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The California Tech Volume CXX number 17 Pasadena, California [email protected] february 27, 2017 The Muslim East in Mozart’s Opera ‘Abduction From the Seraglio’ CHLOE HSU Page Editor Muslim East through the Orient response to him, rather than by Osmin are far more complex than one. Mozart presents the conflicts Express, the two cultures collide in his own voice. Meanwhile, Bass conventional stereotypes. Despite between the East and the West In a strange coincidence with a series of comedic episodes. The Morris Robinson’s sonorous and being in a powerful position, Pasha lightheartedly with comedy, current politics, LA Opera’s setting of the opera on a moving resonant voice suits Osmin’s vulgar is determined to win the love of sending a message that humor production of Mozart’s The train symbolizes the changing personality very well. Morris his abducted woman Konstanze transcends the difference between Abduction From The Seraglio was interactions between the East and Robinson is one the most sought (Belmonte’s fiancee) without the two cultures. At the end of the premiered on January 28. On the the West. after basses performing today, with force by being a gentleman. It is opera, Pasha forgives Belmonte same day of the premiere, Donald The Turkish monarch Pasha acclaimed appearance in The Magic very natural for the audience to with his genuine benevolence and Trump closed America’s borders Selim and his servant Osmin are Flute, Don Giovanni, Madama sympathize with the soft-hearted lets go of the family feud. There is to refugees and immigrants from perhaps the most interesting pair of Butterfly, Salome, and others. His Pasha, who perhaps represents a lesson of Islamic compassion in seven Muslim-majority countries. characters. Somewhat surprisingly, voice is a highlight of LA Opera’s Mozart’s humanist vision of the happy ending, which might be In the opera, the hero Belmonte Pasha Selim, the central ‘villain’ of production of The Abduction From the Muslim West. Meanwhile, too good to be true for our current travels from Paris to Istanbul the story, is a spoken role without The Seraglio. his servant Osmin is a barbaric affairs today. to rescue his fiancee from the any singing parts. With Mozart’s Although the opera as a whole terrorist who tortures Belmonte Ottoman ruler Pasha Selim. When genius design, Pasha’s character is is under the influence of 18th- and teases Konstanze’s maid, the Christian West meets the developed by the others’ musical century Orientalism, Pasha and but a funny terrorist, not a scary Electrons Use DNA Like a Wire for Signaling DNA Replication WHITNEY CLAVIN Caltech Media Relations Vanderbilt University, shows that a help DNA polymerase alpha start the iron there were it not for a good becomes reduced, and lets go of the key protein required for replicating its job of copying the single strand reason,” says Barton. DNA. This donation and acceptance DNA depends on electrons of DNA to create a new segment of Through a series of tests in of electrons is done with the help of This article is adapted from a traveling through DNA. double-helical DNA. which mutations were introduced the iron-sulfur clusters. story that was originally published “Nature is the best chemist DNA primase and DNA into the DNA primase protein, “You have to get the DNA online at caltech.edu. and knows exactly how to take polymerase alpha molecules the researchers showed that this primase off the DNA quickly—that In the early 1990s, Jacqueline advantage of DNA electron- both contain iron-sulfur clusters. protein needs to be in an oxidized really starts the whole replication Barton, the John G. Kirkwood transport chemistry,” says Barton, Barton and her colleagues state—which means it has lost process,” says Barton. “It’s a hand and Arthur A. Noyes Professor of who is also the Norman Davidson previously discovered that these electrons—to bind tightly to DNA off of electrons from one cluster to Chemistry at Caltech, discovered Leadership Chair of Caltech’s metal clusters are crucial for DNA and participate in DNA electron the other through the DNA double an unexpected property of DNA— Division of Chemistry and electron transport in DNA repair. transport. When the protein is helix.” that it can act like an electrical Chemical Engineering. In DNA repair, specific proteins reduced—meaning it has gained Many proteins involved in DNA wire to transfer electrons quickly “The electron transfer process send electrons down the double electrons—it does not bind tightly reactions also contain iron-sulfur across long distances. Later, she in DNA occurs very quickly,” says helix to other DNA-bound repair to DNA. clusters and may also play roles in and her colleagues showed that O’Brien, lead author of the study, proteins as a way to “test the line,” “The electronic state of the iron- DNA electron transport chemistry, cells take advantage of this trait to appearing in the February 24 issue so to speak, and make sure there sulfur cluster in DNA primase acts Barton says. What began as a help locate and repair potentially of Science. “It makes sense that are no mutations in the DNA. If like an on/off switch to initiate fundamental question 25 years ago harmful mutations to DNA. the cell would utilize this quick- there are mutations, the line is DNA replication,” says O’Brien. about whether DNA could support Now, Barton’s lab has shown acting pathway to regulate DNA essentially broken, alerting the cell What’s more, the researchers migration of electrons continues that this wire-like property of DNA replication, which necessarily is a that mutations are in need of repair. demonstrated that electron to lead to new questions about the is also involved in a different critical very rapid process.” The iron-sulfur clusters in the DNA transport through DNA plays a chemical workings of cells. “That’s cellular function: replicating DNA. The researchers found their first repair proteins are responsible for role in signaling DNA primase to the wonder of basic research,” she When cells divide and replicate clue that DNA replication might donating and accepting traveling leave the DNA strand. (Though says. “You start with one question themselves in our bodies—for involve the transport of electrons electrons. DNA primase must bind to and the answer leads you to new example in the brain, heart, bone through the double helix by taking a Barton and her group wanted single-stranded DNA to kick off questions and new areas.” marrow, and fingernails—the closer look at the proteins involved. to know if the iron-sulfur clusters replication, the process cannot The study, titled, “The [4Fe4S] double-stranded helix of DNA is Two of the main players in DNA were doing something similar in begin in earnest until the protein Cluster of Human DNA Primase copied. DNA also copies itself in replication, critical at the start of the DNA-replication proteins. pops back off the strand). functions as a Redox Switch using reproductive cells that are passed the process, are the proteins DNA “We knew the iron-sulfur The scientists propose that the DNA Charge Transport,” was on to progeny. primase and DNA polymerase clusters must be doing something DNA polymerase alpha protein, funded by the National Institutes The new Caltech-led study, alpha. DNA primase typically binds in the DNA-replication proteins, which sits on the double helix of Health. The collaborative work based on work by graduate student to single-stranded, uncoiled DNA otherwise why would they be strand, sends electrons down the also included Vanderbilt coauthors Elizabeth O’Brien in collaboration to begin the replication process. It there? Iron can damage the DNA, strand to DNA primase. DNA Marilyn Holt, Matthew Thompson, with Walter Chazin’s group at creates a “primer” made of RNA to so nature would not have wanted primase accepts the electrons, Lauren Salay, and Aaron Ehlinger. NASA Telescope Reveals Batch of Earth-Size, Habitable-Zone Planets WHITNEY CLAVIN All of these seven planets could a remarkable step forward toward telescopes, including the European them, allowing their density to be Caltech Media Relations have liquid water -- key to life that goal.” Southern Observatory’s Very Large estimated. as we know it -- under the right At about 40 light-years (235 Telescope, Spitzer confirmed the Based on their densities, all of This article is adapted from a atmospheric conditions, but the trillion miles) from Earth, the existence of two of these planets the TRAPPIST-1 planets are likely story that was originally published chances are highest with the three system of planets is relatively close and discovered five additional to be rocky. Further observations online at caltech.edu. in the habitable zone. to us, in the constellation Aquarius. ones, increasing the number of will not only help determine NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope “This discovery could be a Because they are located outside of known planets in the system to whether they are rich in water, but has revealed the first known system significant piece in the puzzle of our solar system, these planets are seven. also possibly reveal whether any of seven Earth-size planets around finding habitable environments, scientifically known as exoplanets. The new results were published could have liquid water on their a single star. Three of these planets places that are conducive to life,” This exoplanet system is Wednesday in the journal surfaces. The mass of the seventh are firmly located in the habitable said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate called TRAPPIST-1, named Nature, and announced at a news and farthest exoplanet has not yet zone, the area around the parent administrator of the agency’s for The Transiting Planets and briefing at NASA Headquarters in been estimated -- scientists believe star where a rocky planet is most Science Mission Directorate in Planetesimals Small Telescope Washington.