL (DB) adjustment ofthebassenhancementlevel. reproduction, with3bassbooststepsfor Delivers dynamic,powerfulbass D-BASS See LANC. CONTROL L components. communication betweenSonyaudio Multifunctional databussystemforbetter CONTROL A1 the darkestblack. intensity betweenthebrightestwhiteand The measurementofthedifferenceinlight CONTRAST RATIO encryption keys. by periodicallyscramblingthedatausing copyrighted materialthatresidesonadisc An encryptionschemedesignedtoprotect (CSS) CONTENT SCRAMBLINGSYSTEM A uniformtransmissionrate. CONSTANT BITRATE (CBR) impact ofjogging(andothersports). previous designs;soitcanwithstandthe recovers laserposition10timesfasterthan under mostconditions.Thetechnology its portableaudioequipmentfromskipping A buffermemorymechanismthatprevents (CAV) CONSTANT ANGULARVELOCITY CVBS. along withsyncandburst.Alsoknownas are combined(byfrequencymultiplexing), luminance andchrominancecomponents An analogvideosignalinwhichthe SIGNAL (CVBS) COMPOSITE VIDEOBASEBAND enhanced detailandpurity. difference (YCbCr, YPbPr, YUV)delivering red/green/blue (RGB)orchroma/colour colour componentsignals,either A videosystemcontainingthreeseparate COMPONENT VIDEO •Video CD(VCD):MPEG-1320x240NTSC, •Super VideoCD(SVCD):MPEG-2 •China (CVD):Precursorto •CD plusGraphics(CD+G):Providesaudio •CD Interactive(CD-i):Providesaudio,digital •CD Read-onlyMemory(CD-ROM):Pre- •CD ReWritable(CD-RW):Re-writable •CD Recordable(CD-R):Write-oncemedia, •CD DigitalAudio(CDDA):44.1kHzaudio,80 data. encompasses audio,video,andcomputer "Optical digitaldiscstoragethat (CD) capacity. 320x288 PAL, 44.1kHzaudio,70minutes audio, approximately45minutescapacity. 480x480 NTSC,480x576PAL, 44.1kHz minutes capacity. PAL, 44.1kHzaudio, approximately45 SVCD. MPEG-2352x480NTSC,352x576 karaoke. and stillgraphics.Primarilyusedfor video. data, stillgraphics,andlimited-motion optimised fordatause. recorded media,700MBcapacity, use. media, 700MBcapacity, optimisedfordata 700MB capacity, optimisedfordatause. minutes capacity. 157 b d a GLOSSARY c length and aperture. Depth of field increases that it generally uses higher data rates DIRECT CURRENT (DC) ELECTRONIC PROGRAM GUIDE with shorter focal lengths and smaller offering better quality. (EPG) aperture openings. An electrical current which, unlike Alternate •DTS: Digital discrete 5.1 sound (left, centre, Current (AC), maintains a steady flow and An application used with digital set-top DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON (DLC) right, rear left, rear right, low frequency does not reverse directions. DC cannot be boxes and newer televisions to list current emitter). measured in cycles per seconds or Hz. DC and scheduled programming plus a short A thin carbon-based coating that has high current is either generated from a battery or summary or commentary for each program. hardness and low friction. •DTS Discrete 6.1: Digital discrete 6.1 sound derived from alternating current through a (left, centre, right, rear left, rear centre, rear EQUALISER (EQ) DIGITAL 8 (D8) special circuit. Many electronic circuits right, low frequency emitter). require DC current in their operation. Allows adjustment of the level of specific Digital using traditional •DTS ES 96/24: Digital discrete 5.1 sound audio frequencies. Most equalisers graphic 8mm tapes. Many Digital 8 can DIRECT DIGITAL SYNC (left, centre, right, rear left, rear right, low equalisers can be pre-set or manually view 8mm and Hi8 tapes, but Digital 8 frequency emitter) using extended Locks the Digital to Analogue converter to adjusted. recordings can't be viewed on an 8mm or bandwidth (up to 96kHz) designed for the master clock to prevent time based Hi8 . EXTENDED DEFINITION (ED) music. errors such as jitter or phasing anomalies. (DAT) The results are improved imaging and •DTS ES Matrix 6.1: Digital discrete 5.1 sound A speaker design that accommodates the depth. far wider frequency response of high- A consumer & professional recording and (left, centre, right, rear left, rear centre, rear resolution audio sources like the Super playback media for high-quality audio. right, low frequency emitter) with matrix DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS (DMA) rear centre. Audio Compact Disc. Compared to the DIGITAL AUTO TRACKING A method of moving data from a device to conventional cut-off of 20,000Hz; it can •DTS Neo 6: Digital matrix 6.1 sound (left, memory (or vice versa) without the help of achieve a response of 50,000Hz or more. Automatically check the tracking when a centre, right, rear left, rear centre, rear right, the microprocessor. The system board uses EXTENDED GRAPHICS ARRAY (XGA) video tape starts playing and adjusts if low frequency emitter). a DMA controller to handle a fixed number necessary. of channels, each of which can be used by DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER An XGA display has 1020 horizontal pixels by only one device at a time. DIGITAL CINEMA SOUND (DCS) (DAC) 768 vertical pixels, giving it a total display (DSD) resolution of 783,360 individual pixels. Recreates the sound characteristics of A conversion process that takes a digital FIREWIRE Hollywood dubbing studios used for signal and converts it into an analog signal Is the advanced recording technology that recording movie soundtracks. It is a usually by a process of filtering. makes SACD possible. Standard CDs use See IEEE 1394. combination of Cinema Studio 44.1kHz/16-bit PCM to represent audio in •Advanced Pulse DAC: Uses a high reverberation, Virtual Multi Dimension and digital form. DSD, on the other hand, is a 1- FOCAL LENGTH precision algorithm to produce an Screen Depth Matching. This is all made bit technology that samples music 2.82 extremely high pulse density; resulting in The distance between the optical centre of possible by a powerful digital signal million times per second, capturing 4 times better sound quality. a lens and the image plane). The focal length processing chip that improves on the more information. The resulting sound is is measured in millimetres and determines dynamism of every soundtrack. warmer, smoother, and more "analog" than DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC (DVD) both the magnification and the angle of view anything 44.1kHz/16-bit PCM can deliver. •Cinema Studio A: Optical digital disc storage that of a lens. Entertainment Cary Grant Theatre, suitable DISC AT ONCE (DAO) encompasses audio, video, and computer FRAME RECORDING for most movies. data. DVD uses the UDF file system. Single- The CD-ROM disc is created in one side, single-layer discs have 4.7GB capacity; Captures video, a single frame at a time. •Cinema Studio B: Sony Pictures continuous write. This format can be read by through to double-sided, dual-layer discs Useful in the filming of "stop motion" Entertainment Kim Novak theatre, ideal for all platforms and all CD-ROM drives. action movies. with 17GB capacity. animation. DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM •DVD Video: Pre-mastered video discs. FRAMES PER SECOND (FPS) •Cinema Studio C: Sony Pictures (DCT) Entertainment Scoring Studio, ideal for •DVD Audio (DVD-A): Pre-mastered media A measure of the rate at which pictures are Method of data compression of musicals or orchestral soundtracks. incorporating extended bandwidth or 5.1 shown for a motion video image. pictures by resolving blocks of the picture channel audio along with limited video DIGITAL CONSTANT IMAGE (DCI) (8x8 pixels). FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) content. Only switching the pixels in an LCD DOLBY The radio band from 87.5MHz to 108.0MHz •DVD Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM): Pre- projector, in parts of the picture when in Australia, with 0.2MHz intervals. movement is present ensures a clean stable recorded media, 4.7GB capacity, optimised •Dolby B: 10dB tape noise reduction picture with no flicker. for data use. GAME SYNC MIXING •Dolby C: 20dB tape noise reduction DIGITAL EXTENDED PROCESSOR •DVD ""Minus"" Recordable (DVD-R): Write- Mixes game sound input with your favourite •Dolby HX Pro: Avoids tape saturation and (DXP) once media, 4.7GB capacity, optimised for music tracks for a more enjoyable gaming improves high-frequency headroom. video use. experience. Increasing the signal to 14-bits achieves a Compatible with any playback deck, more accurate conversion through •DVD ""Minus"" ReWritable (DVD-RW): Re- whether or not it has HX Pro circuitry. G-CODE improved signal to noise ratio, and results in writable (1,000 times) media, 4.7GB •Dolby Surround: Analog stereo matrix 3.0 G-Code numbers appear in TV guides and more vivid capture of both light and dark capacity, optimised for video use. sound (left, right, rear). newspaper television pages. Entering this images, while also rendering a more •DVD ""Minus"" ReWritable Video Recording number into compatible recorders greatly detailed and clearer picture. •Dolby Surround Pro Logic: Analog stereo Mode (DVD-RW VR Mode): Allows for simplifies record programming. matrix 4.0 sound (left, centre, right, rear). DIGITAL NOISE REDUCTION (DNR) added flexibility when recording and GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE editing. Features such as in camera editing, •Dolby Surround Pro Logic II: Analog stereo When video signals are compressed, digital COMMUNICATIONS (GSM) erase and re-recording, play list display are matrix 5.1 sound (left, centre, right, rear left, noise can appear on some portions of a possible. Playback is limited to compatible rear right, low frequency effects). A standard for digital mobile communication DVD disc and are sometimes visible to a products. and is the world's most widespread discerning videophile. Digital Noise •Virtual Dolby Surround: Simulated surround standard used in Europe, Africa, Middle East, Reduction results in less flickering in still •DVD ""Minus"" Random Access Memory sound through stereo speakers by utilising parts of the USA, Australia and Asia. Upon its background portions. (DVD-RAM): Re-writable media, 4.7GB audio phase shifting. capacity, optimised for data use. creation, GSM, an open, digital standard was DIGITAL PITCH CONTROL (DPC) •Dolby Digital 5.1: Digital discrete 5.1 sound intended to make possible a range of new •DVD ""Plus"" Recordable (DVD+R): Write- (left, centre, right, rear left, rear right, low services, features and applications which Makes high/low speed play-back voices once media, 4.7GB capacity, optimised for frequency effects). Also known as AC-3. could not be achieved with analog systems. sound more normal, making it easier to video and data use. understand the recorded words. •Dolby Digital Surround EX: Digital discrete G-PROTECTION •DVD ""Plus"" ReWritable (DVD+RW): Re- 5.1 sound (left, centre, right, rear left, rear DIGITAL REALITY CREATION — A buffer memory mechanism that prevents writable (100,000 times) media, 4.7GB centre, rear right, low frequency effects) MULTI FUNCTION (DRC-MF) its portable audio equipment from skipping capacity, optimised for video and data use. with matrixed rear centre. under most conditions. The technology "Uses a digital signal processing based DIGITAL VIDEO BROADCASTING DYE SUBLIMATION recovers laser position 10 times faster than algorithm to deliver sharper and clearer (DVB) previous designs; so it can withstand the images. A printing process where wax film is impact of jogging (and other sports) at the The transmission scheme for terrestrial thermally transferred to printing media. Dye •DRC1250: Reduces the visible scanning rate of 8G impacts, 3 times per second. digital television. sublimation is generally no more expensive lines of a video picture. HERTZ (HZ) DIGITAL VIDEO ENHANCER (DVE) than other methods; however, it provides extremely high quality. •DRC100: Uses real-time field doubling to The unit measurement of audio frequency Utilises advanced digital signal processing to create a smooth, flicker-free video picture. based on cycles per second, named after greatly improve image quality. Edges are DYNAMIC BASS FEED BACK (DBFB) •DRC Progressive: Creates an excellent still German physicist, Heinrich Rudolph (1857- sharpened and bright and dark images are A highly sensitive bass enhancement image with minimal flicker and less visible 1894). One Hz means a signal has one cycle separated without adding contrast to the system that produces full-bodied bass scanning lines of a video picture. per second. overall image. sound even at low volumes. HIGH ORIENTED POLYOLEFENE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (DSP) DIGITAL VIDEO INTERFACE (DVI) DYNAMIC RANGE (HOP) Circuit that reproduces sound in the A specification created by the Digital Display The range, measured in decibels, between A very lightweight, rigid speaker cone appropriate setting: movies in a Theatre, Working Group (DDWG) to accommodate the largest and smallest reproduced signals. material which gives superb bass and mid- classical music in a Hall, rock music in an analog and digital monitors with a single range sound even when being driven at Arena, for example. connector. DYNAMIC SOUND GENERATOR (DSG) maximum volume. DIGITAL TELEVISION (DTV) •DVI-A: For analog signals HIGH PASS FILTER (HPF) Selectively improves the bass and treble See HDTV and SDTV. •DVI-D: For digital signals segment of your music. It produces natural A network of elements used to attenuate all DIGITAL THEATRE SYSTEMS (DTS) •DVD-I: For integrated (combined) analog or sound effect without introducing distortion. frequencies below a pre-determined digital signals frequency. Frequencies above the cutoff are DTS is a multichannel audio compression passed without effect. format similar to Dolby Digital, but differing in

158 color informationwillbelost. smaller youcompressthefile,more JPEG file,butsinceitisalossyformat,the can choosehowmuchtocompressa files smallerandquickertodownload.You degree ofcolorfidelity. ThismakesJPEG file formatslikeGIF, anditretainsahigh photographic colordepthbetterthanother JPEG compressesgraphicsof GROUP (JPEG) JOINT PHOTOGRAPHICEXPERTS displays ergonomic requirementsforflatpanel The InternationalStandardsOrganisation ISO-13406-2 •Smooth IntervalRecording:Captures1 •Interval Recording:Captures3framesat preset intervals.AlsoknownasTime Lapse. Capturing aseriesofimages/framesat INTERVAL RECORDING transmission orreception. shifted asanintermediatestepin A frequencytowhichacarrieris INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY(IF) quality withlimtedbandwidth. broadcast/shown tomaintainhighpicture even. These2fieldsarethenalternately numbered lines,theothercontaining video into2fields,onecontainingtheodd scanning breaksdownasingleframeof creates imagesonscreen.Interlaced The meansbywhichtraditionalvideo INTERLACE SCAN or imprintedonachip. and theirinterconnectionsthatareetched A complexsetofelectroniccomponents INTEGRATED CIRCUIT(IC) screen. time inminutesontheviewfinderorLCD charge andpreciseremainingrecording Battery technologythatdisplaysremaining INFOLITHIUM •IEEE 1394b:Supportsdataratesofupto •IEEE 1394a:Supportsdataratesofupto Also knownasFireWire,i.LINKorLynx. data inreal-time,suchasvideodevices. devices thatneedtotransferhighlevelsof guaranteed ratewhichmakesitidealfor isochronous data—deliveringata devices fromasingleport.Itsupports can beusedtosupportup63external "A veryfastdatatransferstandard,which IEEE 1394 Comment, GenreandTrack. Title/Song name,Artist,Album,Year, The tagcancontaininformationaboutthe Information storedattheendofanMP3file. ID3 See IEEE1394. I.LINK •Hyper HAD:AderivativeoftheHADsensor •Advanced HAD:Providesbrilliantresults sensors. electronic shutteringcapabilitytoITtype sensitivity. TheHADsensoralsointroduced in spectralresponse,verticalsmear, and A CCDsensorwithimprovedperformance HOLE ACCUMULATION DIODE(HAD) frame atpresetintervals. preset intervals. 800Mbps 400Mbps sensitivity. perceptible smearandnearlydoubled HAD sensorswithOCLhaveno mounted overeachsensingpixel.Hyper and theuseofmicroscopiclenses that incorporatesOnChipLensing(OCL) scenes orindoorevents. especially obviousfornaturalevening the signaltonoiseratio.Thisadvantageis dynamic rangewhichdrasticallyimproves greater luminancesensitivityanditswider even inlow-lightsituationsduetoits transportable, digitaldatastorage Developed bySony, MemoryStickisa number ofpixelspackedontotheCCD. camera's resolutionissimplythetotal of light-sensingpixels(pictureelements).A images withasensor, comprisedofanarray One millionpixels.Digitalcamerascapture MEGAPIXEL powerful soundwithlessresidualnoise input level,thusdeliveringevenmore controlled inaccordancewiththesound being played.Inaddition,soundboostis match yourtasteandthetypeofmusic Deepens andenrichesaudiobassoutputto MEGA BASS band. with 9kHzintervals.AlsoknownastheAM The radiobandfrom530kHzto1710kHz, MEDIUM WAVE (MW) playback. format topreventunauthorisedcopyingor recorded andtransferredinanencrypted Memory Stick,andthatprotectedcontentis between compliantdevicesandMagicGate protected contentistransferredonly products. Authenticationensuresthat MagicGate MemoryStickandcompliant A copyrightprotectiontechnologyfor MAGICGATE (MG) passed withouteffect. frequency. Frequenciesbelowthecutoffare frequencies aboveapre-determined A networkofelementsusedtoattenuateall LOW PASS FILTER (LPF) bass ofthesoundtrack. This trackdoesnotinherentlycontainallthe added tothesoundtrackforextraeffect. 120Hz, with115dBofdynamicrange)that's Strictly lowfrequencyinformation(20Hzto LOW FREQUENCYEFFECTS(LFE) broadcasting. used forhighpowerwidearearadio The radiobandfrom153KHzto279KHz, LONG WAVE (LW) Doubles VHSrecordingtimeofPAL signals. LONG PLAY (LP) device. AlsoknownsasControl-L. accessing statusinformationfromthe external controlofvideodevicesand The protocoldefinedbySonyforenabling SYSTEM (LANC) LOCAL APPLICATION CONTROLBUS cadmium. poisonous metals,suchaslead,mercuryor have nomemoryeffectanddonotuse computers. Inaddition,Lithium-Ionbatteries devices, suchasphonesandnotebook Lithium-Ion batteriesareidealforportable of itslightnessandhighenergydensity, highest electrochemicalpotential.Because the lightestmetalandthathas A typeofabatterycomposedLithium, LITHIUM-ION (LI-ION) a darkroom. them. LCDsareoftenback-litforviewingin transparent whenvoltageisappliedto that arenormallyopaque,butbecome A two-dimensionalarrayofsmallcrystals LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) require verylittlepower. produce eithervisibleorinfraredlightand As asideeffect,light-emittingdiodes which currentcangoinonlyonedirection. A diodeisasemiconductordevicethrough LIGHT EMITTINGDIODE(LED) bottom ofthepicture. content byplacingblackbarsatthetopand Converts widescreencontentinto4:3 LETTERBOX an inverseeffectthatcancelsthisdistortion. angle. Digitalkeystonecorrectionproduces caused byprojectingatthewrongvertical Keystone isadistortionoftheimage KEYSTONE CORRECTION An opticaldigitallineallowsyoutotransfer OPTICAL DIGITAL are ontheremotecontrolorunit. display toviewthemenu,whilecontrols Provides clearermenufunctionsbyusinga ON SCREENDISPLAY (OSD) (1789 to1854). for GermanphysicistGeorgSimonOhm electric current(I)andresistance(R),named The relationshipbetweenvoltage(V), OHM audio experience. in analogsignaltodeliverapurervideoor The processofreducingtheimperfections NOISE REDUCTION(NR) impossible withallothercameras. children andnocturnalwildlifeinawaythatis pictures orMPEGmoviesofsleeping light. NightShotmakesitpossibletotake picture iscapturedwithinvisible,infra-red which defeatstheflashandaninfrared the infraredNightShotmodeisactivated, no-light situations.Withtheflipofaswitch, Take monochromepicturesinlow-lightand NIGHTSHOT when thesignalisweak. providing highqualitystereosoundeven has proventobeextremelyrugged, system developedbyBBCengineersthat NICAM isadigitalstereocompression NICAM STEREO •NTSC 4.43:AvariationofNTSCwherethe •NTSC 3.58:TheoriginalNTSCstandard. America andAsia. in NorthAmerica;andpartsofSouth second, andistheofficialstandardforvideo lines at60fields(half-framesinterlaced)per "Analog videostandardthatdelivers525 STANDARDS COMMITTEE(NTSC) NATIONAL TRANSMISSION disc atonce. required youtoburnallyourdataontothe improvement overolderCD-Rs,which ROM ondifferentoccasions.Thisisan discs thatenablesyoutoadddataaCD- A featureofmanyrecordableCDdrivesand MULTI-SESSION interaction withthebiasfrequency. tapes duringrecordingandeliminates non-musical high-frequencynoisefrom Found inanalogcassettedecks,itremoves MPX See MotionPictureExpertsGroup(MPEG). MPEG-1 AUDIOLAYER 3(MP3) DV videofootage. Provides upto90minutesofhigh-quality, is usedinmanyconsumercamcorders. The miniatureversionoftheDVformatand MINIDV tape. images ofalltherecordedsceneson as theywouldaDVDbycreatingthumbnail users accessdifferentsectionsofthetape allows foramulti-searchfunctionthatlets 64-kb memorychip.Thechip MPEG-2 digitalvideofootageandaddsa Provides upto60minutesofhigh-quality, MICROMV •Memory StickSelect:Fullsize(21.5x50.0 •Memory StickPRODuo:Smallsize(20.0x •Memory StickPRO:Fullsize(21.5x50.0 •Memory StickDuo:Smallsize(20.0x31.0 •Memory Stick:Fullsize(21.5x50.0 http://www.memorystick.org technology. Formoreinformationrefer 128MB) 2.8mm), capacitiesupto256MB(as2x 31.0 x1.6mm),capacitiesupto32GB 2.8mm), capacitiesupto32GB 1.6mm), capacitiesupto128MB 2.8mm), capacitiesupto128MB known asPAL60. frequency andchromamodulation.Also signal isencodedusingthePAL subcarrier A digitaldatasystemthattransmitsinaudible RADIO DATA SERVICE(RDS) amplitude. quantized) aregeneratedtorepresentthe a seriesofpulsesincodedform(usually waveform issampledatregularintervalsand representation ofananalogsignal.The An uncompressed,digitallycoded PULSE CODEMODULATION (PCM) producing amorefilm-likeresult. reducing flicker, improvingcontrastand in asinglepass,fromtoptobottomthereby scanning reproducesanentirevideoframe to createimagesonscreen.Progressive An alternatemeanstointerlacedvideoused PROGRESSIVE SCAN playback fromimperfectconditionspossible. minor shakesandrattles,makingperfect imperfections likethewarpingofdiscs, mechanism. Itcompensatesforminor is superbwithoutacomplicatedswitching DVD andCDrecordings,playbackaccuracy separate readingheads(orpickup)toread Delivers clearDVDplayback.Utilisingtwo PRECISION DRIVE and mediatooptimisedisccreation. also continuestomonitorbothdatastream Advanced bufferunder-run technologythat POWERBURN source, overonecornerofthemainpicture. Displays asmallpicturefromanothervideo PICTURE IN(PIP) reference frequency. small quartzcrystaltogenerateastable synthesiser whichtunestheradiousesa might otherwisehinderthisoperation.The frequency andrejectsinterferencewhich receiver whichpreciselytunesittoastation An electroniccircuitemployedwithinaradio PHASE-LOCKED LOOP(PLL) •Type IIIcards:Upto10.5mmthick,whichis •Type IIcards:Upto5.5mmthick.These •Type Icards:Upto3.3mmthick,andare PCMCIA cards: types ofdevices.Therearethree several timesandisnowsuitableformany PCMCIA standardhasbeenexpanded memory toportablecomputers,the PC Cards.Originallydesignedforadding for small,creditcard-sizeddevices,called companies thathasdevelopedastandard An organizationconsistingofsome500 ASSOCIATION (PCMCIA) CARD INTERNATIONAL PERSONAL COMPUTERMEMORY calculation ofpowerpeaks. speakers oramplifierswhichworksby A methodofratingthepoweroutput (PMPO) PEAK MUSICPOWEROUTPUT content islost. screen, 25%to40%ofthewidescreen Whilst completelyfillinga4:3aspectratio cropping portionsofthewidescreenpicture. content byselectivelyzoomingand Converts widescreencontentinto4:3 PAN ANDSCAN saved totheharddriveorafloppy. or CD-RWinthesamewayasitwouldbe possible fortheusertosavedataaCD-R methods. Packetwritingsoftwaremakesit once recording),theothertwocommon or inblocksdefinedbytracks(astrack-at- a singleblock(asindisk-at-oncerecording), in multiplesmallblocksofdata,ratherthan the writingofdatatoaCD-Rincrementally, Packet writingisatechnologythatenables PACKET WRITING conduction. Improves signaltransmissionand OXYGEN FREECOPPER(OFC) sound inlossless,digitalquality. sufficiently largeforportablediskdrives. wireless cards. cards areoftenusedformodemand RAM toacomputer. used primarilyforaddingadditionalROMor 159 o d g p e h n k r f GLOSSARY i j l encoded information together with FM SÉQUENTIEL COULEUR AVEC SUPER PRO OPTIC SYSTEM VARIABLE ATTENUATION CONTROL signals. RDS makes tuning simpler because MÉMOIRE (SECAM) SYSTEM (VACS) it can display the name of a station An innovative system for rear projection TVs, Continually monitors the balance between transmitting an RDS signal, and it will find the Analog video standard that delivers 625 adopting the most superior CRT and optical the current and voltage amplification stages strongest signal for this station automatically. lines at 50 fields (half-frames, interlaced) per Technologies available do deliver excellent second. Once common in Europe and picture quality. in an amplifier, thereby reducing distortion •Program Service (PS): The station name, Africa, many countries that formerly even at high volume levels. SUPER VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY up to 8 characters. adopted SECAM have now switched to V-COMPRESSION (WIDE MODE) PAL. (SVGA) •Traffic Announcement (TA): Allows the A mode that only scans the lines within the radio to search for travel information and SHOCK RESISTANT MEMORY (SRM) An SVGA display has 800 horizontal pixels by 600 vertical pixels, giving it a total display picture area when widescreen aspect ratio switch to the tuned station automatically content is on the screen. This optimises See ESP. resolution of 480,000 individual pixels. during a traffic announcement. picture quality by not utilising scan lines for the blank area at the top and bottom of the •Alternative Frequency (AF): Allows the SHORT WAVE (SW) S-VIDEO screen. automatic selection of stronger signals The collection of radio bands ranging from Separated video. Offers improved picture where more than one exists for the same 2300kHz through to 27.41MHz. quality over composite video signals by VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY (VGA) station. separating the picture signal into colour and SIDE SHOT A VGA display has 640 horizontal pixels by •Enhanced Other Network (EON): This brightness information. 480 vertical pixels, giving it a total display service allows automatic switching to Image compensation (keystone correction) SYNDICAT FRANCAIS DES resolution of 307,200 individual pixels. another station for the duration of a traffic technology that allows the projector to be CONSTRUCTEURS D'APPAREILS VIRTUAL MULTI DIMENSION (VMD) announcement; this switching is only positioned off-centre in both vertical and RADIO ET TELEVISION (SCART) possible within the same network. horizontal planes. Overcomes one of the fundamental An audio-visual connection type, typically challenges in accurately representing SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (S/N RATIO RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) used to connect a television and other video theatre sound in a confined space. Using 3D OR SNR) Any frequency within the electromagnetic components primarily used in Europe. The processing technology, it creates five pairs of "virtual" surround speakers from the spectrum associated with radio wave The ratio of the desired signal level to the SCART cable can have up to 21 active pins existing rear speakers (or if unavailable the propagation. When an RF current is supplied level of unwanted noise. and can carry audio, video and control two front speakers). "Pitched" 25 to 35 to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is signals. It was developed by the French S-MASTER degrees overhead, these virtual speakers created that then is able to propagate company Peritel. create sound depth and scale, delivering a through space. Many wireless technologies A fully digital amplifier that enjoys excellent TAGGED IMAGE FILE FORMAT (TIFF) more realistic, spacious surround sound are based on RF field propagation. efficiency in processing sound signals as experience. well as minimising any loss during idling One of the most widely supported file RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) periods. It is also extremely frugal in energy formats for storing lossless, bit-mapped VIRTUAL PHONE TECHNOLOGY (VPT) Memory hardware that can be used by consumption due to the absence of analog images on personal computers. programs to perform necessary tasks while switches. The design and packaging of TELETEXT See Digital Signal Processing (DSP). the computer is on; an integrated circuit amplifiers can be further refined to produce memory chip allows information to be high quality, high power units that reside A group of text pages transmitted with the VOICE OPERATED RECORDING stored or accessed in any order and all within an even smaller chassis. normal TV signal that can be read using a TV (VOR) that has a teletext function. First regular storage locations are equally accessible. Voice-controlled recording on dictating SSIR-EX teletext transmissions were from BBC in RAW machines. Short signal paths between circuit sections Great Britain in the 1974. VOLT (V) An image capture setting that records the reduce noise and improve gain, ensuring a THEATRICAL ASPECT RATIO CCD image sensor's raw data (without stable and reliable tuner performance with The standard unit of electric potential. It is interpolation or electronic conversions excellent audio quality. High-quality circuit The picture aspect ratio that approximates defined as the amount of electrical potential applied) that allows the user to control and elements improve inter modulation that of 70mm film. between two points on a conductor carrying change recording parameters post shot distortion and sensitivity. a current of 1 ampere while 1 watt of power TIME MACHINE RECORDING including colour depth, ISO setting, white is dissipated between the two points. SSIR-EXA balance, saturation, colour bit depth and so Memorises several seconds of unrecorded VOLUME UNIT (VU) on. Automatically controls the intermediate data. This function automatically adds a frequency bandwidth in the FM band, missed beginning e.g. of a radio program A unit of measurement of the power of an READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM) reducing sound interference. that you may have wanted to record. audio signal. Memory hardware that allows fast access STAMINA TJANSTEMANNENS CENTRAL WATT (W) to permanently stored data but prevents ORGANIZATION (TCO) addition to or modification of the data. Drawing from Sony's wealth of experience Unit of power. More watts mean more in battery technology, Stamina technology A standard set in 1991. It is even more power, but how loud a system sounds also REAL DIGITAL SYSTEM delivers longer operating times. stringent than MPR II, especially for depends on speaker sensitivity and room A technology where all signals are alternating electric fields. Not only are the size. STANDARD DEFINITION TELEVISION processed digitally, regardless of source: permitted field levels reduced compared (SDTV) WHITE BALANCE minimising loss of signal degradation and with MPR II, but the measuring distance is resulting in highly accurate image •480i: Standard Definition NTSC signal - 480 reduced as well. The ability of a camera to adjust the color balance of a picture to compensate for the reproduction. lines, interlace scan with 4:3 aspect ratio. •TCO'95: Includes ergonomic and ecologic ambient lighting. RECOMMENDED STANDARD 232 •576i: Standard Definition PAL signal - 576 requirements. (RS232) WIDE BIT STREAM (WBS) lines, interlace scan with 4:3 aspect ratio. •TCO'99: Further expends the ergonomic Conventional MiniDisc playback is done with A standard for serial communication which STANDARD PLAY (SP) and ecologic requirements. 16-bit signal processing, WBS technology defines the voltages that are used and the TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION increases the rate to 18-bit or higher. This pattern of voltage changes. It is electrically The standard VHS recording time of PAL or (THD) results in more accurate playback of even unbalanced, meaning that the voltage NTSC signals. subtle sound signals, and greatly improves change on one wire is not balanced by an SUBWOOFER The amount of undesirable harmonics the signal to noise ratio. equal and opposite change on another. This present in an output audio signal expressed makes the scheme simple to implement, A type of speaker used to enhance bass as a precentage. The lower the percentage WIDE EXTENDED GRAPHICS ARRAY but less robust than other standards. response in an audio or home theatre the better. (WXGA) system. It contains a woofer (or woofers) in ROOT MEAN SQUARE (RMS) A WXGA display has 1366 horizontal pixels an independent enclosure. Subwoofers are TRACK AT ONCE (TAO) by 768 vertical pixels, giving it a total display A method of rating the power output of generally intended to cover the range below The CD-ROM disc is created, writing a track resolution of 1,049,088 individual pixels. speakers or amplifiers. In contrast to Peak 200Hz and can extend down to 20Hz or at a time; allowing for additional data (tracks) WIDESCREEN ASPECT RATIO Music Power Output, Root Mean Square below. They lend weight to the overall to be added at a later time. sound and presentation of a system by works through a mean averaging of the A range of picture aspect ratios that providing extended bass response and low- TRUSURROUND SRS components output. This rating provides a approximate that of 35/70mm film. Also far more accurate impression of the actual frequency impact which can be felt A technology from SRS Laboratory that known as 16:9. performance. physically, but is inaudible to the human ear, creates a broad, fully immersive sound especially on action movie soundtracks. •Anamorphic Widescreen: Squeezing and SCALE FACTOR EDIT (SFE) Due to non-directional nature of this bass image within the listening area that wraps unsqueezing the video frame. 1.78:1 is sound, a subwoofer can be positioned around the listener's head regardless of squeezed into 1.33:1 frame. On a wide Enhance your music compilation even after almost anywhere in a normal room. seating position. screen this screen can be expanded the recording is completed. Record level horizontally to form the complete TWEETER control allows changes to the recorded SUPER AUDIO CD (SACD) resolution. volume, meaning that difference in volume A loudspeaker driver designed to handle between different songs can be easily An alternative to the DVD-Audio format that •Letterbox Widescreen:" high frequency (treble) signals. corrected. Record fade in/out feature, on is designed to play on audio CD players and WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) the other hand, allows music fading Super Audio CD players by comprising two ULTRA EXTENDED GRAPHICS ARRAY transition to be performed in 0.1 second layers: one with CD-Audio the other with (UXGA) See IEEE 802.11. steps, up to 15 seconds in length. high quality audio. The audio encoding used is Direct Stream Digital (DSD). A UXGA display has 1600 horizontal pixels by WIRELESS LAN SCREEN DEPTH MATCHING 1200 vertical pixels, giving it a total display See IEEE 802.11. SUPER EXTENDED VIDEO GRAPHICS resolution of 1,920,000 individual pixels. This feature works alongside Cinema Studio ARRAY (SXGA) WOOFER Reverberation to "relocate" the front USB STREAMING An SXGA display has 1280 horizontal pixels speakers behind the screen, as they would A loudspeaker driver designed to handle low Allows connection via USB terminal to a PC be in a real cinema. The result is a larger by 1024 vertical pixels, giving it a total display frequency (bass) signals. listening space and a truer realisation of the resolution of 1,310,720 individual pixels. and broadcast live video with audio, edit theatre sound experience. images, capture still images or play back ZWEITON STEREO recorded video scenes. See A2 Stereo.

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