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Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae) Zootaxa 3731 (4): 495–519 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3731.4.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2066C0D1-2ED6-41EB-AF3C-3DAB58EA1718 Taxonomy of the Oriental genus Bolbochromus: a generic overview and descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae) JAN KRIKKEN1 & CHUN-LIN LI2, 3 1Naturalis Biodiversity Center / National Museum of Natural History, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. 2The Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nantou 557, Taiwan, Republic of China. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 3Co-corresponding author Abstract A taxonomic overview of the essentially Oriental genus Bolbochromus Boucomont, 1909 is given. Two new southeast Asian subgenera are proposed: Metabolbochromus (type species Scarabaeus sulcicollis Wiedemann, 1819), characterised by unique male genitalia (lacking separated parameres), and Bolbochromops (type species Bolboceras ludekingi Lansberge, 1886), with a distinctly two-horned head (but with separated parameres). The remaining known Bolbochromus, apparently all with a distinct pair of parameres and a distinct frontovertexal protrusion only, are left in the nominotypical subgenus, awaiting a reappraisal of the poorly sampled continental fauna. Four new species are described and compared with close relatives, all in the nominotypical subgenus: Bolbochromus (Bolbochromus) dumogensis (Sulawesi), B. (Bolbochromus) mindanaicus (Philippines), B. (Bolbochromus) pumilus (south India), and B. (Bolbochromus) sinensis (south China). Identity of type species of Bolbochromus to be established (type of Bolboceras laetus Westwood, 1852 not found, and type locality Ceylon doubtful). All named Bolbochromus taxa are listed and characterised (some of them tentatively) in a synoptic table. The southeast Asian island taxa are all keyed and diagnosed, along with notes on variation, range extensions, taxon ranking, and illustrations. Key words: Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolbochromus, key, genus description, new subgenera, new species, Oriental Region Introduction For almost a century the genus Bolbochromus Boucomont, 1909 has barely been mentioned, but lately there has been a modest surge of papers, i.e., Li et al. (2008), Ochi et al. (2010), Ochi et al. (2011), Keith (2012), and Li et al. (2013). The genus ranges throughout the Oriental Region (north to the Ryukyu Islands), now comprising 19 named species (12 described before 1915, one in 1984, six during the past few years, see list below). In this paper, four new species are added. Li et al. (2013) just published a review of Bolbochromus focusing on continental southeast Asia; here the emphasis is on the Bolbochromus of the southeast Asian islands. Really informative material remains hard to come by, and is particularly wanting from large tracts of continental south Asia. Without informative series of specimens, populational and individual variation, in several Bolbochromus species particularly obvious in their dorsal colour patterns, is difficult to interpret taxonomically. This applies to ranking (like species versus subspecies), and to the recognition of any parallelisms in similar patterns between different species. Note also that some species seem to have a very limited distribution (like B. dumogensis new species from Sulawesi). Additionally, the genus as currently conceived appears internally heterogeneous, i.e., in a way justifying formal supraspecific clustering of at least some of the species. Differences in the basic structure of the male genitalia and in the configuration of certain forebody details support the recognition of new subgenera in the southeast Asian islands, where the genus ranges east to Mindanao, Sulawesi and the Lesser Sundas. Although an overview of the total set of Bolbochromus-like taxa is given in this paper, the focus is here indeed on the identification of the southeast Asian island fauna (by way of a key, species diagnoses, and illustrations). The new subgenera are diagnosed, and two new island species are described. As implied above, the continental fauna Accepted by Andrew B.T. Smith: 2 Oct. 2013; published: 1 Nov. 2013 495 Acknowledgements The former and present owners and curatorial staff of the collection material used in preparing this overview are sincerely thanked for their patient collaboration (see list of collections under Material and methods). Some specimens stem from the field work of colleagues, including J. Huijbregts (The Netherlands) and A. J. Davis (United Kingdom). The new Sulawesi species was collected during Project Wallace 1985 of the Royal Entomological Society of London and the first author is grateful to the sponsors and organisers. Our colleague A.B.T. Smith (CMNC) kindly looked at the final draft of this paper. References cited Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A.E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Lawrence, J.F., Lyal, C.H.C., Newton, A.F., Reid, C.A.M., Schmitt, M., Ślipiński, S.A. & Smith, A.B.T. (2011) Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys, 88, 1–972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807 Boucomont, A. (1909) Notes sur quelques sous-genres de Bolboceras (Col.) et description d’un sous-genere nouveau. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1909, 116–118. Boucomont, A. (1912) Scarabaeidae: Taurocerastinae, Geotrupinae. Coleopterorum Catalogus, 46, 1–47. Boucomont, A. (1914) Les coprophages de l’Archipel Malais. 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Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 101, 474–490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[474:ROTTBS]2.0.CO;2 Li, C.-L., Yang, P.-S., Krikken, J. & Wang, C.-C. (2013) Three new species of Bolbochromus Boucomont (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae) from Southeast Asia. ZooKeys, 290, 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.290.4696 Masumoto, K. (1984) New coprophagous Lamellicornia from Japan and Formosa. Entomological Review of Japan, 39, 167– 173. Nikolajev, G.V. (1970) [Taxonomic position of groups included in the subfamily Geotrupinae (Col., Scarabaeidae)]. Materials of the Second Scientific Session of Young Specialists and PhD Candidates (Thesis of Lectures), Kazakhstan, 31–34. [in Russian] Ochi, T., Kon, M. & Kawahara, M. (2010) A new species of Bolbochromus from the Philippines (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Kogane, 11, 97–99. Ochi, T., Kon, M. & Kawahara, M. (2011) Four new taxa of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) from southeast Asia. Special Publications Japanese. 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