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Download at Blueventures.Org/Publications Front Page: Image © Blue Ventures / Sarah Freed REGISTERED CHARITY 1098893 Status Report: Marine ecosystems, fisheries and socio-economic context of Anjouan, Comoros Sarah Freed, Fanny Vessaz, Fatima Ousseni, Victoria Jeffers, Louise Gardner, Steve Rocliffe February 2018 V2 Blue Ventures, Level 2 Annex, Omnibus Business Centre, 39-41 North Road, London, N7 9DP, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)207 697 8598 Web: www.blueventures.org Email: [email protected] Blue Ventures Conservation Report © Blue Ventures 2018. Copyright in this publication and in all text, data and images contained herein, except as otherwise indicated, rests with Blue Ventures. Keywords: Anjouan, Comoros, community-led fisheries management, rapid reef assessment Acknowledgements: We are grateful to CEPF, the Tusk Trust and WWF who have been essential partners in this project, and we look forward to continuing our work with them as we take this exciting project forward. We thank all Dahari staff and community members of the Sima peninsula for their assistance in this research. We especially thank community catch monitors S. Ahmadi, Y. Mohamed, N. Bacar, and B. Moustadiran. Recommended citation: Freed S., Vessaz, F., Ousseni, F., Jeffers, V., Gardner, L., Rocliffe, S. (2018). Status Report: Marine ecosystems, fisheries and socio-economic context of Anjouan, Comoros. Blue Ventures Conservation Report. Available to download at blueventures.org/publications Front page: Image © Blue Ventures / Sarah Freed ii Blue Ventures Conservation Report Table of Contents 1. Executive summary .......................................................................................................................... 5 2. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Selection of study sites .............................................................................................................................. 7 3. Ecological assessment ...................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Method .................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1 Coastal ecosystem mapping ............................................................................................................ 10 3.2.2 Coastline assessment ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.3 Rapid reef assessment ..................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.4 In-depth reef surveys ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 Coastal ecosystem mapping ............................................................................................................ 15 3.3.2 Coastline assessment and rapid reef assessment ........................................................................... 16 3.3.3 In-depth reef survey ........................................................................................................................ 24 3.4 Discussion and recommendations........................................................................................................ 29 4. Socio-economic assessment ........................................................................................................... 31 4.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................................................ 31 4.2 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 31 4.3 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 4.3.1 Sima peninsula ................................................................................................................................. 32 4.3.2 Bimbini ............................................................................................................................................. 34 4.3.3 Vassy ................................................................................................................................................ 36 4.3.4 Dzindri .............................................................................................................................................. 40 4.3.5 Salamani ........................................................................................................................................... 43 4.4 Discussion and recommendations .......................................................................................................... 45 5. Catch monitoring ........................................................................................................................... 46 5.1 Objective ................................................................................................................................................. 46 5.2 Method .................................................................................................................................................... 46 5.3 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 47 5.5 Discussion and recommendations .......................................................................................................... 49 6. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 50 7. Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ 50 8. References ..................................................................................................................................... 51 9. Appendix A. Ecological assessment methodologies ......................................................................... 52 iii Blue Ventures Conservation Report A.1 Coastal ecosystem mapping ................................................................................................................... 52 A.2 Coastline assessment .............................................................................................................................. 53 A.3 Rapid reef assessment ............................................................................................................................ 54 A.4 In-depth reef survey (2017 methodology).............................................................................................. 59 10. Appendix B. Marine socio-economic assessment methodology for the Comoros .......................... 67 11. Appendix C1. Catch monitoring methodology: boat fishery .......................................................... 71 12. Appendix C2. Catch monitoring methodology: reef gleaning fishery ............................................. 73 13. Appendix D. Preliminary results for reef gleaning fisheries monitoring ......................................... 75 iv Blue Ventures Conservation Report 1. Executive summary The outstanding marine biodiversity of the Comoros islands is both poorly studied and subject to high local pressures on resources, especially on the island of Anjouan. In partnership with Comorian NGO Dahari, Blue Ventures aims to address the pressures on the marine ecosystems of the Sima peninsula in western Anjouan (Figure 1), whilst meeting the needs of fishery-dependent communities and conserving the marine resources and biodiversity. To achieve this goal, we need to identify and implement community-centred opportunities for enhancing conservation, fisheries management and livelihoods. However, there are little existing data available on the local ecosystems, socio-economic context or fisheries to inform these activities, so it was necessary to carry out broad-scale baseline research. Our programme of participatory research began in 2015, and we present the initial results in the report as follows: ● Broad overview of coastal ecosystems across the region of our interventions (coastal ecosystem mapping, 3.2.1) ● Broad overview of evidence of anthropogenic pressures (3.2.2) ● Detailed evaluation of coral reef status at several sites in the region (3.2.3) ● Broad overview of the socio-economic context across the region of our interventions (4.3.1) ● Detailed socio-economic assessment of the communities involved in our interventions (4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.3.5) ● Results of ongoing catch monitoring carried out at two of the sites involved in our interventions (5) Key findings: ● There is vast coral reef coverage around the Sima peninsula, though live hard coral cover and fish abundance and richness varies widely. ● Mangroves are present in few locales, but cover appears to be stable. ● There are significant areas of seagrass bed
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