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On Celestial Wings / Edgar D
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whitcomb. Edgar D. On Celestial Wings / Edgar D. Whitcomb. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. 1. United States. Army Air Forces-History-World War, 1939-1945. 2. Flight navigators- United States-Biography. 3. World War, 1939-1945-Campaigns-Pacific Area. 4. World War, 1939-1945-Personal narratives, American. I. Title. D790.W415 1996 940.54’4973-dc20 95-43048 CIP ISBN 1-58566-003-5 First Printing November 1995 Second Printing June 1998 Third Printing December 1999 Fourth Printing May 2000 Fifth Printing August 2001 Disclaimer This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States government. This publication has been reviewed by security and policy review authorities and is cleared for public release. Digitize February 2003 from August 2001 Fifth Printing NOTE: Pagination changed. ii This book is dedicated to Charlie Contents Page Disclaimer........................................................................................................................... ii Foreword............................................................................................................................ vi About the author .............................................................................................................. -
Sarfatti and Venturi, Two Italian Art Critics in the Threads of Modern Argentinian Art
MODERNIDADE LATINA Os Italianos e os Centros do Modernismo Latino-americano Sarfatti and Venturi, Two Italian Art Critics in the Threads of Modern Argentinian Art Cristina Rossi Introduction Margherita Sarfatti and Lionello Venturi were two Italian critics who had an important role in the Argentinian art context by mid-20th Century. Venturi was only two years younger than Sarfatti and both died in 1961. In Italy, both of them promoted groups of modern artists, even though their aesthetic poetics were divergent, such as their opinions towards the official Mussolini´s politics. Our job will seek to redraw their action within the tension of the artistic field regarding the notion proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, i.e., taking into consider- ation the complex structure as a system of relations in a permanent state of dispute1. However, this paper will not review the performance of Sarfatti and Venturi towards the cultural policies in Italy, but its proposal is to reintegrate their figures – and their aesthetical and political positions – within the interplay of forces in the Argentinian rich cultural fabric, bearing in mind the strategies that were implemented by the local agents with those who they interacted with. Sarfatti and Venturi in Mussolini´s political environment Born into a Jewish Venetian family in 1883, Margherita Grassini got married to the lawyer Cesare Sarfatti and in 1909 moved to Milan, where she started her career as an art critic. Convinced that Milan could achieve a central role in the Italian culture – together with the Jewish gallerist Lino Pesaro – in 1922 Sarfatti promoted the group Novecento. -
PDF Download Malta, 1565
MALTA, 1565: LAST BATTLE OF THE CRUSADES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Tim Pickles,Christa Hook,David Chandler | 96 pages | 15 Jan 1998 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781855326033 | English | Osprey, United Kingdom Malta, 1565: Last Battle of the Crusades PDF Book Yet the defenders held out, all the while waiting for news of the arrival of a relief force promised by Philip II of Spain. After arriving in May, Dragut set up new batteries to imperil the ferry lifeline. Qwestbooks Philadelphia, PA, U. Both were advised by the yearold Dragut, the most famous pirate of his age and a highly skilled commander. Elmo, allowing Piyale to anchor his fleet in Marsamxett, the siege of Fort St. From the Publisher : Highly visual guides to history's greatest conflicts, detailing the command strategies, tactics, and experiences of the opposing forces throughout each campaign, and concluding with a guide to the battlefields today. Meanwhile, the Spaniards continued to prey on Turkish shipping. Tim Pickles describes how despite constant pounding by the massive Turkish guns and heavy casualties, the Knights managed to hold out. Michael across a floating bridge, with the result that Malta was saved for the day. Michael, first with the help of a manta similar to a Testudo formation , a small siege engine covered with shields, then by use of a full-blown siege tower. To cart. In a nutshell: The siege of Malta The four-month Siege of Malta was one of the bitterest conflicts of the 16th century. Customer service is our top priority!. Byzantium at War. Tim Pickles' account of the siege is extremely interesting and readable - an excellent book. -
September, 2015
Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem Knights Hospitaller Founded in Jerusalem 1113, continuing through Czar Nicholas II Confirmed by the Royal Charter and Constitution of H.M. King Peter II of Yugoslavia Pro Fide, Pro Utilitate Hominum SEPTEMBER 2015. PART 1 The September issue of the International Newsletter is published in two Parts: Part 1 contains: General news in the Sovereign Order and: Commemorating the 450th Anniversary Victory of the Great Siege of Malta. H. E. BAILIFF MAY STORRIE, CBE, GCSJ, MMSJ HONOURED BY THE QUEEN On July 1 Bailiff May Storrie was formally invested as a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II at a ceremony at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh. May’s sons Grahame and Stuart and her daughter-in-law Kathryn were guests at the ceremony. This distinguished honour is awarded in recognition of May Storrie’s contributions to business and philanthropy over many years. We congratulate May on this recognition of her significant community involvement. International SOSJ Newsletter September 2015 1 NEW COMMANDERY OF MONACO IN FORMATION COMBINED WITH THE ITALIAN COMMANDERY IN FORMATION The Government of Monaco has approved the formation of a Commandery in the Principality of Monaco. It will be known as “Association of Monaco Italy of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller” and “Association Monaco Italie de l’Ordre Souverain de Saint Jean de Jérusalem, Chevaliers Hospitaliers” The plan is to form an Italian Priory that would include the Commanderies of Italy and Monaco. Already Commander Jacqueline Marschner Von Helmreich of Monaco has met with Commander Anselmo Sarchi of the Italian Commandery in Formation to discuss the structures of the respective Commanderies. -
Mussolini, Benito
Mussolini, Benito (1883-1945), Italian dictator from 1922 until the end of World War II. Before World War I, Mussolini was a radical Socialist, and during the war he was anti-German. After the war, he founded the Fascist movement, based on a platform of Italian nationalism and anti-Communism. In October 1922 Mussolini and his followers took control of the Italian government, and by 1925, Mussolini became Italy’s dictator, calling himself Il Duce---the Leader. Mussolini was not strongly antisemitic. He had close ties to Italian Jews, including several early founders and members of the Fascist movement. He was also strongly affected by two Jewish women: Angelica Balabanoff, from Russia, and Margherita Sarfatti, an Italian. After Mussolini rose to national power, he reassured Italian Jewry of their safety in an interview with the Chief Rabbi of Rome. From 1922 to 1936, Mussolini summed up his policy towards the Jews in his country with the statement: "The Jewish problem does not exist in Italy." However, off the record, Mussolini verbally attacked Jews and Zionism. During Italy's war against Ethiopia in 1935-1936, Mussolini ranted against "international Jewry." Finally, when Germany and Italy started getting friendly in 1936, Mussolini began rethinking his Jewish policy. At first, he tried to deal with the Jews by forcing them into becoming Fascists; in 1938 he decided to issue racial laws in an attempt to remove Jews from public life in Italy. However, he refused to implement the brutal anti-Jewish measures used by the Germans, and even allowed Jews a safe haven in areas of Europe controlled by Italy. -
Felipe Ii Y El Islam Antes De Lepanto
FELIPE II Y EL ISLAM ANTES DE LEPANTO Enrique MARTÍNEZ RUIZ Catedrático de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto de Historia y Cultura Naval Introducción A bancarrota declarada en 1557 (1) por Felipe II mostraba las dificultades de la Hacienda real y la necesidad de recuperar la solvencia que permitiera cerrar la guerra con Francia y prevenir posibles contingencias en el Mediterráneo. En esa situación, el rey recurrió a arbitrios diversos para reunir dinero (enajenación de oficios, incautación de los caudales de particulares que traía la Flota de Indias y otros expedientes fiscales) y, de abril a junio de 1557, ordenó sobreseer las libranzas y consignaciones para obtener los fondos necesarios. Como compen- sación, de 1558 a 1560 se entregaron juros en pago de los asientos de la deuda vieja y como incentivo para negociar nuevos préstamos, refinanciar la deuda flotante acumulada, dar confianza a los asen- tistas y tener liquidez, si bien a costa de incrementar el endeudamiento de la Hacienda real. Desde 1558 se estableció un impuesto bastante alto sobre la exportación de la lana, se cobraron aranceles en la frontera portuguesa, se aumentaron el almojarifazgo y los impuestos en los puertos vascos, además de incorporar las minas de sal a la Corona y establecer el monopolio sobre las barajas de cartas. Todo ello supuso un sensible aumento de las imposiciones al margen de las Cortes, que también incrementaron el encabezamiento de 1561, al prometerles (1) Sobre la bancarrota y sus consecuencias, ÁLVAREZ NOGAL, Carlos, y CHAMLEY, Chris- topher: «La crisis financiera de Castilla en 1557-1577: fiscalidad y estrategia», en Crisis finan- cieras en la Historia. -
Aspekter På Den Italienska Fascismen Texter Och Tolkningar
Aspekter på den italienska fascismen Texter och tolkningar AKADEMISK AVHANDLING som med tillstånd av Rektor vid Umeå universitet för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen kommer att offentligen försvaras i Humanisthuset, hörsal E, lördagen den 3 oktober 1998, kl. 10.15 av Giuseppe Nencioni Giuseppe Nencioni: Aspekter på den italienska fascismen. Texter och tolkningar. Swedish text with a summary in English. Department of History, Umeå University. Umeå 1998, 317 pp. Monograph. ISSN 0280-5529 ISBN 91-7191-504-4 Publisher: Rapporter från institutionen för historia, nr 11. Institutionen för historia, Umeå universitet, SE-901 87 Umeå. ABSTRACT Initially an attempt is made to present an overview of the interpretations of the meaning of Fascism. In a presentation of the views of Renzo De Felice and Zeev Sternhell the opinions of the latter are highlighted. It appears that Stemhell's conclusions better explain Italian Fascism, as well as Nazism, although Sternhell has not extensively described Nazism. His conclusions can also be used to illustrate the fact that most characteristics of Nazism and Fascism were identical, something which De Felice denies. This also applies to anti-Semitism. Then follows an analysis of the origin of the Fascist ideology, and it is stated that this ideology, both in Germany and in Italy originated in the "frn-de-siècle crisis", the anti-positive climate which existed at the end of the 19th century. This climate included a reaction against what was regarded as "decadence". It is maintained that amongst a number of Italian and German intellectuals there existed a number of similar ideas, such as for instance contempt for monetary economy, pacifism, intellectualism, the calm bourgeois life, liberalism, democracy and socialism. -
Robert O. Paxton-The Anatomy of Fascism -Knopf
Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page b also by robert o. paxton French Peasant Fascism Europe in the Twentieth Century Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940–1944 Parades and Politics at Vichy Vichy France and the Jews (with Michael R. Marrus) Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page i THE ANATOMY OF FASCISM Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page ii Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page iii THE ANATOMY OF FASCISM ROBERT O. PAXTON Alfred A. Knopf New York 2004 Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page iv this is a borzoi book published by alfred a. knopf Copyright © 2004 by Robert O. Paxton All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Distributed by Random House, Inc., New York. www.aaknopf.com Knopf, Borzoi Books, and the colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. isbn: 1-4000-4094-9 lc: 2004100489 Manufactured in the United States of America First Edition Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page v To Sarah Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page vi Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page vii contents Preface xi chapter 1 Introduction 3 The Invention of Fascism 3 Images of Fascism 9 Strategies 15 Where Do We Go from Here? 20 chapter 2 Creating Fascist Movements 24 The Immediate Background 28 Intellectual, Cultural, and Emotional -
Notes from the Sicilian Archipelago
Baldacchino: Sicily/Lingering Colonial Outlier - ISLAND REFLECTIONS - LINGERING COLONIAL OUTLIER YET MINIATURE CONTINENT: NOTES FROM THE SICILIAN ARCHIPELAGO GODFREY BALDACCHINO University of Malta/ University of Prince Edward Island <[email protected]> Abstract The fortunes of the wider Mediterranean Sea, the world’s largest, have never rested on Sicily, its largest island. A stubbornly peripheral region, and possibly the world’s most bridgeable island, Sicily has been largely neglected within the field of Island Studies. The physically largest island with the largest population in the region, and housing Europe’s most active volcano, Sicily has moved from being a hinterland for warring factions (Sparta/Athens, Carthage/Rome), to a more centrist stage befitting its location, although still remaining a political outlier in the modern era. Unlike many even smaller islands with smaller populations, however, Sicily has remained an appendage to a larger, and largely dysfunctional, state. The Maltese islands are part of ‘the Sicilian archipelago’, and it was a whim of Charles V of Spain that politically cut off Malta from this node in the 1520s, but not culturally. This article will review some of the multiple representations of this island, and its changing fortunes. Keywords Archipelago, heterotopias, Island Studies, Sicily, Italy, Malta, Mediterranean, periphery Introduction In both its physical and its human setting, the Mediterranean crossroads, the Mediterranean patchwork, leaves a coherent image in the mind as a system in which everything mingles and is then recast to form a new, original unity (Braudel, 1985: 5). On a clear wintry day, one can easily see the snow-capped top of Mount Etna, Europe’s largest active volcano, from various vantage points on the Maltese islands; and the lights along the southern Sicilian coast are also readily visible from the northern hills of Malta during clear nights (see Figure 1). -
The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini Valentina Follo University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Follo, Valentina, "The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 858. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/858 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/858 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini Abstract The year 1937 marked the bimillenary of the birth of Augustus. With characteristic pomp and vigor, Benito Mussolini undertook numerous initiatives keyed to the occasion, including the opening of the Mostra Augustea della Romanità , the restoration of the Ara Pacis , and the reconstruction of Piazza Augusto Imperatore. New excavation campaigns were inaugurated at Augustan sites throughout the peninsula, while the state issued a series of commemorative stamps and medallions focused on ancient Rome. In the same year, Mussolini inaugurated an impressive square named Forum Imperii, situated within the Foro Mussolini - known today as the Foro Italico, in celebration of the first anniversary of his Ethiopian conquest. The Forum Imperii's decorative program included large-scale black and white figural mosaics flanked by rows of marble blocks; each of these featured inscriptions boasting about key events in the regime's history. This work examines the iconography of the Forum Imperii's mosaic decorative program and situates these visual statements into a broader discourse that encompasses the panorama of images that circulated in abundance throughout Italy and its colonies. -
Great Siege of Malta: the Christian Defenders
Great Siege of Malta: The Christian Defenders Army Commander (40pts) Roll a D6 (1-Ld 7, 2-4 Ld 8, 5-6-Ld9) Infantry Commander – 40 pts, Ld 8 Cavalry Commander – 40 pts, Ld 8 Army Special Rules • At least one-third of the units must be Maltese (any mix Nobles, Horsemen and Militia) • Any Horse or Foot units in the army can be downgraded to ‘Small’ at -6 Points each Siege Equipment • Up to a quarter of all infantry units may be given incendiary weapons – opposing units are at -1 to hit and reduce their morale save by 1 (+6 pts per unit). The Horse Unit Unit Weapons Hand Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points Type to Value Value Hand Value Knights Heavy Lance, 9 0 3+ 4 Heavy 70pts Hospitallers Cavalry Sword Cavalry+1, Elite 4+ Fanatic Maximum 1 unit Unit Unit Weapons Hand to Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points Type Hand Value Value Value Maltese Heavy Lance, 8 0 4+ 4 Heavy 53pts Nobles Cavalry Sword Cavalry+1 Maximum 1 unit – may only be fielded if the Knights of St John are also fielded. Unit Unit Type Weapons Hand Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points to Value Value Hand Value Maltese Light Light 6 1 5+ 3 36pts Horsemen Skirmisher Lance, Horse Sword, Pistol Maximum 2 units (Light Lance – enemy units, horse or foot, are at-1morale if charged) Unit Unit Weapons Hand Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points Type to Value Value Hand Value Mounted Cavalry Arquebus 7 1 4+ 3 Caracole 39pts Arquebusiers Maximum 1 unit in the army The Foot Unit Unit Weapons Hand Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points Type to Value Value Hand Value Knights Foot -
The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta – a General History of the Order of Malta
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OAR@UM Emanuel Buttigieg THE SOVEREIGN MILITARY HOSPITALLER ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM OF RHODES AND OF MALTA – A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE ORDER OF MALTA INTRODUCTION: HOSPITALLERS Following thirteen years of excavation by the Israel Antiquities Authority, a thousand-year-old structure – once a hospital in Jerusalem – will be open to the public; part of it seems earmarked to serve as a restaurant. 1 In Syria, as the civil war rages on, reports and footage have been emerging of explosions in and around Crac des Chevaliers castle, a UNESCO World Heritage site. 2 During the interwar period (1923–1943), the Italian colonial authorities in the Dodecanese engaged in a wide-ranging series of projects to restore – and in some instances redesign – several buildings on Rhodes, in an attempt to recreate the late medieval/Renaissance lore of the island. 3 Between 2008 and 2013, the European Regional Development Fund provided the financial support necessary for Malta to undertake a large-scale restoration of several kilometres of fortifications, with the aim of not only preserving these structures but also enhancing Malta’s economic and social well- -being.4 Since 1999, the Sainte Fleur Pavilion in the Antananarivo University Hospital Centre in Madagascar has been helping mothers to give birth safely and assisting infants through care and research. 5 What binds together these seemingly disparate, geographically-scattered buildings, all with their stories of hope and despair? All of them – a hospital in Jerusalem, a castle in Syria, structures on Rhodes, fortifications on Malta, and yet another hospital, this time in Madagascar – attest to the constant (but evolving) mission of the Order of Malta “to Serve the Poor and Defend the Faith” over several centuries.