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CLASS ORDER FAMILY SPECIES COMMON NAME ANTS 12 1 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Aphaenogaster rudis Winnow ant 2 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Camponotus nearcticus Smaller carpenter ant 3 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Camponotus pennsylvanicus Black carpenter ant 4 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Formica pallidefulva Red ant 5 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Formica subsericea Silky ant 6 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Lasius interjectus Larger yellow ant 7 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Lasius neoniger Cornfield ant 8 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Myrmica americana 9 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Pheidole bicarinata 10 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Tapinoma sessile Odorous house ant 11 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Temnothorax curvispinosus Acorn ants 12 Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Temnothorax schaumii BUTTERFLIES 32 13 Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Anatrytone logan Delaware skipper 14 Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Ancyloxypha numitor Least skipper 15 Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted skipper 16 Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Erynnis baptisiae Wild indigo duskywing 17 Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Erynnis horatius Horace's duskywing 18 Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Poanes zabulon Zabulon skipper 19 Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Polites themistocles Tawny-edged skipper 20 Insecta Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Celastrina neglecta Summer azure 21 Insecta Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Everes comyntas Eastern tailed blue 22 Insecta Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Lycaena hyllus Bronze copper 23 Insecta Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Strymon melinus Gray hairstreak 24 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Astericampa celtis Hackberry emperor 25 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Chlosyne nycteis Silvery checkerspot 26 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Danaus plexippus Monarch butterfly 27 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Enodia anthedon Northern pearly-eye 28 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Junonia coenia Common buckeye 29 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Leminitis archippus Viceroy butterfly 30 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Leminitis arthemis Red-spotted admiral CLASS ORDER FAMILY SPECIES COMMON NAME 31 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Libytheana carinenta American Snout 32 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Phyciodes tharos Pearl crescent 33 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygonia comma Eastern comma 34 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygonia interrogationis Question mark 35 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Speyeria cybele Great Spangled Fritillary 36 Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Vanessa atlanta Red admiral 37 Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionidae Battus philenor Pipevine Swallowtail 38 Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papilio cresphones Giant swallowtail 39 Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papilio glaucus Eastern tiger swallowtail 40 Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papilio polyxenes Black swallowtail 41 Insecta Lepidoptera Pieridae Colias eurytheme Orange sulphur 42 Insecta Lepidoptera Pieridae Colias philodice Clouded sulphur 43 Insecta Lepidoptera Pieridae Pieris rapae Cabbage white 44 Insecta Lepidoptera Pieridae Pyrisitia lisa Little Yellow DRAGONFLIES and DAMSELFLIES 17 45 Insecta Odonata Aeshnidae Anax junius Common green darner 46 Insecta Odonata Coenagrionidae Enallagma civile Familiar bluet damselfly 47 Insecta Odonata Coenagrionidae Enallagma geminatum Skimming bluet 48 Insecta Odonata Coenagrionidae Enallagma signatum Orange Bluet 49 Insecta Odonata Coenagrionidae Enallagma vesperum Vesper bluet 50 Insecta Odonata Corduliidae Epitheca princeps Prince baskettail 51 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Celithemis eponina Halloween pennant 52 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Erythmis simpliciolis Eastern pondhawk 53 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Ischnura posita Fragile Forktail 54 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Ischnura verticalis Eastern Forktail 55 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Libellula luctuosa Widow skimmer 56 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Libellula pulchella Twelve-spotted skimmer 57 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Pachydiplax longipennis Blue dasher 58 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Pantala flacescens Wandering glider 59 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Perithemis tenera Eastern amberwing 60 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Plathemis lydia Common whitetail 61 Insecta Odonata Libellulidae Tramea lacerata Black saddlebags BEETLES 26 62 Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae Agonum extensicolle 63 Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae Cicindela punctulata Punctured Tiger Beetle 64 Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae Cicindela sexguttata Six spotted Tiger Beetle 65 Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae Harpalus sp. Ground beetle 66 Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae Lebia viridis Green ground beetle 67 Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Astyleiopus variegatus 68 Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Leptostylopsis planidosus Longhorn beetle CLASS ORDER FAMILY SPECIES COMMON NAME 69 Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Neandra brunnea Post borer beetle 70 Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Diabrotica barberi Northern corn borer 71 Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Diabrotica undecimpunctata Spotted Cucumber Beetle 72 Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Labidomera clivicollis Swamp milkweed beetle 73 Insecta Coleoptera Coccinellidae Harmonia axyridis Asian Lady beetle 74 Insecta Coleoptera Dytiscidae Agabus spp. Predaceous diving beetle 75 Insecta Coleoptera Elateridae Melanotus sp. Click beetle 76 Insecta Coleoptera Lampyridae Photinus pyralis Big dipper lightning bug 77 Insecta Coleoptera Meloidae Epicauta atrata Blister beetle 78 Insecta Coleoptera Meloidae Epicauta funebris Margined Blister Beetle 79 Insecta Coleoptera Meloidae Epicauta vittata Striped blister beetle 80 Insecta Coleoptera Meloidae Zonitis bilineata 81 Insecta Coleoptera Passalidae Odontotaenius disjunctus Horned Passalus Beetle 82 Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Diplotaxis sp. 83 Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Popillia japonica Japanese Beetle 84 Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Serica sp. 85 Insecta Coleoptera Staphylinidae Staphylinus vioaceus Rove beetle 86 Insecta Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Bolitophagus corticola Bumpy red darkling beetle 87 Insecta Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Merinus laevis Wall beetle BEES and WASPS 43 88 Insecta Hymenoptera Andrenidae Andrena rudbeckiae Coneflower Miner 89 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Agapostemon sp Sweat bee 90 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Apis mellifera Western Honey Bee 91 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus affinis Rusty-patched bumblebee 92 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus auricomus Black-and-gold Bumble Bee 93 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus griseocollis Brown-belted Bumble Bee Common Eastern Bumble 94 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus impatiens Bee Two-spotted Long-horned 95 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Melissodes bimaculatus Bee 96 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Ptilothrix bombiformis Hibiscus Bee 97 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Svastra obliqua Epimelissodes bee 98 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Triepeolus distinctus Cuckoo bee 99 Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Xylocopa virginica Eastern Carpenter Bee 100 Insecta Hymenoptera Chrysopidae Green lacewing 101 Insecta Hymenoptera Colletidae Hyleaus sp. Hyleaus bee 102 Insecta Hymenoptera Corydalidae Chauliodes sp. Fish fly 103 Insecta Hymenoptera Crabronidae Bembix americana American sand wasp 104 Insecta Hymenoptera Crabronidae Bembix americana spinolae American sand wasp 105 Insecta Hymenoptera Crabronidae Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus Stink Bug Hunter 106 Insecta Hymenoptera Crabronidae Philanthus gibbosus Beewolf CLASS ORDER FAMILY SPECIES COMMON NAME 107 Insecta Hymenoptera Crabronidae Tachytes sp. Carbonid wasp 108 Insecta Hymenoptera Halictidae Augochlora pura Halitcus bee 109 Insecta Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus ligatus Ligated Furrow Bee 110 Insecta Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum sp. Lasioglossum bee 111 Insecta Hymenoptera Halictidae Sphecodes sp Sphecodes bee 112 Insecta Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae Encospilus purgatis 113 Insecta Hymenoptera Megachilidae Coelioxys modestus Megachile bee 114 Insecta Hymenoptera Megachilidae Megachile campanulae Bellflower Resin Bee 115 Insecta Hymenoptera Megachilidae Megachile latimanus 116 Insecta Hymenoptera Mutillidae Dasymutilla bioculata 117 Insecta Hymenoptera Mutillidae Dasymutilla scaevola 118 Insecta Hymenoptera Myrmeleontidae Myrmeleon sp. Ant lion 119 Insecta Hymenoptera Scoliidae Scolia bicincta Double-banded Scoliid 120 Insecta Hymenoptera Scoliidae Scolia dubia Scolid wasp 121 Insecta Hymenoptera Sphecidae Eremnophila aureonotata Black and yellow mud 122 Insecta Hymenoptera Sphecidae Sceliphron caementarium dauber 123 Insecta Hymenoptera Sphecidae Sphex ichneumoneus Great Golden Digger Wasp 124 Insecta Hymenoptera Sphecidae Sphex nudus Katydid Wasp 125 Insecta Hymenoptera Sphecidae Sphex pensylvanicus Great Black Wasp 126 Insecta Hymenoptera Thynnidae Myzinum quinquecinctum Myzinum wasp 127 Insecta Hymenoptera Vespidae Monobia quadridens Mason wasp 128 Insecta Hymenoptera Vespidae Polistes fuscatus Dark Paper Wasp 129 Insecta Hymenoptera Vespidae Symmorphus sp. Potter wasp 130 Insecta Hymenoptera Vespidae Vespula maculifrons Eastern Yellowjacket MOTHS 142 131 Insecta Lepidoptera Arctiidae Apantesis phalerata Harnessed tiger moth 132 Insecta Lepidoptera Arctiidae Euchaetes egle Milkweed tussock moth 133 Insecta Lepidoptera Arctiidae Pyrrhiarctia isabella Isabella tiger moth 134 Insecta Lepidoptera Arctiidae Spilosoma virginica Yellow wooly bear 135 Insecta Lepidoptera Attevidae Achrya rantalis Garden webworm 136 Insecta Lepidoptera Attevidae Atteva aurea Ailanthus Webworm Moth 137 Insecta Lepidoptera Attevidae Crocidophora tuberculalis 138 Insecta Lepidoptera Crambidae Desmia funeralis Grape Leaffolder
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  • Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa

    Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa

    SANBI Biodiversity Series 24 Wasps and bees in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2014 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by, or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editing: Alicia Grobler Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication: GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-73-0 Manuscript submitted 2011 Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written per- mission of the copyright owners. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of SANBI.
  • Impacts of Native and Non-Native Plants on Urban Insect Communities: Are Native Plants Better Than Non-Natives?

    Impacts of Native and Non-Native Plants on Urban Insect Communities: Are Native Plants Better Than Non-Natives?

    Impacts of Native and Non-native plants on Urban Insect Communities: Are Native Plants Better than Non-natives? by Carl Scott Clem A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 12, 2015 Key Words: native plants, non-native plants, caterpillars, natural enemies, associational interactions, congeneric plants Copyright 2015 by Carl Scott Clem Approved by David Held, Chair, Associate Professor: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Charles Ray, Research Fellow: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Debbie Folkerts, Assistant Professor: Department of Biological Sciences Robert Boyd, Professor: Department of Biological Sciences Abstract With continued suburban expansion in the southeastern United States, it is increasingly important to understand urbanization and its impacts on sustainability and natural ecosystems. Expansion of suburbia is often coupled with replacement of native plants by alien ornamental plants such as crepe myrtle, Bradford pear, and Japanese maple. Two projects were conducted for this thesis. The purpose of the first project (Chapter 2) was to conduct an analysis of existing larval Lepidoptera and Symphyta hostplant records in the southeastern United States, comparing their species richness on common native and alien woody plants. We found that, in most cases, native plants support more species of eruciform larvae compared to aliens. Alien congener plant species (those in the same genus as native species) supported more species of larvae than alien, non-congeners. Most of the larvae that feed on alien plants are generalist species. However, most of the specialist species feeding on alien plants use congeners of native plants, providing evidence of a spillover, or false spillover, effect.