Stem Cells and Society
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Alfred Nobel
www.bibalex.org/bioalex2004conf The BioVisionAlexandria 2004 Conference Newsletter November 2003 Volume 1, Issue 2 BioVisionAlexandria ALFRED NOBEL 2004 aims to celebrate the The inventor, the industrialist outstanding scientists and scholars, in a he Nobel Prize is one of the highest distinctions recognized, granting its winner century dominated by instant fame. However, many do not know the interesting history and background technological and T that led to this award. scientific revolutions, through its It all began with a chemist, known as Alfred Nobel, born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1833. Nobel Day on 3 April Alfred Nobel moved to Russia when he was eight, where his father, Immanuel Nobel, 2004! started a successful mechanical workshop. He provided equipment for the Russian Army and designed naval mines, which effectively prevented the British Royal Navy from moving within firing range of St. Petersburg during the Crimean War. Immanuel Nobel was also a pioneer in the manufacture of arms, and in designing steam engines. INSIDE Scientific awards .........3 Immanuel’s success enabled him to Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, the Italian Confirmed laureates ....4 Lady laureates ............7 provide his four sons with an excellent chemist who had invented Nitroglycerine education in natural sciences, languages three years earlier. Nitroglycerine, a and literature. Alfred, at an early age, highly explosive liquid, was produced by acquired extensive literary knowledge, mixing glycerine with sulfuric and nitric mastering many foreign languages. His acid. It was an invention that triggered a Nobel Day is interest in science, especially chemistry, fascination in the young scientist for many dedicated to many of was also apparent. -
Lower Genomic Stability of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reflects
Zhang et al. Cancer Commun (2018) 38:49 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40880-018-0313-0 Cancer Communications ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Lower genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem cells refects increased non‑homologous end joining Minjie Zhang1,2†, Liu Wang3†, Ke An1,2†, Jun Cai1, Guochao Li1,2, Caiyun Yang1, Huixian Liu1, Fengxia Du1, Xiao Han1,2, Zilong Zhang1,2, Zitong Zhao1,2, Duanqing Pei4, Yuan Long5, Xin Xie5, Qi Zhou3 and Yingli Sun1* Abstract Background: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) share many common features, including similar morphology, gene expression and in vitro diferentiation profles. However, genomic stability is much lower in iPSCs than in ESCs. In the current study, we examined whether changes in DNA damage repair in iPSCs are responsible for their greater tendency towards mutagenesis. Methods: Mouse iPSCs, ESCs and embryonic fbroblasts were exposed to ionizing radiation (4 Gy) to introduce dou- ble-strand DNA breaks. At 4 h later, fdelity of DNA damage repair was assessed using whole-genome re-sequencing. We also analyzed genomic stability in mice derived from iPSCs versus ESCs. Results: In comparison to ESCs and embryonic fbroblasts, iPSCs had lower DNA damage repair capacity, more somatic mutations and short indels after irradiation. iPSCs showed greater non-homologous end joining DNA repair and less homologous recombination DNA repair. Mice derived from iPSCs had lower DNA damage repair capacity than ESC-derived mice as well as C57 control mice. Conclusions: The relatively low genomic stability of iPSCs and their high rate of tumorigenesis in vivo appear to be due, at least in part, to low fdelity of DNA damage repair. -
FORMATO PDF Ranking Instituciones No Acadã©Micas Por Sub Ã
Ranking Instituciones No Académicas por sub área OCDE 2020 3. Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud > 3.02 Medicina Clínica PAÍS INSTITUCIÓN RANKING PUNTAJE USA VA Boston Healthcare System 1 5,000 FRANCE Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP) 2 5,000 USA UTMD Anderson Cancer Center 3 5,000 USA Mayo Clinic 4 5,000 USA Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 5 5,000 USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 6 5,000 USA Massachusetts General Hospital 7 5,000 FRANCE Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) 8 5,000 USA National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA 9 5,000 FRANCE UNICANCER 10 5,000 USA Harvard School of Dental Medicine 11 5,000 CANADA University Health Network Toronto 12 5,000 USA Cleveland Clinic Foundation 13 5,000 USA Johns Hopkins Medicine 14 5,000 FRANCE Gustave Roussy 15 5,000 NETHERLANDS Erasmus University Medical Center 16 5,000 GERMANY Helmholtz Association 17 5,000 NETHERLANDS Academic Medical Center Amsterdam 18 5,000 SPAIN CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red 19 5,000 USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 20 5,000 SWITZERLAND Roche Holding 21 5,000 CANADA Princess Margaret Cancer Centre 22 5,000 USA H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute 23 5,000 SPAIN Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron 24 5,000 BELGIUM University Hospital Leuven 25 5,000 USA NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) 26 5,000 SPAIN Hospital Clinic de Barcelona 27 5,000 USA Bristol-Myers Squibb 28 5,000 USA Merck & Company 29 5,000 UNITED KINGDOM Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 30 5,000 SOUTH KOREA Seoul National University -
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Nat Genet
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Nat Genet. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 October 01. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Nat Genet. 2013 April ; 45(4): 371–384e2. doi:10.1038/ng.2566. Multiple independent variants at the TERT locus are associated with telomere length and risks of breast and ovarian cancer Stig E Bojesen1,2,*, Karen A Pooley3,*, Sharon E Johnatty4,*, Jonathan Beesley4,*, Kyriaki Michailidou3,*, Jonathan P Tyrer5,*, Stacey L Edwards6, Hilda A Pickett7,8, Howard C Shen9, Chanel E Smart10, Kristine M Hillman6, Phuong L Mai11, Kate Lawrenson9, Michael D Stutz7,8, Yi Lu4, Rod Karevan9, Nicholas Woods12, Rebecca L Johnston10, Juliet D French6, Xiaoqing Chen4, Maren Weischer1,2, Sune F Nielsen1,2, Melanie J Maranian5, Maya Ghoussaini5, Shahana Ahmed5, Caroline Baynes5, Manjeet K Bolla3, Qin Wang3, Joe Dennis3, Lesley McGuffog3, Daniel Barrowdale3, Andrew Lee3, Sue Healey4, Michael Lush3, Daniel C Tessier13,14, Daniel Vincent13,14, Françis Bacot13,14, Study Group members15, Ignace Vergote16,17, Sandrina Lambrechts16,17, Evelyn Despierre16,17, Harvey A Risch18, Anna González-Neira19, Mary Anne Rossing20,21, Guillermo Pita19, Jennifer A Doherty22, Nuria Álvarez19, Melissa C Larson23, Brooke L Fridley23, Nils Schoof24, Jenny Chang- Claude25, Mine S Cicek26, Julian Peto27, Kimberly R Kalli28, Annegien Broeks29, Sebastian M Armasu23, Marjanka K Schmidt29,30, Linde M Braaf29, Boris Winterhoff31, Heli Nevanlinna32, Gottfried E Konecny33, Diether Lambrechts34,35, -
Balcomk41251.Pdf (558.9Kb)
Copyright by Karen Suzanne Balcom 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Karen Suzanne Balcom Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine Committee: E. Glynn Harmon, Supervisor Julie Hallmark Billie Grace Herring James D. Legler Brooke E. Sheldon Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine by Karen Suzanne Balcom, B.A., M.L.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2005 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my first teachers: my father, George Sheldon Balcom, who passed away before this task was begun, and to my mother, Marian Dyer Balcom, who passed away before it was completed. I also dedicate it to my dissertation committee members: Drs. Billie Grace Herring, Brooke Sheldon, Julie Hallmark and to my supervisor, Dr. Glynn Harmon. They were all teachers, mentors, and friends who lifted me up when I was down. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee: Julie Hallmark, Billie Grace Herring, Jim Legler, M.D., Brooke E. Sheldon, and Glynn Harmon for their encouragement, patience and support during the nine years that this investigation was a work in progress. I could not have had a better committee. They are my enduring friends and I hope I prove worthy of the faith they have always showed in me. I am grateful to Dr. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Stabilisation of hepatocyte phenotype using synthetic materials Baltasar Lucendo Villarin MRes University of Edinburgh 2015 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Declaration This thesis is the result of my work and includes nothing that is the outcome of work done in collaboration, except where indicated in the text. The work in this thesis has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Baltasar Lucendo Villarin i ii Abstract Primary human hepatocytes are a scare resource with limited lifespan and variable function which diminishes with time in culture. As a consequence, their use in tissue modelling and therapy is restricted. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) could provide a stable source of human tissue due to their self-renewal properties and their ability to give rise to all the cell types of the human body. -
I REGENERATIVE MEDICINE APPROACHES to SPINAL CORD
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE APPROACHES TO SPINAL CORD INJURY A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Ashley Elizabeth Mohrman March 2017 i ABSTRACT Hundreds of thousands of people suffer from spinal cord injuries in the U.S.A. alone, with very few patients ever experiencing complete recovery. Complexity of the tissue and inflammatory response contribute to this lack of recovery, as the proper function of the central nervous system relies on its highly specific structural and spatial organization. The overall goal of this dissertation project is to study the central nervous system in the healthy and injured state so as to devise appropriate strategies to recover tissue homeostasis, and ultimately function, from an injured state. A specific spinal cord injury model, syringomyelia, was studied; this condition presents as a fluid filled cyst within the spinal cord. Molecular evaluation at three and six weeks post-injury revealed a large inflammatory response including leukocyte invasion, losses in neuronal transmission and signaling, and upregulation in important osmoregulators. These included osmotic stress regulating metabolites betaine and taurine, as well as the betaine/GABA transporter (BGT-1), potassium chloride transporter (KCC4), and water transporter aquaporin 1 (AQP1). To study cellular behavior in native tissue, adult neural stem cells from the subventricular niche were differentiated in vitro. These cells were tested under various culture conditions for cell phenotype preferences. A mostly pure (>80%) population of neural stem cells could be specified using soft, hydrogel substrates with a laminin coating and interferon-γ supplementation. -
Timeline of Immunology
TIMELINE OF IMMUNOLOGY 1549 – The earliest account of inoculation of smallpox (variolation) occurs in Wan Quan's (1499–1582) 1718 – Smallpox inoculation in Ottoman Empire realized by West. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, the wife of the British ambassador to Constantinople, observed the positive effects of variolation on the native population and had the technique performed on her own children. 1796 – First demonstration of smallpox vaccination (Edward Jenner) 1837 – Description of the role of microbes in putrefaction and fermentation (Theodore Schwann) 1838 – Confirmation of the role of yeast in fermentation of sugar to alcohol (Charles Cagniard-Latour) 1840 – Proposal of the germ theory of disease (Jakob Henle) 1850 – Demonstration of the contagious nature of puerperal fever (childbed fever) (Ignaz Semmelweis) 1857–1870 – Confirmation of the role of microbes in fermentation (Louis Pasteur) 1862 – Phagocytosis (Ernst Haeckel) 1867 – Aseptic practice in surgery using carbolic acid (Joseph Lister) 1876 – Demonstration that microbes can cause disease-anthrax (Robert Koch) 1877 – Mast cells (Paul Ehrlich) 1878 – Confirmation and popularization of the germ theory of disease (Louis Pasteur) 1880 – 1881 -Theory that bacterial virulence could be attenuated by culture in vitro and used as vaccines. Proposed that live attenuated microbes produced immunity by depleting host of vital trace nutrients. Used to make chicken cholera and anthrax "vaccines" (Louis Pasteur) 1883 – 1905 – Cellular theory of immunity via phagocytosis by macrophages and microphages (polymorhonuclear leukocytes) (Elie Metchnikoff) 1885 – Introduction of concept of a "therapeutic vaccination". Report of a live "attenuated" vaccine for rabies (Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux). 1888 – Identification of bacterial toxins (diphtheria bacillus) (Pierre Roux and Alexandre Yersin) 1888 – Bactericidal action of blood (George Nuttall) 1890 – Demonstration of antibody activity against diphtheria and tetanus toxins. -
Application of Fibrin-Based Hydrogels for Nerve Protection And
Yu et al. Journal of Biological Engineering (2020) 14:22 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-020-00244-3 REVIEW Open Access Application of fibrin-based hydrogels for nerve protection and regeneration after spinal cord injury Ziyuan Yu, Hongru Li, Peng Xia, Weijian Kong, Yuxin Chang, Chuan Fu, Kai Wang, Xiaoyu Yang* and Zhiping Qi* Abstract Traffic accidents, falls, and many other events may cause traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs), resulting in nerve cells and extracellular matrix loss in the spinal cord, along with blood loss, inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and others. The continuous development of neural tissue engineering has attracted increasing attention on the application of fibrin hydrogels in repairing SCIs. Except for excellent biocompatibility, flexibility, and plasticity, fibrin, a component of extracellular matrix (ECM), can be equipped with cells, ECM protein, and various growth factors to promote damage repair. This review will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of fibrin hydrogels from different sources, as well as the various modifications for internal topographical guidance during the polymerization. From the perspective of further improvement of cell function before and after the delivery of stem cell, cytokine, and drug, this review will also evaluate the application of fibrin hydrogels as a carrier to the therapy of nerve repair and regeneration, to mirror the recent development tendency and challenge. Keywords: Fibrin hydrogels, Spinal cord injury, Topographical guidance, Stem cells delivery, Cytokines delivery, Drug delivery Introduction secondary death of remaining nerves or to enhance the The spinal cord is an integral part of the central nervous compensation of spared circuits function [4–7]. -
What Are IPS Cells? Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center University of Wisconsin-Madison
What are IPS cells? Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center University of Wisconsin-Madison n induced pluripotent stem cell, or IPS cell, How do we know induced pluripotent stem is a stem cell that has been created from an cells can match embryonic stem cells? So adult cell such as a skin, liver, stomach or far, induced pluripotent stem cells appear to Aother mature cell through the introduction of genes exhibit the same key features of embryonic that reprogram the cell and transform it into a cell stem cells: the ability to differentiate from a that has all the characteristics of an embryonic stem blank-slate state to any of the 220 types of cell. The term pluripotent connotes the ability of a cells in the human body, and the ability to cell to give rise to multiple cell types, including all reproduce indefinitely in culture. Because in- three embryonic lineages forming the body’s or- duced stem cells are relatively new, however, gans, nervous system, skin, muscle and skeleton. scientists must compare the cells to those obtained from embryos to assess their charac- What are the advantages of induced pluripotent teristics in detail and ensure that there are no stem cells? significant differences. Bioethics: Induced stem cells have the obvious edge Do induced pluripotent stem cells mean of not having to be derived from human embryos, we no longer need embryonic stem cells? a major ethical consideration. The ability to re- No. It remains to be seen whether repro- program an adult cell to behave like an embryonic grammed cells differ in significant ways from stem cell may also enable scientists to sidestep embryonic stem cells. -
Stem Cells: the Secret to Change | Science News for Kids
Stem cells: The secret to change | Science News for Kids http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/2013/04/stem-cells-the-secret-to-change/ SNK E-Blast Sign-up Privacy Policy Contact Us AA BB OO UU TT SS NN KK CC OO MM PP EE TT EE Who We Are Broadcom MASTERS For Educators Our Sponsors Intel ISEF SSP News & Events Intel STS EXPLORE: ATOMS & FORCES EARTH & SKY HUMANS & HEALTH LIFE TECH & MATH EXTRA SEARCH FOR: HUMANS & HEALTH : BODY & HEALTH Stem cells: The secret to change Unusual, versatile cells hold the key to regrowing lost tissues By Alison Pearce Stevens / April 10, 2013 Related Links Deadly new virus emerges The AIDS virus that vanished Bad for breathing Sleeping in space Going Deeper P. B arry. “Stem cells, show your face.” Science News. August 24, 2008. Neurons created from induced stem cells in Iqbal Ahmad’s lab glow red with fluorescent dye. The neuroscientist at the University of Nebraska Medical Center is researching whether the nerve cells could one day help restore sight to patients S. Ornes. “The 2012 Nobel Prizes.” Science with glaucoma. Once injected in a patient, the nerve cells would work by inserting themselves between the retina and optic News for Kids. Oct. 19, 2012. nerve, restoring signals to the brain. Credit: Courtesy of Iqbal Ahmad Inside your body, red blood cells are constantly on the move. They deliver oxygen to every tissue in every E. Sohn. “From stem cell to any cell.” Science part of your body. These blood cells also cart away waste. So their work is crucial to your survival. -
Journal of Immunodeficiency & Disorders
Kobayashi, J Immunodefic Disor 2012, 1:1 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-853X.1000e102 Journal of Immunodeficiency & Disorders Editorial a SciTechnol journal MHC class II genes [5]. Interestingly, CIITA can activate not only NLRC5/CITA: A Novel the promoters of MHC class II genes but also of MHC class I genes at least in in vitro experiments [6-10]. However, mutations in the CIITA Regulator of Class I Major gene in human BLS patients and deficiency of CIITA in mice did not show any reduction of MHC class I [2,11-14]. This led to the obvious Histocompatibility Complex assumption that a similar unknown transactivator should exist for the Genes regulation of expression of MHC class I genes. Koichi S. Kobayashi1* Seventeen years after the discovery of CIITA, the MHC class I transactivator was identified. Similar to CIITA, it is a member of In 1936, Peter Gorer reported one of the most significant work NLR (nucleotide binding domain-leucine rich repeats containing) in the history of immunology; the first identification of alloantigen family of proteins, called NLRC5 [15,16]. NLRC5 has unusually long using serum from immunized rabbits and his own blood [1]. This led leucine-rich repeats and its N-terminal structure was different from to the discovery of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) that of CIITA [16,17]. Because of this, these two proteins look very different at first sight. However, upon detailed phylogenetic analysis by his coworker, George Snell at the Jackson Laboratories. After of the nucleotide binding domain, it became clear that NLRC5 is the three quarters of a century, this year, 5 laboratories independently most closely related to CIITA among all NLR proteins [15,18].