1'$Lil"-:',';^I#:Tf;Ii;L;I"''L'?I.."1"1"D"'"Yi""*Ll?,';,;;:' Il.'I.Rrlti'it! """ Tixa and New Combinationsare Proposed: ';'';',:";';;'Ffiilk"'#;: H ';;, "", ' {L , F

$1'$Lil"-:',';^I#:Tf;Ii;L;I"''L'?I.."1"1"D"'"Yi""*Ll?,';,;;:' Il.'I.Rrlti'it! """ Tixa and New Combinationsare Proposed: ';'';',:";';;'Ffiilk"'#;: H ';;, "", ' {L , F$

A revision of the Australian species of Hybanthus Jacquin (Violaceae) BY Eleanor M Bennett

Abstract trealn]eniis presentedof lhe AustraLianspecies offll'd'l'rrs' A taxoiomic di'cu"ed The L" r']''.il'ii irr"ii"u' ancrie mo'pholog)and.anarom),are t:i*":i"t,;r:;:;.1'$lil"-:',';^i#:tf;ii;l;i"''l'?i.."1"1"d"'"Yi""*ll?,';,;;:' il.'i.rrlti'it! """ tixa and new combinationsare proposed: ';'';',:";';;'ffiilk"'#;: H ';;, "", ' {l , F. Muell 'ub'p r/P//arloid?r tDominr 'rat no\" ',t'p "il*-ar 'ubspnor".H tlo.tihmtlt''sub'P ;;;;::;;!;L'i;dt;l: M'.ir \4uerrrr \4uerl i;li;i;:l.;';"';;'' -it-.',:"r',tirl'spio'andH v' r iitr' subsp,,tadrer-suDsP, nov, arc grvenfor 8 of the ll Australianspecies and the chromosome"a;.i,ii.ia.counls given' .ytori!''"ii irisrribiurionnaps for all taxa are Introduction on Hyhanthusrvas pubtishe<1 by Jacquin,in I760 rvasbased Tlre nane -lt (1824' r;..i"i? hat'anensii'which is therefoiethe type - St' Hilaire tfr" r-e]. y was rn firtrrlhls u'ith lonidiun e\t' (1803),.a.sthe latter name ".".i,'r""itJ[ too much current use and a renamlng under Hybanthus would ha'"e caused Australian lonidiurtt ;;;i;;;";:- in ltio lar. .i ttansfefidd the then accepted speciesto H Ybantlus. (176O)was At the Vienna Congressin 1905 the rame H'rbQ thus.-Jacq "eui"ti-itt .uitl., svnonvmCalceo1a'- rhls con- .o^.'ii !::L ^!tli!]:. tbat the servationwas larer consrderedro bi unnecessaryas it u,as thought br'rt Dandv i;il";;-;;;; lnJiJ u"ing unaccompanied bv a description' (1969)pointed out that a genericde'cription wai prorided Therefore Cal- olat iq Loefl.nru.t rcmaill on the li\[ ol nomlnarejlclcnca' Hybanthus According to Airy Shaw (1906) there are 150 speciesof- ]n Africa and Asia' No.th Ameriia, Soutli America, Australia, Malaysia' South none being recorded in ir;;;;;;;;;;':iti rG .uiniuno statesof Ausiralia, Tasmania.

Nlorphotogy of the Australian species

Hahit thickening' All the Australian speciesol H;banthus develop.secondary bushle-tsof F1 eld- -ori'U.it* tfti"ti ranging from a height of 50 cm in the H' epqcrci'les' ","J,aii"'i - itltte iDl]ani form of H floribuntius'-American one species.' havanensis also ;.;;i;; ipi""i..nt branches. The :nec-ies,.1-t, violaceae i.u"ioit titi,t" "pines, a ieature comparatively rare in the calltinur, H- Jcbilissittls' H' rclubilis and H ate Hrbqnrltus .monupctaluswith i.i.roplngn.tirt grolvth lrom an utrdergroundt1'tl'omq o.*;;1;i;;;;; bark i'i"-ir,l"lrrir.i". ald base-of the items develop a white pithy bark This noticeably ;ft;'d-.;;loos;; ih. ,,..t ol H. Qurantiaatsrvhere it becomes fissured witir age. Le0)es has opposrte The leaves of most speciesare alternate, 6vl H' no opetalus Iower nodes' f.u""t'u't'i iiti tpp., noJes'inaddition to the alternateleaves of the iiii"i u"A' il- epacroitleshave leaYesclustered at the nodes' 2t8 ':'r;it:i 6#,i"'f;li*id"f,?#'ilr3";i',{1a1e r*,,rr*.r""* Jtxi ":fi lerrba Lurxo-rdd" Jo slpted peoriqs'f,pueragrp jo ,.,inj o^i'l* "r"qr slDtad lo.taJDT

'n e1BrrJrq,{1 serrerreu rql ruo{ uorlarces,,r} ^lqeq,ord?tr JtJ"r1'Jl""ir"rl'r""T;:Jtltr:l:i scuaJseqnd puu sa8pr: eql jo ac^ues_erdiq1 :-,nrii eql olur pualxe .tetu qcnl,r ecueoseqndal!q.^\ Jo slunou" Bur,{re,reiisa8pu "qj u""^1"g np!l[:',:l,L:l;ot'Jfll"1i|:ji ^\ErJ,rqr Jo qraual oqr pu"'"" ,rap,., .rolla^:.q1.:trl.p_i" ' ro onlqeled rltla ellq.,!\sl ,\\EIJ rq] ^lLEreuaC."ie1ad jirelel aqfo q6uey aq] u'qr ssal.ro 01 lenbe aq ,{eur^\e1c eq1 fire pem"zlcxjpugs'1p sg pFil:qi ,iiffig^':l?ri :1^1:'osqnsl"jl glg? re)r"p ero a u,u,.,1'"tiT ouf i,:Iil\ ;i:;;:: snturadsDtuuaH pue snro,ltuD.lnD.77 u1 ;i pu? 'ruroJruor rdJuo 1e1oq,r_eri1qrlliriuJa ir ot el"^o ruo+ Burfre,rreln5rq:oqns ,{lpcrdil sr n,iiLrl "q1 rearelqcnu.r srpu" porrnds .{1pur1srp sr,.,r"d, on,1n.,1rnytl"ir"X,t",Jilltill""ut lDlad Jo!.!aJav

ur r.r' spnq.rr,{\og*tJ .roqtoeql ueqrroqslq tlrqS,lr'j:i;lr,]tl {:_:liyreo :ll .elrunpad aqlJo Juo lnq s.redur rn.:.ro_{eq1 5qt eieuiurjei,{"r.11 se slcerq p0llec .{llrerror aroJararll.re 11e1sdurra,r,r6g aqt uo'sa,reeipiglpo_ ,q1 rlc'eor sorl"la.rur,tu€A eseqr^ .srJ€rq aql *.i;";:1lr:1orl," !]11"r !1,r",{roeqt pu" 'stcerq 3o.:19d aqr molaq Aur:.rncao Auire^<)g eq1 go qFuel:j.j:-1t-p-"3- 3q1aq 11e1s " ol pe.leprsuoJ.red?d srql ur sr lo,r.ogkrulrlos e3o olcunped5q1' p)lpad puD apury)ad 'pecnpo:d sl snuulculJ lloqs " (esoruacsJ) r"rsaqcouoru sr qt,$or8 .leqilnJ 1:IT.?111.::T,?c 'l"rseqrrp: oo1"^"p !1pi,f"Io ;iil"t",1:l',t'J:i:"10",3:lt"'ili:"LTjl lnq sr uorsrlrp1s-rg eqt srueld uJ- .r"*og k.rn1,1.os"n if:.01 !l lera^es ruuseqcrpe trro{ uorlauel snotlssnpunEto{.11 .,{relriosra,reu o.re sle,\\og snou€As€ llr^\ sBsacue-ri:rogur lerseq:rp 1uu1d eues arjj .111-111-:y.l]:9!q"u*! snsgtnwtrH .t€uturrt ::.]Y:::li aq ,{eu li lileuorsirjo rnq X.,e11,reii tLD AllB.reurD o1 saur,{cq6n6i,q1 ia,reel slxe srJ,rog:::i.^::r:C!l -.sruac"r .;o eq1ur Jlbursuro{ a8uersed,{l JJuocserogur eq1 iercedi ue,lurjsiy "q; u1 pu"ts6t) eruor^\e.rpele.,rsn11, srpue peldecre ^,r"-,1t":ul"llgt]rtlililj ,{rslrxe{e ^::::."-1"j9!ii"ry,{c uEJo uorscnperpnper8 eq1 q8no.,ql'(9961) asore s5rcaii snqluDqtlHJo sre,rou .{re11xeal8urs eql 1eq1 pe,rarleq ezlnqcg .s.ro,rou e^€gsreqlo ,{rerrtosaa.eq sarceds ernos .sryrupqt ::::::j^r:_::.y{9serceosu"rTerlsnv eql H Jo urqlr^\sarntJnrls elqeue,r isoru "r, * ,r.r:;i:Xr_)i, "r:L"i(j'Ji'1'J'i."f 'Tfi?:# i1",?';""3^.il:l$:f ,t/."J,',1 ;i",};;$,'"0 pue13 pro'ro snonprJap B qrr.r pecldrl oJB . ':.y,;_!ya!!:',H ,iili;rle ;;'ii,',r"",?f;"s. :,:::,:,i",':i:",!:,"/J:f,'!;q\", suliJeur i" .JJlluJ elelnJrluopaql Sureqsuoude.rxa el€ surd.reLueq1 ,(11ecrd,{j' "-"1 - '1 -\ I V i -,:i',.-Y [t-:'ztr-t1 Lj.-i-:ni _\- / )v-\( )\"') | .-,-,

.' ll \\- /'- J N -// r !r"_ / \\.- ?-\' -./-/

1 Fieurel Antherstructure (diagrammatic). I Undersurface ofposterioranth.er' 2-Upper .nttte.l r-: teminal connectiveappendase;.L : loculi appendas€s; i;i;;^.i ;;i;;i;; or e"":;;d];; ii'.;:'d- bilocutar-anther:A . antheisurlace $hrch ma) beslabrous hareiarring digrees of pubescence:C basalgland'

The Detalsof the outer pair are typically narrorv-oblongand entire The o.tutt oi [t.lnn.t pair sho*'numerousvariaiions in 'hapebetween lhe species' bul typicalllthey are up to 0 5 mm longerthan the ouler petals

Anclroeciunt All five stamensare free with the edgesof the anthers apparently united by "on*-ciine tissue. All have conspicu-ous terminal connective appendages rnloa iiieure-r"'"rr ti\ hich are imbricatemaking the anthersappear to be connale petals' i"u?l tp..i.i ih. trrt.nt areihorter than or equal10 the lateral In all speciesthe anterior pair of stamens bear at tlle base spur append- "".t *l]"i"'ui.-t".i-i.,. rl"i" nectaries may be sessileand glabrous as in rt.,nonop"tolrt, glabrous and stalked as in some forms of H' enneaspermus' iiattea ri'itl a tuft of hairs at the tip as in other forms of -F1'enneaspermus' or densely pubescentas in H- aurantiacus. Aoicalloculi appendages (Figure l) arefound in somespecies or In some r.t-t'*itrrin u irr.ii'it. ri.t. ippendiges are narrow-triangular and always lessthan 0'5 mm long.

Gynoecium "."i19:"l"il, The ovary, composed of th-reecarpels, is regular 3td -I1J: dirti*tiu i-;;i]J;ni in vounet uit upieari to bJ3-keeled In all speciesthe as ovarvisis-ovoidlslobose ovoid-globoseand glabrousglabrous. The styleisrs two to1o threethree-tlmes trmes as long as the'r'" ovary,^","" beakheak shaped,.haned and orien(aledtowards the lronLol the Ho\ er' -l

seddlor'{c eql uee^uaq suorlJurrsrp l'3r8oloqdJour ou eq or :eedde eragl , .;os1ue1d u,rnrco zr : " 0""fY';T":ff$##.11l31?,:'u;ii,;ff, t

ereuo4elndod srql ur s,lu€ld_eqr Jr easo, ,no 0",-,.,n"Xtll";j3il ;"N"rl[:rt -osr B eq Jo tlnsar lle,^\fBru ,{ptold^lodsrr{l pue uortnqr.Us,pirel:age Xlqeqorci "qt ur rueurrllrs pue. .s:rrr1e.:o1 ::!-.":11 rueudo;e,req r5qio uurJ prtJrllor (L-^^r_ f,llecr8oloqdroLu,prqsrn8u|lsrp:qrouuer4Jqf .punoJerr$ :l::19 i9! qcrq,nur uorlelnd-od :y_"1:.9]1"9:11"o'ItZ'Zl '9 11euse seJn35c, tr7 u ilirmsruuid eq1 - u) sJrqunuproldeq jo e8uerepr,r e seqsnpuiqttogf iirtMoqtH -ro, uope_s'q 3ureq uorleredas ,,u,.rr,o;::;)t"j'",I::l:ilT:"?;:"lilii:l"t' 'o^\t put. H taqlo aqt pie isoiiugng uorjces aql ur pepnlcur .stlloladoaou,H .11 eJE'snJDrluotnD p\e snw.radsDarra 'JsJrll o,rJ .r:x .snua8 Jo Jequlntr esB(l eql o^rl{ sercadsrnog eqt roj p5ida.rre'a{ i pu€ .VZ.Zl ,g ,9 ,t:u rsnLul: ,_ x Jo srecl -unu es?q aLlI alu punoJ s:aqunr eruosouto:qceq1 rouuecazrs ro acuaeedde 'sls,{l€ue urseJueregrp ]eqr lle.us., "r" ,"*o,"*JiT:tif ;l ad,{1ofu"{ roj frolce3srlesun s?^\ pJurLuBxe -uac lsu;tEru crlo}rtu 5q1 i11e-,i Jlqelr?êsu.r leuetetu cuol{l ou lnq-.sJrJJds.raqlo {ue ui ueql rjirel rlJnu aJe snlDpdouoLLtstrtluoq.(H ur 1 tseqdeljtu 1e stuosoruoiqc eq1 ul 3u!ulels )roJaq , .-^ :]j"lo^rl1::" loqoJle-tJH ur prtprrJBr! puE aurJrrlrloi) luJJlJo 1.0 q]Lr pJlEJrluerq 3urÊq{;snorra-rd srql'leuelELu-drl .ureJro loorlspuc loor ruo{ paurelqo ere,{\ sluno3 ,l\al V crlece ui pourels pue elnlosqe loqocl€ ur perols.loqocle crlere ur paxg ere^\ qrlq,r s11::ieqjou_ira11o'a iuoig "-,.t't stunoJ .pJSruSoJaJ P?ulntqo lsohl sJrJJdsqnsOlaqtlo 4-aurodo,"uo.rq3 Burpnlrursarcedi s tlraoqr.HuerjpJtsnV 0l Jq] Jo g Jo ap"u uaeqa,tri1 slunbc \I elqeI) staqwnu aLuosouto,tqJ jil#,Hff o,{rq',eeqr sercads ra_qro"u, u, ,",,liruJ il'i"^T;;"ji:"":fi:Ji,1 ,(t Erur\oJdde :1.11:ill_tlll"" Jlsq sluesrJdr,ro,4.rque oqr srtoliuorno.ll pue t:y::!:i^ryya H aELnqlBdsoste are^\ sotuqure eql rojonot snqpoqill pue Do.tDrouaDlot/1 ut if punoJ reqt uruBn ..JEJurlJJEsJrJJdsrJqto aqilo ioxrcju,: Jql sBJrJq_rlatElnqteds 3ur;q sE pepr€BaJ 'H aJEsnJDuuDtnD.yl pue siuttatlsoaiuua Jo solJque Jql (9t61) uruBn ,{q uerrBsuorlrugtp }ir Burncrl1.r1 ". " "" -procJe'qJrq^\'snllu",{qsog,alrq^\lll^t:LLl::, 19 ?t{d:, w ol"f.lJrq1 i l,L:#' X',Y{J, l6,fli;g;1 ; ilJJ'J,,,1: E dolJêps:,j:its 11elo-iplesaq1 r3qroarlrJo speas ueq.^\ uees rou s.,r 'u. .:""t""$oli:i:iH$ii"ffi\'ffi*: sn)DuuDtnD .H H pue snLu.ladspauua Jo speeseqt relem ur pb4ibs ueq16 p::-l:fl:rdl[::"]gS uota e snrpltuDrno.H puu,rurroro";;"ol:; l;#Hj snuD(lD) ur tuur g ot !: j-::119I.I'umorq 11 swnltrlssllqapjqr ur u(u 9.1 Lo.r1 ezrsur iuriue.r lrep pue leprosdrlle-proôare iaiceoiliour;6 slaeseq1 SPAAS

.alleul JUoJo JJuelsrpe o1 dn spoaspaltndelec ,4ro1eroqe1eql ur lueq,..snup.qo).g jo :i"o- 'stuantrlsuor.{el salnsdJc "itg 1'oqi aureq sp-eesaql Iedr"r aarqt aq1olur xede iqt uor3 fl1"ecaie1eaurllqos 'paprs-e .pe11u,n_1irqj'sr'elniaec .{ci secsrqeptI ,{ltcurtsrppu? snoJreuoc eq1 alnsdDJ TABLE 1 Chromosomenumber of Hybanthusspecles.

Species T ^.rlirw 2rt Collection Number

Subgenus /orrzirlm Section ,Srlftatrcosi .... King Rive. .... EMS I73I subsp, enneaspernus .... Darwin NB 595 Broome l6 L 6001

H. aurantiacus... Durack River 8 EMS 1822 Broome l6 EMS 1925 Walter JamesRange .... 8 ASG8887

Section Variabiles Group I (x2), H. .. Parkerville .... EMB 2207 2801 foribundus EMS 532 stbsp. floribundus Brookton Highway .. t2 W. of Merredin t2 EMB 2141(x3) S. of SalmonCums 12 EMB 2156(x3) *Ravensthorpe 12 EMB 2190 S. of Pingrup l2 EMB 2199 (x2) Kalgarin 12 EMB 2201 E. of Kondinin t2 EMB 2202 (v.2) w. of Kondinin t2 EMB 2203 E. of Corrigin 12 EMB 2204 Ceraldton t2 EMB 2241 (x5) Perenjori-PaYnesFind l2 EMB 2243(x4) Warriedar Station 12 EMB 2245 Dongara l2 EMB 2216 Kalba a t2 PGW 6',72s E. of Southern Cross 6 12 EMB 2151,2803 EMB 2152(x3) H. floribundus ... No$eman .6t2 subsp.crfvrfol,/s Balladonia PGW 7738 S. of Coolgardie l2 EMB 2804 (x2)

... E- of Ravensthorpe 6 EMB 2181 (x2) H. floribundus (x5), subsp. adpres.ras Ravensthorpe 612 EMB 2187 2455, 2541 Ravensthorpe t2 RAS 512 Hopetoun Road 6 EMB 2195(x2) S. of Ravensthorpe EMB 2189

H. cymulosus .... Mt. Singleton 6 EMB 2246 2249 croup II H. monopetalus ...... culoul Range 4 NSW 99494 OceanBeach .4 NSW 112261 Wyadup l2 EMS 1640 Busselton t2 EMB 2266 Cape Naturaliste t2 EI|.IB 2269 S. of Mandurah l2 E}JIB 2254 2257 Naval Base t2 ASC 9190 Manning t2 EMB 2253 (x2) South Perth tz OAB Yallingup t2 EMS 1642,1645 Gnangara 12 EMS 538 Yanchep t2 EMS 510,55l,523, 525 Lancelin t2 EMS I332 Moore River.... l2 TEHA 3068 Hill R;ver t2 TEHA 3069 Dongara 12 EMB 22t4 (x2). 2215 (x2) Dongara 12 24 TEHA s.n. N. of Northampton 6 ASG 9182 Nw Coastal Higbway EMB 2233(x4) N. of Northampton... 6 EMB 2236(x4) -T I I 'seneds uerlerlsny aqr II€ Jo .rnn", ,.ftl,, rncco slelsfrc ,rnrn"o *nr",", _ | slols1.t-) | .anbtuqJal plJBJrlJBl Jql ButsnpeJBJIJ "ra^ uo,rnu,rn"" -,J, I "irlr ur uerJ8lsEJ ur pue.loqoJlp ruac.rod69 ur uruerjesir, p"u,eri JJe$::1:r1..^.!19 suouJes .eulotoJJnu palEdeJdeqJ fJEloJ E qlrl\ iuoilres B"urtlntororx ul peppoqureosle ere^\ seldures .aurolo:crur ]8,1 lere,re5 qiuaq pele:aao-prierj I E qlr,r pouoJlJespue yvl paxq ur s",,' ryo,r lecnuolzue.rb; leirileru aqj I ,IWOlDUY tz u"q,'liir9,,z,l"ra ^ltueJUro:rs!:.T-:.:ll-19^:tly :tY'ld J-lJlJ'":t:?"";l'",1,\i![]; sr stuEldZl_ u1o uag;odeq1 szpunqrrcgf.1q pue'inu t,t,{ . u1 'ruer 1o,t11 ql:1-o,1seryadsretr,o serraq.^\ red96 ol dn ,{1,1,1.,"gpro"". ,fltileT-rllq'VZro '9:u ,". raqleq^\ a,rrpadsarrr'snpunq!.rcg[ .H Jo 'lequnuZI Jo puesnitlp5 snqlioqtll. -- suosoulolrlJ rllr^{ uorlsla.uoJ ou s,roqs ,qr1rlreJ ue]1od jq1 rnor"^d"lf3:l'# ?,t]"""r"".'X3,:f:i"ffi'J; Il-"yj:T_):..,.":g,.,-rod€a,ldore^epeJv snlDtdoou-otuH pue snutDdsDarza .dsqns sntutadsoauia .g -saplotLoda 'H 'snrcUut) 'E ,snpunq1rog[ .11 \natQi snquoql7 3o ,pii1"1 "q1 ua od tt!""dr uErJEJlsn_V ._--- eql Jo JruosJoJ peurelqo9. \ JJqunu asEqeql qll\\ srertsBsrLlf (9S61erl,tAA pue uor3ur1.re6i sn)ogiiatrid snqtubgtll serJedsuBJrJeuv qlnos _ .s:rJaiti Jql roJ peurerqoueJq seq ,z uZJo iunor y .1?,:Il3l yyltyrrrn.veql qtr,'rpsrvdruor 1r prolde.rraie sr rr reqrsarelpur snuttaosoauud:1'1 snqlupqlH uotlJalloJ Jo JpJtdorlJqt toJ Zt _.uZ Jo tunor aqJ 'srr.rrrdp, dsqns stuEld : u Jo 9 BuolueBur^\or8 tueld paro.rog_olrq^\o8le_I *

loue8uel^I .o '' U96l) Jnpulo T' S.loua8uel^I EJuJV lerrdorl sttutradsoauua .H

(996r).t{,^^. pue uot8urlr€( uroqlrrH ecrra.uv grnos Zl sn.to4j Dd H i rsor?lrrfrs'uorlcas ,rr?P?r./o/ snueSqns

u7u oJuers]el{ JaqJeesad Jo ectnos ,{JlunoJ serrods raqronN

lDglu n N u D]I Dr ts n r/ _Dtt xg

9t 08 ,/t\9d acueredsfJo a 89IZSNa stunc uourles (€x). zl' 'N t9tz sht:r ZI :oseradsgJo snqollq.H 99tZAt iE zl '''- surnSuoules .s '(€x) ' Jo.l!\ - otlz 6€IZ Ahltr urparlel^lJo saplot.Dda .H '' rISZ Shta uoFutruso sllqnlo^ .H IJJ dnolo uortJ0lloJ f,rrlEJo-I sobeds Borodin in Solereder(1908) distinguished -F*qtpE:eight different cases-(type.and potiti-i oi.tytruls io the Violaceae ol Viola lype and lonidium iup. truia been'foundin the specieseramined. The norlhern speciesHybanrhus i,ilii"irt uia H. enneospeinrushave the Ionidium crystal type, consisting of clinorrhombic- --eif crystals scatlered along the veinsof the leares' tt',.ort.i,qustralian species hare rhe Viola-type ofcrystals in wlrichthe scattered cells contained clustered crystals of druses The-se crystals are scatteredin the mesophyllof leavesand in the parenchymaof stem,root and rhizome. Hairs Unicellular hairs occur on some plants of most species, mainly as epi- dermal cells of the leaf and young stem. Multicellular hairs occur on the stem oi' ii .'noiit""a^ subsp. adpressris. The unicellular hairs vary among species mainlv in the relation of hair length to cell size. Leaf Anatomy The leaves of all species are dorsiventral and have a thin cuticle The epidermis is oneJayered^exceplin H enneospern?,rswhere there are layers over ifie midvein. The epidermai cells of this speciescontain mucilage' In all speciesstomata, mainly of the cruciferoustype, occur on both the upper ano lower epidermis. ln H. enneaspermtsand 11. aurqntiacus the rectangular crystals are dis- tributed along the veins. In all the other speciesthe crystals are drusesscattered throughout the mesoPhYll. Stem In all the speciesexamined the stem structure is that of a typical dicotyle- don. With age the epidermis of the stems develops a bark layer of several rows of periderm cells. In all the Western Australian speciesexcept H volubilis the parenchyma cellsofthe cortexhave scattered included crystals. Phloemfibres are developed in all soecies.These are not conspicuousin young stemsbut in the older sremslhev derelop as a band severallayers lhick. H. volubilisin crosssectton upp.urs ti, havea triangularstem with a bundle of fibreswell developedbelow tid aneles which contin-ueas a l-or 2-celled layer around the remainder of the slete. In all speciesthe central pith layer consistsof parenchymacells; some of these have included crystals which do not, howeYer, occur it H' volubilis' ihe vessels are spirally thickened and have opposite bordered pits' In fI' eoacroides and ti. bilobus the pits are simple. The perforation plates are iimple and tbe interyascular pitiing is opposite. The fibres are septate with iimile pits in H. epacroidesaid H. bilobus, and with bordered pits in the other speCies. Nectories Onlv the sessilenectaries in the H!-banthus speciesfrom the South-West l-and Divisions were examined. Scatteredstomata occur on the nectary surface, particularly towards the base. The outer cells of the nectary are smallet than ihe remaining secretory cells. Covering the cells is- a -cuticle- The remainder of the gland consists of numerous secretory cells closely packed togelher in a densemass.

Citation of SPecimens In the citation, the districts in Western Australia are those given by Diels { 1904). For most speciesonly a few ofthe herbariumspecimens seen have been "it"d. Th. abbreviationsused for herbariafollow the Index Herbariorium pt' 224 szz 'sJoqlu? lorJelue o,rl Jo as"q lE serJelceu: se8€pueddE_rTncol el"lnqns elq,r lo eEu€to8ut:eeq sarur;:ulos.:rua:s:qnd:yq,l, poqs 'srl€rl ssuopo1 - atrq,{3uoI rlt!^.\e]Ell!rlu.d Jo snorqr:1b1s111s P::",11:?1111) 'rElnJolrq'lJJrr. p\o,rorreu'(sJnssrt liurpnl,auoi yl.:r.i::l!:p.'"r.Iur Burrcouuorleiarel pue lDJloEAq pJlrun turJEJdds oe{ sJoqlue:tJorls 'pe^reu ,enbrlqo-eleJLEJlnq) -.a1e1oa:ue1s}uotu€lg :S suauDts ,{llueurluord lo 51r,to ,.rapeo.ri"s1i1od ,leeurl raufr Z :pa^lau f-t ,{llueuruold sletJd rJlno Z :srxd rrilrurrsirp;o s1elad lr-'.lJlEl[rutruEI pauror {lluourruo.rd.Jll] otur pup Jnds Jqt q)oqolut puJt\JqJrrl,^\ :JbprJlJllcred. o\\l ql\1 ^\ElJ:rrrd. pue u:o*raq p5êl5 fpuou,iubia p-uep,orrnds .a8ueroêurrucl ."jdr,.,ii ,{pcurlsrpplad rorreluy bl ô11a,{io o1 1"1o,n Dlluo) slElod pes\rrddr.ro .elBrtrJ _:!:J:9:r! I Jo ot pe'.rnJir\!dE ro rJltue surJrpLu'Lref,rdot inlq ,JlB\oor re:ur1.lunbeqnr.JJIJ .E.ledes .jr-qdrouroBtz ,ueer8 sre^\olC eltq,r Jo,{o:3ro 'sur8reuiguolE elcrjrc.ro 'ourte,{r{-ro ,slrerq lu:c-seqnil',{[esuepol snorq"F snooceuoc :qlBuai ur ,{lolBrurxb;aai ,esoLuocBr lenbo leciped ql," frrtrJos.sratog ro ro esourfc',[tr-yxe acu)xitog. -ul :pyllBr!put.F ,ue-5i8 snonprJJp ,{11ensnlueururord q1r,,rrpaddq 1e .ro ,4er8 r"o Jllq^ 'pJpl^!p 'JtEJoJJul?l .luesqr Jo JJrlqe ol J€ourlpu? leg lo e1Jre1 ro luaserd qro.//S Jsnlqo lo _ JlnJl_-drl :eleluop Jo el€uelc.ro atrlue sur8rerulelnlo,ror ^lsnonJrdsuoco1 treg'e8erl1!,r Sunpedd"srp u.tnlueulol siutqerubs ,streq e1'druts J:..::_::c::qnd esuepol p3r.a ecs qlr,r ro snorqelS ,e1e1oecue.1o] r"eurL ,etploLleo rJttsoddo .pJJJt\nlJ \ll.loqsJo Fl1euor.e.r.ro .ro f,lEUlJllBsaau,,7 .tBe -Jlrs\JS .tLrrJsJq tlI \\ lJEq {qtrd ro urql St[dolor:p nd (lasiropot,,nolqu1B ..a1nd .aôqp rt.,pue ses"qJBel uro4 peqqrJJo q;ootus ro est_.qle BurLlJuptqliar.rls .sqnrqs -ropun sloor d€l uo pue Jo sqreqluruuued Jo aruozrqrpirno.riiapt,iuo ' pJOop -êp ,{q1rd e1rq16 .sJadealc-ruras ,sq,ratl IJeq ;o sqn.rqs.r':puir lD!uaatatr uttl 1| a q n ) Bu rpn p u r, ere u eB reqro : u, irl4ii'oq{#"r,;''sntpuoqtg T$ffijj # ;;,ff f ;:X pePr"83r (996I) slu,{uou,{s ?!Y!!14 lBqS,snuo8 ^,{rtV Jo se. pep.riaer eq €]euebJer{lo eql }[q r-.Jq o] wntlaqnJ 'saltuDqtHIlp IJU[srp pejsprsuoo(1961) uosurqclnH ropun xrruJA rrr\elJ ':tll"l9]I tsrg erp popnpur'iE761) ronic l,- tuerJr ur luetuarr8psrp sr rrerll se ,tpcinjrlLiO .e'i"-u'# raqro eql:i-"--t ALuAuouIs Jo erll lnoqe suorsulcuoc,r"_tp ol eor loJ alqrssodrurst 1l .suortdr.rJsap Ieqt Jrl Jo sor.radsrdfl Jqt Jo ^p[]s arll uo;J peûre rrorurdo ,snLltulqIH tE ue Jo siu,{uou,{seq o1 reprsuocI erjue8 xrs eseql 'DlpLtDlDl) pua ot8LltutDl/1 'D)ElJ 'u.tnryu,)I .ne1o,g ,orro1trat1o3 tl..ll:!ll:"1 ro pequcs3p ueeq r\eq saneds uerlc.rlsny ..r:\J*og ;sercids sn4tLtoql u"rletlsnv o1pJrldde H ur3q J \pLjsaurcu .rrLou:3 e rcqe Jql lle toN .(016r) :ed.rr 6tztzz.ras.los,.rs!H .r€N ,"^'ri"i]t il"f1ii:]^!15itrl,';'i1HJnlilflrr. -ah '(z€6r)grres 19! 'r':ll;1",,," ).ed^r .Itqdierlsnv s \ou rordpue o.,nor 4:i)r& tr DtDl.Dst :od(I gZ8ll rofu:r{ il.r:ri..1,ta oaou"y 'tA t 1e :ta ; o(l DDtelD.usnD7:ad,{I (St8lr86t:I sslrra ;4.uLrrLuqil rt aij oanuioll Lunrpruol (l?g.tJ .l plroa.(uoN..pnrts xe.sred - €tt: t ..,po.,) rrr{z u Srr.D,lut,at!tttd:rd(l rhZ8tr1g5:l .:.-16-urau,,i r,,,lj .'JC rrrl\roJ . lp! I t\.totL'.,u,,J) t!d,{I ,rZSI)rt Bolepj.pa ut,ttp,1n.;,," " r. \neoE (8er1) atolDltld^ I tu:; un11o.fii1ost1oaj : aA",l.r." cujiOi ,r1os___.-,r!l!?!. ruûou,{s .rg9g1y1i:1 .pr#. i Jo lErn}el.uauou..3ollr.tuouy Lrbsretulnl4 r,i:* _j,iZ_f ( 3etro)Dtll,JtlrJr 'S.:rd(l .rrperqJS 'I lloRlr Z6l:Z lo8 erDlnJ.urnof ut Srr.,af7r7,,5 xe pot?A( DttuDnjDra.tt : ad (1._ .l ..Ld :JsEl :.pie1 1) .fe|Luou,(89/l)J 11 1| I o1oqtuo4; Ueo-lD! \rDtD).):ad\I gg1 dsrg:eq ,.gao1 'b.el, .i6911 ;qr:ej:iuetJ:u,nui ouoloatloT t.uaurtry 1t :rdÎ suol uLou I 11:7 itcet r:rrryj"zqfi SNHINVSAH ',{ue1og Jo flrsre^run aq} ]oJ -.... ,- -:^tf l]t].Y. YlelselA ,serpnlg3o lueurgedaq V^ n P.Y.":.:i1":?_-Auelog l"uoq"N u?rlBJlsnV llureuag;o 1ooqc5eqt ,1tlsJ3-\runoql ,(1961) :pe Jo ]uotutr"dec roJ VgIlVg Jo uorlrpp"eq1 q1r,t f I Ovary superior.oroid-globose. tricarpellate. unilocular. placentation parietal' ovul6sl-i5;style simpG.sigmoid; stigma expanded above. orientated towards front of flowei. Frar'ra thlck-walledcoriaceous capsule, splitting in three at d"hir".n"", subtendedby persistentperianth' Seels 1-12.globose to oblong, iurface reiiculate, foveaie, ribbed or smooth. Embryo spathulateor linear, endospermcopious, dark brown or yellow.

TABLE 2 Conparativefeatores of lhe SeclionsSufruticosi and Variabiles.

StOt ticosi Variabiles

Distribution . Noflhern Australia .... SouthernAustralia Flower colour blue, yellow, orange .... mauve to white Seedcolour .... yellowishwhite .... dark brown Testa surface . ribbed, foveate or smooth smooth, foveolate or reti- cutare

Nectaries H. en easpermus, elongated, sessile,glabrous glabrous or penicillate; H. aura tiacus sessile,hirsute

Embryo .... spathulate . ltnear : Chrofiosome number .... n 4, 6, 12,24 Crystal shapedistribLrtion ... rectangular,along velns .... druses, scattered in leaf, mesophyll, root and stem parenchyma

.... closereticulate open reticulate

I nfr agen e r ic dit i si on s Schutze (1936) divided the American species of Hybqnthus into the two subgeneraEuhybaithus and lonidilnl, the former having the filaments and to a lessErextent the anthers connate into a tube whilst in the latter they are free' All the Australian species have free anthers and so are included in the sub- gerluslonidiun. This subgenus-Australianhe divided into four sections, three of which are not apph- cable to the species but the section Suffruticosi includes the two northern Australian species H. enneaspermusard H aurantiocus, Schulze recognised that a new iection was required to provide for the remaining eight eusiafian species.This sectionI proposeto call Variabilesdue to the variation in the infloriscenceforms found within the group. A comparisonof the sections Suffruticosi and Variabiles is given in Table 2. The Variabiles are characterisedby the following features- (i) shrubsor Perennialherbs. (ii) leavesaltelnate, although one specieshas opposite leavesin the upperpart of the plant. (iii) biie oi anteriorpital distinctlygibbous. iivi nectaries at the base ofthe anterior stamens flat and sessile. (v) ovules 6 or less in the ovary. The section can be further divided into three groups on the form of the inflorescence. 226 'erlq,rd-qsr,^ 'squ 'o"oo,, 'Buo1 olle,t ueendleq i dll€urpnlrauol uru g-3 'leprosdqle-pro,ro'ZI-S o.t,i 'luasqe speas:3uol ruur 6-V apsdD) satepuedde qncol 'clldrlle-Sualqo s.reqtu" :srrcq esuep e qllt\ peddrl seu€lcau snoJq"lS Jo Unt 'Uoqs pel?8uola Surreeq puz sraqlu" ot qfuel ur yenba + toualu" Jouelsod 'snoqdJorurp 'at"clBJ-el"toeauelZ € sluatuBlg : srrarls 3uo1 u[u g.g-g.t 'Suolqo-r"eurl Jeurn Z :3uol ruul t-e Jalno :slled Jelrulssrp sppd ',rolle,{ Z Jo 'uee.r3'(1eeqlDtatDT el"d Jo lalora "urru?[ :3uol rutu SI-g ptad rcua|uV Suoye ,411ercedse)a3uaJseqnd pajalt€cs = qtr.,'r ro snorqvlS 'ol?uu€c ,{nuaur -ruoJd 'otnc" '8uol .aleloaJuel .,{ru1r1os ,elrq,r + tllru t-€ sloda5 sra,l{olJ -,{ar8 'snoJq?l8 '3uo[ 'el"lnqns Iuru /-t 01 J"eurl salndrls :acuaJseqndpeJell?cs qlr,{\ ro snoJqEIS'allrueJJ ot arrluo sur8reru 'ot"[oeJuE[ o1 rzeuq'ruur (gxg6) 'eteuJell" .sJrcq Zxo? (IXS) €u(u"J :elrssasqns sa1.Da1 palall?Js = rllra\ lo snorq€l8 stlats IIsl ruc 09 o1 gn.ap lcrdruoc .ro g,/a4 ,(lpurds leruueJad 'JgrcadsuoJSuraq se uoql pr€8ej ol pue lu€uueJ ^\olloJ 01 peprcap r^"q 'seneds eqt urqll^\ elqeecllou fllrq?ue^ '''l I '1 eql Jo asn?ceq puP- outadspauua DpU pul. osotlln$ns o1otr1p sad(l aqtJo sqd€rSotoqdeqlgo.{pn1s e ruorJ Z96t lu?uueJ ees,{ur.4uoudsro4 't!g 'uotf,e) .td .dS .l : otoq) uuotu.ttH ruo{ act.{t 1€9ft) /€6 : Z "*..0!i"tfi""},"a'i '(91.81) 'llenl^J 'j l8:0I ul8ejl (-l) snr.uradsBauuosnqluEqdH .I

'uorpes aql JoJJd^loDJl E JsooLIJol tueleduocur1aa;1 $rJeds sseqtJo Aue u33stou e^?q J sBpuE sertadsu€Juaurv q1no5,{1uo ptqur -s3p 'qf 'log 'szlnqrs'x ezlnqcs (9961)egt :tg D rsorgnruns uorlces ']lnrlrs te uaog ( 3e1r6) otolllrtJ.tan'I = (8alll trtou) lual' Lut1ryolaDp8,(lod'1 :adl1 .(E6gI) .t uosr"rul"W .pruf "tue/\ :ezlnr{Js.) .D/Z wnlptuoJ (9f61) [St :/9 qf ]og urnlp|uol snuaEqns snpunqFog 't Suol ruru ueql ssal roueluv 'HH 'g 6 Islad aFral selndlls I f snsolnru,{c Suol orolu ro LuLu louoluv tEg selndrls 6 Ielrd l t .g prqruPrqro lersprlJrprru55{erouul snurlssllrqap'H.g buol ur. \rL!trEd {r)1 lo tur\qe \elndrtS ., f-Z 'lueurLuord'leln;ueu]llplus 0l snulr,{lBJ H Suolura 0Z lnoqp soueJex salndits .0I 'Suolqo .6 'H slEtedIs.retel rauul snlEtadouoru S el€rl€J-etelooJuelslerad reuul 'asourarEleJusJsorouullEretEI 6 8 lJe^\ogA\olaqtuesejdsFelqalurtsJoslredlereês,ilptrJosJlJo)ilelrloslousloA\olJ,l snqollq 'H ' sule^puE surireLuFuolp elnsrrq {lasuap slEdes :peqolrq ot 'H atBôqosaêe-I / sJplo.bede 0I tu$soqnd ,(lasJEdsJo snolqel; slpdas:Jeaull saÊel 'etnsrltl / ,{lesueptusld 9 snpunqrrog H t s-lleqparoDers ^\aJ rltr,r ro snorq€I3tuEld .9 .t ^ Suol ruur !-t lelad louoluv '6 nurur^\t .s lluourr^ H '8 leêu lelqnrqs B tuEld slllqnto|H 5urur.^l1tu"ld 're8uol S.t ro ;uo[ Luru9 l€tod rouoluv snJ*.rru*rne'H 'z arn$rq,ilesuap irensr. ..,*... .,.ur";1'o:.13i;Tj11J;,'";-J,if3t snuuaosBeuua'H .I r' ,palEiuole -[ sreq Buol Jo Uu qlr.^.\peddrt ro snorqelS slaqlue rouetse Jo es€qlp puelo ,,.",0.,";;":l"Jif!'"?:#:':i',Ji,i3'Jli""f ;Lc, sercadssnqlueq,{11 uEllallsnv oql ot da)l

'stlqol1q'H 'stltq '!tuou.ta,t.H .111dnorg pue sapto.DDdd'H lo,t'H :,fu"l|lossre,rolg 'stltrtJIlD)'H 'H 'stllDtadouoLu pLrestlwiss!Iqap .H :eulaoBl " acuetselouul .II dnolC 'snsolntulc'H pua stlpunElo{.H :lerszrltripecu$seJogul .1 dnorg KeY to subsPecies

Stioul€slonp (up lo 4 mm). Marginsof leaf closel)revolute. usuall) glabrous but if oubescentthen hairs spreading. Flower blue sutrsp enneaspefinus Stioi tii itr.ii r = I mm). Marlins recurved,leavesup to 5 mm wide' hairs alwaysantlorse Fff;;;;;;Iili' subsp stellarioides subsp. enneaspermus " austr'Viola Pipei banksianaGing. in DC., Prodr.I :30711824t. -- Tvpe: in Nova-Cambria (DC.vs. in h. Banks) {holo:BM. photoseenr- an-sustitoliaBankl herb. (1840) Tiiiiiiii torftionr^ (Cins.in DC-)Steud.' Nomen. Bor. Ed 2 l:8ll Hrbanthusenneastermus vat. communrsf. ongusldoliaDomin, Biblioth Bot 89:982(1928) T,ae:Lower Victoria Rier, F. Muellcr,May 1856(lecto: K. photoseen)' Avbanrhusenncaspermus var' banksianus (Cing) Domin. l c' Flowers blue. Leaves enlire or crenate, margins closely revolute occas- green upper suface' ionally'""Oei"*ttt. flat: t pubescentr.r ith spreadingiairs, dark on paGt Stipules up tb 4 mm long, scarious, opaque, midvein + promlnenr.

Distribution: This subspeciesis found in the north of Western Australia, the (Fig]re North"tn Territory, Queensland and Northern New South Wales 2)' i" uOOitio" it it founa io Malaysia, South and East Africa, India and Ceylon 272 collections were seenfrom Australia and South Africa. WestenAustralia: Gibb River, C. A. Gardner9991 (PERTH); KimberleyDistrict, 1888, i--eii"] fMiilj; rhg tiver, octobe. t906, w. v. Fitzserald(Nsw); Karunjiestation, 6 Feb. 1959,./. B. Ritsoz(CANB).

Figure 2-Distdbution of Hybanthus en easpermus (L-) F. Muell. slJbsp. enneaspermus. 228 6ZZ 'AOU'l?ls (uttrro

:Krv)puoptJ 'Lr6ru.,,nlnv !a\e) ',^.*, :|"*";gE.H] 'lN s r 'y 'tggl 're( "n,t9,43'#y.r#r'""t:fj,eq.le/!\ .re^rU P€oIIleH :(1ElN) prolaor) t, €uooIAI : sap4l qnos aN .E .I ,2961 .rEI .r,(V 'LI6l ISNVJ)'pu€lsl tptusatary I €I ,, $lrod .qtr.. :fl SN) P/ayrrg f A [ln[ 'deg otuuletg '.(7Zl^D u o.tg .f, -srE€sl {snq .7 .S .uollol .lj^l991 eql Jo speoH pue punospeorg :(IUS) 610I tstra^Z :puo[aao O 'u3as .(t ere/KsuoBcalloc z€I arnSrg) sel?iA qlnos,reN pu" pu?lsueenOJo lseoc ls"e eql ot esolc puno3 sr sercadsqnssrql :uo4nqu\4q 'luacseqnd sul8:eu .enb?do ,snouEos , oqs ,luels _ 'qt"aueq lsureAB passeJdpe^'Ioqsselndrls Ja[€d.aceIns Jeddn uo uear8 'sur3J"ur '3luueJo ryep.es:oi1ue sJr?q uo luecseqnd + Jo errlue salDaT .ttoylai sta,rulg (,^ u :oloq) srllotu.J eêu BrJequrod slE oN r/{or€r.dr -spuElsl ,ulwo(f!. .jD^6t6t .H puelroqurnqUoN!, _rrdil r'l suarsaqndt slunuwo) snuadsDauua oloqd ') .oN ',{eg.'(uoes :oloq) ...e^€U"llequrod sl€ 6t6t t0 Z08IesuollErtsnv Jarl uûg y fsdde) ., :.ddq J.t ,ututoTl sno{ .l siuiwtuoc .tit-imitnasoiuua .11 :olo-Lll016I^Jenuet'b6L9 ultuo(I .). .ur.s .eqEJJ€A.ddo .pnde -_ _(ud .log .qloJlqr8 ur os9"r. 1le s111oi snqronruI :ao^J \gZ6Dtg6:69 .urulo( saplopblpts.rD^ smnradsoauua .H ' .l"ts .] 'E .dsgns ou lleuuafl J (u uoq) saproualle$ .(1A .elepru.rv ) rau!Î dotlslg reeu puel8uTt eN:sapl4 tltnos $aN 'r^) 'qJ'rg -g8g; urpto) u E^rv :{c v) ryrlltale r.{rd uosloqr\ ^,;"r"'. ,1st$$jj36!f \.auorf pftutuoolg '1061 'ollr^su^1ol'.tl)JB)Jo '668J h :(/tSN) r4rrrg 3 rsnanv uouog J.a rrqru0J.O-)unf pup drrnatrolJuae \Fq ' 'u ler$oorxpJ'W ,bg6t .r€I .d!qsu,$of :(.IEN) ztalsrad../U.V LLgl lot1ooa) :(IN) sap.r)Dzti-J I S uolrieuiroli jo g deltu 7-:itutilsuialr6 'Aelle^ .t8gt t99 !!!"N { O ul'lqno,htf,S sqru tI :(.IEj I) q^slao! o,^rrq rro" ,il*}j ,{:lt)!! '8s6t rdv 's8urrds,pre\ors :(HJugd) .9 tt4 s .j .V si8s alopi5dttrj Erolg aiiriol doJ lIS solrwL.n9 :(AV) 6IS tQads ,puelsluolrol.rg ,Aii qlnog-:,riolutaautarlltop 2. Hybanthusaurantiacls (F. Muell. ex Benth.) F. Muell., Pl. North West. Austr.:5 (1881) Ionidiumaurantiacum F. Muell. ex Benth.,Fl. Austr. l:102 (1863). Type:N.W. Coastof ,\Dsrralia,Blnoe (syn:K, photoseen); victoria River (syn:K, photo seen;MEL); Cygnet Bay,N. w. Coast,4. Cunningham(syni BM, photos€en). Hybanthusenneaspermus var- aurcnliacus (F. Muell, ex Benth.)F. Muell.,Pl. Indig. Shark Bay6 (1883). Hlbanthusminiatus F. Muell.et Tate,Trans. P.oc. Roy. Soc.S.A. 13:97(l890) (nom. nud.). fyrer CillsCre€k. S.A., tn.v.). SeeTrans. Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. 19:83 (1894). EybanthuselegansDomin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:984(1928). T/perbetween Ashburton and Yule Rivers.W.A.. -F.Clemenl (holot K, photoseen.).

Compact slruh to 60 crn tall. Stens scabrous or I glabrous. Zeares alternateor clusteredat the nodes,subsessile (4x1) 35x4 (65x5) mm, linear to lanceolate, coriaceous, margin serrate-dentateoccasionally entire, densely hir- suteor occasionallyglabrous; stipules linear to subulate,1-30 mm long, pubescent or occasionally glabrous, green and leaflike or yellow-white and pithy. F/oner,r solitary. Sepals lanceolate, 3-6 mm long, acute + prominently carinateor 3-nerved,ciliate, otherwise glabrous, green. AnteriorpetqlT-15 mm long; lamina yellow to orar'ge. Lateral petals of dissimilar pairs: 2 outer, linear-oblong, 3-5 mm long; 2 inner, lanceolate-falcate,3 5-6'5 mm long. Star?er?J.filaments dimorphous: 3 posterior short, 2 anterior -[ equal in length to anthers and bearing sessileglabrous to densely pubescent nectaries; anthers oblong-elliptic, loculi appendages absent. Cctpsule5-9 mm long; seeds 5-10, ovoid-ellipsoidal, 2-3 mm long, smooth, pitted, or longitudinally ribbed, yellowishwhite.

t' rl r '1.'t.jl...J.. l

_# Figure 4-Distribution of Hybanthusouranrri?crs (F. Muell. ex Benth) F. Muell. 230

I I I tEz '(-M :oloq) 14ag'H '.plel^-lsercJ .urd lllop ul pun onuEre8u€r esso.r€g laprap ul '( 'rqeg Iolle^ {.opu^-I ueflelsnv pls :adq LbSl\ 629:02 Eeeuur-I aDtsDlu,snDu.mptuol 'ipnr;i) iutpunqin{ untpn o1 '('I3I :osr) oN r(lnf'9€8Inf '9€8I ',{eulnof s.lloq4rl/,{s.lloq4q/{ 'z 'pedxEI €ZZ ' 9 :ad,(J 16€8I)s9I:z pe'^ u (8€8I)t9J:zp9ll7 eerql q.41 ul lpvr-l opunqLtol[Da3ld '(Sfgt) 'tu3"rJ 'llenhl '? tg :0I l. ('pur1) snpunql.rogsnqlueq^H

'(Hl-Ufd) 'glZZ 01 atZZ rtauuagr{ ?'sol.l8ors'uolrlSurs U{ 4e^'\ -q8rHurtqUoN teerC tuorj se|ur1 :(111a141iilz rnoaawtt)St,l 3 ll,^lJo sedols 'pEoUpuu souxedsalry :(HJUad) uiaifuo5l :1gj114) 6oz1t)aryD1 t' J 'sEIq.BI.lIN:DID-tlsnV0ZZ €Ia€ a3na9'g y'Ae1,.\B!IJurequoN tearD pue peelsauoq uae,\ leq u.talsall 'uaas aro^\ suollcelloc 8 (8 ernBIC) pulg seu,{edJo ellsun.lotoql ]eau eIT"JtsnV ulelsel6 Jo lolllslq ullsnv :uolJnq!.tlslq 'elelneqsnd 'ur'ro:q-1.rrp '8uo[ 't?plosdllle-plo^o 'E-I ,{11ueu[uord urru € "J spees '3uci1 's1e1ed rirur g afisdo) luaserd se8rpuadd? ITncolou 1e:01e1ueql Joiloqs suatunlg:piuau-t'lepclqJorauurZ'pelJau-['SuolqoJe]noZ:lelollaled'8uol 'eBpe ruru 'srizd .leltrurssrp slDlad '1a1oneled uo olslllc f,lesr€ds 7-f 3o PoJD'J 'luauluord 'ul8l"ur '3uoj urur toiaquy 'uaafi ot anlq allau pllu ipe,nnca:St-g ftlait '8uol '8uol uo jlzqrc ,{llqAIIs du ulu 9-t eleloecuel s/rdas_ ruc g-g 'urseqcrp ,{rellxu ur pere,tog-,{utur o7-e u sanb[al eJllse ,( suols?J3o ;aleruicel '3uol o1 elru€dul ruul 9.0-I.0 selndrls:ruur €-t x 0E-02'Jeeull o1 'allsses'J13ul31le 'llel eleloacu€l-,\\o!€u sa^pa1 ruc 0, ol g'la{ IeruuaJ3d '(Hfllfd :oloq) It6I ^InI 6'lauPIDt 'y 'V ultsnv d,tJ ) pue DtrDlg Z /r.l lA'uotel8uts tl,\ Jo oseq urequoN eql le'lculslp '(9€6L 'cog ',{o1 'urnof'uprBo 'J '€ gzl .Z?'Vrtsrlv'L1 V snsoFuldJsnq}uBq,tH 'lErseqJrpeJuaJ:JtoUuJ :1 dnorg

'zur,(qcuereduals pus looJ ul 'Jl"aôJ pue 'g,tqdosaur uI poJellms sesnJpelBIExo uInIJIeJ e]?lnclleJ Jo 3eal 'lttaurl 'qloours ecBJ.rns'u,rorq-)lep spees o,fuqrue:,fu?Ao:ed ssel:o 9 se1n,r6 'snoJq"l3 'elrssossleqlu" Jol.ralueuo seIJ?lc3N ellq,{\ ol 3An"LusJe,{\oll 'ilen^ ( 3u'Dy5 I ,qll3:11f,3i,'#'J3"r{;.L{* 'sollssas srlnô urnrreÔ e€rqEl8 slJttuestlrqtu€ uI 0elnpuelD lqle lo^ IuIrelI sarolC 'Aou'lces '3 lleuueg I tr salrq€lrB^ uollces

'(OV) qzt uoepot'S 'loorJ redooJ rr4uttnY qtnos 'klv) '8261'u€I 'aura8uool^lN? applv q A 9I :(SNVJ) Ii6€ lsir2,1g 7 S '"llr^\€rrnJ :/lJyO rru;i '91.81'ro^rx srepullJ '.ftml.uolJ :(IXS) ',A g'016I ':erig r, 'uealqle) 'elloroJ lrig '1

l Ionidiunxmultiflorurn Turcz., Bull. Soc.NaI. Mosc. 27, Sect.2:140 (1854). Dper Nova }{olland\a. Dtummor?d5th Coil.No. 72 (holo:n.v.) Ionidiumbrcri[abre Benth., FI. Austr. l:102 (1863). Trpe: west. Austr. Dtummond665 (syn:MEL); Swan River, Drunnnond,lst Coll. (syn: n.v.). Clelandiacon,rallis J. M. Black,Trans. and Proc.Roy. Soc.S. Austral.56:41 (.1932). T1'pe: WilpenaPound, S.A., J. B. Cleland(holo: AD). Sl/ub to I .5 m lall. Leqves alternate, sessile,linear, lanceolate or oblong, 5-35 x 0 5-7 mm, acute or obtuse ! recurved; stipules linear 0 5-1 5 mm long, glabrous or witlr a few trichomes towards base. Inflorescenceaxillary, dichasial or racemoseto 40 mm. occasionallyflowers solitary. ^tepals0.75 to 4 mm long, pale blue to white or dark blue to green; 2 inner petaloid, + I mm longer than 3 o]]tet. Alltetior petal 4-ll mm long, pale blue to whrte. Lqterul petals of dissimilarpairs: 2 outer petalsoblong, 1.5-3 mm long, l-nerved,2 inner petals broadly oblong, 2.5-4 mm long, 3 or more nerved. lntftcl surfacesglabrous or with scattered white hairs, loculi appendagessometimes present. Capsule to 8 mm long; seeds1-4, ovoid-ellipsoidal, 2-3 mm long, reticulate,foveate, or smooth. dark bro*n. Key to subspecies l Sepalspetaloid, pale blue. apicesrecurved. Leaves . appressedupwards againststen. 2. Leavesnarrow, conduplicate(Ravensthorpe area) subsp. adpressus 2. Leavesbroad, flat, distinct pustuleson surface subsp. floribundus l. Sepalsdark blue to green,apices appressed to petals. Leavesvariously spreading. 3. Leavesconduplicate, curved (Norsemanarea) subsp. cu.vifolius 3. Leavesflat, not curved subsp. floribundus subsp. floribundus LeavesI flat, apex - uncinate. Distribution: This subspeciesis found in the south of WesternAustralia, South Australia, Victoria and southernNew South Wales(Figure 5). 319 collections were seen. WesternAusnalia: 12 km SWQueen Victoria Spring, D. W. Gooda 2964(PERTH) i Victoria DesertCamp, R. Helns 58 (MEL); CundeeleeMjssion, March 1963,M. C. Geo4r?(NSW); EastYuna,,4. C. Br,"?s97 (PERTH);ca- 20 mileseast of Merredin,R. Carcli 3089(SYD.); Yilgarn,Herb. F. Mueller(AD); WedgicaffupW. of Wagin,N. T. Burbidge2359 (CANB); Bannister,3l Jul. 1950,./.McN"r/-(CANB); W.A.. Sept1910, E , rrby (ADW); Waroona, July 1907,C. F. Bd,'trdrld(NSW). SouthAustt'alia: Port Lincoln,1874, I. L. Browne5 (MEL); EyrePeninsula, 28 Aug. 1958, Gaaba(GAUBA); OId Coach Road 3-4 milesW. of StonyPinch. D. tr. Syrroz3819 (CAN B); WilpenaPound, July 193'7,A. E. V. Richardson(ADW); nearChain of Ponds,Torrens corge 24 AlJe.1946, J. I/rcker7(NSW); Mt. Remarkable,17 Sept.1958, H. M. Cooper(AD); Mt. Lofty Range,"/. 6- I/. S.r,,',e(BRI). Victoria:Between Ouyen and Hopetoun, 6 Jul. 1966,C. W.E. Moore(CANB); Stawell, Apr. 1911,J. Slae''(NSW); l2 milesS. of Ouyen,8Sept. 1961, M. E. Phillips(CBG): Warrackna- beal,10 May 1903,F. M. Reader(MEL); Bendigo,August (BRI). NewSouth Wales: Near Barellan, August 192'7, G. V.Scannel(Sy D, CANB); nearArdlethan, 8 Aug. 1966,4.D. P,'l,or(GAUBA): Nericonnear Grifith, G. R. Sari,tl),257(NSW). Queensland:Queensland, Mathet (BP.l). This localityis doubtful. Included under subsp.foribundus are plants which al their extremesappear to be subspecifically distinct but which are in fact connected by intermediate vanants. There is a large form at Queen Victoria Spring in Western Australia which reachesa much greater height (up to 1 .5 m) than the common shrubby plants of this species. Two characters were found useful in recognising herbarium specimens of this plant, firstly the flower size and secondly the glaucous and pustular appearance of the leaf surface. However plants occurring in South Australia, particularly those growing around Wilpena Pound, have flowers which are within the lower size limits of the Queen Victoria Spring plants. Also some South Australian Dlants have a leaf texture and surface similar to that found in the plants collected in Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria. 232 .dsqns Jy) llruuog l^l a vlolt^.oD puE (o) lauuag .r\l .a sr.rsrrdp, .dsqns 'tat tnpu quDA" ctsqns llenl4l ! \.lput-l) lupanqt.toy[snqluoqtll 1o :j.oiliqr:1sr6 9 arndrg

f-i

:(Hrx3d) ."o,.;,?,tJ,".ool3ti,z,Jii'ii'J.t, i,"_g-!?rl*rr 'url'rtsnvzszs ztlttt,7, {i"{,fl!;".q*^"" tl-IalN) lp'xDt{ , ure}sei^Jo ror:ajurpuels"eoo lse^\_g1nug ,o11o",sry ,ta1suri1 .ueJS .(E JrJ,r suortJJLloJ1;3 orn8r3) edJorllsuo^e1Jeeu ?rl"rlsnV urelsel{ Jo lcutsrp JrIf JLltur punoJsr saoadsqnssnII :uot\nqlJJIjO 'w s .Bs6t.rewer ..v.1y\.(€rr u^\orq r,n.q u, ..a.,oq1.uJ,Tt5"r,:tTlj,u#;,:jiig .elecrldnpuor,,ror.r€u .Luris slrda5 rsurBBc.prn,,,an!31{lrtotJntii]i:"jj?tt

snqrcrdeeaproleted ,/rdrs .elerrJdnpuo3.elsn8ue .esse_rdp' = .un.rn. *",nn. O" ,rrtjl'ntt' ',r.ou dsqns lleuuag .J4tr.3 snssaldpe.dsqns oq u'c snr"rs 3*uouoxer rroql u_ouorsnrcuoJ elrugep ,{ue -"Fq l."p;jl:rTj e9 o1 peeu IIr,r {ro,{\ Iecr8olo}fJ{lqrssod ptre Bur;rollor raqlnJ:sruloJ lueJeJrp Itreles €seqlqsrn8uqsrp ol llncgrp sr 1reuole suerurcadsurlueqloq uroJC t:{t'{:::r{ dsqns lecrd,{t eql luo{ (9-u) reqtunu eruosoruorqJ ,r.r!X;? ureqlnos .sJuo r?au peloa11ocstue;d snoJnel8 eql Jo ruo snoiiiel8 pue'lecrd,ii l Bu!^\oqssuourrtlor lere\es rre ereqttnq erlerliny ]noqdnotq]:ll.:1"11'e: serlrl"rol:1l:lpayrelu snou"A ur JnJJo se^BelsnoonelA le^o qlr,n s1ue14 subsp. curvifolius E. M. Bennett subsp noY. Ioll,rconduplicala, mantfeste currata. apicibut uncinati' 7r"", S;rih-;d;;-;i a;t. Co*utt, Norsemandistricl, wA, 15 Mav 1968 E M Ben'1ett 2152. (holo:PERTH). Ienres conduplicate,distinctly curved, apex unclnate' Distribution: This subspeciesis found in the Coolgardie district. of Western Australia between and east of the townsites of Kalgoorlie and Notseman (Figure 5). 43 collectionswere seen. lrestenlArsttalia: comet vale, Aug. 191?'J L. Jutson(MEL); Coolgardie,Jxly- 1899' R- i"l-t if:Sw,, vt. Thir.ry,Nor.eman. J. Batt4i bo19(PLRTH): Belueen the bankand i-ii.. n"ri"f.ioi,i"ti lt'lti l; lsmilesSf of cootsardieon coolsardie Llperance High\ a)' a:c. s,,Bei:ret',lswl: I ondonderrv.(,ryPhb?Y 1588 |PfRIH)

Group ll: Inffore.cencea raceme

5. Hybanthus monopetalus (Roem. et Schult.) Domin, Biblioth Botanica 89: 984( 1928). - Ionidium onopetalutnRoem- et Schult,S)st. Veg 5:400(1819) .ryp?r Ex anglia,habuit ia-i,i i" n.i6j.io iro." (holo:probabli onceal LZ, if "o no$ desrroved; ?iso:BM)' rorioi,ito rp'oemer Schuli t Dc.;x Cing.in Dc Prodr'l:l-07 ' 1824r' iiii (ldz)) -c"iiiiiiiii"ii'iioi"liSilea monoterala (Roenr. el. Schull ,Spreng.S)'l veg.- l :EU4 iioen,. et sciruti.lniitte; in Banksand Solander, Illustmlions of the ";;t},;:,';::::;,rffi1;I;;,lxi'Mi?flBib,ioth.Blt -nJ)'rti'rt 8ee8s.(,e28).nom,i,,eg i"'iii"titrs var abbreviatusDomrn, I c. IJp€ Sandsteinhtlgelder Blue Mts {1.'.1i,*;:,ii;l*,l,ii"?l',hlJ'i:YT'&I'K'6i':""1',J'fi;:L'"fl,ifi;"f,";illl'fi: (holo:G-DC, bila ftit ^is OC.ex Ging.inDC. Prodr.l:307(1824). 4rpe: Port Jackson 'ifla'i)i,'|ri,n,." ,oc. e\ cine.)r' vuell.Pl lndiscol vicr't:6b(1862r' Hvha firt hlitonit \DC. ex Cing., F Muell. Fragm l0:El (lE/6) Pl l:41 {18'rll Calceotariafhlorni< r DC. ex Cing.)O Kr/e.. Re!.Cen ' . ;;;ii;; i;,;;;ii.iri"; presl. Bot. Bimerk. 12 (t845) Ttpe: Habitat in Nova Hollandia ad ?T,ji;I:"*,:i'i*'ii';'?";-#3"i'it*l;lop. sA. re oseo).rype: w'pena, sA., (holo: MEL). Viileolariatitei G. Muell.ex Tate) O. KIze.,Rev. Gen Pl. l:41 (1890) Perennial ler6s to 60 cm tall. Zeavesalternate (upper leaves Jr opposlte), linear to oblong, 5-90x0 5-4 mm; stipules.linearlanceolate to- triangllar- long' deltoid, 0 25-1 5 mm long. Infloresceiceaxillary -racemose,to.20 cm Anteri;r petal5-21 mm lonlg,blue. Lateralpetals of dissimilarpairs, mauve, 2 outer laiceolate acute, 2 inner broadly lanceolate-falcate,oblique, rounded edge raised with several enlarged cells. Anthers: loculi appendages(if pr€sent) nairow trianeular, <0 5 mmfwhite or orange. Capsule6 mm long; seeds3-6, reticulate toleticulate-foveolate, black. Distributiotl: This speciesis found in South Australia,S.E. Victoria, New South Wales and eastern Queensland (Figure 6) 265 collections were seen' oueensland.wallansarra. ll. T. Jone:2617 (CANB); Mt. Barneyslopes' Macpherson Range-s, iiii.". isiz. E. F.?;,lr"at" rt'lswl; s.ilii lsland.andPine River' Edver (MEL); Callabah, til"* g:{i";:i:,8"y}nce Iyihov (MEL);near rinda cre€k,Puttv.Road, 20 River,186e, (GAUBA) lia.i6ii, u. i. pnil?r (CBCli in bushlandnear Bundanoon.2s Nov. I90l. Ga'?64 ff'vu.ipi.., *.i of ityistone,t1. S. Mc(ee 936(SYD); wollomombi,-17 Qec , 1950,G L' Dri* refji, f rnil", Wl of Karuah,12 Oct., 1953,a. l. S. "Ioi"r.'n(NSW); Blackheath Nov' 1914.A. A. Hamihon(NSW). ii;;;;,'^;; ;;d'rtitit'"ii nlu.', Dec. 1884,F. Muelter(MEL); Nitta Nitta, oct l9l9, ti,X,f,l::"i,:Mit');"dinna, 7 Apr. 1s36,E. H. rsins(AD); summitor Mt. woodrofi'e,Mus- graveRanges, D. E. Synon2663 (AO*r. "_,, 9tz ( -JC) .H '(a) _'(o) IJenII J SurD xe rrr{rltn pue (x) llo n C rrr#rs 1llSap E urluoc ( tlnqJs p vreold) sryDtado ou snquoqtll lit uoilnqrrisrq lj-unS1g g_1-i :r

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.Suolqo,uojreu llp€oJq slel3dleuut Z :po,{leuZ-l s1eled.relno ,e^nDLu,Buol 'srred .iuo1 Z rullj t-Z sluad ptav-I anlq ww gy-g- rc1ta1uy 'o]rq,\\ 1€llrulsslpJo ,snorqclS 1o1ad qtr,r enlq-deep .JlELurLunre.a-uo1 tLiLu-tr-7 'a1e1oecur1 -,trorr€u.r1rdrs_peApa^ '8uol ,sauac:t urc e-Z {re11rxeur sJa,rog p)uatiatog[uj '(ialnurut) .urru .ateLoerueiE'1;aielorlad luesard 1ou selndrls S-ZrEZ-9 ,4pr6qi .ro elrsses'eleuJelle .Eurtot8-i\\ol .g.rar1 satoa-7 .ro lu:qunJord leiuua:a4 (t68DJt:l .ld ueD ^ed Jztun) .J) .- ..taIaDW .( .uouucqsO ( llenr\l Dasr\qapu.rDtoDlD) (cIV :osr:.Ift\l :olo\l) J V,^^) uolLrnUsnres stsaro;_rrrey sr,rlrs u1 '(81.81) .ruierg ..11en141.{ t: I I snurlsslrqapsnqluEqIH .9

.g-,{ut{ srLlu,rorg, r.rrqou. ,{q zogr uo ,uos{cefuod 1" pa}ca1o-X:i;i:13 rlqer;olorld v JdAlosrJlqtssod € sr (,{rolslH lErnleN) runesnr! qsrlrJgeql lE pesnoqs.u,ror€ ueqod Jo uorlJelLoJJqt leql surlJurstLll Jd^l erll peurBlqo setlnrlJspu" r€tuao1 teq] u,t\oJgq8nolqt set\ tr teql alqrssodsr ll .setlnqJs pu" Jerueog ,{q paqr.rosepluql s" srr€ds eLu"s eql -toJ runueqieq srq ur pue loDJsnuEu pJllsrlqndunstq ur qloq uMoJg eqod ,{q pssn sE,r\sellnqrs pue rJruJoU Aq AuAuou^s ul palrJ s?,!\ qat\lM ,, DpradouoLLtDlot/l ., e:lJeg ]LIL pesEqere,\\ suorldrrcsep,.,,nu", oulltiiJ;"{ fj:i;';.oiJ"ffi ];,rilil: JqJ ons ouBqteH ur ilit .. JJLUoUltnqBq eq8uy xg,, se ueurrcedsed,{l aq} Jo urillo Jrll e^pb sroLJlnpeq1 :ureu 1dr:csnuBuJe se DptadoltoLuolo!/1 pelrj pue srsouS"rpuoqs e e eB satlnqJs pue nuaoy unloTadouorutrnplio j' .r"1rr11 oblons. 3-4 nerved. Stantet$:paired loculi appendages(when present) narrow- triang-ular.<0 5 mm long. white or orange. Capsule5 mm long; seedsca. 6. dark brown. pusticulate. Distribution: This species is found in the Warren and Darling districts of WesternAustralia (Figure 6). 26 collectionswere seen. WestenlAustrulia: Stream banks on outskirtsof Collie,,4 n. Fdl)'411760 (PERTH): near Pen'r- berton.18 Oct. 1919, C.6. Saracx,(NSw); near Mt. Lindsav'1879, Mrt,'(MEL); Hamden' Ctarke\MLL), MargarelRi\er, R. D. Rolce4b8J rPERTH). Mueller, in his original description,stated that there ar€ small stipules presentat the baseof the leaves,but noneofthe herbariumspecimens (including the type) sho\i's these.

7. Hybanthuscalycinus (DC. ex Ging.) F. Muell , Fragm. l0:81 (1876). Pisea caltci a DC. ex Ging. in DC., Prodr. 1:307(1824). Tlpe: Nouv. Holland: C6te occidentale(holo: P, Photoseen). itgeo glauci Endl. i;-Endl. et al., Enum.PI. Huegel5 (1837). Tvpe:Freemanile ad swan- Ri!er.H/i,eel (holo: w). Solcacatyi iua IDC. ex cing.)Spreng.. S)sl veg.I:804f1825) Vtatnineiaaustrulasiacr Da vr. in Lehm., Pl. Preiss.l:399 (1845). T)'pe:Herb. Pretlr, No. 1449(holo: w). Ionidiumplaacum (Endl.) F. Muell.,Pl. Col. vict. 1:67 (1862). lonidiunTalycnutm (DC. ex Gins.)F. Muell.,Pl Col. Vict. l:224 (1862) Calceolariaialyctua (DC. ex Ging.)O. Ktze.,Rev. Cen. Pl. I :41(1891) Perennial herb lo 60 cm tall. Leqt'es alternate, sessile, linear, 2-4 5x 0 l-0 3 cm, glabrousor scabrous;stipules linearJanceolate, 0 2-1 0 mm long, glabrous t iubescent. Inflorescenci a 5-to many-flowered axillary raceme, ia. 20 cm long. Sepalslanceolate, 3-7 mm long, prominently 3-5 nerved, slabrous or with ciliate margins, blue with white matgins Anterior petql i0-t6 rrn tong, blue to purple. Lateralpetals of dissimilarpairs, 3 5-4 5 mm long, margini recurved, ciliate, blue to purple, prominent purple veining. SraLeas dinsely pilose, purple: paired loculi appendagesnarrow-triangular, <0.5 mm long, orange. Capsule6 mm long; seeds3-6, ovoid to ellipsoidal, 2-5 mm long, black, prominentlyreticulate. Distribution: This speciesis found in the coastal regions of the Irwin, Darling, and Warren districts of Western Auslralia (Figure 6). 123 collections were seen. Weste Austrulia:45 milesNE. Perth,a W. Went65 (PER-IH); Moresby Range, Howatharra' A. C. Burns3 (PERTH);43 milesN. of GeraldtonA. S. George9182IPERTH); Cape Nat- uraliste.E. M. Bennett2269 (PERTH); Ogilvie, N. T. Burbidse2142 (CANB); L€€derville, I Au"-.1891 . R. Hdms(BRI); King'sPark Perth, Dec. 1910, "/ Sreatlt(NSW); Between Cham- pionbay and Port Cregory.Oct. i877,A Mueller(MEL); 18miles N. of BuDburv,21 Oct. 1962,M. E. Prlirpr (CBC).

Group III: Flowers solitary 8. Hybanthus volubilis E. M. Bennett sp. nov. (Figure 7). Herba perennisvolubilis. Folm altema,sessilia, vel lineariavel lanceolata,herbacea; stioulaelinaares. l'1oreraxillares, solitarii, violacei. sepdlalineari_lanc€olata, acuta, re_ curyala. Petalumanticum manifeste calcaratum, album venis atroviolaceis, petala lateralia oblonga. Loculi antherarumappendicibus anguste_triangula bus. Ovariu ovoideumvel globosum,glabrum, ovulis 6.

Twining perennial herb. Leaves alternate, sessile, linearlanceolate, 10-18x2-4 mm, occasionally basal leaves l6-20x5-6 mm chartaceous,glabrous; stipules linear, glabrous, 0 25 mm long. Flouers axillary, solitary' Sepals lanceolate to linear, acute,2-2'5 mm long, recurved, green to purple. Anterior peral 6-8 mm long, lamina white with mauve veining. Laterql petals oblorrg, aDicestruncate, recurved, l-5-2 5 mm long, blue-mauvewith darker veining. 236 Ltz 's8uDlr€ur e nEu ql&\ et!q^\.lEFd JoueluE : I :sr8p pa$l€J r :mds - s:pe JnJeJx.dE - e .lqed Joijoluv-l .JEe-I-) .ijr^O-f 'poes-H_- _.alnsdpJ-I/,1 .Flod leloq lano D lElod .r5oul Jo roelms roueluv-C rauur Jo eaeJms IOFelsoaI g Jeqlue torrolsod-o 'raqtu" rouelue 3JBJms Joualuv--a .Jeqlue 'eouerserouEJ-V .^os Jo.ds rolrelu€ Jo ooe:Fnsroualsod € sutgnlo^ snqtwq,(H-L eJnaId

UIuI NYD J I uIItr L'Z

r{\t'{,fa Ir l" uflI l' uu r J Ez'Z/ 1 I uu J e' j

ItrqI Ez'z Anthers greetyellow; loculi appendages narrow-triangular, 0 25-0 5 mm long' orange-yellow.' Ovar;t ovotd to globose, glabrous, ovules 6. Capsule 5 mm longiseeds l-6 per capsule, ovoid-illipsoidal, ca. 2 5 mm long, smooth, mottled pale and dark brown. Typer 8 niles E. of Margaret River townsiteon banks of Margaret River, w A., 17 Nov. 1968, E. M. Bemett 2815(holo: PERTH). Distribution: This species is found in the Warren district of Western Australia near the townsite of Margaret River (Figure 8).

WestemAustftliai Rosa Brook, R. D. Ro)'ce2803 (PERTH); on banks of Margarct River, Osmington, R. D. Rol,ce2464 (PERTH): Osmington, Margaret River district, R. , ,RoJce 462I (PERTH).

9. Hybanthus vernonii (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Fragm. 10:81 (1876). IonidiumrcrnoniiF. Muell.,Pl. Indig,Col.yict.l:223 (1862). ?rpe: TwofoldBay, N.S.w., F. Muetler (syn: MEL, K, photo); Genoa River, Vic., Sept. 1860, F. Mueller (syn.: BM' DhOtO Seen). tatceolariawmonii (F. Muell.)O. Kuntze,Rev Gen.Pl. 1:41 (1891). Hybanthusenneaspermus (L) F. Muell. var venonii(F. Muell.)DomiD, Biblioth. Bot. 89:982 (1928). Perennial herb or shrub to 90 cm tall- Leqves alternate, sessile, basal leavesusually lanceolate, upper leaveslinear 5-45x1-4mm, stipulesca.0 5 mm long, linear.' F/ol'ers solitary in axils of upper leaves. ^tepals-lanreolate,1 5 to i mm long, glabrous or outer surface scabrous, green to dark blue, margins

(A)' Fieure 8-Distribution of Hybanthus cvmulosus C. A. Cardn. (O), . 4^v.ol"t/'l sp nov' riliiiirotdes G. A. Gardn-l Melch. (a) and H. bilobus c. A. Gardn. (o). 6tz 'dsqns 'llenr{ 'J) pue(a) llaoula^ C ( ll.nn g'/olrrn "rr1rrrq"1/.Io .rorrnqll].iary; "#H

're .-r,op.rr",* rlr t^,\ousJo qrno..,r€es :(.Igr^[) t8r.€rlnut g ,qoa(l=oil]# :";;:i;ti 'o\,\SN) rp"o, 'EeuKD:(tJI ro"Ja/l .t4 .lJos)lreI sdnrqd g 'tro 'Tr€rJ95' fI t' t) 'ldes .,{eup,{S!rod..(DgJ) W,tg6l 8 rdEJ u:orD :(W) pubtaD g 7.6{}6I rnoqnH .lppll I 1(OIS) suo^g 'O 'O'LZ6t BnV 'rop.S :(VgnVJ) oqnog,tg6l.ldes .Ieg 'W9J '996I f N {red'lseoJ lesolreN 8Z sl^.re{:(SNVJ) rrr,1A pO 9Z qlnos'}seroJ al€ts elor)..sapll qflos /,.aN 'uees eJet\ suorlsolloc '(6 ,s arn8rg)"rrotcr^ urolsBapue saFi[ qlnos ,!\aNrueqtnos Jo Jo ls?oc qlnos pu" l"llusJ eql Suole punoJ sr sercedsqnssrql :uoltnq4lsle :oddnueql Jep?orq qrnu,"n"",,ffio-iffi;t";"1fi:iJto'#XT'Ht*" guoula,r'dsqns _dsqns riqEJs oteptdsnJrrtlo alEloecu€lqo'elElosru€l seêe-I .snorq€Jssurals pu€ soêe.J rtuoue^'dsqns rtBlo.ruEl^llpnsn re^tol ,rEeuil seêrl teddn .snorq€I8suels pue se ee.I sapadsqns ol ,{aX

'el?loeull 'u.rorq '8uol 'ec 'pprosdqya-pro^o .9-€ 01 qloorxs ruur 9.3 spoos :3uol uru g-g afsdoC '3uo1 luur 'Jeln8u?ul-^\o::eu ialrqaase8epuedde 9.0> ,acejrns {ncol : tuacs.qnd ,{ll-Ioqs + g roualsod uo luerseqnd flesuep sloqlu? 'pa^Jau 'Euolqo 'pa^Jeu-l to\Jellre :suawDts Ie.ra^es ,(lpeolq sppd reuur 'Euolqo-,$oJJeu 'e^neul 'tuo1 ,srredZ sleled lelno Z o1 enlq urur rzyurrssrp 'e^nel-]u 'Euo1 €-g.I '.tIqt Jo slotad pQtoT og anyq uru gI-9 lotad nltatuy + subsp. scaber E. M. Bennett subsp. nov. Carkr costis scabris. Folra 5-l5xl.5-2.5 mm, vel lanceolata vel oblanceolata vel tricuspidata, pilis in paginis ambabussparsis, praesertim abundioribus in venis et in margin- ibus recurvis. Stems scabrous along ribs. Leqyes 5-l5xl .5-2. 5 mm varying from lanceolate to oblanceolate to tricuspidate, with scattered hairs on both surfaces, especially abundant along veins and recurved margins. Tlper Stockout Creek, ColedaleRoad, N.S.W., Oct. 1909,J. L. Boornar (holo: NSW 97630). Distribution: This species is found along the east coast of New South Wales (Figure 9). 14 collections were seen. New South W'ales.Track to Green Cape, 8 Oct. 1961.M. E. Phillips (CBG); Bundanoon, 2l Apr. 1934,a. R. r. and J. W. V. (SYD); Clyde district, Dec. 1884, W. Baeuerlen(MEL); StockyardGully near Copmanhurst,23 Jul. 1967,,(. Grrere(NSW): near Turpentine Nowra- Braidwood,l5 Jul. 1934,n,4. Rorirdt (NSW).

10. Hybanthus epacroides (C. A. Gardn.) Melch., Nat. Pflanzenfam. Ed. 2 2t :360(t92s). Io idiumepacrcides C. A. Gardn.,J. and Proc.Roy. Soc.W. Austral.9:35 (1923t. T,pe: nearMt. Marshall,half a milesouth of BencubbinStation, 2 June1922, C. A. Garclner1696 {holo:PERTH: iso: MEL). Shrub Io 40 cm high, spinescent, lateral branches diyarrcale. Leqyes clustered at nodes, sometimes alternate, linear to spathulate, 2-7 x 0. 5-I .0 n.rm, apex recurved;stipules linear to lanceolate, t 0.5 mm long, glabrous except for few hairs towards base. Flovers axillary or arising from middle of leaf cluster, solitary. Sepafu ovatelanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous or ciliate, pale blue to white. Anterio,' petal 3-5 mm long, pale blue. Lateral petals of dissimilar pairs, oblong 1.5-3 mm long, apicestruncate, recurved, pale blue to white, veining purple. Anthers purple, + pubescent; loculi ap- pendagesabsent. Capsule5 mm long; seeds1-2, ovoid-ellipsoidal,ca. 3 mm long, smooth, mottled pale and dark brown. Distribution: This species is found in the Coolgardie and Eyre districts of Western Australia (Figure 8). 22 collections were seen. Werten Australia:Lake Cronin,Fonestanja, 13 June1929, C. A. Gadner(PERTH); 146 milescreat EasternHighway, E. M. Scrymgeour689 (PERTH): Nangeenan, F. Sroiard 3 (NSW);2 milesWest of Noneman,17 September1962, M. E. Phillips(GBG).

11. Hybanthusbilobus C. A. Gardn., J. Roy. Soc.W. Austral, l9:86 (1933). ryper:Hamersley River, lear Eyr€Range, 23 Sept.1925, C. A. Gardner1886 (holo: PERTH). H. foribmdus.(Lindl.) F. Muell, \^r.. mlnutifoliaF. Muell, Fragm. 10:82(18j6). Trp;: Crescjta PhillipsRiver usque Cape Arid, Maxwell(holo: tr'{EL).

Shrub to 20 cm tall, lateral branches divergent forming a dense intricate network. Ie4l,e.r scattered, usually crowded in small clusters at the nodes. sessile,obdeltoid, l-2x0.5-l .5 mm, truncate,appearing bilobed as a result of the recuved central portion of the apex; stipules linear, 1 0 . 5 mm long, densely hairy in lower half. Floyers axillary or arising from middle of leaf ctustei, solitary. Sepals lanceolate to oblancolate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, densely hirsute along margins and veins. Anterior petal 3-4 mm long, pale blue- Lateral pelals of _dissimilar pairs, oblong, 2-3 mm long, pale blue, veining purple. Anthers blte or green, pubescent, loculi appendagesnot present. Distribution: This species is found in the Eyre and Coolgardie Districts of Westem Australia (Figure 8). l0 collections were seen. WesternAustralla: M[ngilginup River, - 50miles easr ofEsperance, 8 Sept. 1963,J. H. Wiltis (MEL); 544mile peg Norseman-Esperance @ad, E. M. Benieu2168 (PERTH);-5 miles S of SalmonGums, l0 Aug. 1951,N. fl. ,, ittan(UWAI. 240 'Z6t- LtV:19 qf lo8 uelrv uoqJsruelu:uepns rrp Son8rtqrrslJnrs8 rarapuosaqttur ^ .D .lz.r.rHJS snqloeqAH nunlteD erp reqn uerpnlSeqrsrtetuots,{s-qrstSoloqdlof{ -(9f61 ) ) 'IJ 'ru?N 'tZgI) .rS led'snl{ < ^ u axw.rrH 'SVV-6\V:ZSqntJ log ,(ruol.[ng .secuerserogul - .,lA .H ,IJ.arcrf, III surlol leJueloq Jo A.reuotlrlpE JoJ slEtrarEN {SS6t) 'tEZ-LgIiOI 'seruarsarogur .A .H .4axclu ^el{ tog Jo suoqerglsseJc eqHtt6l) unso)ujfns utllplaorut lueurdol.ep 1,n,j pu" 1u.rooffi!11-lf#rl:f .cf .1tr?^,ru 'BoA runu3.u 'c96I roJ srequrnNe.ooso.,,orqJ luerd ro; xepul-e.96l) '28 .ae{elsnv tpo .d$.;I:t*ro J8:01 eerqde€ot{gdetuettl8€r9 19/gI) ,dq.r.IgnJ^I -unH pue ,"rcuno 'uelrrueJuezu€Bdueqclrnl'N er( .v .rorau3rt{tauiit'[A;iJ3=^ 'rEN 'lplw gl-.$tt*Ko^ urv spoesJo raoroqdrorur?urarur r uerpduro..*-1rouu .]{ro^ .slueld ^\.N'oJ u€ll(lrel I rEInse^lo rolouorBl 'projxo 'ssoJd .II .lo^ .sluEld {156l).I I H.g.rJNs{,4dv.I uopuerelJ Ssua \olj Jo "]eEeCeqHtg6l) .f .NosNrrrcJoH '9S:S6 'srleluepFro ..I ,fl qf'log eerJErtsnveeqderSolqd elueluAerg (tO6D O 'srueraauro^{ols Jo selrv oruosouo.rqc{ss6r) .d H#ff;T#y.t Cy,i"JX;?-ro '69t:8I 'rr .Elrsodord v uoxel errEloarlEJ,, ?pue^lasuoJ "uluroN-(696l) .a .f .^qNvd 'puel8u3 .ssord ft!s.ro^!un e8puqrueC .sured pue sluEld .s!ll!/r\ .J .f .pe .X .H .^\vHS nurJr^\olg 5ql lo ^JeuorlJr( V Jo qtz p.sfeu_(996l) ^{rV (seged fuolJnpo_rtul rrr potrl s)lrolA) sa FraJau