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In Field Margins? a Case Study Combining Laboratory Acute Toxicity Testing with Field Monitoring Data
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 1874–1879, 2012 # 2012 SETAC Printed in the USA DOI: 10.1002/etc.1895 DOES INSECTICIDE DRIFT ADVERSELY AFFECT GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: SALTATORIA) IN FIELD MARGINS? A CASE STUDY COMBINING LABORATORY ACUTE TOXICITY TESTING WITH FIELD MONITORING DATA REBECCA BUNDSCHUH,* JULIANE SCHMITZ,MIRCO BUNDSCHUH, and CARSTEN ALBRECHT BRU¨ HL Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz-Landau, Germany (Submitted 7 December 2011; Returned for Revision 11 January 2012; Accepted 17 April 2012) Abstract—The current terrestrial risk assessment of insecticides regarding nontarget arthropods considers exclusively beneficial organisms, whereas herbivorous insects, such as grasshoppers, are ignored. However, grasshoppers living in field margins or meadows adjacent to crops may potentially be exposed to insecticides due to contact with or ingestion of contaminated food. Therefore, the present study assessed effects of five active ingredients of insecticides (dimethoate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin) on the survival of Chorthippus sp. grasshopper nymphs by considering two routes of exposure (contact and oral). The experiments were accompanied by monitoring field margins that neighbored cereals, vineyards, and orchards. Grasslands were used as reference sites. The laboratory toxicity tests revealed a sensitivity of grasshoppers with regard to the insecticides tested in the present study similar to that of the standard test species used in arthropod risk assessments. In the field monitoring program, increasing grasshopper densities were detected with increasing field margin width next to cereals and vineyards, but densities remained low over the whole range of field margins from 0.5 to 20 m next to orchards. Grasshopper densities equivalent to those of grassland sites were only observed in field margins exceeding 9 m in width, except for field margins next to orchards. -
Response of Orthoptera Assemblages to Management of Montane Grasslands in the Western Carpathians
Biologia 66/6: 1127—1133, 2011 Section Zoology DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0115-1 Response of Orthoptera assemblages to management of montane grasslands in the Western Carpathians Vladimíra Fabriciusová, Peter Kaňuch &AntonKrištín* Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2,SK-96053 Zvolen, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Montane grassy habitats in the Western Carpathians are relatively well preserved, maintain high species richness and are often important in accordance to the nature conservation policy in Europe. However, knowledge about the impact of farming on the habitat quality there is rather poor. The influence of various management types (permanent sheep pen, irregular grazing, mowing) on Orthoptera diversity and species determining assemblages of these habitats were analysed on 72 plots in Poľana Mts Biosphere Reserve. Altogether, 36 Orthoptera species (15 Ensifera, 21 Caelifera) were found, whereas the highest number of species was found on plots with irregular grazing (28 species), followed by plots with mown grass (17) and permanent sheep pens (14). All four measures of the assemblages’ diversity confirmed significant differences. Using Discriminant Function Analysis, correct classification rate of Orthoptera assemblages was unambiguous according to the type of management. Each form of the management harboured several characteristic species. Thus implications regarding the biodiversity conservation and grassland management were given. Key words: bush-crickets; grasshoppers; pasture; ecology; nature conservation Introduction or the influence of plant succession in meadows without any management (Marini et al. 2009). Higher species Various systems used to manage grasslands have a diversity was found in grazed compared to mowed significant influence on plant and animal communi- meadows in alpine habitats (Wettstein & Schmid 1999; ties, their species richness and abundance (Kampmann Kampmann et al. -
Confirmation of the Presence of Chorthippus Apricarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Caelifera, Gomphocerinae) in Slovenia
Confirmation of the presence of Chorthippus apricarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Caelifera, Gomphocerinae) in Slovenia Paul VEENVLIET Metulje 9. SI-1385 Nova vas, Slovenia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. In summer 2004, Chorthippus apricarius was found on Bloke plateau. This finding confirms the presence of this species in Slovenia, which was previously only documented in two unpublished camp reports. Key words: grasshoppers, Chorthippus apricarius, Bloke plateau, Slovenia Izvleček. POTRDITEV PRISOTNOSTI CHORTHIPPUS APRICARIUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) (CAELIFERA, GOMPHOCERINAE) V SLOVENIJI - Poleti 2004 sem na Bloški planoti našel vrsto kobilice Chorthippus apricarius. S tem je potrjena prisotnost vrste v Sloveniji, kar je bilo do sedaj zabeleženo le v dveh neobjavljenih poročilih s taborov. Ključne besede: kobilice, Chorthippus apricarius, Bloška planota, Slovenija Chorthippus apricarius occurs widespread in the Palearctis. However, until recently it has not been recorded in Slovenia. Ingberg et al. (1997) and Hospers (1998) were the first to include this species in field reports, but were not aware that it had not been recorded in Slovenia before. In August 2002 I photographed a male Chorthippus grasshopper at Goričice near Cerknica, Slovenia. I suspected that this might be C. apricarius, but did not preserve any specimens. On the 3rd of August 2004, I found more individuals in the surroundings of Fara and at Metulje, Bloke plateau, Slovenia. Because I gained experience with this species at Zwolle, the Netherlands, I could confirm that the Slovene specimens are indeed C. apricarius. Several photographs and scans have been made and voucher specimens from the Bloke plateau are donated to the collections of the Slovene Museum of Natural History and of Stanislav Gomboc. -
Diversity and Distribution of Orthoptera Communities of Two Adjacent Mountains in Northern Part of the Carpathians
Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 62 (2): 191–211 (2019) doi: 10.3897/travaux.62.e48604 RESEARCH ARTICLE Diversity and distribution of Orthoptera communities of two adjacent mountains in northern part of the Carpathians Anton Krištín1, Benjamín Jarčuška1, Peter Kaňuch1 1 Institute of Forest Ecology SAS, Ľ. Štúra 2, Zvolen, SK-96053, Slovakia Corresponding author: Anton Krištín ([email protected]) Received 19 November 2019 | Accepted 24 December 2019 | Published 31 December 2019 Citation: Krištín A, Jarčuška B, Kaňuch P (2019) Diversity and distribution of Orthoptera communities of two adjacent mountains in northern part of the Carpathians. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 62(2): 191–211. https://doi.org/10.3897/travaux.62.e48604 Abstract During 2013–2017, assemblages of bush-crickets and grasshoppers were surveyed in two neighbour- ing flysch mountains – Čergov Mts (48 sites) and Levočské vrchy Mts (62 sites) – in northern part of Western Carpathians. Species were sampled mostly at grasslands and forest edges along elevational gradient between 370 and 1220 m a.s.l. Within the entire area (ca 930 km2) we documented 54 species, representing 38% of Carpathian Orthoptera species richness. We found the same species number (45) in both mountain ranges with nine unique species in each of them. No difference in mean species rich- ness per site was found between the mountain ranges (mean ± SD = 12.5 ± 3.9). Elevation explained 2.9% of variation in site species richness. Elevation and mountain range identity explained 7.3% of assemblages composition. We found new latitudinal as well as longitudinal limits in the distribu- tion for several species. -
B Chromosomes in Grasshoppers: Different Origins and Pathways to the Modern Bs
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article B Chromosomes in Grasshoppers: Different Origins and Pathways to the Modern Bs Ilyas Yerkinovich Jetybayev 1,2,* , Alexander Gennadievich Bugrov 2,3, Victoria Vladimirovna Dzyubenko 3 and Nikolay Borisovich Rubtsov 1,3 1 The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Lavrentjev Ave., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] 2 Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Frunze str. 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] 3 Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str., 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-383-363-49-63 (ext. 1027) Received: 28 August 2018; Accepted: 11 October 2018; Published: 18 October 2018 Abstract: B chromosomes (Bs) were described in most taxa of eukaryotes and in around 11.9% of studied Orthopteran species. In some grasshopper species, their evolution has led to many B chromosome morphotypes. We studied the Bs in nine species (Nocaracris tardus, Nocaracris cyanipes, Aeropus sibiricus, Chorthippus jacobsoni, Chorthippus apricarius, Bryodema gebleri, Asiotmethis heptapotamicus songoricus, Podisma sapporensis, and Eyprepocnemis plorans), analyzing their possible origin and further development. The studied Bs consisted of C-positive or C-positive and C-negative regions. Analyzing new data and considering current hypotheses, we suggest that Bs in grasshoppers could arise through different mechanisms and from different chromosomes of the main set. We gave our special attention to the Bs with C-negative regions and suggest a new hypothesis of B chromosome formation from large or medium autosomes. -
Population, Ecology and Morphology of Saga Pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) at the Northern Limit of Its Distribution
Eur. J. Entomol. 104: 73–79, 2007 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1200 ISSN 1210-5759 Population, ecology and morphology of Saga pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) at the northern limit of its distribution ANTON KRIŠTÍN and PETER KAĕUCH Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Tettigoniidae, survival strategies, endangered species, large insect predators, ecological limits Abstract. The bush-cricket Saga pedo, one of the largest predatory insects, has a scattered distribution across 20 countries in Europe. At the northern boundary of its distribution, this species is most commonly found in Slovakia and Hungary. In Slovakia in 2003–2006, 36 known and potentially favourable localities were visited and at seven this species was recorded for the first time. This species has been found in Slovakia in xerothermic forest steppes and limestone grikes (98% of localities) and on slopes (10–45°) with south-westerly or westerly aspects (90%) at altitudes of 220–585 m a.s.l. (mean 433 m, n = 20 localities). Most individuals (66%) were found in grass-herb layers 10–30 cm high and almost 87% within 10 m of a forest edge (oak, beech and hornbeam being prevalent). The maximum density was 12 nymphs (3rd–5th instar) / 1000 m2 (July 4, 510 m a.s.l.). In a comparison of five present and previous S. pedo localities, 43 species of Orthoptera were found in the present and 37 in previous localities. The mean numbers and relative abundance of species in present S. -
Methods Frequently Used in Orthopterological Field Studies
© Entomologica Fennica. 6 September 2007 A test on the effectiveness and selectivity of three sampling methods frequently used in orthopterological field studies Antal Nagy, Péter Sélymos & Istvan A. Racz Nagy, A., Sélymos, P. & Racz, I. A. 2007: A test on the effectiveness and selec- tivity ofthree sampling methods frequently used in orthopterological field stud- ies. — Entomol. Fennica 18: 149—159. To obtain unbiased data in entomological samplings the selectivity and effective- ness of methods should be known. Sweepnetting, direct search and dish trap, which are frequently used in orthopterology, were tested to get data on selectivity and effectiveness. Based on the number of collected individuals, sweepnetting was the most labour efficient, while the highest number of species was collected by direct search. Dish traps were most selective to ground-dwelling species. Sweepnetting and direct search were sensitive to grass-dwelling species. Our re- sults underlines that none of the methods is universal, and a combination of sweepnetting and direct search provides the greatest benefits. A. Nagy, Evolutionary Genetics and Conservation Biology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy ofSciences, University ofDebrecen, P. 0. Box 3, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary; Address ofcorrespondence: University ofDebrecen, Fac— ulty ofAgricultural Science, Department ofPlant Protection, 4032 Debrecen Bo'szo'rme'nyi str. 138., Hungary; E—mail.‘ [email protected] P. Solymos, Department ofEcology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent Istvan University, Rottenbiller Str. 50, 1077 Budapest, Hungary; E—mail.‘ Solymos.Pe— [email protected] I. A. Racz, Department ofEvolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University ofDebrecen, P. 0. Box 3, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary, E— mail: [email protected] Received 4 July 2006, accepted 23 October 2006 1. -
10.5. Grasshoppers
10. Main animal groups and their influence on plant communities 347 10.4.5. Conclusions The total dry biomass of large soil invertebrates varied from 0.08 to 3.45 g/m2 decreasing with increasing snow depth. Each ecosystem had a specific composition of the soil invertebrate community. Studied alpine communities differed from that of arctic tundras by a smaller abundance of Enchytraeidae and Tipulidae and by a larger role of Chilopoda and Curculionidae. The composition of the soil invertebrate community of the ALH was similar to that of plain meadows and Ural alpine tundras. The community of alpine grasslands (FVG, GHM) is closer to alpine communities of the Tian Shan and the Alps. Apparently, the type of parent soil material (silicate or carbonates) has a strong influence on the composition of soil invertebrate communities, especially for such Ca-demanding groups as Diplopoda or Mollusca. 10.5. Grasshoppers 10.5.1. Introduction and methods Grasshoppers are important hexapod herbivores in many grasslands including alpine ecosystems. But their role in the regulation of plant species composition is not clear. To understand their role it is necessary to study the abundance of different grasshopper species and food specialization between them. Little information is known about food specialization in Orthoptera (Stolyarov 1975; Sergeev et al. 1995). The grasshoppers were studied in four alpine communities: alpine lichen heath (ALH), Festuca varia grassland (FVG), Geranium-Hedysarum meadow (GHM), snow bed community (SBC). Samples of 120 plant species were collected for epidermal cell microscoping. Grasshoppers were collected for investigation of their gut contents and excrements as well as for plant preference studies in cages. -
Ent18 1 025 046 Tishechkin Bukhvalova.Pmd
Russian Entomol. J. 18(1): 2546 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2009 New data on calling signals of Gomphocerinae grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from South Siberia and the Russian Far East Íîâûå äàííûå î ïðèçûâíûõ ñèãíàëàõ ñàðàí÷îâûõ ïîäñåìåéñòâà Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Þæíîé Ñèáèðè è Äàëüíåãî Âîñòîêà Ðîññèè D.Yu. Tishechkin & M.A. Bukhvalova Ä.Þ. Òèøå÷êèí, Ì.À. Áóõâàëîâà Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia. E- mail: [email protected]. Êàôåäðà ýíòîìîëîãèè Áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ôàêóëüòåòà Ìîñêîâñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà èì. Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, Âîðîáü¸âû Ãîðû, Ìîñêâà 119991, Ðîññèÿ. KEY WORDS: grasshoppers, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae, songs, signals, variability, bioacoustics, taxonomy, Russia. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: ñàðàí÷îâûå, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae, ñèãíàëû, èçìåí÷èâîñòü, áèîàêóñòèêà, ñèñòåìàòèêà, Ðîññèÿ. ABSTRACT. Oscillograms and descriptions of sig- for elucidation of status of dubious forms. For this nals of 12 species of Gomphocerinae grasshoppers (Or- reason, in last decades extensive studies of sounds thoptera: Acrididae) from 12 localities in Southern Si- produced by Gomphocerinae grasshoppers were per- beria and the Russian Far East are presented. Within a formed by a number of specialists. subspecies or monotypical species no differences in At present, sounds of european representatives of temporal pattern of signals and acoustic behaviour be- the subfamily are described in literature quite adequate- tween different populations were revealed. Songs of ly. Comprehensive data on signals of West-European different subspecies sometimes differ clearly from each Gomphocerinae can be found in the monograph by other, however. Signals of Aeropedellus variegatus Ragge and Reynolds [1998]. Oscillograms of the songs minutus Mistshenko, 1951 are described for the first of the most part of species from European Russia were time, taxonomic status of this form is discussed. -
Bush Crickets, Crickets and Grasshoppers from Moldavia
-,3$2#$,-0%3 *#,3*'-0%3 Bushcrickets,CricketsandGrasshoppersfrom Moldavia(Romania) S S -,3$2#$,-0%3 *#,3*'-0%3 Bushcrickets,Cricketsand GrasshoppersfromMoldavia (Romania) PIM Iasi,2008 T SCIENTIFICREFERENTS: Dr.KlausGerhardHeller, “0'#"0'!&V*#6,"#0c,'4#01'27Q,12'232#-$"--*-%7Q0*,%#,Q##0+,7 Prof.Dr.GheorgheMusta, b*TT'38c,'4#01'27Q!3*27-$)'-*-%7Q1'Q*-+,' Prof.Dr.IonelAndriescu, b*TT'38c,'4#01'27Q!3*27-$)'-*-%7Q1'Q*-+,' +&-2-1S-,3$2#$,-0%3 -#62S-,3$2#$,-0%3Q*#,3*'-0%3 ,%*'1&20,1*2'-,S*#,3*'-0%3Q-,3$2#$,-0%3Q-,-0%3 )--)!-4#0S*#,3*'-0%3Q/3!',313 )--)!-4#0SS'#&*30-3,2',--!+#),"Barbitistesconstrictus )--)!-4#0TS34'"_15**#7 )--).0',2#"5'2&$3,"1$0-+#0,2+893+,*#1-30!#1Q-3VTUY TRRY U Preface -&# =02&-.2#0 0#.0#1#,2 -,# -$ 2&# 5#** ),-5, ',1#!2 -0"#01Q 2&#'04#0,!3*0,+#11-+#2'+#10#$*#!2',%$#0-0&3+-0T 33#2-2&#'0&3%#'+.!2',2&#,230#,"2&#'0#!-,-+'! '+.-02,!#Q2&##011&-..#01V12&#$'#0!#12.#12-$**2'+#1Q$0-+** -4#02-0*"V&4#*#$22&#'0+0)3.-,2�#.322'-,-$2&'1%0-3.-$ ',1#!21T,"7#2Q-2�.02'!3*0'2'#10#$4-0 *#2-0#12-0#2&#'0"'%,'27T -0#6+.*#Q #1'"#12&#"#*'%&2 0-3%&2 72&#'0'!)#21!**',%1-,%1Q', 2&#&-2"71,"!*+13++#0,'%&21Q2&#=02&-.2#0&4#,'+.-02,2 #!-*-%'!*0-*#',2&##!-,-+7-$,230#T?-Q130.0'1',%*7Q+,70#"#01 5'**$',"-32$0-+00T-,3$2#$,-0%3,"01T*#,3*'-0%3_1 --) 2&#$!22&2+-0#2&,TR$-$2&#=02&-.2#00#,-2$##"',%5'2&.*,21Q 325'2&',1#!21,"2&22&#+(-0'27-$=02&-.2#00#-+,'4-0-31T '-,1'"#0',% 2&# .0'+-0"'* '+.-02,!# -$ ),-5*#"%#Q .0-2#!2'-, ," 02'-,* #6.*-02'-, -$ -
The Mountain Fauna of Middle Asian Orthoptera Is Known to He Characterized Hy a High Endemism in Its Genera and Species (UVAROV
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology Jahr/Year: 1969 Band/Volume: 19 Autor(en)/Author(s): Pravdin F. N. Artikel/Article: The formation of subspecies in Acridoidea (Orthoptera) in the mountains of Middle Asia. 647-657 ©www.senck rg.de/; downlo ;ontributions-to-entomology. Beitr.Ent. • Bd. 19 • 1969 • H. 3/6 • S. 647-657 • Berlin State Pedagogical College Faculty of Biology and Chemistry Moscow (USSR) F. N. P ravdin 1 1 The formation of subspecies in Acridoidea (Orthoptera) in tbe mountains of Middle Asia With 1 text figure The mountain fauna of Middle Asian Orthoptera is known to he characterized hy a high endemism in its genera and species (U varov 1927; P ravoin 1964). As previously shown hy the author, the causes of the development of the ende mic mountain fauna in Middle Asia may he divided into two groups: 1) historical (geological) and 2) ecological ones. The first group comprises large geological and related climatic changes which occurred on the whole territory of Middle Asia since the Neogene. The second group includes ecological factors of which the most important are: the vertical stratification of the climate typical of the mountains; weathering and denudation processes; vertical stratification of soils, and the specificity of the development of plant formations on different moun tain ridges in different vertical belts (Pravdin 1964). The effect of the factors belonging to the first group is considerably decreased at present, although orogenic processes continue to play a certain part. -
Comparison of Two Methods for Sampling Orthopterans in Grassland: Differences in Species Representation and Sex Ratios
Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 1105-1110 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Short Communication doi:10.3906/zoo-1701-10 Comparison of two methods for sampling orthopterans in grassland: differences in species representation and sex ratios Stanislav RADA* Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc - Holice, Czech Republic Received: 06.01.2017 Accepted/Published Online: 06.06.2017 Final Version: 21.11.2017 Abstract: Orthopterans are convenient indicators for threatened grassland ecosystems. Many sampling methods are known; among them, sweep netting is the most common. This study compares sweep netting with less common pan trapping and quantifies differences in species representation and sex ratio between the two sampling techniques. Sampling took place in the submontane grassland in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic (Central Europe) during July, August, and September 2010. Both sweep netting and pan trapping were used concurrently in 11 meadows. Sampled orthopteran adults were determined to the species level and their sex was noted. Both methods recorded the same pool of 14 species. A chi-squared test showed significant differences in representation of 7 out of 8 analyzed species in sweep-net and pan-trap samples. Sex ratios also noticeably differed. Possible causes of the differences are discussed. This study showed that pan trapping is a solid alternative to sweep netting. Key words: Sweep netting, pan trapping, Orthoptera, grasshopper,