New Genera of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil and Dominican Amber, with Phylogenetic Analysis of the Tribe Ortalotrypetini
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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida March 1994 New genera of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil and Dominican Amber, with phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Ortalotrypetini Allen L. Norrbom National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Norrbom, Allen L., "New genera of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil and Dominican Amber, with phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Ortalotrypetini" (1994). Insecta Mundi. 289. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/289 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 8. No. 1 - 2. March - June. 1994 1 New genera of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil and Dominican Amber, with phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Ortalotrypetini Allen L. Norrbom Systematic Entomology Laboratory PSI, ARS, USDA C/O National Museum of Natural History, NHB 168 Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. Abstract The tribe Ortalotrypetini (Trypetinae) is expanded to include four genera, whose phylogenetic relation- ships are analyzed. The following are recognized: Ortalotrypeta Hendel, Cyaforma Wang, Neortalotrypeta, n. gen., proposed for N. bicolor, n. sp., from Brazil, and Protortalotrypeta, n. gen., proposed for P. grimaldii, n. sp., which is described from a specimen in amber from the Dominican Republic. Ortalotrypeta ziae, n. sp., from Taiwan, is described, and lectotypes are designated for 0. gias Hendel and 0. idana Hendel. 0. macula Wang and 0. tonkinensis Zia are transferred to Cyaforma. Resumen El tribu Ortalotrypetini (Trypetinae) incluye: Ortalotrypeta Hendel, Cyaforma Wang, Neortalotrypeta, n. gen., propuesto por N. bicolor, sp. n., de Brasll, y Protortalotrypeta, n. gen., propuesto por P. grimaldii, sp. n., descrito de un esp6cimen de Ambar de la Reptiblica Dominicana. Se analizan y se discuten las relaciones filogen6ticas entre estos g6neros. Se describe Ortalotrypeta ziae, n. sp., de Taiwan, y se designan lectotipos para 0. gigas Hendel y 0. idana Hendel. Se transferen 0. macula Wang y 0. tonkinensis Zia a Cyaforma. Introduction region. All of these are compression fossils, and the Very few fossils of true fruit flies (Tephritidae) latter two each consist of a wing only. Because of are known. The discovery of a well preserved their poor condition, little can be determined about tephritid specimen in amber from the Dominican their phylogenetic relationships. Freidberg (1991) Republic of at least early Miocene age is, therefore, reported a male in good condition of a species of of considerable interest. Even more intriguing are Ceratitis (Pterandrus), possibly rosa (Karsch), from the relationships of the new genus Protortalotrypeta amber from Tanzania, probably from the Pleis- described in this paper based on this specimen. It tocene or Pliocene (Poinar 1992; Schliiter and Von appears to be the sister group of a clade including Gnielinski 1987). References to Trypetidae from the Asian genera Ortalotrypeta Hendel and the mid-Eocene Green River Formation (e.g. Grande Cyaforma Wang, as well as Neortalotrypeta, an- 1984; Lewis 1989) probably all refer to the other new genus from South America described in Eophlebomyiidae (Cockerell 1925). The fossil speci- this paper. These four genera, whose host plants men described below is preserved in a piece of and biology are unknown, comprise the tribe Dominican amber of the type discussed by Grimaldi Ortalotrypetini. and Mathis (1993) that is thought to be of late Korneyev (1982) reported the following fossil Oligocene or early Miocene age (ca. 25 million years Tephritidae: Oxyna pluvia Durrenfeldt, from the old), although an Eocene age for some samples has Pliocene of Germany, Tep hritis antiqua Heer, from been suggested (Poinar 1992). Because of its age the Lower Miocene of Croatia, and Pseudatidia and excellent condition, this specimen is perhaps cloth Korneyev, from the Miocene of the Caucasus the most important fossil tephritid yet encoun- tered. 2 Insecta Mundi Materials and Methods ing a completely fused aculeus (the tip is not "tac- The morphological terminology used here gen- tile" as in the Acanthonevrini). erally follows McAlpine f 1981). The following acro- nyms are used: AMNH - American Museum of Key to the genera of Ortalotrypetini Natural History; CNC - Canadian National Collec- 1. Head broad in lateral view (Fig. lC), with anterior tion; and USNM National Museum of Natural margin receded and with postgena broad. - Postocular setae poorly differentiated from History, Smithsonian Institution. The amber fossil postgenal setulae. Dorsocentral seta aligned was examined and illustrated in mineral oil. The midway between postsutural supra-alar seta methods used for cladistic analysis are discussed in and postalar seta or more anteriorly. Wing the "Phylogenetic Relationships" section. elongate (Fig. 3). ................................................. 2 - Head relatively narrow in lateral view (Fig. lA), Taxonomy with anterior margin not receded and with postgena narrow. Postocular setae well differ- Tribe Ortalotrypetini entiated from postgenal setulae. Dorsocentral Ito (1983) proposed the tribe Ortalotrypetini in seta aligned with postalar seta (Fig. 1E). Wing a key, with Ortalotrypeta Hendel as the only in- broader (Fig. 2A). (Known only from Dominican cluded genus. Cyaforma Wang (1989), described as amber) .......Protortalotrypeta Norrbom, n. gen. being allied to Ortalotrypeta, and Neortalotrypeta Norrbom, n. gen., and Protortalotrypeta Norrbom, 2. Paravertical seta very large, more than 213 length of vertical setae. Thorax with 3 scutellar setae n. gen., also belong to this group, which I recognize and, except in 0. singula, with 2-3 postpronotal as a tribe of the subfamily Trypetinae, although its setae. (Eastern Asia) ......................................... 3 proper classification cannot be determined until - Paravertical seta minute, smaller than postocellar relationships among the higher taxa of the seta. Thorax with 2 scutellar setae and 1 Tephritidae are clarified. Its rank and classifica- postpronotal seta. (Brazil) .................................. tion are subjective because the relationships among ..................... Neortalotrypeta Norrbom, n. gen. the higher taxa of Tephritidae are uncertain. The Ortalotrypetini can be diagnosed as follows: usu- 3. Scutum dark brown, with medial yellow stripe or ally three scutellar setae (only two in stripes. Wing pattern entirely brown and hya- line, without yellow areas. Cell r,+, without Neortalotrypeta); postpronotum with two or more hyaline spots ............................. Cyaforma Wang large setae (Fig. 1E) (except in Neortalotrypeta and - Scutum entirely yellow, orange or pale brown. Ortalotrypeta singula Wang); female abdominal Wing pattern with at least anterobasal yellow syntergosternite 7 with a dorsoapical rather than area (Fig. 3). Cell r,+, with at least small hyaline apical opening (Fig. 4A-C); and female eversible spot or spots ....................Ortalotrypeta Hendel membrane without basal taenia but with a large ventral area of dense dark scales (Fig. 4C). The Protortalotrypeta Norrbom, new genus structure of the female terminalia in the Ortalotrypetini is unique within the Tephritidae. Type species, P. grimaldii, new species. Two postpronotal setae otherwise occur within the family only in BlepharoneuraLoew and the related Diagnosis. Protortalotrypeta differs from most genera Ceratodacus Hendel, Buryglossa Bezzi, and genera of Tephritidae (including Neortalotrypeta) Hexaptilona Hering, which can be easily distin- in having 3 scutellar and 2 postpronotal setae. Of guished from the Ortalotrypetini by the presence the six extant genera with more than 1postpronotal on the anepisternum of a large seta just anterior to seta, Blepharoneura, Baryglossa, Hexaptilona and the phragma. Very few Tephritidae other than Ceratoducm differ from Protortalotrypeta in hav- these taxa and some genera ofAcanthonevrini have ing an anepisternal seta just anterior to the three scutellar setae. The Ortalotrypetini differ phragma, and in the normal shape of the apex of from the Acanthonevrini, the group in which female syntergosternite 7, which has an apical Ortalotrypeta was traditionally classified, by the rather than dorsoapical opening. Except for characters in the diagnosis (except the number of Baryglossa, these genera have a pilose or plumose, scutellar setae), by having the ocellar seta well rather than bare, arista. Ortalotrypeta and differentiated (although relatively small in Cyaforma differ from Protortalotrypeta in the shape Protortalotrypeta andNeortalotrypeta), and by hav- of the head, facial carina, and wing, and in the location of the dorsocentral setae (see Tables 1-2). Vol. 8, No. 1 - 2, March - June, 1994 3 Figure 1. A,C,head, lateral view; B,D,head, anterior view; E, thorax, dorsal view; A-B,E,P. grimaldii, holotype; C-D, N. bicolor, holotype. Insecta Mundi Description. Head: In lateral view (Fig. lA), seta. Paravertical seta about same size as ocellar anterior margin of face and parafacial not strongly seta. Face with antennal grooves and carina mod- recededventrally, postgena narrow, occiput slightly erate