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Civil Society in Uncivil Places: Soft State and Regime Change in Nepal
48 About this Issue Recent Series Publications: Policy Studies 48 Policy Studies Policy This monograph analyzes the role of civil Policy Studies 47 society in the massive political mobilization Supporting Peace in Aceh: Development and upheavals of 2006 in Nepal that swept Agencies and International Involvement away King Gyanendra’s direct rule and dra- Patrick Barron, World Bank Indonesia matically altered the structure and character Adam Burke, London University of the Nepali state and politics. Although the opposition had become successful due to a Policy Studies 46 strategic alliance between the seven parlia- Peace Accords in Northeast India: mentary parties and the Maoist rebels, civil Journey over Milestones Places in Uncivil Society Civil society was catapulted into prominence dur- Swarna Rajagopalan, Political Analyst, ing the historic protests as a result of nation- Chennai, India al and international activities in opposition to the king’s government. This process offers Policy Studies 45 new insights into the role of civil society in The Karen Revolution in Burma: Civil Society in the developing world. Diverse Voices, Uncertain Ends By focusing on the momentous events of Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung, University of the nineteen-day general strike from April Massachusetts, Lowell 6–24, 2006, that brought down the 400- Uncivil Places: year-old Nepali royal dynasty, the study high- Policy Studies 44 lights the implications of civil society action Economy of the Conflict Region within the larger political arena involving con- in Sri Lanka: From Embargo to Repression ventional actors such as political parties, trade Soft State and Regime Muttukrishna Sarvananthan, Point Pedro unions, armed rebels, and foreign actors. -
Equatorial Guinea | Freedom House
Equatorial Guinea | Freedom House https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/equatorial-guinea A. ELECTORAL PROCESS: 0 / 12 A1. Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 0 / 4 President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Africa’s longest-serving head of state, has held power since 1979. He was awarded a new seven-year term in the April 2016 presidential election, reportedly winning 93.5 percent of the vote. The main opposition party at the time, Convergence for Social Democracy (CPDS), boycotted the election, and other factions faced police violence, detentions, and torture. One opposition figure who had been barred from running for president, Gabriel Nsé Obiang Obono, was put under house arrest during the election, and police used live ammunition against supporters gathered at his home. A2. Were the current national legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections? 0 / 4 The bicameral parliament consists of a 70-seat Senate and a 100-seat Chamber of Deputies, with members of both chambers serving five-year terms. Fifteen senators are appointed by the president, 55 are directly elected, and there can be several additional ex officio members. The Chamber of Deputies is directly elected. In the November 2017 legislative elections, the ruling Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) and its subordinate allied parties won 99 seats in the lower house, all 55 of the elected seats in the Senate, and control of all municipal councils. The opposition CI, led by Nsé Obiang, took a single seat in the Chamber of Deputies and a seat on the capital’s city council. -
Military Diplomacy and Its Role in the Foreign Policy of Nepal
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Theses and Dissertations 1. Thesis and Dissertation Collection, all items 2019-12 MILITARY DIPLOMACY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF NEPAL Rawal, Pankaj Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/64054 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS MILITARY DIPLOMACY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF NEPAL by Pankaj Rawal December 2019 Thesis Advisor: Anshu N. Chatterjee Second Reader: Carolyn C. Halladay Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Form Approved OMB REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) December 2019 Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS MILITARY DIPLOMACY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF NEPAL 6. AUTHOR(S) Pankaj Rawal 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. -
Narendra Modi Takes Oath As Prime Minister of India for the Second Term
# 1 Indian American Weekly: Since 2006 VOL 13 ISSUE 22 ● NEW YORK / DALLAS ● MAY 31 - JUNE 06, 2019 ● ENQUIRIES: 646-247-9458 www.theindianpanorama.news IAF chief Dhanoa is new chairman of chiefs Narendra Modi Takes Oath as Prime of staff committee Minister of India for the Second Term Amit Shah inducted into Cabinet 36 ministers sworn in for a second term 20 MPs take oath of office as cabinet ministers for the first time 24 cabinet ministers, ministers of state sworn in Nine sworn in as MoS (Independent charge) Air Chief Marshal B S Dhanoa on Wednesday , May 29, received the baton Smriti Irani, 5 other women in Modi government of Chairman of Chiefs of Staff Committee from outgoing Navy Chief Admiral Sunil NEW DELHI (TIP): Narendra Modi Lanba who retires on May 31. took oath of office and secrecy as the NEW DELHI (TIP): "Air Chief Prime Minister of India for a second Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa will consecutive term amid thunderous be the Chairman COSC with effect applause from a select gathering in the from May 31 consequent to sprawling forecourt of the Rashtrapati relinquishment of charge by Bhavan, May 30th evening. Admiral Sunil Lanba upon President Ram Nath Kovind superannuation," a Defense ministry administered the oath to Modi, 24 spokesperson said. Cabinet colleagues, nine Ministers of The Chairman of Chiefs of Staff State (Independent Charge) and 24 Committee is tasked with ensuring Ministers of State. The loudest cheer synergy among the three services was reserved for BJP chief Amit Shah, and evolve common strategy to deal whose induction means the party will with external security challenges have to elect a new president. -
Chapter - Viii
CHAPTER - VIII CONCLUSION There are two major points about a r.evolution. Revolutions, as Stalin said, can not be exported in a suitacase. At the same time,no revolution can grow within a shell. There has to be external contacts while the revolution must be made by the people themselves. For Nepal India has been the most important catalyst. Her sheer size, their mutual geographical accessibility, their cultural similarities, their long historical contacts and economic interdependence have bound the two countries together. But there was one political difference. Whereas India was colonised by the British for nearly two centuries, Nepal was not a colony as such. India, in the British days, was dtvided into two parts. (I) British India under the sovereign authority of the British Government and (II) Native India under the paramountcy of the British Government and consisting of 562 states of different sizes and powers. The British regarded Nepal, loosely, as a part of their "Indian Empire". But Nepal actually was more than a princely state. It was a vassal state. Indian influence over Nepal covered a very wide area including economy, culture and politics. Nepal got one of the most reactionary feudal governments of the world under 218 the blessings of the British empire. on the other hand, the Indian renaissance had its delayed but sure impact on the Nepalese society. The year of Anglo-Gorkha war was also the year when Raja Rammohan Roy settled in Calcutta. The Nepalese were shocked by the defeat in the war. The revival was sought not through the enlightenment of the Bengal Renainsance but through the folk tradition of the Ramayana. -
Omar-Ashour-English.Pdf
CENTER ON DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE RULE OF LAW STANFORD UNIVERSITY BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER - STANFORD PROJECT ON ARAB TRANSITIONS PAPER SERIES Number 3, November 2012 FROM BAD COP TO GOOD COP: THE CHALLENGE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN EGYPT OMAR ASHOUR PROGRAM ON ARAB REFORM AND DEMOCRACY, CDDRL FROM BAD COP TO GOOD COP: THE CHALLENGE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN EGYPT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY gence within the police force of a cadre of reform- ist officers is also encouraging and may help shift Successful democratic transitions hinge on the the balance of power within the Ministry of Interi- establishment of effective civilian control of the or. These officers have established reformist orga- armed forces and internal security institutions. The nizations, such as the General Coalition of Police transformation of these institutions from instru- Officers and Officers But Honorable, and begun to ments of brutal repression and regime protection push for SSR themselves. The prospects for imple- to professional, regulated, national services – secu- menting these civil society and internal initiatives, rity sector reform (SSR) – is at the very center of however, remain uncertain; they focus on admira- this effort. In Egypt, as in other transitioning Arab ble ends but are less clear on the means of imple- states and prior cases of democratization, SSR is mentation. They also have to reckon with strong an acutely political process affected by an array of elements within the Ministry of Interior – “al-Ad- different actors and dynamics. In a contested and ly’s men” (in reference to Mubarak’s longstanding unstable post-revolutionary political sphere, the minister) – who remain firmly opposed to reform. -
Nepal, November 2005
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Nepal, November 2005 COUNTRY PROFILE: NEPAL November 2005 COUNTRY Formal Name: Kingdom of Nepal (“Nepal Adhirajya” in Nepali). Short Form: Nepal. Term for Citizen(s): Nepalese. Click to Enlarge Image Capital: Kathmandu. Major Cities: According to the 2001 census, only Kathmandu had a population of more than 500,000. The only other cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants were Biratnagar, Birgunj, Lalitpur, and Pokhara. Independence: In 1768 Prithvi Narayan Shah unified a number of states in the Kathmandu Valley under the Kingdom of Gorkha. Nepal recognizes National Unity Day (January 11) to commemorate this achievement. Public Holidays: Numerous holidays and religious festivals are observed in particular regions and by particular religions. Holiday dates also may vary by year and locality as a result of the multiple calendars in use—including two solar and three lunar calendars—and different astrological calculations by religious authorities. In fact, holidays may not be observed if religious authorities deem the date to be inauspicious for a specific year. The following holidays are observed nationwide: Sahid Diwash (Martyrs’ Day; movable date in January); National Unity Day and birthday of Prithvi Narayan Shah (January 11); Maha Shiva Ratri (Great Shiva’s Night, movable date in February or March); Rashtriya Prajatantra Diwash (National Democracy Day, movable date in February); Falgu Purnima, or Holi (movable date in February or March); Ram Nawami (Rama’s Birthday, movable date in March or April); Nepali New Year (movable date in April); Buddha’s Birthday (movable date in April or May); King Gyanendra’s Birthday (July 7); Janai Purnima (Sacred Thread Ceremony, movable date in August); Children’s Day (movable date in August); Dashain (Durga Puja Festival, movable set of five days over a 15-day period in September or October); Diwali/Tihar (Festival of Lights and Laxmi Puja, movable set of five days in October); and Sambhidhan Diwash (Constitution Day, movable date in November). -
Nepal's Future: in Whose Hands?
NEPAL’S FUTURE: IN WHOSE HANDS? Asia Report N°173 – 13 August 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION: THE FRAYING PROCESS ........................................................... 1 II. THE COLLAPSE OF CONSENSUS............................................................................... 2 A. RIDING FOR A FALL......................................................................................................................3 B. OUTFLANKED AND OUTGUNNED..................................................................................................4 C. CONSTITUTIONAL COUP DE GRACE..............................................................................................5 D. ADIEU OR AU REVOIR?................................................................................................................6 III. THE QUESTION OF MAOIST INTENT ...................................................................... 7 A. MAOIST RULE: MORE RAGGED THAN RUTHLESS .........................................................................7 B. THE VIDEO NASTY.......................................................................................................................9 C. THE BEGINNING OF THE END OR THE END OF THE BEGINNING?..................................................11 IV. THE ARMY’S GROWING POLITICAL ROLE ........................................................ 13 A. WAR BY OTHER MEANS.............................................................................................................13 -
Mission Report
International Press Freedom and Freedom of Expression Mission to the Maldives A Vibrant Media Under Pressure: An Independent Assessment of Press Freedom in the Maldives July 2006 Contributing Organisations: Article XIX Reporters without Borders (RSF) International Media Support (IMS) International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) South Asia Press Commission (SAPC) The findings in this report are based on a joint assessment mission to the Maldives in May 2006 19 July 2006 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Background and Media Landscape 3. Intimidation and Harassment 4. House Arrest and Detention 5. Media Law Reforms 6. Recommendations Acroymns and Terminology AP Justice Party/ Adaalath Party Dhivehi Official language of the Maldives DRP Dhivehi Raiyyethunge Party (Maldivian Peoples Party) HRCM Human Rights Commission of the Maldives IDP Islamic Democratic Party Majlis Parliament/ Assembly MDP Maldivian Democratic Party MNDF Maldivian National Defence Force MP Member of Parliament NSS National Security Service of the Maldives SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Special Majlis Constitutional Parliament/ Assembly UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNHCHR United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights This report is being made publicly available in the interests of sharing information and enhancing coordination amongst freedom of expression, press freedom and media support actors. All information presented in this report is based on interviews and written contributions provided to the mission members during April and May 2006 and should be independently rechecked by any party seeking to use it as a basis for comment or action. The mission team welcomes all feedback and suggestions from organisations or individuals about the report, which can be sent to the participating organisations (please see contact details at the end of the report). -
Nepal-Legal Education-Seminar Report-1993-Eng
t n m v s T L a r ? < j_ L eg a l E ducation In N epal Three Day, National Seminar (December 24 - 26,1992) Seminar Proceedings Report Published by : International Commission of Jurists Nepal Section Ramshah Path, P. O. Box : 4659 Kathmandu, Nepal (In Co-operation with International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) / Geneva) International Commission of Jurists Nepal Section Executive Council Mr. Madhu Prasad Sharma Chairman Mr. Moti Kazi Sthapit Vice-chairman Mr. Kusum Shrestha Secretary General Mr. Anup Raj Sharma Treasurer Mr. Krishna Prasad Pant Member Mrs. Silu Singh Member Mr. Daman Dhungana Member Mr. Mahadev Yadav Member Ms. Indira Rana Member M anager Krishna Man Pradhan L e g a l E ducation In N e p a l Three Day National Seminar (December 24 - 26,1992) Seminar Proceedings Report Published by : International Commission of Jurists Nepal Section Ramshah Path, P. O. Box : 4659 Kathmandu, Nepal (In Co-operation with International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) / Geneva) ACKN O WLED G EM ENT This present publication is the outcome of a three day National Seminar on Legal Education In Nepal held on Dec 24-26, 1992 in Kathmandu and organized by ICJ/Nepal Section in collaboration with ICJ/Geneva, Switzerland. I believe the seminar proved to be a successful forum for law teachers, law researchers, lawyers, education planners to come together and discuss issues, problems and priorities in elevating the standards of legal education in the country. Some 245 participants both from the valley and outside representing law campuses, legal profession, judiciary, government agencies contributed meaningfully to the seminar deliberations. -
The Guards, Cooks, and Cleaners of the Afghan War: Migrant Contractors and the Cost of War
The Guards, Cooks, and Cleaners of the Afghan War: Migrant Contractors and the Cost of War Noah Coburn1 August 23, 2017 Three Years in an Afghan Prison For close to three years in an Afghan prison, Teer Magar, a Nepali laborer, spoke to almost no one.2 His only visitor was a French representative from the Red Cross, who occasionally managed to send some letters home to his wife in Nepal. The few words of Pashto he was able to pick up allowed for limited communication with his guards and fellow inmates, but mostly he kept to himself. During his trial, he had no Nepali translator, and it was difficult for him to plead his case or even understand the charges. It did not seem to bother the other prisoners, mostly Taliban, that he had worked as a contractor for an American construction firm. At one point early in his detention, a large bearded Talib had come to him and demanded that he convert to Islam, Teer recalled. Teer tried to explain to the prisoner that he respected all religions. He wasn’t sure if the Talib understood him, but after a short while, he was left alone. The prison was comfortable and clean by Afghan standards. Newly built by the British, it was one of dozens of structures built for the Afghan government by the international community during the war to house opposition force detainees. It seemed to Teer, however, that most were simply local farmers who had been inadvertently dragged into the conflict, perhaps found with guns in their homes when the Americans went out on raids. -
The Definitive Guide to Cybersecurity in Singapore
The Definitive Guide to Cybersecurity in Singapore 4 Things You Need to Know About the New Singapore Cybersecurity Bill Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 History of Cybersecurity Legislation in Singapore 4-6 Need for Legislation 7-8 Objectives of the Omnibus Bill 9 The Key Parts of the Proposed Legislation 10-12 How Resolve Systems Can Help 13 Conclusion 14 About Us and References 15 Glossary Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) - Formed in April 2015 under the Prime Minister’s Office, it is the national encag y overseeing cybersecurity strategy, operations, education, outreach, and ecosystem development. Critical Information Infrastructures (CII) – A computer or computer system necessary for continuous delivery of essential services which Singapore relies on; the loss or compromise of which will lead to a debilitating impact on national security, defense, foreign relations, economy, public health, public safety, or public order of Singapore. Computer Misuse and Cybersecurity Act (CMCA) - An Act for securing computer material against unauthorized access or modification. Provides authority to measure and ensure cybersecurity. National Cyber Security Center (NCSC) – Monitors and analyzes cyber threat landscape to maintain cyber situational awareness and anticipate future threats. Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) – Oversees the development of the infocomm media, cybersecurity, and design sectors of Singapore. Who’s Who in Singapore Mr. Lee Hsien Loong - Prime Minister of Singapore Mr. David Koh – Singapore’s Defense Cyber Chief leading Defense Cyber Organization Mr. Teo Chee Hean - Deputy Prime Minister and Coordinating Minister for National Security Dr. Yaacob Ibrahim - Minister for Communications and Information; Minister-in-charge of Cyber Security Executive Summary Singapore is a highly digitized country and is only becoming more so as they expand upon their goal of being a Smart Nation.