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Ethnic Regional Autonomies Database (ERAD) Codebook Version 2-2017

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Ethnic Regional Autonomies Database (ERAD) Codebook Version 2-2017 Ethnic Regional Autonomies Database (ERAD) Codebook Version 2-2017 Compiled by Petr Panov ERAD has been developed in the framework of the research project «Securing a balance in interethnic relations: regional autonomies, the state integrity and the rights of ethnic minorities». The project is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Grant №15-18-00034 and carried out by the group of researchers of Perm State National Research University (Political Science Department) and Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Political Institutions and Processes Department) Nadezhda Borisova, Lidia Borodina, Inna Vakina, Eleonora Minaeva, Maria Nazukina, Petr Panov, Oleg Podvinstev, Andrey Semenov, Konstantin Sulimov, Lyubov Fadeeva. 1 Content The concept of ethnic regional autonomy (ERA)……… ..................................... 5 The list of ethnic regional autonomies ................................................................... 8 Ethnic Regional Autonomies Database (ERAD) .................................................. 9 Units of observation ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Structure of the ERAD ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Missing data: coding rules ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 Projection of the data ................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1. General characteristics of both ERA and respective (host) country ............ 12 Notes and comments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Post-colonialism: coding rules .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Post-colonialism: coding rules .................................................................................................................................................... 14 2. Ethnic composition of the population .............................................................. 16 Notes and comments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Dominant and titular ethnic groups: definition ........................................................................................................................... 18 Dominant ethnic groups: comments on some cases .................................................................................................................... 19 Titular ethnic groups: comments on some cases ......................................................................................................................... 20 Linguistic and religious distance between the dominant and the titular ethnic groups .............................................................. 22 2 3. Autonomy in the context of the host country .................................................. 25 Notes and comments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Economic indicators .................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Demographic indicators ............................................................................................................................................................... 30 4. Political characteristics of the host country .................................................... 40 Notes and comments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Missing data ................................................................................................................................................................................. 42 Ethno-regional political parties ................................................................................................................................................... 43 Power-sharing in national government ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Electoral statistics ........................................................................................................................................................................ 45 5. Political characteristics of an autonomy ......................................................... 47 Notes and comments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 48 Missing data ................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 Ethno-regional political parties ................................................................................................................................................... 49 Power-sharing in regional government ....................................................................................................................................... 49 6. Preferential policies ........................................................................................... 51 Notes and comments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 53 Index RAI: content and missing data .......................................................................................................................................... 53 Linguistic policy .......................................................................................................................................................................... 54 7. Conflicts .............................................................................................................. 64 Notes and comments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 65 3 Variables from ACD2EPR .......................................................................................................................................................... 65 Variables on the basis of Conflict Barometer Annual Reports ................................................................................................... 66 References .............................................................................................................. 69 Appendix. The list of ethnic regional autonomies .............................................. 71 Core list ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 Border-line list ................................................................................................................................................................................ 75 Notes and comments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 76 4 The concept of ethnic regional autonomy (ERA) In the framework of the project, ethnic regional autonomy (ERA) is defined on the ground of essential characteristics (attributes) – territorial autonomy and ethnic character of a sub-national unit. ERA is an administrative-territorial unit of the first sub-national level, which is bases on an ethnic ground and has a sufficiently high degree of political self-government within the sovereignty of the national state. Empirical criteria (necessary conditions) and operational indicators for defining of sub-national unit as ERA: 1. Autonomy Territorial autonomy is assumed that sub-national units enjoy self-government (self-rule); at the same time, autonomous sub- national units are the parts of their host (principle) states, not independent entities. The scope, the content, and the form of territorial units’ self-governance differ significantly from case to case. Therefore two criteria are introduced for the definition of territorial autonomy: 1.1. Region has political autonomy Operational indicator of political autonomy - the presence in the regions its own legislature, and its own powers and jurisdiction This distinguishes political autonomy from administrative autonomy, which is a result of delegation of executive / administrative authority to lower levels of government (Benedikter, 2009: 11; Wolff, 2010: 10). 1.2. Region is included in national politics and the host state is able
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