Conogethes Punctiferalis Guen.), Castor Hairy Caterpillar (Euproctis Lunata Wlk.) and Castor Semilooper (Achaea Janata L.) (Vora Et Al., 1984) [15]

Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(6): 925-929 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 www.entomoljournal.com Bioecology of castor capsul borer (Conogethes JEZS 2020; 8(6): 925-929 punctiferalis © 2020 JEZS Guen.), in South West Haryana Received: 16-08-2020 Accepted: 02-10-2020 Shivakumar K, Ram Karan Gaur and Sunita Yadav Shivakumar K Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Abstract Regional Research Station, Castor (Ricinus communis L) is one of the ancient oilseed crops grown in India. The castor capsule borer Bawal, Rewari, Haryana, India C. punctiferalis, (Guen.), recorded as most important pest of castor because it influence the quality as well as quantity of the seeds by feeding upon the castor capsules and destroying the internal seed. The Ram Karan Gaur egg of castor capsule borer was found singly or in groups of 4 to 7 on the inflorescence and surface of Chaudhary Charan Singh capsules. The incubation period varied from 4.0 to 5.0 days in different generations. The caterpillar Haryana Agricultural University moulted four times before pupation leading to five larval instars. The total larval period ranged from Regional Research Station, 15.0-20.0 days with an average of 17.5±2.07 days. The temperature ranged from 29.7 to 36.7 oC and Bawal, Rewari, Haryana, India relative humidity 71.0 to 85.0 percent during the larval period. The pupal period ranged from 9.0 to 11.0 days (mean 10.25±1.00 days). The male moth was smaller than female, male survived for 5.0 to 6.0 days Sunita Yadav and female survived for 6.0 to 7.0 days. The sex ratio of male and female was 1:1.2 in field conditions. Chaudhary Charan Singh The duration of life cycle in case of male was 34.00 to 73.00 days and in case of female 35.0 to 76.0 days Haryana Agricultural University in different generations. Regional Research Station, Bawal, Rewari, Haryana, India Keywords: Capsule, inflorescence, incubation, generations, sex ratio Introduction Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oilseed crop, which belongs to family Euphorbiaceae and locally known as arandi. Castor oil is used for deriving a number of industrial products viz. dye, detergents, plastic, printing ink, ointment, polishes, surface paints, adhesives, lubricants and hydraulic fluids. In Haryana, particularly in south-west region, farmers are growing castor as an alternative crop of mustard and cotton to overcome the problem of losses caused by stem rot disease in mustard and whitefly damage in cotton, respectively. More than 107 species of insects and six species of mites are recorded on castor at different [8] phonological stages (Lakshminarayana and Raoof, 2005) . The most important pests are castor shoot and capsule borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.), castor hairy caterpillar (Euproctis lunata Wlk.) and castor semilooper (Achaea janata L.) (Vora et al., 1984) [15]. The castor capsule borer is probably the most important pest of castor because it directly reduces the yield and quality of the seeds by feeding upon the castor capsules and destroying the [9] internal seed (Patel and Gangrade, 1971) . Larvae of this moth are typically polyphagous, attacking more than 120 wild and cultivated plants (Sekiguchi, 1974 [12], Thyagaraj et al., 2003 [13]). Yield loss of 19.0 to 85.0 per cent has been reported in castor due to semilooper and capsule borer (Singh et al., 1992) [10]. Gaur (2014) [6] reported that insect pests viz. castor semilooper (Acanthodelta janata L), castor hairy caterpillar (Euproctis lunata Walker), castor capsule borer (Dichocrosis punctiferalis Guenee) and leaf hopper (Empoasca flavescens Fabr) were recorded as major pests of castor in south west Haryana during 2012 and 2013.Gaur and Deswal (2014) [5] reported 4.0 to 9.0 percent fruit infestation in guava crop by this pest in south-west Haryana. Materials and Methods Studies on the “Bioecology of castor capsule-borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee Corresponding Author: (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)” were carried out during 2015-16. in laboratory of Chaudhary Charan Sunita Yadav Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal, district Rewari. Chaudhary Charan Singh 0 0 Haryana Agricultural University Bawal is located in Rewari district at 28 08’ N latitude and 76 58’ E longitude with an Regional Research Station, altitude of 245 meters above MSL. The insect culture was raised by collecting various larval Bawal, Rewari, Haryana, India stages from the stray castor plant as well as from guava fruits. ~ 925 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies http://www.entomoljournal.com The infested fruits of guava and capsules of castor were variation in fecundity can be attributed to different rearing placed in glass jar having castor capsules. The adults formed conditions during the period of investigations. The results in from these larvae were released in glass chimneys (10 cm dia, relation to the egg hatchability of C. punctiferalis are in and 30 cm h) for mating and oviposition. Newly hatched agreement with earlier workers Doddabasappa et al., (2014) larvae were reared on fresh capsules in glass jar of (15 cm dia, [3] who reported hatchability from 72.80 to 88.55 percent on 21 cm h). These jars were covered with muslin cloth. Fresh castor. capsules were provided as feed when old ones dried or eaten During its larval period, the caterpillar moulted four times by the larvae. After pupation, pupae were transferred to before pupation leading to five larval instars. The width of specimen tubes (10.2 cm×2.5 cm) separately for adult head capsule of consecutive larval instars was 0.32 to 0.41 emergence which were used for further studies. Observations mm (mean 0.36±0.04 mm), 0.48 to 0.54 mm (mean 0.51±0.05 on the development of various stages of the insect were mm), 0.68 to 0.77 mm (mean 0.74±0.04 mm), 1.05 to 1.14 recorded daily. The various biological parameters of C. mm (mean 1.10±0.09 mm) and 1.60 to 1.70 mm (mean punctiferalis were studied under the laboratory conditions on 1.65±0.09 mm). According to Dyar’s law, head width castor (DCH-177) shoot and capsules from August 2015 to increased in a regular progression in successive instars by 1.4 May 2016. The food for larvae was obtained from the same times. The ratio of measurements of head capsule for the II to hybrid of castor, which was sown in the research area of I, III to II, IV to III and V to IV were 1.42, 1.45, 1.48 and Regional Research Station, Bawal. Ten pairs (10 male and 10 1.51, respectively (Table 2). The results in relation to the female) of freshly emerged adults were released into glass number of instars of C. punctiferalis are in agreement with chimneys (10 cm dia, and 30 cm h) for mating and oviposition earlier workers (Patel and Gangarde, 1971[9], Ganesha et al., in the laboratory. The glass chimneys were provided with 2013[4] and Umbarkar and Patel, 2014 [14]) who recorded five castor inflorescence and immature capsules held in a vial instars in C. punctiferalis larvae. First instar larva was light containing water. Observations on pre ovipositional, brown in colour with light brown mouth parts and head oviposition, post oviposition period and fecundity/female capsule. The full grown first instar larva measured from 1.20 were made on ten pairs of newly emerged male and female to 1.80 mm with an average of 1.56±0.15 mm in length and adults. As C. punctiferalis larva is an internal borer, it is 0.20 to 0.25 mm with an average of 0.23±0.03 mm in breadth. difficult to find exuviae so, Dyar’s law was used to find out The first larval instar lasted for 2.0-3.0 days with an average the moulting. In this manner numbers of larval instars were of 2.3±0.48 days. The second instar larva was light brown recorded. The grown up larvae were allowed to pupate in the with dark brown mouth parts and head capsule. The second specimen tube (10.2 cm×2.5 cm). The total larval and pupal instar ranged from 3.80-5.10 mm (mean 4.69±0.4 mm) in durations were also recorded. Insect larvae were killed in hot length and 0.70-0.95 mm (0.83 ± 0.04 mm) in breadth. The water and preserved in 70 percent alcohol for recording body second larval instar lasted for 2.0-3.0 days with an average of measurements. 2.5±0.53 days (Table 3). The later three instars of the castor capsule borer were light brown with dark brown head capsule Results and Discussion and mouth parts. The sclerites of the body were black in The freshly laid eggs of castor capsule-borer C. colour and distinctly visible. The larvae hang on with a fine punctiferalis,(Guen.) were pale whitish in appearance and silken thread when disturbed. The third instar ranged from turned reddish prior to hatching. The eggs were round, oval in 7.30-9.40 mm (mean 8.33±0.78 mm) in length and 1.35-1.80 shape and firmly glued to the surface of the castor capsules. mm (1.63±0.20 mm) in breadth (Table 1). The third larval The eggs were found singly or in groups of 4 to 7 on the instar lasted for 3.0-4.0 days with an average of 3.4±0.58 inflorescence and surface of capsules.

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