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The Habits of the Aculeate Hymenoptera. III Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU An Bee Lab 1-12-1894 The Habits of the Aculeate Hymenoptera. III William H. Ashmead Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_an Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Ashmead, William H., "The Habits of the Aculeate Hymenoptera. III" (1894). An. Paper 59. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_an/59 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Bee Lab at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in An by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PSYCHE. THE HABITS OF THE.ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA.-III. BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. Family V. MELLINIDAE. This to 'vValckenaer, forms its nest in foot family (if we can call it a family) is paths, and other situations exposed to represented in our fauna by one genus the sun, to the depth of five inches, but with three species, and as these are in a tortuous direction, provisioning exceedingly rare, no observations on any them with different species of Halictus, of them have been made. Westwood, four being requisite for the food supply however, ha_s observed the European of one larva. 11//elli'mts arvensis burrowing in sand­ In the Trans. ent. soc. Lond. i, p. banks, and Shuckard states the species 203, Westwood gives an interesting preys upon Diptera. Kirby and Spence account of the habits of Cerceri's also say it selects the smaller flies, arenari'us Linn. which forms a burrow including the troublesome Stomoxys in the sand and provisions it with a caldtrans. species of Cuculionid ( Strophosomus) Famz'ly VI. MrMESIDAE. In this which it carries in flight by means of family we have 1 7 described species, its four fore legs, its hind legs being distributed in two genera; the habits of extended. Other short-snouted weevils none of them seem to be known. are also employed, such as Pachygas­ According to Shuckard, the species ter picipes, rancztss, etc. According belonging to the genus Psen Latr. to Latreille, Cerceris aztrz'ta employs nidificate in sand; whereas, those of Lz'xzts ascanu and other weevils. iWhnesa Shuck., according to West­ Westwood also mentions a cocoon of wood, appear to be wood-burrowers one of these species covered with and provision their cells with the larvae clebris of a multitude of a species of of different species of Homopterous Chrysis, which he considered had insects. probably served for food of the larva of Family VII. PHILANTHIDAE. This one of these insects; while Packard, in family is well represented in our fauna, his Guide, states that "Dufour unearthed by no less than seventy-five species, in a single field thirty nests of C. distributed in four genera. bztpresticida which were filled with 'vVestwood, whom I have drawn upon ten species of Bupre tis, comprising for many of the facts recorded in this four hundred individual , and none of paper, states that the species belonging any other genus; also that C. tuberc1t­ to the genus Cerceris Latr. show lata provisions its nest with Leuco­ considerable diversity in habits. The somus ophthalmz'c1-ts, and C. trz'dncta economy of Ce;cerz's ornata, according with Clythra." 60 PSYCHE. rApril 18<J4. I can find nothing publishell on any The genus Gorytes Latr. seems to American species; but Mr. H. G. Hub­ confine its attacks to Homopterous bard tells me that while a student at the insects belonging to the family Cercep­ Cambridge museum, some years ago, idae. Westwood says:- he observed a species provisioning its cells with the acorn weevil Balaninus In June, 1837, I observed the femaie of Gorytes mystacetts e ngaged nasicus Say; that specimens were given in protruding her legs and sting into a patch of the frothy to Dr. Hagen and will be found in secretion caused by the larva of Aphrophora the Museum collection. From Mr. sjmmaria, without, however, being able to Hubba rd's verbal description I think dislodge the occupant. Subsequently I saw this insect may be Cerceris venator it similarly occupied with a drop of water, Cr. evidently mistaken for the froth, but unsuc­ cessfully; but I shortly afterwards observed it Cerceris fumipennis Say provisions with a larva of this insect, which it carried be­ its cells with Cltrysobothrz"s deutipes, neath its body by the help of its middle legs. according to observations made by Mr. Mr. Shuckard has a lso captured it, as well Hubbard. as his G. Fa,-geii ( = G. campestris St. The genus Ph£lanthus Fabr. preys Farg. ?) with a similar prey. upon bees. Latreille who first dis­ The genus Nysson Latr. is said to covered· the habits of a species in this nest in sand, but its prey has not been " genus ( Hist. nat. fourmis, p. 307) observed. found that Phz"lanthus triangulum Famz"ly IX. B EMBECIDAE. This Fabr. dug burrows in hot sandy situa­ family comprises some of the largest tions and provisions its nest with and most showy of our fossorial wasps, honey-bees; a single bee being suffi­ no less than twenty-four species, dis­ cient food supply for rearing a single tributed in nine genera, being known to wasp. The genus is poorly repre­ occur in the United States. sented in Europe; but in this country The genus Sphccizts D ahlh. com­ we have many described species. prise the giants of the family, which Although so well represented, not a as a boy, were known to me under the single note seems to have been pub­ name of Q.!1een Hornets, and I really lished concerning the habits of any believed them to be Q_u eens of the species. yellow-jackets. Although it has been In the south I have observed Phz"l­ known for years that our largest species, anthus punctatus Say preying upon Sphecius speciosus Drury, formed its Halz"ctus disparalis Cr. and other burrows in the ground and provisioned small Halicti. them with Cicadas, storing them with Family VIII. NvssoNIDAE. Al­ Cz"cada dorsata, C. tibicens and C. though this family is represented in margz"nata, it was not until last year, our fauna by 8 genera and 56 species, in the publication of Dr. C. V. Riley's not a word has been published con­ admirable article entitled "The larger cerning the habits of a single species. digger-wasp" in Insect life, vol. 1v, p. April 18<)4.] PSYCHE. 61 248, that we had any information in Here it will be well to quote from detail of its habits, burrow, and John Bartram's paper "On the yellow development. wasp of Pennsylvania" published in Dr. Riley is justly noted for the 1763 (Phil. trans., vol. 53 (1763), pp. tkoroughness of all of his entomologi­ 37-39), as I believe he has reference to cal work, but in this paper, we have a a Bembecid. He says:- model of just how the biology of our I saw several of these wasps flying about a bees and wasps should be worked out; heap of sandy loam: they settled on it and and r hope others will imitate it in very nibly scratched away the sand with their working up the habits and development fore feet, to find their nests whilst they held a large fly under their wings with one of of other of our bees and wasps. feet; they crept with it into the hole that given In this article Dr. Riley has lead to the nest and staid there about three very thoroughly the entire life history minutes, when they came out. With their of this interesting wasp, illustrating the hind feet, they threw the sand so dexterously same with most beauti.ful figures, the over the hole, as not to be discovered; then more flies, wasp with its prey, a diagram of its taking flight, soon returned with settled down, uncovered the hole, and entered the position of egg attached burrows, with their prey. to the Cicada, the larva, pupa, larva This extraordinary operation raised my forming its cocoon, and the cocoon curiosity to try and find the entrance, but itself. I do not quote from it, as it is the sand fell in so fast that I was pre­ readily accessible and should be read vented, until by repeated essays I was so one. It was six inches in by all to be thoroughly appreciated. lucky as to find the ground, and at the farther end lay ·a no other of our Bern- The habits of lar~e magot, nea rly an inch long, thick as a becids seem to have been worked out in small goose-quill, with several flies near it, detail. In Florida I have observed and the remains of many more. These Monedula carolina preying upon the flies are provided for the magot to feed on large horse-fly Tabanus atratus, so before it changes into the nymph state: then it eats no more until it attains to a troublesome to horses and cattle in the perfect wasp. South. A singular peculiarity of this insect is its ability to fly backwards in It will be seen on reading the account front of a moving horse while watching of the habits of the European B. ros­ the opportunity to suddenly bounce tratrr that this statement of John upon and seize one of these flies. Bartram's, made one hundred and Mr. D. W. Coquillett tells me that twenty-eight years ago, is now con­ while in California he has frequently firmed. obsen·ed Bembex fasciata Fabr. storing The European Bembex 1-ostrata lias its nests with Eristalis tenax, while been ve ry thoroughly worked out by 1\fr.
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