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Review and Assessment of Agri-Environment Schemes on Biodiversity and Farming Landscapes in European Islands

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Review and Assessment of Agri-Environment Schemes on Biodiversity and Farming Landscapes in European Islands REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENT SCHEMES ON BIODIVERSITY AND FARMING LANDSCAPES IN EUROPEAN ISLANDS Case Study of Isle of Wight, Shetland and Texel Nathalie Pion ENSAT DAA SPET Final Project September 2007 SUMMARY Ten European island organisations involved in agriculture and environmental conservation have initiated a cooperation project to share experiences arising from their similar environment, the European Island Farm Landscapes (EIFL) project. This six-month work has been carried out in the framework of this project and has focused on reviewing the agri-environment schemes set up under the European Union Common Agricultural Policy Reform in three case study islands, namely Isle of Wight (England), Shetland (Scotland) and Texel (Netherlands) and compare islands’ approaches to the implementation and outcomes of schemes in order to eventually identify common issues and opportunities for their further development in a European island context. Agri-environment schemes have on the whole provided the case study islands with an opportunity to maintain farm and croft activities whilst preserving and enhancing the farming environment. Island agriculture offers a scope for further conservation and improvement of landscape and biodiversity, provided adjustments are made to schemes that support it. This study has in particular highlighted a need for recognition of specific island characteristics and values which could reflect in a greater flexibility and site-specificity in scheme measures. It has also been put forward that currently monitoring programmes are few and on the whole not fully focused on agri-environment scheme monitoring and certainly not closely linked to the full range of biodiversity and landscape needs. Suggested developments include the use of new technologies - Geographic Information System in particular - to implement a landscape approach to the designing of measures, and an increased participation of farmers in monitoring. The joint study carried out here between three of the EIFL partners could be extended to other islands in order to fully establish an overview of the impacts and opportunities of agri-environment schemes in European islands. 1 CONTENTS SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................0 Contents .........................................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................4 Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................6 1. FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY.........................................................................................7 1.1 Europe’s agricultural landscape............................................................................................... 7 1.2 International and EU obligations on biodiversity................................................................... 7 1.2.1 International framework for biodiversity conservation: the CBD........................................................... 7 1.2.1.1 General objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity ........................................................ 7 1.2.1.2 The CBD and agriculture ................................................................................................................. 7 1.2.1.3 The CBD and island biodiversity ..................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1.4 EU implementation of the CBD ....................................................................................................... 8 1.2.2 Agricultural policies at the EU level: the CAP ....................................................................................... 8 1.2.3 Tools to address environment - and biodiversity - concerns: agri-environment schemes (AES)............ 8 1.2.3.1 Development and design of AES ..................................................................................................... 8 1.2.3.2 Basic principles of European agri-environment measures ............................................................... 9 1.2.3.3 Implementation of agri-environment policy in the EU..................................................................... 9 1.3 The European Island Farm Landscape Project.................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Objectives and activities ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Partners ................................................................................................................................................. 10 1.3.2.1 Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust - England ................................................................. 10 1.3.2.2 Shetland Crofting Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group - Scotland............................................ 10 1.3.2.3 De Lieuw – Texel, Holland ............................................................................................................ 11 1.3.2.4 Other organisations ........................................................................................................................ 11 1.4 Agri-environment schemes: their impact on island farming & biodiversity...................... 11 1.4.1 Evaluation of AES: literature review .................................................................................................... 11 1.4.1.1 A few examples of AES evaluation................................................................................................ 11 1.4.1.2 Biodiversity indicators ................................................................................................................... 12 1.4.2 Approach adopted to evaluate AES impact on the case-study islands.................................................. 12 1.4.2.1 Identification of island agriculture & conservation issues.............................................................. 12 1.4.2.2 AES applied on island farmland..................................................................................................... 13 1.4.2.3 High Nature Value areas and AES ................................................................................................. 13 1.4.2.4 Analysis of field survey data .......................................................................................................... 13 2. ISLE OF WIGHT ................................................................................................................13 2.1 Identification of island agriculture & conservation issues................................................... 13 2.1.1 Isle of Wight landscape......................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2 Agriculture on the Isle of Wight ........................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2.1 Structure of the agricultural sector ................................................................................................. 13 2.1.2.2 Land use ......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.2.3 Livestock trends ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.3 Farmland Biodiversity Action Plan and local issues............................................................................. 14 2.1.3.1 Farmland Biodiversity Action Plan................................................................................................ 14 2.1.3.2 Isle of Wight conservation and agricultural issues......................................................................... 15 2.2 AES on Isle of Wight farmland .............................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 AES operating on the Isle of Wight...................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1.1 Countryside and Environmental Stewardship ................................................................................ 16 2.2.1.2 Other schemes ................................................................................................................................16 2.2.2 Stakeholders.......................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Uptake statistics on Isle of Wight ......................................................................................................... 17 2 2.3 High Nature Value areas and AES......................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Site designations ................................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 AES on High Nature Value areas in Isle of Wight ............................................................................... 19 2.4 Analysis of
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