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Carrot Family SP.Indd

Carrot Family SP.Indd

THE FAMILY Science Page (OR UMBELLIFEREAE) DID YOU KNOW? .usbg.gov Some members of the w The name Umbellifereae comes from the Latin word meaning carrot family, such

ww as wild and “umbrellas.” in the carrot Maybe you family have flowers that look like giant hogweed, can touched wild little umbrellas. burn your skin. With parsnip or giant the help of ultraviolet hogweed a day or light from the sun, Look at my so ago. Your skin chemicals found in the skin! These will stop hurting green , stems, blisters soon, but it may hurt! stay discolored and of these

UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN BOTANIC STATES UNITED for a while. plants can break down skin tissue, make the skin red, and cause blisters.

MEMBERS OF THE CARROT FAMILY There are more than 3,000 species in the carrot family.

dill earth

carrot Som e have strong unique flavors and Many have , stems, smells, and are used or leaves that are used as as and . . Some contain nutrients, such as beta carotene,

that are important in the human parsnip diet.

culantro

/ cilantro

UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN

Others are poisonous. ww

w .usbg.gov poison devil’s dung hemlock giant hogweed

Carrot Family Card Game

DIRECTIONS

.usbg.gov Print each clue and its answer onto a separate card. Print the carrot family cards back-to-back so w each picture is on one side and its description is on the other. Cut out the clue cards and the ww carrot family cards. To make the cards last longer, they may be laminated. Spread out all the carrot family cards with the plant pictures facing up. Shuffle the clue cards and put them face down in a pile. The object of the game is to collect as many carrot family cards as you can. The player with the most cards at the end of the game is the winner. The first player picks a clue card and reads the clue on the card. The player to the right has a chance to pick the correct plant card to answer the question on the clue card. He or she picks up the plant card and reads the back to see if it is the correct card. If it is the correct card, the player

UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN BOTANIC STATES UNITED keeps it. If not, the plant card is replaced, and the clue card goes to the bottom of the clue card pile. Then the player who got a chance to choose a plant card picks the next clue card. Play the game until all the plant cards are gone. Then each player counts his or her plant cards to see who is the winner.

Variation: Each player uses the information on the plant cards to make up questions to try to

stump other players.

CLUE CARDS

Worldwide, the most popular member of the Important crop in Central and South carrot family. America. Answer: carrot Answer: arracacha

Grew around the ancient town of Marathon in The green-stemmed variety of this plant is . popular in the United States, while the Answer: fennel Europeans prefer the yellow-stemmed variety. Answer: celery Dried gum from the root is used as a . Answer: devil’s dung Root that has leaves which can cause a skin rash. Ancient Greeks made a poison drink out of this Answer: parsnip plant to execute prisoners. Answer: poison hemlock In the nineteenth century, candied from this plant were called “ plums.” Once thought to have angelic healing powers. Answer: cilantro/coriander Answer: angelica Invasive weed that causes a skin rash. Used to flavor a liquor known as akavit in Answer: giant hogweed . Answer: caraway Name comes form the Old Norse word meaning

“calm.” UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN One of the most popular flavorings in ancient Answer: dill Roman cooking. Answer: lovage In ancient Rome, used in cakes that were eaten at the end of a meal to aid digestion. Leaves used in funeral ceremonies in ancient Answer: anise Greece. Answer: parsley Popular in for its tough, bulb-like roots, which must be peeled before being eaten. Leaves smell like cilantro, only stronger. Answer: celeriac ww w

Answer: culantro .usbg.gov

Children in used to dig up the roots for a treat on their way to and from school.

Answer: earth chestnut

Carrot Family Cards

CARROT PARSLEY LOVAGE Petroselinum crispum Levisticum officinale

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FAMILY

UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN BOTANIC STATES UNITED CARROT CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY

ARRACACHA CARAWAY ANGELICA xanthorrhiza Carum carvi

CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY

FENNEL DEVIL’S DUNG OR POISON HEMLOCK Foeniculum vulgare ASAFETIDA maculatum Ferula asa-foetida

UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN

ww CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY w .usbg.gov

LOVAGE PARSLEY CARROT Levisticum officinale Petroselinum crispum Daucus carota .usbg.gov In ancient Greece, parsley was Worldwide, are the most

w Lovage was one of the most used in funeral ceremonies and popular member of the Apiaceae ww popular flavorings in ancient in wreaths given to winning family. White carrots are native CARROT FAMILY CARROT Roman cuisine. The roots are FAMILY CARROT athletes. The tangy, sweet- to Europe, red carrots are native FAMILY CARROT used as a vegetable. Powders tasting leaves are used dry, to Central Asia, and yellow and and oils are extracted from the raw, or diced to flavor many purple carrots are native to what roots and used for flavoring. The different dishes. Parsley is an is now . Carrots have celery-flavored leaves and important part of the Middle more beta carotene, from which stalks are used in , , Eastern tabbouleh . The the body makes A, than and stews. Lovage seeds are Japanese deep-fry parsley in any other vegetables. used to flavor candies, cakes and tempura batter. In Belgium and meat dishes. Switzerland parsley is deep- UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN BOTANIC STATES UNITED fried as a side dish for fondu.

Mexicans and Spaniards use parsley in salsa verde. The French add parsley to a and butter eaten with escargots (snails). The English make parsley jelly.

ANGELICA CARAWAY ARRACACHA Angelica archangelica Carum carvi Arracacia xanthorrhiza People once thought that angelica Caraway is a popular Arracacha is an important had angelic healing powers. in Central Europe. It has root crop in South and Central The roots can be boiled and antiflatulent power (this means America. It was first grown in

used as a vegetable. The oils, FAMILY CARROT it counteracts digestive gas!). FAMILY CARROT the Mountains. Over time, FAMILY CARROT extracted from the roots and The spicy seeds and oils growers improved the crop, so seeds, are used to flavor candies are used for flavoring cookies, that today’s varieties have large, and alcoholic drinks like and cakes, cheese, and rye bread. smooth, fleshy roots. One plant . The oils are also used The seeds and oils are also used has four to six carrot size roots. in perfumes and soaps. in candy, meats, pickles, and Its flavor is similar to that of drinks. Caraway-flavored liquor, and carrots. Roots are known as kummel or akavit, is boiled, baked, and fried. They can produced and drunk in Northern be eaten whole, mashed, or made and Scandinavia. into fried chips. Arracacha chips In Tunisia, caraway is used in have crispness, so many people , a fiery paste made of like them more than chips. dried chiles. Arracacha roots also can be

dried and powdered, and used in instant foods, such as soups and baby food. Also used to make an alcoholic drink called “chicha.”

DEVIL’S DUNG OR POISON HEMLOCK FENNEL Conium maculatum ASAFETIDA Foeniculum vulgare Over 2,300 years ago, Greeks Ferula asa-foetida Ancient Greeks called fennel made a drink out of poison Devil’s dung has a strong bitter, “marathon.” This plant grew hemlock to execute prisoners. sharp, stinging odor. Its leaves around the village of Marathon, UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN CARROT FAMILY CARROT FAMILY CARROT Socrates, a famous Greek are used as a potherb. Dried FAMILY CARROT which was the site of a famous philosopher, was judged to be gum from the root is a egetablespowerful .v battle. During the battle, a Greek an enemy of the people. He was seasoning.other yan Itthan is popular A, vitamin in esmak soldier ran from Marathon to sentenced to death and drank a bodysouthern the which from for fl carotene,avoring fish beta Athens. This distance became the more evha Carrots Afghanistan. potion made of and vegetable dishes such as dal length of the Olympic marathon called now is what to enativ are poison hemlock. race. Fennel seeds, flowers, and carrots(name purplefor , and peas,ellowy lentils, and Asia, andal Centrother tolegumes). enativ are Devil carrots’s red leaves have a strong anise flavor. Europe,dung is toused enativ for itsare antiflatulent carrots White Snipped leaves are used as a actionfamily (this this means of member it counteracts popular garnish or to make tea. The bulb- digestivemost the gas!). are carrotsIt is one orldwide of the ,W like stalk can be eaten like celery.

ingredientscarota in Worcestershire Daucus The seeds are used to flavor ww

sauce. CARROT baked goods, cheese, and various w .usbg.gov FAMILY CARROT meat and vegetable dishes. THE OF MEMBERS SOME ABOUT MORE

More Carrot Family Cards GIANT HOGWEED PARSNIP CORIANDER/CILANTRO mantegazzianum sativa Coriandrum

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UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN BOTANIC STATES UNITED CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY

CELERY ANISE DILL graveolens var. dulce Pimpinella anisum Anethum graveolens

CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY

CELERIAC OR ROOT EARTH CHESTNUT CULANTRO CELERY majus foetidum Apium graveolens var. rapaceum

UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY CARROTFAMILY ww w .usbg.gov

CORIANDER/CILANTRO PARSNIP GIANT HOGWEED .usbg.gov Coriandrum sativum Pastinaca sativa The w The cilantro and the seed parsnip is native to Italy. Stone This weed grows up to 4.5-6 m ww coriander come from the same Age people in central Europe (15-20 ft) high, the leaves are up plant. It is native to southern harvested parsnip from the wild. to 1.5 m (5 ft) wide, and the

CARROT FAMILY CARROT flowers are up to 76 cm (2.5 ft) Europe and the Mediterranean. FAMILY CARROT It was common in kitchen FAMILY CARROT It is one of the oldest spices in gardens in Ancient Rome. By the across. It is native to the Caucasus recorded history, and was used as mid-1800s, it was popular in Mountains and southwestern long as 7,000 years ago. Cilantro Europe and the United States. Asia. It was introduced to Europe and as a garden is used in Latin America and Today, parsnip is not so popular curiosity, but it is a very invasive in the U.S., but it is still very southeast Asia to flavor salads, plant. It quickly out-competes , and meats. Coriander is popular in England and , native species by forming a dense used as a spice in European, where the roots are used in soups cover, which shades out other UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN BOTANIC STATES UNITED Indian, and Middle Eastern and stews. The plant exudes a plants. Because it has a weak root dishes. Candied coriander seeds, juice that causes severe skin system, it can lead to erosion when

popular in the 19th century, were rashes on many people. When it grows beside stream banks. It is called “sugar plums.” picking the plant, always wear becoming a health hazard in cities gloves and wash your hands and towns where it is taking over. afterwards. Its sap makes skin more sensitive to the sun. You can develop severe sunburn with a rash and blisters after touching this plant.

DILL ANISE CELERY Apium Anethum graveolens Pimpinella anisum graveolens var. Native to southern Europe and Anise is native to the dulce western Asia, dill has been Mediterranean. In ancient Rome, Celery is popular in North used since 3,000 B.C. Dill seeds a cake called mustaceum was America, where the green-

and leaves were widely used FAMILY CARROT laced with anise. It was served at FAMILY CARROT stemmed variety is used, and FAMILY CARROT in ancient Egypt, Greece, and the end of all major feasts, and in Europe, where the yellow- Rome. The name comes from may have been the first wedding stemmed variety is more popular. the Old Norse word “dilla” cakes. It was not only a sweet The celery capital of the ancient meaning calm. It was used to treat, but also an aid to digestion. world was a city in Sicily called relieve stomach pain from gas in Today, people all over the world Selinunt, meaning “celery city.” babies. Today, the sweet taste enjoy the sweet licorice flavor of Their coins had pictures of celery of dill is popular all over Europe anise leaves. It is used fresh and on them. Celery leaves were used and Asia. In Europe it is mostly dried in salads, soups, and for in ceremonies for the god Linus, used for bread, pickles and fish, garnish. In Scandinavia it is used the creator of music. Until the and in and dressings. in breads and in India in curries. Middle Ages, celery leaves were Fresh dill weed is very popular in Hispanic people use it in stews only used as a medicine. It was Scandinavia, where it is used to and the French use it to flavor not until the 17th century that flavor fish and shellfish. In India carrots people began using celery as a dill seeds are used to flavor lentil vegetable. and dishes.

CULANTRO EARTH CHESTNUT CELERIAC OR ROOT Conopodium majus CELERY

Native to tropical America and This plant has a round, brown Apium graveolens var. the West Indies, culantro smells root that looks and tastes like a rapaceum like cilantro, only stronger. The chestnut. It grows wild in woods UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN Root celery is grown for its bulb-

leaves are used to flavor food in FAMILY CARROT and fields throughout much FAMILY CARROT FAMILY CARROT like, light brown roots instead of Latin America, the Caribbean, of Europe and North Africa. In for its stems or leaves. The root and the Far East. In Latin England, children used to dig is about 10-12 cm (3-4 inches) America, it is added to salsa and them up for a snack on their way in diameter and has a celery-like . In and Malaysia, to and from school. love flavor. It is also called “ chopped culantro is sprinkled on earth , which is why rooted celery” or “knob celery.” It top of soups, noodle dishes, and they are sometimes called “ was first grown in Europe, where curries. nuts.” In Shakespeare’s play The it is still very popular. The root Tempest, Caliban promises, must be peeled, because it is “I prithee, let me bring thee ww very tough. It can be eaten raw,

where crabs grow; w but it is usually cooked in soups and with my long nails I will dig .usbg.gov or stews, or sliced and served thee pig nuts.” with , pepper, and vinegar.

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