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In-Depth Coastal/Marine Survey Report for the Municipality of El Nido

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In-Depth Coastal/Marine Survey Report for the Municipality of El Nido IN-DEPTH COASTAL/MARINE SURVEY REPORT FOR THE MUNICIPALITY OF EL NIDO September 2006 Prepared for: PALAWAN COUNCIL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Palawan Center for Sustainable Development Sta. Monica Heights, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines 5300 Email: [email protected] Tel.: (63-48) 434-4235, Fax: 434-4234 Funded through a loan from : JAPAN BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Prepared by: PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL in association with ALMEC Corporation CERTEZA Information Systems, Inc. DARUMA Technologies Inc. Geo-Surveys & Mapping, Inc. Photo Credits: All photos by SEMP-NP ECAN Zoning Component Project Management Office This report can be reproduced as long as the convenors are properly acknowledged as the source of information Reproduction of this publication for sale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the written consent of the publisher. Printed by: Futuristic Printing Press, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines Suggested Citation: PCSDS. 2006. In-Depth Coastal/Marine Survey Report for El Nido Municipality Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables iii List of Figures v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vi CHAPTER 1. MANGROVE 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 OBJECTIVES 1 3.0 EXPECTED OUTPUT 2 4.0 METHODOLOGY 2 4.1 Date and Place of Survey and Location of Transect 2 4.1.1 Sampling Procedure 6 4.1.2 Field Methods 6 4.1.3 Data Processing and Analysis 8 5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10 5.1 Biodiversity Assessment 10 5.1.1 Species Composition and Distribution 10 5.1.2 Ecological Diversity Indices 13 5.1.3 Similarity Index and Matrix 18 5.1.4 Analysis of Variance for Significant Difference of Diversity Index 21 5.1.5 Cluster Analysis 22 5.2 Mangrove Forest Conditions and Structure 24 5.2.1 Relative Values 24 5.2.2 Average Stocking 25 5.2.3 Stand Volume 28 5.3 Ecological Condition and Degradation 33 5.4 Mangrove Management Zoning and Proposed Strategy 35 5.4.1 Ranking of Mangrove Sites for ECAN Zoning 35 5.4.2 Proposed Management Strategy 38 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 48 CHAPTER 2. SEAGRASS 49 1.0 Introduction 49 2.0 Materials and Methods 50 3.0 Results and Discussion 52 4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 56 CHAPTER 3. CORAL REEFS 57 1.0 Introduction 57 2.0 Review of Literature 57 3.0 Materials and Methods 57 4.0 Results 60 5.0 Discussion 74 6.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 80 CHAPTER 4. REEF FISHES 81 1.0 Introduction 81 2.0 Materials and Methods 81 3.0 Results 82 4.0 Discussion 85 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 87 APPENDICES 88 Appendix 1. Estimated fish abundance (individuals/400 sqm) per species from 7 sampling stations, El Nido, Palawan, February to March 2004 88 Appendix 2. Estimated fish biomass (kg/400 sqm) per species from 7 sampling stations, El Nido, Palawan, February to March 2004 98 Appendix 3. Fish species richness from 6 sampling stations in El Nido, Palawan, Data Summarized from MERF, 1993 108 LIST OF REFERENCES 109 _____________________________________________________________________ ii List of Tables Table No. Title Page 1 Location and position of Belt Transects surveyed by Mangrove 3 Team in El Nido, 2004 2 List of true and associate mangrove species identified and 10 recorded in El Nido, Palawan, 2004 3 Distribution and abundance of top 10 mangrove species 13 in different sampling sites of El Nido, 2004 4 The diversity indices of 43 sampling sites in mangrove forest 15 of El Nido calculated using different diversity formula 5 The relative values of the average overall diversity index 16 and evenness based on Fernando Biodiversity Scale (1998) 6 Degree of Similarity based on Percent Diversity Index 19 of El Nido 7 Analysis of Variance 21 8 The RF, RDen, RDom, and IV of top 15 mangrove 24 species in El Nido, 2004 9 Average Stocking (N/ha) of Timber and Pole size trees 27 per transect in El Nido, 2004 10 Stand Volume (m3/ha.) of Timber and Pole size trees by transect 29 in El Nido, 2004 11 Mangrove index of degradation and ecological condition 33 indices of El Nido based on forest structure and ecological diversity 12 Ranking of mangrove ecological indices for ECAN zoning 37 and potential management options 13 Factors considered in choosing appropriate management 40 strategies of mangrove areas in El Nido, Palawan 14 Seagrass Resource Location and Description 49 15 Seagrass Description in the Proposed High Priority ECAN 54 Zones, 2004 16 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for Pinasil Island. 62 17 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for the Shallow 63 Station at Tapiutan Island. 18 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for the Deep Station 64 at Tapiutan Island. 19 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for the Shallow 65 Station at Cadlao Island. 20 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for the Deep Station 66 at Cadlao Island. 21 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for the Shallow 67 Station at Daracotan Island. 22 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for the Deep Station 68 at Daracotan Island. 23 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for Tiniguiban Reef. 70 24 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for Talawtawan 71 Island. _____________________________________________________________________ iii 25 Coral Reef Benthic Composition/Lifeform for Cabugao Island. 72 26 List of Coral-genera and Species, El Nido, Palawan 73 27 List of genera recorded in the present and previous surveys 75 showing the unique and common genera in the respective studies 28 Diversity (generic) of reef corals at selected sites in El Nido, 76 Palawan. Acrhelia horrescens is an uncommon coral species that was found only at Tapiutan island 29 Proposed coral reef core zones in El Nido, Palawan 77 30 Geo-coordinates of the 7 sampling Stations in El Nido, Palawan 83 31 Total species richness (species), abundance (individuals) and 83 Biomass (kg) of fishes from 7 sampling stations in El Nido, Palawan, March 2004 32 Mean species richness (species/100 sqm), abundance 84 (individuals/100 sqm), and biomass (kg/100 sqm) of fishes from 7 sampling stations in ElNido, Palawan, March 2004 33 Total abundance (individuals) of indicator, major and target 85 species from 7 sampling stations in El Nido, Palawan, March 2004 34 Mean abundance (individuals/100 sqm) of indicator, major and 85 target species from 7 sampling stations in El Nido, Palawan, March 2004 _____________________________________________________________________ iv List of Figures Figure No. Title Page 1 Municipality of El Nido, 2004 2 2 Diameter measurement of mangrove trees 6 3 Mangrove Regeneration 7 4 Rhizophora apiculata 12 5 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza 12 6 Xylocarpus granatum 12 7 Ceriops tangal 12 8 Rhizophora mucronata 12 9 Distribution and abundance of top 5 mangrove species in 13 different sampling sites of El Nido, 2004 10 The Cluster Analysis of 43 transects in El Nido, Palawan, 23 2004 11 Graph showing pattern of Relative Values of top 15 25 mangrove species in El Nido, Palawan, 2004 12 Graph showing average stocking of Pole and Timber 26 13 Picture showing portion of Cadlao mangrove area 32 14 Picture showing degraded mangrove area 33 15 Locations of the Proposed ECAN Core Zones 51 16 Estimates of bottom cover on swathe 52 quadrats (size 5 x 2.5 m) across the extent of seagrasses, i.e., from shore incidence to seaward end, in the four areas proposed as high-priority seagrass core zones 17 Seagrass in-depth survey composition, shoot densities 53 (mean ± SEM), and bottom cover (mean %) of seagrasses determined from the smaller quadrats (area=0.250 m2) 18 Seagrass in-depth survey canopy heights of the numerically 55 dominant seagrasses in the four areas surveyed 19 Map of the coral reef in-depth survey study area, El Nido, 58 Palawan 20 Coral reef in-depth study survey stations where the line or 69 video transect methods were employed 21 Benthic Lifeform Summary for the Sites and Stations 78 assessed in the in-depth surveys of El Nido, Palawan 22 Proposed Coral Reef Core Zones in El Nido, Palawan 79 23 Reef fish in-depth survey Sampling Stations, El Nido, 82 Palawan, March 2004. Stations in red are the proposed core zones 24 Fish Sampling Stations in El Nido from the survey of 86 MERF, 1993 25 Proposed core zones based on the reef fish in-depth survey, 87 El Nido, Palawan, March 2004, and the survey of MERF, 1993 _____________________________________________________________________ v Executive Summary The Municipality of El Nido was identified as one of the two municipalities in Palawan for detailed ECAN Zones Management Planning under the Sustainable Environmental Management Project (SEMP-NP). These two areas were the subject of detailed assessments that employed detailed methodologies following the SEMP- NP Manual on Terrestrial and Coastal Field Surveys. The selected sites in the two areas for in-depth surveys for seagrass, coral reef and reef fishes were the pre- identified potential ECAN core zones based on the results of the previously conducted baseline studies. The assessment of mangrove was based solely on this in-depth survey. Mangrove The in-depth mangrove survey for El Nido municipality was undertaken to characterize its species biodiversity, and community structure and condition. The generated data were used to recommend appropriate management zoning of mangroves and recommend alternative management strategies/measures to strengthen locally-based management scheme(s). The survey was conducted from 16 April to 06 May 2004. The Belt Transect Method was employed where 10 m x 50 m plots were located along the transect. Based on a 0.1% sampling intensity 43 transects distributed in 14 barangays were selected for the survey. The mangrove forest in El Nido occupies a total land area of 3, 217.27 has, almost 78 percent (78%) of which are classified to be of sparse and open canopy, composed of regenerations and least poles.
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