Instrumentation and Metrology for Nanotechnology
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Accomplishments in Nanotechnology
U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretaiy Technology Administration Robert Cresanti, Under Secretaiy of Commerce for Technology National Institute ofStandards and Technolog}' William Jeffrey, Director Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment used are necessarily the best available for the purpose. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 1052 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 1052, 186 pages (August 2006) CODEN: NSPUE2 NIST Special Publication 1052 Accomplishments in Nanoteciinology Compiled and Edited by: Michael T. Postek, Assistant to the Director for Nanotechnology, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory Joseph Kopanski, Program Office and David Wollman, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory U. S. Department of Commerce Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 August 2006 National Institute of Standards and Teclinology • Technology Administration • U.S. Department of Commerce Acknowledgments Thanks go to the NIST technical staff for providing the information outlined on this report. Each of the investigators is identified with their contribution. Contact information can be obtained by going to: http ://www. nist.gov Acknowledged as well, -
Meso/Micro/Nano Scale Technologies
Meso/Micro/Nano Scale Technologies Clayton Teague, Chief, APTD, MEL John Evans, Chief, ISD, MEL June 8, 1999 Contents of Presentation • What we (MEL) have done in meso-scale area • What is nanotechnology • Nanotechnology is important • Principal message • Why is it important to industry and NIST? – Examples of industry/NIST work at all scales • Challenges for NIST • Long term needs at the nano-scale • Short term needs at the meso/micro-scales • Priorities • Ideas • Discussion topics Background • During past 9 months, MEL has explored measurements and standards needs of meso and micro-scale manufacturing • Visited 20 companies • Conducted and participated in three workshops jointly sponsored with DARPA and NSF • Organized informal NIST-wide co-ordinating group for meso/micro/nano scale activities • All feedback from these efforts points toward an exploding growth of nanotechnology • We see a continuum of needs for NIST efforts from the macro-scale to the nano-scale What is Nanotechnology? • Technology on the scale of atoms -100 pm- up to biomolecular systems as large as cells - 10’s mm • “Top-down” - achieving increased miniaturization through extension of existing microfabrication schemes • “Bottom-up” - capability to construct functional components, devices, and systems from building blocks of atoms and molecules Nanotechnology Strategies Nanotechnology is important! • “We’ve got to learn how to build machines, materials, and devices with the ultimate finesse that life has always used: atom by atom, on the same nanometer scale as the machinery in living cells.” Richard Smalley, Nobel Laureate, 1995 • “I believe nanoscience and nanotechnology will be central to the next epoch of the information age …” John Armstrong, formerly Chief Scientist of IBM, 1991 • “If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscale science and engineering.” Neal Lane, Director OSTP, 1998 • “Nanotechnology has given us the tools to make contact with the world of the molecule and the atom. -
Maintenance in Instrumentation Maintenance with Concept and Technology Focusing on Results
Maintenance in instrumentation Maintenance with concept and technology focusing on results www.andritz.com Specific knowledge for reliable instruments. Analytical instrumentation Due to its close relation with operation and process control, Instrumentation is a fundamental discipline to In Analytical Instrumentation, Maintenance continued process industries. Maintenance Solutions Division of ANDRITZ offers to Clients maintenance Solutions Division of ANDRITZ offers ser- contracts, as assuming the responsibility of managing and implementing conventional Instrumentation, as vices ranging from factory’s analyzers to managing specialized modules, such as analytics, metrology, automation and valves. a complete maintenance structure. MS Division can also assume full responsibili- Conventional instrumentation ty of the function, from the management of analyzers’ performance to the purchase Differentials and importation of spares. The purpose is to provide even more reliability to analytical ▪ Active in the management of contracts since 1993 process and environmental variables. ▪ Experience in major projects: “greenfield” and “brownfield“ Scope of the function ▪ Large specific instrumentation training bank ▪ Control loops in general ▪ Technologies integration capacity, ranging from pneumatic ▪ Field instrumentation and accessories nstrumentation through Fieldbus ▪ Primary measuring elements: sensors, Differentials ▪ Technological exchange between the diverse hired contracts Scope of the function detectors and meters ▪ Pioneer in Brazil in analytical -
Challenges for Nanomechanics of Biological Systems
NNI Interagency Workshop : Instrumentation and Metrology for Nanotechnology Grand Challenge Workshop National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD Jan 27-29, 2004 Challenges for Nanomechanics of Biological Systems Christine Ortiz, Assistant Professor Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering WWW : http://web.mit.edu/cortiz/www/ Biological systems are one of the most difficult classes of materials to study mechanically at the nanoscale.1-3 Their complex multilevel and multicomponent structures (e.g. tissues, cells, proteins) need to be highly purified and characterized with minimal sample preparation damage (if possible, with no polishing and chemical treatments) so as to still give information relevant to in vivo function. Nanomechanical testing can be challenging due to the need for near-physiological conditions (i.e. aqueous salt solutions, ionic strength=0.15M, pH=7.4), the existence of varied 3-dimensional geometries and multiple buried interfaces, and their dynamic and sometimes, extremely soft, fluid-like nature. Following is a summary of a few new areas which I believe represent the most significant new paths in this field. I. Integration of Nanomechanical Testing Methods with Nanoscale Chemical/Structural Characterization Techniques Down to the Single Molecule Level in Near-Phys iological Conditions. One promising example of this is the combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)(Figure 1).4-8 SERS is a higher resolution version of traditional Raman spectroscopy, in which the wavelength and intensity of inelastically scattered light from molecules is measured. These wavelengths are shifted from the incident light by the energies of molecular vibrations and hence, allow for chemical identification and characterization of substances. -
Nanolithography Activity in the Group: BG Group and AKR Group Has Extensive Activities in the Area of Nanolithography
Nanolithography activity in the group: BG group and AKR group has extensive activities in the area of nanolithography. The work is done in a Clean room of the centre which has been established with support from the Nanomission Projects. The clean room is class 10,000 class room which is maintained at class 1000 in specific areas. The facilities in the clean room allow optical lithography, electron beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion beam (FIB) lithography. Visit of the Honourable Union Minister for Science and Technology and Earth rd Science to the Bose Centre Clean room on 3 May, 2015 (Standing in front of Helios machine, 2nd from left ) One of the activities that is carried out on a routine basis is to integrate sub- 100nm nanowire of any material produced by bottom-up approach like chemical route or physical/chemical vapour deposition to a single nanowire device connected to 2 or 4 probes. Integrating the rich materials base of bottom-up approach with nano-lithograhic process is regularly done . For attaching nanowires to prefabricated contact pads for opt-electronic or electronic measurements in addition to EBL –lift off, FIB or Focused electron beam deposited metals (Pt or W) are also used. The group has done extensive work in the area of interface physics. Cross-sectional lamella using ion-beam lithographic technique is done on regular basis. WO 3/Pt/Si 30 µµµm TEM Lamella preparation of a nanowire grown Omni probe lifting off the sample on substrate using Ion-beam lithography Interface analysis of X-TEM Specimen: Partially/non aligned NWs- Interface cross section c Ankita Ghatak, Samik Roy Moulik Barnali Ghosh, RSC Adv. -
Nanometrology: Diffraction Rules
news & views and therefore matches poorly with the solar spectrum, Heeger explained that this can be solved by synthesizing new macromolecules with electronic structures that yield absorption spectra better matched to the solar spectrum. Additionally, through further improvements such as adding an optical spacer layer, optimizing the electrochemistry of the semiconducting polymers or using a tandem-cell configuration, the power conversion efficiency of plastic solar cells could reach an efficiency approaching that of existing inorganic solar cells. “Plastic solar cells could become a very important contribution towards a renewable energy JAMES BAXTER JAMES economy,” Heeger concluded. A report that summarizes the event, Experts sharing their thoughts on the future prospects of organic photovoltaics during the panel including opinions from the conference, a discussion session. round-up from the exhibition and several interviews with leading experts in the field of photovoltaics, will be published online potentially lightweight, flexible, rugged, nanomaterials, the power conversion and in print as a supplement in early 2011. ❐ insensitive to solar incidence angle and can efficiency of polymer solar cells has now be produced by roll-to-roll manufacturing reached ~8%, and this can be pushed Rachel Won is at Nature Photonics, Chiyoda techniques in large quantities. further according to Heeger. Although Building, 2-37 Ichigayatamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Based on ultrafast photo-induced currently the absorption band doesn’t 162-0843, Japan. electron transfer in bulk-heterojunction cover wavelengths longer than 650 nm e-mail: [email protected] NANOmEtROLOGY Diffraction rules Fast, precise and stable nanopositioning displacements with high precision over a and metrology are critical for the large working range and with long-term development of nanoscale structures, stability. -
Graphene.Vortex Fluidics.Final
Vortex fluidic exfoliation of graphite and boron nitride Author Chen, Xianjue, Dobson, John F, Raston, Colin L Published 2012 Journal Title Chemical Communications DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC17611D Copyright Statement © 2012 Royal Society of Chemistry. This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal website for access to the definitive, published version. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/47070 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Dynamic Article Links ► Journal Name Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/c0xx00000x www.rsc.org/xxxxxx ARTICLE TYPE Vortex fluidic exfoliation of graphite and boron nitride Xianjue Chen,a John F. Dobson,b and Colin L. Rastona,* Received (in XXX, XXX) Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XX, Accepted Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XX DOI: 10.1039/b000000x 5 Graphite is exfoliated into graphene sheets by the shearing in vortex fluidic films of N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), as a (a) (c) (d) controlled process for preparing oxide free graphene with minimal defects, and for the exfoliation of the corresponding boron nitride sheets. (b) 10 Solution based methods have been widely used for the synthesis !"#$%&'()*+, of graphene from graphite or graphite oxide,1 using high energy '-%.", sonication for the exfoliation process in generating mono- or 2-8 multi-layer structures. However, the associated cavitation process can result in damage to the graphene,2 which can affect Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the vortex fluidic device (10 mm diameter 9,10 o 15 its properties. Developing facile methods for accessing viable tube, 16 cm long, inclined at 45 , operating at 7000 and 8000 rpm for quantities of graphene devoid of such defects, and also of graphite and BN respectively). -
DRAFT Nanotechnology Roadmap Technology Area 10
National Aeronautics and Space Administration DRAFT NANoTechNology RoADmAp Technology Area 10 Michael A. Meador, Chair Bradley Files Jing Li Harish Manohara Dan Powell Emilie J. Siochi November • 2010 DRAFT This page is intentionally left blank DRAFT Table of Contents Foreword Executive Summary TA10-1 1. General Overview TA10-6 1.1. Technical Approach TA10-6 1.2. Benefits TA10-6 1.3. Applicability/Traceability to NASA Strategic Goals, AMPM, DRMs, DRAs TA10-7 1.4. Top Technical Challenges TA10-7 2. Detailed Portfolio Discussion TA10-8 2.1. Summary Description TA10-8 2.2. WBS Description TA10-8 2.2.1. Engineered Materials TA10-8 2.2.1.1. Lightweight Materials and Structures. TA10-8 2.2.1.2. Damage Tolerant Systems TA10-9 2.2.1.3. Coatings TA10-10 2.2.1.4. Adhesives TA10-10 2.2.1.5. Thermal Protection and Control TA10-10 2.2.1.6. Key Capabilities TA10-11 2.2.2. Energy Generation and Storage TA10-12 2.2.2.1. Energy Generation TA10-13 2.2.2.2. Energy Storage TA10-13 2.2.2.3. Energy Distribution TA10-14 2.2.2.4. Key Capabilities TA10-14 2.2.3. Propulsion TA10-14 2.2.3.1. Nanopropellants TA10-14 2.2.3.2. Propulsion Systems TA10-15 2.2.3.3. In-Space Propulsion TA10-16 2.2.3.4. Key Capabilities TA10-17 2.2.4. Electronics, Devices and Sensors TA10-17 2.2.4.1. Sensors and Actuators TA10-17 2.2.4.2. Electronics TA10-17 2.2.4.3. -
INSTRUMENTATION and CONTROL Module 3 Level Detectors
Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL Module 3 Level Detectors Level Detectors TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES ................................................... iii REFERENCES ..................................................... iv OBJECTIVES ...................................................... v LEVEL DETECTORS ................................................ 1 Gauge Glass .................................................. 1 Ball Float .................................................... 4 Chain Float ................................................... 5 Magnetic Bond Method .......................................... 6 Conductivity Probe Method ....................................... 6 Differential Pressure Level Detectors ................................. 7 Summary ................................................... 10 DENSITY COMPENSATION .......................................... 11 Specific Volume .............................................. 11 Reference Leg Temperature Considerations ............................ 12 Pressurizer Level Instruments ..................................... 13 Steam Generator Level Instrument .................................. 13 Summary ................................................... 14 LEVEL DETECTION CIRCUITRY ...................................... 15 Remote Indication ............................................. 15 Environmental Concerns ........................................ -
Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties
ISBN 0 85403 604 0 © The Royal Society 2004 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1998), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the appropriate reproduction rights organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to: Science Policy Section The Royal Society 6–9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG email [email protected] Typeset in Frutiger by the Royal Society Proof reading and production management by the Clyvedon Press, Cardiff, UK Printed by Latimer Trend Ltd, Plymouth, UK ii | July 2004 | Nanoscience and nanotechnologies The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties Contents page Summary vii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Hopes and concerns about nanoscience and nanotechnologies 1 1.2 Terms of reference and conduct of the study 2 1.3 Report overview 2 1.4 Next steps 3 2 What are nanoscience and nanotechnologies? 5 3 Science and applications 7 3.1 Introduction 7 3.2 Nanomaterials 7 3.2.1 Introduction to nanomaterials 7 3.2.2 Nanoscience in this area 8 3.2.3 Applications 10 3.3 Nanometrology -
Enhancing Undergraduate Students' Learning and Research
Paper ID #13595 Enhancing Undergraduate Students’ Learning and Research Experiences through Hands on Experiments on Bio-nanoengineering Dr. Narayan Bhattarai, North Carolina A&T State University Narayan Bhattarai is Assistant Professor of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University (NCAT). Dr. Bhattarai teaches biomaterials and nanotechnology to undergraduate and graduate students. He is principal investigator of NUE Enhancing Undergraduate Students’ Learning Experiences on Bio-Nanoengineering project at NCAT. Mrs. Courtney Lambeth, North Carolina A&T State University Mrs. Lambeth serves as the Educational Assessment and Administrative Coordinator for the Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in Greensboro, North Carolina. Dr. Dhananjay Kumar, North Carolina A&T State University Dr. Cindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University Her research team is skilled matching these newer manufacturing techniques to distinct material choices and the unique materials combination for specific applications. She is also renowned for her work in the Engineering Education realm working with faculty motivation for change and re-design of Material Science courses for more active pedagogies Dr. Devdas M. Pai, North Carolina A&T State University Devdas Pai is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of Education and Outreach of the Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials at North Carolina A&T State University. His teaching and research is in the areas of manufacturing processes and materials. Dr. Matthew B. A. McCullough, North Carolina A&T State University An assistant professor in the department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, he has his B.S. -
Engineered Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Nanoelectronics And
Engineered Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Nanoelectronics and Nanomechanics E. H. Yang Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 07030 ABSTRACT We are exploring nanoelectronic engineering areas based on low dimensional materials, including carbon nanotubes and graphene. Our primary research focus is investigating carbon nanotube and graphene architectures for field emission applications, energy harvesting and sensing. In a second effort, we are developing a high-throughput desktop nanolithography process. Lastly, we are studying nanomechanical actuators and associated nanoscale measurement techniques for re-configurable arrayed nanostructures with applications in antennas, remote detectors, and biomedical nanorobots. The devices we fabricate, assemble, manipulate, and characterize potentially have a wide range of applications including those that emerge as sensors, detectors, system-on-a-chip, system-in-a-package, programmable logic controls, energy storage systems, and all-electronic systems. INTRODUCTION A key attribute of modern warfare is the use of advanced electronics and information technologies. The ability to process, analyze, distribute and act upon information from sensors and other data at very high- speeds has given the US military unparalleled technological superiority and agility in the battlefield. While recent advances in materials and processing methods have led to the development of faster processors and high-speed devices, it is anticipated that future technological breakthroughs in these areas will increasingly be driven by advances in nanoelectronics. A vital enabler in generating significant improvements in nanoelectronics is graphene, a recently discovered nanoelectronic material. The outstanding electrical properties of both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1] and graphene [2] make them exceptional candidates for the development of novel electronic devices.