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Fish and Decapod Assemblages in Kooragang Wetlands: the Impact of Tidal Restriction and Responses to Culvert Removal

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Fish and Decapod Assemblages in Kooragang Wetlands: the Impact of Tidal Restriction and Responses to Culvert Removal Fish and decapod assemblages in Kooragang Wetlands: the impact of tidal restriction and responses to culvert removal Craig A. Boys & Robert J. Williams Final Fisheries Report for the Kooragang Wetland Rehabilitation Project NSW Department of Primary Industries Port Stephens Fisheries Institute Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW 2315 Australia February 2012 NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 133 ISSN 1837-2112 ii Contents Fish and decapod assemblages in Kooragang Wetlands: the impact of tidal restriction and responses to culvert removal. February 2011 Authors: Craig A. Boys & Robert J. Williams Published By: NSW Department of Primary Industries Postal Address: PO Box 21 Cronulla NSW 2230 Internet: www.industry.nsw.gov.au Department of Primary Industries This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this reproduction may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. DISCLAIMER The publishers do not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. The publishers do not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortuous or otherwise, for the contents of this report for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed on it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this report may not relate to, or be relevant to, a reader’s particular circumstance. ISSN 1837-2112 Note: Prior to July 2004, this report series was published by NSW Fisheries as the ‘NSW Fisheries Final Report Series’ with ISSN number 1440-3544. Then, following the formation of the NSW Department of Primary Industries the report series was published as the ‘NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series’ with ISSN number 1449-9967. The report series is now published by Industry & Investment NSW as the ‘Industry & Investment NSW – Fisheries Final Report Series’ with ISSN number 1837-2112. Boys & Williams Fish and decapods in Kooragang Wetlands Contents iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................. III LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................ V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... VI NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. VII 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 2. GENERAL METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 4 3. THE IMPACT OF TIDAL RESTRICTIONS ON MARSH AND CREEK ASSEMBLAGES ...... 10 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 10 3.2. Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 10 3.3. Results ....................................................................................................................................... 13 3.4. Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 20 4. TRAJECTORIES OF CHANGE IN FISH AND DECAPOD ASSEMBLAGES FOLLOWING CULVERT REMOVAL ....................................................................................................................... 24 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 24 4.2. Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 25 4.3. Results ....................................................................................................................................... 26 4.4. Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 41 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................. 46 5.3 General recommendations for coastal wetland rehabilitation studies ........................................ 47 6. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 49 APPENDICES58 Fish and decapods in Kooragang Wetlands Boys & Williams. LIST OF TABLES Table 1. The overall spatial design applied during the study. Particular components of this design were used to test different hypotheses in different chapters as specified in respective chapters. Sites are shown in Fig. 2. .............................................................. 5 Table 2. Overall temporal design applied during the study. Particular components of this design were used to test different hypotheses in different chapters as specified in each respective chapter. ......................................................................................................... 7 Table 3. Spatial and temporal sampling design to test for differences in fish and decapod assemblages between tidally-restricted and unrestricted marshes and tidal creeks on Kooragang Island. See Fig. 2 and 3 for map of locations. ........................................... 11 Table 4. Summary of catch of fyke nets from unrestricted (reference) and restricted (control) MARSH locations on Kooragang Island, 1994/95-1996/97. Abundances for the three most numerous species are shown. See Appendix, Table A1 for all species totals. ............................................................................................................................ 14 Table 5. Results of SIMPER analysis showing those species contributing most to the Bray- Curtis dissimilarity (4th root transformed) between tidally-restricted and unrestricted MARSHES on Kooragang Island. Species are ranked in decreasing order of percent contribution with their average abundance in unrestricted and restricted marsh samples shown (untransformed average abundance in parentheses). Only those species most important in discriminating marsh types (Av.Diss ≥3%) are shown. The treatment (restricted or unrestricted) with the largest abundance of each species is shown in bold. ................................................... 15 Table 6. Summary of catch of seine nets from each of the unrestricted (reference) and restricted (control) CREEKS on Kooragang Island, 1993/94-1996/97. Abundances for the three most numerous species are shown. See Appendix, Table A2 for all species totals. ............................................................................................................................ 17 Table 7. Results of SIMPER analysis showing those species contributing most to the Bray- Curtis dissimilarity (4th root transformed) between tidally-restricted and unrestricted CREEKS on Kooragang Island. Species are ranked in decreasing order of percent contribution with their average abundance in each unrestricted and restricted creek samples shown (untransformed average abundance in parentheses). Only those species most important in discriminating marsh types (Av.Diss ≥3%) are shown and the treatment (restricted or unrestricted) with the largest abundance of each species is shown in bold. ................................................................................. 19 Table 8. Summary of occurrence (denoted as X) of most abundant fish and decapod species. R = restricted, UR = unrestricted, * = present in limited numbers or absent. ..................... 22 Table 9. Catch summary of fish and decapods from all creek (seine and gill nets) and marsh (fyke nets) locations in Kooragang Island during this study. Abundances for the three most numerous species in each habitat are shown. See Appendix, Table A4 for all species totals...................................................................................................... 27 Table 10. Statistically significant groupings (SIMPROF) of MARSH assemblages across space and time based upon Bray-Curtis similarity. For referencing, groups are labelled sequentially with Roman numerals as they appear across the ordination in Fig. 8. .... 28 Table 11. Results of SIMPER analyses showing the species that contributed most to the dissimilarity between statistically significant MARSH assemblage groupings identified by SIMPROF (Table 9). Fourth-root transformed average abundance. Group with highest average abundance in bold. .......................................................... 30 Table 12. Statistically significant groupings (SIMPROF) of CREEK assemblages across space and time based upon Bray-Curtis similarity. For referencing, groups are labelled sequentially with Roman numerals as they appear across the ordinations in Fig. 10. 34 Boys & Williams Fish and decapods
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