Timeline / 400 to 2000 / MOROCCO
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Berber Law by French Means: Customary Courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930–1956
Comparative Studies in Society and History 2010;52(4):851–880. 0010-4175/10 $15.00 # Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2010 doi:10.1017/S0010417510000484 Berber Law by French Means: Customary Courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930–1956 KATHERINE E. HOFFMAN Northwestern University As the French conquered Muslim lands in their nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century quest for empire, they encountered multiple and some- times mixed judicial systems among the native populations. In many places, legal codes were shaped by either fiqh, meaning Islamic law, one component of which is customary law, or by non-Islamic custom, or some combination of the two.1 To administer native justice in French colonies and protectorates, Acknowledgments: Generous funding for this research was provided by a Charles Ryskamp Fel- lowship from the American Council of Learned Societies, a National Endowment for the Huma- nities Faculty Fellowship, a long-term fellowship from the American Institute for Maghrib Studies, a Northwestern University Faculty Research Grant, and an Institute for the Humanities Fel- lowship from the University of Illinois at Chicago. Mohamed Ouakrim, president of the Court of Taroudant Providence, and Ali Achfur, senior secretary at the Judicial Center, Igherm, generously allowed me to work with the original court dockets in Igherm and Taroudant. I wish to thank also Mina Alahyane and Hmad Laamrani for supplemental documentation, commentary, and helpful connections; Hafsa Oubou, Jenny Hall, and Devon Liddell for documentation; and Mohamed Mounib for provocative commentary on French Protectorate Berber policy. I am grateful to the fellows at the Camargo Foundation in Spring 2007, to archivist Anne-Sophie Cras at the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères archives in Nantes (CADN), and to Greta Austin, Joshua Cole, Clark Lom- bardi, and anonymous CSSH reviewers for comments and perspective. -
Between Morocco and Spain
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Marko Juntunen Institute for Asian and African Studies University of Helsinki BETWEEN MOROCCO AND SPAIN Men, migrant smuggling and a dispersed Moroccan community ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki in auditorium XIII, Unioninkatu 33, on the 12th of October, 2002 at 10 o' clock 2 Helsinki University Printing House, Helsinki 2002 ISBN 952-91-5052-0 (printed) ISBN 952-10-0666-8 (PDF) 3 CONTENTS Note on transcription Foreword INTRODUCTION 9 Men on the move: presences and absences The political space of migration The setting: the leaking community of L´araish Why study men as gendered subjects? Gender in an unbounded setting Gender through practical discourses Is rudzūla masculinity? arrāga as persuasion On the structure of the work CHAPTER I 22 Cafés and quarters, telephone booths and satellite antennas Reflections from the cafés The quarter through facts and figures Articulating connections CHAPTER II 32 The "hidden migration" The new migration arrāga: migrant smuggling Gibraltar: from channel of connections to separating boundary CHAPTER III 44 Street wise Negotiating social relations The politics of confronting class boundaries CHAPTER IV 62 Between past and present, between Morocco and Spain L´araishi – members of the idealised community The true originals: place and belonging in L´araish The moral community Narratives of "betweenness" Wrestling -
The Portuguese Art of War in Northern Morocco During the 15 Century
Athens Journal of History - Volume 3, Issue 4 – Pages 321-336 The Portuguese Art of War in Northern Morocco during the 15th Century By Vitor Luís Gaspar Rodrigues This paper not only reviews the motives underlying the Portuguese expansionist project in Morocco in the 15th century, but also the political, economic, and particularly the social reasons that were in the basis of the Portuguese art of war in Morocco in that period. During the Iberian Reconquest (Reconquista), warfare was usually practiced by means of cavalcades, raids (razias) and ambushes, alongside with some siege actions. We will try to demonstrate that the Portuguese were forced to adopt a model of restricted territorial occupation and repeat the same technics and tactics of combat in Morocco, chiefly based on guerrilla war (guerra guerreada), as well as on siege and privateering actions, either offshore or onshore, by means of amphibian landings (saltos). We will also approach some of the changes that occurred in the defence systems of the Portuguese strongholds in North Africa, particularly at the turn of the 15th to the 16th centuries, as a result of the need to respond to the new challenges by the Moroccan armies equipped with fire weaponry. Keywords: Guerrilla war; maritime war; Northern Morocco; strongholds; siege war; fire weaponry. Portuguese Expansion in Morocco in the 15th Century: Main Causes The expansion project to Morocco by the Christian kingdoms from Iberia goes back to late 13th century, as attested by the Treaty of Soria, of 1291, signed by the monarchs of Castile and Aragon, which defined the areas to be occupied in the future by both kingdoms in North Africa, leaving the territorial stripe in the west of Ceuta to Portugal. -
The Building Stone of the Roman City of Lixus (NW Morocco): Provenance, Petrography and Petrophysical Characterization
Citation: Ajanaf, T., Goméz-Gras, D., Navarro, A., Martín-Martín, J.D., Rosell, J.R., Maate., A., 2020. The building stone of the Roman city of Lixus (NW Morocco): provenance, petrography and petrophysical characterization. Geologica Acta, 18.13, 1-16. DOI: 10.1344/GeologicaActa2020.18.13 The building stone of the Roman city of Lixus (NW Morocco): provenance, petrography and petrophysical characterization T. Ajanaf1 D. Gómez-Gras2 A. Navarro3 J.D. Martín-Martín*4 J.R. Rosell3 A. Maate1 1Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences-Tétouan, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi Maroc Avenue de Sebta, 93003 Tétouan, Maroc. Ajanaf E-mail: [email protected] 2Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain. Gómez-Gras E-mail: [email protected] 3Departament de Tecnologia de l’Arquitectura, Escola Politècnica Superior d’Edificació de Barcelona, UPC 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Navarro E-mail: [email protected] 4Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Martín-Martín E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The characterization of building materials is a key tool to assess deterioration processes and improve potential restoration works of archaeological sites. The aim of this paper is to identify and characterize the most important building stones used in the construction of the Roman city of Lixus (Larache, Morocco) by means of petrographic and petrophysical techniques. Based on the visual analysis of the monuments, three major building stones (i.e. lithotypes) have been identified: i) Oligocene sandstones, ii) Quaternary sandstones and iii) Quaternary conglomerates. -
1 Repertoires of Identities
Repertoires of Identities: Language, Intersectionality and Memory in Tunisia (1881-Present) Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Rahmouni, Kamilia Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 12:37:54 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633222 REPERTOIRES OF IDENTITIES: LANGUAGE, INTERSECTIONALITY AND MEMORY IN TUNISIA (1881-PRESENT) by Kamilia Rahmouni __________________________ Copyright © Kamilia Rahmouni 2019 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF MIDDLE EASTERN AND NORTH AFRICAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2019 1 2 Dedication To my most beloved and supportive mother and father… 3 Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisors Dr. Samira Farwaneh and Dr. Julia Clancy-Smith for their time and patience in guiding me through every major step of the dissertation process, and for their mentorship, guidance and tireless support throughout my journey as a graduate student. I am very grateful for the contributions that each of them made to my intellectual growth during my years of study at the University of Arizona. Special thanks are also due to Dr. Anne Betteridge and Dr. Leila Hudson for their valuable insight into this dissertation and for their generous support and assistance throughout the course of my studies. -
Abd Al-Karim of the Moroccan Rif, 1900 to 1921
FROM THE AsYAN TO AMIR: THE 'ABD AL-KARIM OF THE MOROCCAN RIF, 1900 TO 1921 Fabio T. ~6pezLdzaro B.A., university of Western Ontario, 1985 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History @ Fabio T. L6pez LBzaro 1988 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY May 1988 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL NAME: FABIO L~PEZ-L~ZARO DEGREE: MASTER OF ARTS TITLE OF THESIS: FROM THE AYAN TO AMIR: THE ABD AL-ICZRIM IN THE ' MOROCCAN RIF, 1900 TO 1921 EXAMINING COMMITTEE: Chair: Mary Lynn Stewart Dr. W. Cleveland, Professor Dr. J. P. ~pagnolo,Profess'dr Dr. R. Newton, Proressor DATE APPROVED: PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser Unlverslty the right to lend my thesis, proJect or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or In response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publlcation of this work for flnancial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay From the Ayan to Amir: The Abd al-Xarim in the Xoroccan Rif, 1900 to i92i. -
Généalogies Et Géographies Tribales
Grigori Lazarev Sociologue, et Géographe. Association de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Al Idrissi, Rabat Ancien fonctionnaire international (FAO), Rome. [email protected] Généalogies et géographies tribales Résumé : Cet article tire ses matériaux des travaux de G. Lazarev (en cours de publication) sur les « Populations et les territoires du Maghreb, VII°-XI° siècle ». Il propose quelques réflexions sur les rapports entre les généalogies et les géographies tribales pendant la période médiévale. Il fait bien entendu référence à Ibn Khaldûn et à l’approche généalogique de son histoire des groupements ethniques berbères jusqu’au XIV° siècle. L’analyse montre cependant les biais de son approche et son adéquation des généalogies à la succession des phases successives de l’histoire du Maghreb. Une contre-analyse permet de déceler les correspondances qui s’établissent entre les blocs généalogiques et la géographie des tribus du Maghreb. Cette contre-analyse vérifie une intuition tardive d’Ibn Khaldûn, mais que déterminé par le conformisme généalogique de son époque, il n’a pas appliquée dans son ouvrage antérieur, le kitab al ibar1. Mots clé : Maghreb médiéval, tribus berbères, généalogie tribale, géographie tribale au Maghreb Abstract: This paper is based upon works by G. Lazarev (in process of publication) on « Populations and Territories in Maghreb, VII°-XI° centuries ». It offers some thoughts on the relationships between genealogies and tribal geographies in medieval times. Of course, it refers to Ibn Khaldûn and to his genealogical approach of berber ethnic groups until century XIV. An analysis showshowever his approach’many biases due to hissimplified adequation to the successive phases ofMaghreb history. A counter-analysis leads to find straight correspondences between « genealogical blocks » andMaghreb tribal geography. -
CHAIN Las Otras Orillas
CHAIN Cultural Heritage Activities and Institutes Network Las otras orillas Sevilla and other places, 16-25/11/17 Enrique Simonet, Terrazas de Tánger (1914) The course is part of the EU Erasmus+ teacher staff mobility programme and organised by the CHAIN foundation, Netherlands A palm tree stands in the middle of Rusafa, Born in the West, far from the land of palms. I said to it: how like me you are, far a way and in exile, In long separation from family and friends. You have sprung from soil in which you are a stranger; And I, like you, am far from home. Contents Las otras orillas - a course story line ........................................................................................... 5 San Salvador (in Sevilla) ........................................................................................................... 8 Seville: The Cathedral St. Mary of the See ................................................................................. 10 Seville: Mudéjar Style ............................................................................................................. 12 Seville: How to decipher the hidden language of monuments' decoration ....................................... 14 Córdoba: A Muslim City on the remains of a Roman Colony ......................................................... 17 The Mezquita in Cordoba ......................................................................................................... 19 Streets of Córdoba ................................................................................................................ -
Ceramics of the Phoenician-Punic World: Collected Essays
ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 36 CERAMICS OF THE PHOENICIAN-PUNIC WORLD: COLLECTED ESSAYS Edited by Claudia SAGONA PEETERS LEUVEN – PARIS – WALPOLE, MA. 2011 993295_Anes_Supp36_Voorwerk.indd3295_Anes_Supp36_Voorwerk.indd iiiiii 330/05/110/05/11 113:403:40 CONTENTS Acknowledgements . ix Introduction . 1 Claudia SAGONA The Iron Age Pottery from Tell Beirut 1995 — Bey 032: Periods 1 and 2 . 7 Andrew S. JAMIESON Introduction . 7 Period 1 . 8 Period 2 . 10 Technical Analysis . 11 Manufacture . 11 Fabric . 13 Firing . 29 Shape Analysis . 30 Common Ware Types (CW) . 31 Bi-Chrome Ware Types (BCW) . 56 Cooking Pot Ware Types (CPW) . 66 Coarse Ware Types (COW) . 80 Fine Ware Types (FW) . 84 Red Slip Ware Types (RSW) . 87 Imported Decorated Ware Types (IDW) . 94 Plain ‘Crisp’ Ware Types (PCW) . 100 Amphora Ware Types (AHW) . 102 Black Glaze Ware Types (BGW) . 104 Quantitative Analysis . 105 Trends in the Period 1 and Period 2 Bey 032 Pottery . 106 Comparative Ceramic Analysis . 107 Conclusion . 114 Bibliography . 116 Tables 1–91 . 123 Concordance of Pottery . 173 Bey 032 Period 1 and Period 2 – Pottery Catalogue . 187 993295_Anes_Supp36_Voorwerk.indd3295_Anes_Supp36_Voorwerk.indd v 330/05/110/05/11 113:403:40 vi CONTENTS Tyre – al Bass. Potters and Cemeteries . 277 Francisco Jesús NÚÑEZ CALVO The Phoenician Cemetery of al-Bass . 278 The Ceramic Repertoire . 280 Technical Aspects . 284 Sources of Supply . 285 Conclusions . 291 Bibliography . 293 The Strait and Beyond: Local Communities in Phoenician Lixus (Larache Morocco) . 297 Carmen ARANEGUI, Mireia LÓPEZ-BERTRAN and Jaime VIVES-FERRÁNDIZ Introduction . 297 Lixus, and the Phoenicians in the Far West . 299 The Pottery from the Initial Levels . -
Timeline / 1300 to 2000 / MOROCCO
Timeline / 1300 to 2000 / MOROCCO Date Country | Description 1304 A.D. Morocco The great geographer Ibn Battuta, born in Tangiers, begins a 25-year journey that would take him to China in Asia and Timbuktu in Africa. 1349 A.D. Morocco Sultan Abu Inan founds the library of the Qarawiyin Mosque in Fez. 1350 A.D. Morocco Abu Inan builds the Buinaniya madrasa in Fez, where Marinid decorative arts find their full aesthetic expression. 1380 A.D. Morocco Ibn Marzuq, celebrated historian of the Marinid Sultan Abu al-Hassan, dies in Fez. 1415 A.D. Morocco The Portuguese take the town of Sebta. 1458 A.D. Morocco The Portuguese take the town of Qsar al-Saghir. 1489 A.D. Morocco A Portuguese column infiltrates Moroccan lands and begin work on the Graciosa fortress on the Loukkos River. 1497 A.D. Morocco The Duke of Medina-Sidonia takes the town of Melilla. 1505 A.D. Morocco The Portuguese found the fortress of Santa Cruz de Aguer near to the village of Founti. 1529 A.D. Morocco Ibn Askar, author of the hagiographic dictionary Dawhat al-Nachir. is born in Chefchaouen. 1549 A.D. Morocco The Sa‘dids crush the last Wattasids and enter Fez amid much ceremony. Date Country | Description 1552 A.D. Morocco Death of the great geographer al-Hassan al-Wazzan (Leo Africanus), whose works, written in Latin, illuminated many aspects of civilisation in the Maghreb. 1578 A.D. Morocco The Sa‘dids win the Battle of Oued al-Makhazin (Battle of the Three Kings – resulting in the death of ‘Abd al-Malik, Don Sebastian, King of Portugal and al- Mutawakkil) and the coronation of Ahmad al-Mansur al-Dhahabi (‘the golden’). -
Melilla Perspectives on a Border Town
MELILLA PERSPECTIVES ON A BORDER TOWN Michaela Pelican and Sofie Steinberger (eds.) Kölner Arbeitspapiere zur Ethnologie / Cologne Working Papers in Cultural and Social Anthropology (KAE) No. 6 Printed with support of the Global South Studies Center (GSSC) of the University of Cologne Kölner Arbeitspapiere zur Ethnologie No. 6 Cologne Working Papers in Cultural and Social Anthropology No. 6 Köln / Cologne 2017 ISSN 1864-7766 Editor INSTITUT FÜR ETHNOLOGIE, UNIVERSITÄT ZU KÖLN DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE Address Albertus Magnus Platz D 50923 Köln Phone 0049 (0) 221/470 – 2274 Fax 0049 (0) 221/470 – 5117 Email [email protected] URL http://ethnologie.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de/kae.html MELILLA PERSPECTIVES ON A BORDER TOWN Special issue edited by Michaela Pelican and Sofie Steinberger Cologne Working Papers in Cultural and Social Anthropology No. 6 University of Cologne 2017 4 5 EDITORIAL his special issue deals with the complex tory art and action project Kahina. We also situation of Melilla as a border town thank the Centro de las Culturas de Melilla that links Spain and Morocco, Europe for supporting the project that has led to this T and Africa. It addresses this subject collaboration. from a historical and contemporary perspec- tive and integrates various forms of reflection, This publication was made possible with the including academic, personal, and photo- generous support of the Global South Studies graphic accounts. Center (GSSC) of the University of Cologne. Our thanks also go to Constanze Alpen for the The contributions in this volume shed light professional layout and design as well as to on the city‘s historical, political, and social Carola Jacobs for editorial support. -
Citation.Pdf
Table of Contents Chapter I: Introduction and the Definition of Fascism - 2 Chapter II: Rise of Fascism in Italy - 14 Chapter III: Rise of Fascism in Germany - 33 Chapter IV: Road to the Spanish Civil War - 55 Chapter V: Rise of Franco - 77 Chapter VI: Comparing Spain with Italy and Germany - 99 Bibliography - 116 ii Chapter I Introduction The interwar period between the First and Second World Wars in Europe is a fascinating period of study for a political and military historian. The period saw some of the most radical changes to the European map since the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and the peace that established this period led to a general dissatisfaction with the political status quo. It was a period that saw the old guard being swept away, with new ideologies rising to challenge the political norms of liberalism and socialism. Italy and Germany are the two major countries that spring to mind when one thinks of ideological change during this time. Both saw a rise in the far-right that ultimately allowed those fringe organizations to seize power, but they were not the only major European countries to experience social upheaval before the Second World War. Spain, while neutral during the First World War, could not escape the changes or problems sweeping across Europe. However, whereas the Italian far-right and German far-right obtained their power through the established political systems in those countries, Spain ignited into a three-year-long civil war that saw anywhere between two hundred and fifty thousand to a million people killed.