University, both in Guatemala City and provincial capitals, provide legal services to independent trade union and peasant or­ ganisations unable to obtain counsel from "conienTs independent lawyers. They also provide legal assistance to the relatives of individuals detained by security forces, but officially denied to be in custody. Most private THE EXPRESS TERMINATES 4 lawyers refuse to accept such cases. KJAH PERRY looks at the decline of Brisbane's throwaway Amnesty International is a human rights A final factor has been the presence of organisation which campaigns for the release many of the nation's leading political figures DUNSTAN WARNS 5 of political prisoners and for the abolition at the university during their careers. Most After tKcoming involved in the nuclear debate while S,A. Premier, of torture and the death penalty. are paduates of USAC, and many have re­ Dunstan is now firmly opposed to nuclear power turned on a part-time basis to teach. The Between January 1st and August 31st, founder of the moderate opposition party RASTAS n 1980, at least one hundred professors, and former mayor of (Guatemala City, Jamaican WINSTON STEWART reports on the movement lecturers, secondary school teachers and Manuel Colon Argueta, for example, students in Guatemala were detained and taught law at the University of San Carlos MORTE BRISBANE 14 murdered, in many cases after torture. In prior to his murder on 22nd March, 1979. PETER STEINHEUER looks at Australia's most boring city addition, the whereabouts of six teachers In a statement issued in April 1980, KIDS IN SCAW SET UP and fifteen students who have been detained representatives of the University of San 20 for varying periods since April 1980 are still Carios expressed the view that "at this The Kiss hysteria is just a publicity stunt. PETER STEINHEUER reports unknown, and the authorities deny re­ moment everything points to a government policy to totally destroy the University of YULETIDE YUMMIES 26 sponsibility for their detention. San Carlos of Guatemala as a centre of Chef TONY RANDELL offers recipes for Christmas treats Although the national University of San democratic and scientific thought." Carlos of Guatemala is by law autonomous Guatemala, you are urged to write letters ACADEMIC RAPE 27 of central government control, since 1966 or send telegrams expressing concern at the LYN TAYLOR reports on the increasing incidence of lecturers granting hundreds of student leaders and teachers murder of students and teachers and asking grades In exchange from the national university have been for clarification of the whereabouts and detained and have "disappeared" or been situation of those who have been detained killed outright. without explanation, to the following SEMPER is a non profit POETRY EDITOR: Annette articles and graphics provided Evidence suggests almost all the de­ addresses: political and cultural magazine Read Semper and the authors are tentions, tortures and murders were initiated based at the University of PRODUCTION ASSISTANCE: duly acknowledged. The ex­ by the government of Guatemala, Gunmen Queensland, Jenny Wilson, Jeff McLennan ceptions are creative writing and General Fernando Romeo LUCAS GARCIA EDITOR: Tim Low copyrighted graphics which re­ detained by students have been found to Presldente de la Republica Damien Ledwich Palacio t^acional LAYOUT: Matt Mawson Semper Magazine welcomes main the copyright of the carry national police and military Guatemala, Guatemala COVER: Damien Ledwich contributions and letters, but authors and may not be re­ intelligence photo-identification cards, and SECRETARY: Anne Jones does not assume any respon­ produced without their per­ Coronel cremontino CASTILLO mission. automatic weapons issued by the anny. Mlnlstro de Educaclon TYPESETTING; Marie Blanch sibility for unsolicited manu­ Government concern at the independence MInlsterlo de Educaclon PRINTERS: Mirror Newspaper scripts, photographs and illus­ Address all enquiries to:. of the university seems to derive from Guatemala, Guatemala Ltd,, 367-373 Brunswick St„ trations. Semper Magazine several sources. Firstly, the university is, It Is Important that copies of your letters are Fortitude Valley, Semper is copyright, St. University of Old Union sent to at least one of the following: DISTRIBUTORS: Gordon and Lucia, Queensland, 1980, Non St. Lucia. Old. 4067. as the major national higher education Gotch Pty. Ltd,, Brisbane, Ph. 371 1611 or 371 2568. institution, one of the few centres of critical 7 Olas en la USAC (the university newspaper) profit publications may reprint Ciudad Unlverstaria thought in Guatemala. Its scholarly pub­ Cludad de Guatemala lications, as well as its student journals and Guatemala newspapers, provide a platform for political DIarlo Excelsior This is the last issue of Semper for 1980. We thank those who have and economic commentary and criticism Paseo de la Reforma IS which is found nowhere else in Guatemalan Mexico 1 DF, Mexico supported us during the year. public affairs. Secondly, the Bufetes Prensa Libre Semper will resume on about 23 February 1981. 13 Calle 9-31 zona 1 Populares, the legal aid offices of the Guatemala, Guatemala

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HFWOFMl Our Muesli ^ •yiEEPlNS^ OAGcX'-RUCKyACKy RAINWE/^R KIM DAE JUNG J'piCiAiUT/ IN ROCKaiMDINGr. CMiNCf. Sentenced to hang is the MOUNVUMIIPIN&: LI&«TW£lGrnT CAMPlMGr^ You can help save this man's life and his country's democracy Breakfast of

When the chief of the Korean CIA assassin­ ated President Park Chung-Hee many oteervers Brisbane believed that a major obstacle to democracy had been removed. But In May the country went under martial law and has become more repressive than ever. One of the many democrats jailed and now threatened with the death sentence h Kim Dae Jung, the man who won 46 per cent of the vote Delicious NOW OPEN in South Korea's last free election. Amnesty International is pressing for his rel­ and Situated at the Campus Coffee Shop entrance ease, while the US State Department has des­ cribed the charges against him as "pretty jagged, but rising level of unemployment. Catherine, a part-time worker who devotes the rest of her time to the UWU explained: ''Tlie graph will go until 1983, the next Federal election. It goes as high as 800,000 unemployed, but we can always extend it." The people at the Union are very pessimistic about Fraser's policies and gloomily predict one million unemployed by the end of the eighties.

Unemployment in Australia is almost 500,000. It strikes particularly at women, disabled, the young who have never worked, and tlie mature aged who are considered too old to be worth employing. But there are no sections of Australian society that unemployment doesn't affect. Tlie Unem­ ployed Workers' Union tries to help these people, not as a welfare agency but as a political lobby. One of the major problems of the UWU is that people still do not understand that Workers' Union. They accept employed Queensland Government to allow transport Tlie major event of the campaign so far the unemployed rarely choose to be tliat people and students, also. Andrew concessions for the unemployed. They point was borrowing a Brisbane City Council way. It is difficult to realise how hard it is Neophytou said: "It's important to keep out that a single unemployed person under bus for a day. The bus was used to transport to get a job without actually going through pushing to poUticise people, otherwise 18 taking two 50 cent bus trips a day for 5 unemployed people around to CES offices the process. they'll fall by the wayside. Unemployment days will use 15 per cent of their income .and such. Also it was used to grab media The Unemployed Workers' Union has is fairly demoralising," for the week. The Commonwealth Employ­ attention and publicise the campaign. ten main demands (see box) and the first is The UWU does not involve people as a ment Services expect a devotion to job- Another major campaign the UWU has that jobs be seen as a right, not a privilege. social group, or a drop-in centre. "We've seeking that would require at least that launched is in support of the 35 hour week. To gain a broad understanding of that drawn right away from being welfare," much travel. Besides, the State Government Tlie 35 hour week is supported by several principle is essential in gaining a better deal Catherine said, "there are a lot of other receives grants from the Federal Government unions. It is difficult to forget the Queensland power workers fight for a 35 for the unemployed. organisations that look after welfare and to subsidise public transport. hour week, which led to public hysteria and the needs of unemployed people." Australia has gone through various phases the Essential Services le^slation. The UWU of unemployment. In the early seventies John commented "We're more involved The campaign is well underway. The believes that a 35 hour week "is vital to pre­ there was virtually full employment here, with issues like transport concessions and Transport Concession Campaign Committee serve existing jobs and create new ones." the 35 hour week campaign. We're much has sent letters to politicians and key people but with world wide economic recession The Unemployed Workers' Union also more of a political lobby than say an in­ outlining their demands. They have also the situation began to change. The number sends a newsletter to all its members. The formation service. And we keep that as top prepared a document explaining in detail of jobless began to grow. By the mid newsletter outlines what the Union has been seventies it became obvious that unemploy­ priority." why Transport Concessions are needed and their implications. doing, the progress with the campaigns, ment wasn't going to be a short term At present the UWU is pressuring the and gives advice and information on dealing phenomenon and Unemployed Workers' with government departments. Unions formed in various Australian States. It began in Queensland about two years One of the major problems in running ago, but only in the last few weeks has the THE TEN MAIN DEMANDS OF THE campaigns and in running tlie UWU itself, Unemployed Workers' Union become affili­ is that people only remain involved for a ated to the Trades and Labour Council. UNEMPLOYED WORKER'S UNION short period of time. As John commented: Tlie members of the Union whom I spoke "One of our major problems is people to - John, Brenda, both unemployed, 1. Jobs seen as a right, not as a privilege. coming and going all the time. People do Andrew, a social work student and eventually get jobs." Catherine - seemed to feel that this accept­ 2. Unemployment benefits to be seen as a right, not a privilege. It is heartening that people don't stay ance was the turning point- Because of TLC 3. An end to discrimination in employment of women, Aboriginal unemployed forever, but unemployment is acceptance other unions are more likely to people, and migrants. an ongoing problem, the people involved take them seriously and offer support. 4. An end to victimisation of the unemployed on grounds of gender, with the UWU at present feel the need for a Another factor is helping the UWU at certain continuity of direction if they are to the present time - the latest election. race, political opinion or sexuality. make any gains. They hope eventually to be Catherine remarked, ". . . since Eraser's 5. The introduction of a 35 hour working week. able to employ someone at least on a part- got in, I think a lot of people are beginning 6. The introduction of a transport concessions scheme to unemployed time basis. to redise that they are going to be un­ people and their dependents. Regardless of the problems, the Un­ employed for another three years. And the employed Workers' Union continues to only way that they can do anything to 7. Increased government expenditure for job creation programmes. function. The unemployed are still regarded effectively improve their lot is by joining 8. Abolition of the work test. as the' scum of society. But they are be- the Union." So membership and interest is 9. Increase all unemployment benefits to at least 30% of the average pnning to fight back tlirough groups like growing steadily. weekly earnings. the UWU; demanding their basic rights. -ANNE JONES One doesn't need to be unemployed to 10. Quarterly full indexation of unemployment benefits. become a member of the Unemployed

SEMPER. 6 November 199P uTh e Express" terminates Many Brisbane citizens will be saddened to learn that the Express newspaper will never again Jitter their front lawns. KJAZ PERRY explains why.

The recent closure of Brisbane's Newspapers of Queensland - a chain which "Express" chain of newspapers has includes the "Queensland Times". sparked off a series of rumours, some It is estimated that Provincial Newspapers suggesting that the papers were axed invested Si.5 million into the group, during for political reasons. However, the its period of ovwiership. A large radio cam­ paign was launched to attract reader interest checkered history of the "Express" in the paper. The ads correctly noted that a group indicates that the papers closed number of consumers did not even bother for economic reasons. to pick up the newspaper from the front lawn, where it was delivered every According to staff members the Wednesday. However, in the middle of this "Express" papers operated on a very friend­ campaign Provincial Newspapers decided to ly, but uneconomical basis. The seven withdraw all money from the operation of different papers, including the Northern the papers, and invest in other, more im­ Suburbs Express, the Western Suburbs mediately profitable ventures. A senior Express and the Southern Suburbs Express, member of the Express staff, who decUned were distributed free to all households in to be named, said that it would have taken their market area. The group employed two years at least for the venture to become on their own, or interest from other According to staff there was a lot of 780 newsboys in the weekly deliveries, profitable, and that Provincial Newspapers proposed syndicate members; and the deal goodwill between the staff and manage­ each receiving their pay into their in­ were not prepared to risk waiting. fell through. ment - and a feeling that they were dividual bank accounts, courtesy of the It was rumoured that Queensland News­ providing a worthwhile service. All the sales company. The papers carried advertising However, the spokesperson said that papers, trying to protect the Telegraph, staff, except one, have been placed in other from businesses in the area as their only real several rumours now circulating about the put pressure on the P.N.Q. Board. They jobs, and all of the journalists are now em­ means of revenue, as well as local news newspapers closure were untrue, and largely were said to have placed such strict con­ ployed elsewhere. Apparently other manage­ about events affecting the areas - like city unfounded. It was rumoured that the ditions of sale on the deal that the syndicate ments rang the paper when news of the council and main roads work, outstanding Express group was intending to begin pub- backed down. However the spokesperson closure became public, and asked to employ local personalities, and information on lisWng an Inner-City version of the Express, for the "Express" said that Queensland staff. The news that the papers were closing local sports teams and fixtures. to go on sale before Christmas. U was sug­ Newspapers were never in any position to came as a shock to the staff, but apparently gested that the paper would be published impose any terms or conditions on the most have found work in their own fields. The unique aspect of the group was that, twice weekly at first, and then daily later. "Express" management, or on sales to other at the time of its closing, the papers were The Australian Journalists Association TTie management spokesperson categorically ventures. recently called for an enquiry into the operating almost independently of major denied this, and said that although it was media control and were not owned by any ownership of the print media in Australia, typical of the kind of rumours they were He said that the "Express" could have As the "Express" spokesperson pomted out, large newspaper, as are free papers of this hearing, it was entirely untrue. posed a long-term threat to the Telegraph, the electronic media is heavily regulated type in other states. However the papers Tlie spokesperson agreed that the were beginning to pose a threat to Brisbane's but said it was some time in the future. by Federal Government control; however "Express" operations were becoming more The Telegraph now runs special supplements there are very few regulations concerning main aftemoon newspaper, the "Telegraph" successful at the time of closure, and were as inserts into its regular newspaper - a the ownership, control and running of news­ owned by Queensland Newspapers. begirming to pose a threat to the Telegraph, once a week "Southside", and once a week papers. The spokesperson suggested that it Until a few years ago, the "Express" but denied that Queensland Newspapers - "Northside" insert, free. The spokesperson is the monopolisation of the system by group was owned by Cumberiand which owns 30 per cent of Provincial News­ major media concerns, and their overriding Newspapers — a group owned and operated papers in Queensland — had put pressure on said that these supplements would have no chance of ever running on their own, and interest in profit which causes all the by Rupert Murdoch's Nevw Limited the P.N.Q. board to close the Express. The problems of small, independent newspapers. Company. But the paper consistently ran spokesperson said that although Queensland needed the Telegraph as a means of dis­ at a loss, partly because, as a free paper, it Newspapers have a 30 per cent share in tribution. He said that these supplements While many woidd not agree in the sense was regarded as a "throwaway", and failed P.N.Q., it only held one seat on the eight employed only one journalist, and one in funding unprofitable ventures like the to attract mass readership or advertising person board. He said the rest of the Board advertising representative each, and would "Express" group, these small newspapers revenue. The Murdoch ^oup decided to get was controlled by the Dunn and Manning be unviable on their own. are sometimes the only means for pub­ rid of the paper and go uito more profitable Family, who are the major shareholders of The spokesperson said that the "Express" licising local events, and issues which are ventures. "Provincial Newspapers." chain had decided to run as a fuUy pro­ of major importance to the local com­ munity, but do not make it into capital Murdoch sold the Mastheads (registered fessional newspaper from the start. It had city newspapers. The "Express" occupied names) of the papers to the independently "Messenger Press", an Adelaide based been decided to run a proper news service, something of a watchdog'role, particularly operated "Community Press" for an un­ business in which the large "Adelaide rather than run a throwaway advertising concerning local government plans - and confirmed amount of $150,000. However, Advertiser" holds a 49 per cent interest, sheet. At the time of closing, in addition the suburban community will probably once again the newspapers failed to run at a expressed interest in buying the paper. to the 780 newsboys, there was a large miss this. Profitable or not, the loss of the profit. At the time it was rumoured that the However, "Messenger Press" sought to buy number of staff, including sixteen sales "Express" will be mourned, as the loss of an papers would close down. However, Com­ the papers with a syndicate of other buyers. representatives, and 12 full time journalists, independent voice. D munity News was bought out by Provincial They were unable to raise sufficient finance as well as several "stringers".

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NUCLEAR ENERGY Dunstan warns:

Former South Australian premier DON DUNSTAN was in Brisbane recently to deliver a lecture at Queensland Uni­ versity. The following article is edited from his speech.

When the bomb fell on Hiroshima, costly installations for a poor power re­ it seemed an enormous portent for turn, and there can be no doubt that at this immediate point power from nuclear the world - and so it was. But the full reactors is economic, whereas for any large- implications of what came from that scale industrial purposes power from solar ghastly atomic explosion were not energy is not. realised for decades afterwards. The Debate grew throughout the world on awful nature of the effect of radiation the future of the nuclear power cycle, and for most laymen it was almost impossible upon people became rapidly apparent. to find one's way through the emotional­ ism and turgidity of the debate on both But what was not apparent at the time sides. A great deal has been said on this was that it was not easily possible to issue on each side which is coloured by separate the dangers from any nuclear ac­ the commitment of people to one side or tivity out into the dangers from nuclear the other, and objectivity seems to have weapons, and the what were then con­ been lost in most of the debate. sidered negligible dangers of harnessing On the one hand, the Friends of the this new energy resource for peaceful pur­ Earth Movement produced arguments which poses. on the most elementary analysis do not stand up. I experienced this quality of the After the bomb fell on Hiroshima, the presentation by people amongst the Greenies immediate agitation by those concerned movement during the period in which the for the future of mankind was to limit South Australian Government was investi­ Dr, Victor Archer, an official of the worrying for South Australian uranium this frightening power to peaceful use. gating the nuclear process and the question US Public Health Service, recently up­ proponents. Sir Arvi Parbo, the Chairman There was little agitation that we should of mining uranium within the State, dated a study on a group of 3366 uranium of Western Minine, recently indicated that not use nuclear power at all. It seemed At the same time, it is apparent that on miners, of whom 745 have died. Lmfg cancer Roxby Downs wUl be mined by the under­ that it might be a great benefit to man­ the other side scientists, technologists and caused 144 of these and Archer says this is ground method. All other Australian umiiim kind. Here was the possibility of a new form publicists committed to the development nearly 400 per cent more than the lung mines use the open cut system. of energy which miglit be developed tech­ of nuclear power have been dishonest. In cancers which would statistically be ex­ American and European evidence results nologically to ensure that the future of many cases their pronouncements have been pected to occur. from the inhalation of radon gas, a decay mankind could be materially enhanced. quite disingenuous, and the industry itself Dr. Archer also estimates that even with product of uranium, which is released when The whole point in those early years was has been at pains to conceal information the new tighter safety standards, long term the area is mined. When inhaled the gas can to stop people from making nuclear arm­ from the public about the nature of its uranium worken would increase by 45 inflict strong radiation doses to the lungs, aments. It was horrifying for the world operation and the nature of its problems. per cent their changes of getting cancer, resulting in cancer several years later, as a when it became apparent that there was a "The epidemic of respiratory cancers series of long term studies has shown. nuclear arms race on amongst those who It's hard to find one's way safely through what seems to be an argumentative mine­ among US uranium miners is continuing The South Australian Health Commission had the capacity and the technology to even though radiation levels have been is cunently investigating claims that workers make bombs. But there was little educa­ field, but it is important because as members of mankind it behoves us to study the lowered in recent years, A new epidemic at Radium Hill, in this State, have suffered tion then, to limit the use of nuclear power of death from respiratory illness has begun much greater incidence of cancer than other for peaceful purposes. processes and to come to our own conclusions. Let us try to make those con­ among them," Archer claims. members of the community. The early What has become apparent in the period evidence appears to substantiate that claim. following the energy crisis and the escalation clusions as best informed as we may. What, then, are the problems facing the Archer's research comes as no surprise The nuclear industry has constantly of nuclear reactors has been that there are claimed it has a very good record of safety grave dangers to mankind from the whole nuclear industry? It has been alleged for to many US critics of the uranium in­ many years that there are few problems of dustry. in the operation of nuclear reactors, and that of the nuclear power cycle, and the danger the number of serious injuries or deaths is not limitable or separable from the safety in the minmg of uranium. The pro­ Earlier evidence, also from the US Public cess of extraction of uranium ore and pre­ Health Service, revealed that between 1946 which have occurred from accidents in dangers of nuclear weapons. nuclear reactors is very much smaller than When the energy crisis faced us, when in liminary treatment to yellowcake were and 1968 about 6000 underground uranium considered to be reasonably safe mining miners were needlessly and significantly from deaths or accidents occurring in con­ fact the average man in the street became ventional power plants. However, the aware that carbon-based resources - coal, operations little different in quality from exposed to radioactive gases. Based on this mining operations of other kinds. It has research the Health Service estimated that contrast to that lies in the enormously oil and gas - were finite, and that there is greater risk that is involved in the operation a very limited life to the kind of power only recently become apparent that the there could be 600 to 1100 more lung U^tness with which uranium mining was cancers than would normally be expected of a nuclear power plant. The conventional resources which we use today, the pressure power plants, if they break down, are not became all the greater for the expansion previously undertaken, was ill-warranted. to occur among a similar sample of the general population. likely to produce the tremendous and wide­ of nuclear power to fill the gap. While The latest evidence from the United spread damage which could occur to human there was much talk of the development States Public Health Service shows there is While the US anti-nuclear movement beings in the case of a reactor core melt­ of solar energy, the technology of pro­ a much higher incidence of lung cancer has tended, since the Harrisburg incident, down, and the very real danger of a core vision of energy from solar resources is still among uranium miners compared with the to concentrate on reactor safety, the latest so primitive as to require enormously rest of the population. US evidence on mining hazards must be (continued on (oltowing page)

SEMPER, 6 November 1980

VEGETARIANS Environment Hungry Years has increased it's range of Beautiful Imported and vegetarian food. Irene is Handmade Clothing. providing at least one vege­ Alternative Books, Comics tarian entree and main and Magazines. course each day. Bhangs, Rolling Papers and RECIPES Smokers Requisites. Recipes have been spec­ Jewellery, Posters, Rugs Books, maosjine&oostere. ially adapted and use fresh and Lampshades. spectnmof envnxvnenl and herbs grown in Hungry ITpAnnSL Year's own herb garden.

respurceuse.linwsioga!wm. Vegetarian food is best (xftitcn.AuKfalBfviSwTiate, SltEmairwiifaayfes.ete, eaten fresh and we design to run out each day, so be eariy. BOM SANKARBHOLENATH $ 219 Given Terrace VOOWOIM Paddlngton. Phone 362 335 Phone 3708106 Wholesale Enquiries Welcome. The Petrov conspiracy by TIM LOW One of the most unusual senate campaigns in the recent federal election a mechanism for shunting Vietnamese into was led by the catering services manager of the University of Queensland marginal electorates already exists - the Union, Mr. Allen Shawcross. Community Refugee Resettlement Programme initiated by church and com­ A life member of the Young Liberals, "These secret policies are destroying munity groups. This scheme allows rural Shawcross and colleagues Cyril McKenzie Australian national pride and indepen­ community and church groups to host and Michael Dendle ran as the Party to dence. Liberal Party voters must recog­ Vietnamese migrants in their community. Expose the Petrov Conspiracy, an enig­ nise that they have an obligation to In theory, Catholic groups could introduce matic team most notable for its secrecy. Australia and not to this secret govern­ large numbers of Catholic refugees into their Even around the university, few people ment in Melbourne. So vote for Aust­ community, to increase the anti-Labor realised the oddly-named team were ralia. Vote for The Party to Expose the vote. But according to the Department of serious senate candidates. Leaflets put Petrov Conspiracy." Immigration and Ethnic Affairs only 77 out by the group proclaimed they would Vietnamese were introduced to Queensland expose the Petrov conspiracy, but never In a television interview during the in the first year of this scheme. explained why an event of almost 40 years election campaign. Today Tonight's Andrew The 'Expose Petrov' Party believe this ago was relevant to the 1980 federal Carroll was non-plussed at Shawcross* election. will change in the near future, Shawcross refusal to identify the 'Melbourne Manipu­ believes a massive orderiy migration of A leaflet authorised by V. McKenzie lators', Shawcross was unwiUing even to Catholic Vietnamese will soon begin, and and placed in many Brisbane letterboxes, explain why he could not name the group. that anyone who protests their arrival will was typical of the party's obfuscation. be slandered as racist. It read: In fact, the organisation of 'manipulators' alluded to by Shawcross is the National These views are shared by a J, Civic Council, the secretive political or­ Crosthwaite and Mr, Ted Wixted, both of "Lift the oppressive hand of Melbourne Allen Shawcross whom have privately produced leaflets mendacity from Australia's destiny and ganisation that promotes its right-wing ideology in the poUtical, academic, and warning of the conspiracy, Crosthwaite, learn what the manipulators have been is at the forefront of international Wixted, and the Party to Expose the up to... industrial arenas, Shawcross and political activity. They say the recent McKenzie told Semper they believed the Petrov Conspiracy are all part of a loose "Australia is really governed from Mel­ worker unrest in Poland was initiated by Christian group, mostly Catholic, who bourne. Canberra is only a talk centre. Liberal Party was a front of the NCC, and the Church, as part of its long term strategy that the NCC was still under Vatican oppose NCC activity. Politically middle- Queenslanders would know this already to win back Poland from Communism, of-the-road (Shawcross was once an except for the fact that the daily news­ control, (It is generally believed that the Closer to home, the Party believe Australia's Catholic Church broke all ties with the Australian Democrat), the group feel papers on which they rely for inform­ involvement in Vietnam was on behalf of compelled to warn Australians of what ation are controlled from Melbourne NCC, or Movement as it was then called, in the Church, to protect the one million or 1959, See Semper No, 7, 1980), Shawcross they see as NCC deception and manipula­ themselves. more Roman Catholics in South Vietnam, tion. "The Melbourne manipulators have been claimed his party had to avoid mention of Now that the war has been 'lost', the the NCC because of the risk of a defamation And the Petrov conspiracy? Shawcross using Liberal Party leadership as their Catholic Vietnamese are supposedly mig­ said this was significant as the first occasion front since 1949. Loyalty to the Liberal writ, and to avoid offending the many rating to Australia as boat people. Here they Catholic supporters of the NCC, when the National Civic Council conspired Party now means loyalty to secret are allegedly directed into marginal elector­ with the Liberal Party. His party say they policies and power alliances formulated Tlie Party to Expose the Petrov Con­ ates, to boost the anti-Labor vote. in Melbourne. spiracy believe the Roman Catholic Church Although this scenario seems far fetched. (continued on page 10)

^^ Honest, open, accountable Government • • • I won't settle for anything less."

IAN PRENTICE If^-^; Toowong

LIBERAL Electorate Enquiries Telephone 371 4218 Authorised by Don Hoare 23 Ivy S4, Indooroopilly.

SEMPER, 6 November 1980 Fabricated Confessions**Widespread"

A recent Interim survey conducted by Campaign Against Legal Malpractice (CALM) showed that, of a sample of 107 prisoners at Long Bay's Central Industrial Prison, 53 per cent believed they had been "verballed" or convicted on the basis of fabricated confessional evidence.

The sample taken was of prisoners A police notebook cannot be used as a sub­ convicted of indictable offences. The survey mission to the jury but it can be used "to indicated that the most common form of refresh" a police officer's memory. "verbal" employed was an unsigned record Oral statements in court as "verbal" of interview, used in 47 per cent of the cases are merely statements of recollection by a analysed. The second most common form police officer; an officer's word against of "verbal" was that from police notebooks. the word of the accused. Notebook verbal was used in 32 per cent Of the cases in whicli verbal was used, of the cases. Simple oral statements in court 81 per cent had pleaded not guilty to the by police made up the remaining 2! per charges and 88 per cent had denied the cent, alleged confessions in court. In contrast, "Verbals" as unsigned records of of those not verballed 26 per cent had interview are concocted records of police pleaded not guilty. interrogation. As well as false admissions Of those prisoners verballed, 72 per they often include facts surrounding the cent claimed they had been denied access case which are easily discovered by inde­ to a lawyer at the time of police inter­ of fabricated confessions is. He also pointed issues sucii as prison conditions and prison pendent police investigation. These facts rogation. In contrast, of those not verballed lo the concentration of fabricated evidence attitudes as well as matter related to the included in the record of interview, give 50 per cent stated they had been denied among the elite squads of the CIB such as justice system, the impression that the accused is making access lo a lawyer. the Armed Hold Up Squad, Breaking Squad Mr. Dimelow explained he hoped to hold a confession in amidst a whole body of The survey showed that the type of crime and Drug Squad. Mr. Dimelow said that in future surveys in co-operation with the information, Wliilc unsigned records of in which "verbals" or concocted con­ those crimes in which local detectives were Corrective Services Department and the interview are not available for direct fessionals statements were most commonly used such as in cases of assault and robbery Attorney General's Department, as un­ scrutiny by a jury they can be read by a used was armed robbery and drug related the incidence of fabricated confessions was official surveys received a great deal of re­ police officer and constantly referred to offences. Of the armed robbery cases anal­ much lower. For example among armed sistance from prison warders, Mr, Dimelow in court. ysed 68 per cent claimed that the police had robbery cases in the survey 67 per cent of explained that prison officers had tried to Notebook "verbal" is the use by police concocted evidence to gain conviction. In the persons had been "verballed" in one block the "verbals" survey by confiscating officers of their notebooks to concoct 91 per cent of these concocted cases the form or another and in 91 per cent of the survey forms and opening mail. One set of evidence and confessions. The notebook ClB's Armed Hold Up Squad was named cases of verbal the Armed Hold Up Squad Survey forms sent by registered mail had is a police officer's private record of what as the section of the police force fabricating had formulated the "verbal". On the other been returned, marked person unknown at occurs during a particular case especially the "verbal" evidence. Some detectives hand in assault and robbery cases in which address! names repeatedly appeared in the sample at the scene of a crime and during in­ local detectives were used, only 14,3 per Mr. Dimelow commented that there cases. vestigations. Each officer is required to use cent of the cases had involved use of seemed to be a deep-seated fear of what this form of record. An officer is quite free Spokesperson for CALM, Mark Dimelow "verbal". may be revealed by such surveys. to write whatever he sees fit and does not commenting on the survey said the figures Mr. Dimelow says CALM hopes to hold need any collaboration in what he writes. -CAMPAIGN AGAINST LEGAL cleariy indicated jiow widespread the use further surveys in NSW prisons on other MALPRACTICE calculators for Christmas

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8 .0\^RS6RS- U Let's blow the hell out of them'' The U.S. Bombing of Cambodia

uring tliis year the media at ease in Phnom Penh. They were to be has made Kampuchea a major convinced their officers were corrupt and D issue. However, unless you appointed on the basis of nepotism. Further, have followed events in South East if they deserted "your family will consider Asia over the last decade you may you a hero. ,, it will also be a joke on your officers." be confused about the problcFiis the Buddhist monks were also a target. They area has today. For anyone who could not, unfortunately, be roused to wants to know more about Cambodia violence - "this would be asking the clergy there is probably no better book than to be non-Buddhist" - but "psy-warriors" "Sideshow" by William Shawcross. could play on the facts that "the monks Even those who know the basics of are also human" and try to persuade them Cambodian history will find this book they were hated by the intellectuals. valuable. It fills in some gaping holes left Great stress was placed on the importance by the media coverage of the destruction of American aid in winning over the military of Cambodia by the American military, and the elite - and in friglitening the mass and incidentally, the CIA, The gaps have of the people. The officer corps would be been filled thanks to the Freedom of grateful for the aid, but the soldiers would Information Bill operating in the USA, be different, "Soldier, you have seen the Tlie author spent a long, painstaking time power of American equipment. You have analysing previously classified documents seen the power of the American army. You about the re^on, Thougli Shawcross is cannot win," Tlie report noted there was modest about this, the book seems an one problem with this slogan. It depended exhaustive documentation of the period, on the extent to which the soldiers had Tlic book's subtitle is "Kissinger, Ni.xon felt that power. One appeal idea in the and the Destruction of Cambodia". There study was a leaflet showing Phnom Penh have been millions of words indicting these railway station blown up, with the bodies two winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for of dead monks and women all around. their immoral and amazing abuses of power. Tliis was considered an exceptionally good For me, this book is the final nail in a very idea because "the railway station is one of big coffin. "The Guardian" said "This book the finest public buildings in Cambodia and is an indictment of President Nixon and Dr. a source of great pride to the people." Kissinger, , . of a President who could Similariy, there were ideas to place the '*This book is an indictment...of a President who could scream 'Let's blow the hell out of tliem'. .. blame for rice shortages on the elite, on scream 'Let's blow the hell out of them \..and of a statesman and of a statesman who could sacrifice a Chinese merchants, on the Peking govern­ whole society so that tlie United States ment to whom merchants were said to owe who could sacrifice a whole society,.." should not be defeated by a "tliird class allegiance, to Cambodia's policy of neut­ communist peasant state." rality, or even the loss of U.S, imports. Vietnam cover targets were usually selected The lengths to which die US government Panic was to be encouraged by illustrations into the possibilities of bombing within so tlie planes could simply fly a few extra and military were prepared to go in order of young men being carried off into the neutral Cambodia. kilometres beyond, until they were over to defeat communist groups is almost un­ distance in Chinese trucks, WTiole sections Aware that breacliing a country's neut­ believable. The CIA produced a significant of the study were devoted to trying to rality would not be taken lightly by press, the Cambodian target. report suggesting ways to pursuade Cam­ convince the people that the United Stacs Dublic, or Congress, a complicated system of bodians to support the U.S. government alone wanted freedom, peace, happiness "dual reporting" of bomb runs was created. The supervisor of radar crews was handed rather than their leader. Prince Sihanouk. and independence for Cambodia, They also The Pentagon computers demanded, for a plain manila envelope the day before a The report concluded that the "older elite sought to persuade Cambodians that an purposes of lo^stics, a complete record of strike. Tills was Hown in by a special were rapidly becoming susceptible to ex­ American victory was inevitable. hours flown, fuel expended, ordinance Strategic Air Command courier fiiglit, and ploitation by die United States". The report dropped, and spare parts procured. In contained an ordinary post strike report went on to stress that the younger Tlie mismanaging of Cambodian defences response to Nixon's demands for total and form on which co-ordinates had already generation was equally valuable for ex­ by the U.S. military was remarkable for a unassailable secrecy, the military's joint been fdled in. He locked it in his desk until ploitation because it was "crass and material­ nation wliich prides itself on tactical chiefs of staff devised a double reporting evening, and then gave the co-ordinates istic, , ,bribed, and thus compromised . . . superiority. When the French were in charge system. to the radar crew when the sliift assembled. a weak point in the Cambodian government of the "colony" tliey had developed and Whether they flew from Guam, Okinawa Tliey fed them into Olivetti 101 computers and social structure." The report stated that encouraged the government to pursue a or Thailand, most B 52 bombers over South to produce the details of the final bombing "until the popular image of Sihanouk is defence policy based on hundreds of police Vietnam were guided to their targets by the run for the new Cambodian target. After tarnished they would not resist or rebel." posts tliat stretched along the borders and "Skyspot" ground radar sites in the country. the bomb drop, the plane's radio operator - The controllers received details - known as The report stressed the necessity for lines of communications. Tills was so the who was not supposed to know of the army could mix freely with the population. "fiag" - of the proposed strike, after it diversion - called tlie base to announce Americans to behave correcUy in Cambodia. had been approved from Washington. From They should dwell on the glories of the But the Americans inculcated with the idea "Mission Completed". At base, the In­ of an army as a heavily equipped expedition­ this they calculated range, bearings, altitude, telligence Division, who also knew nothing ancient city of Angkor, rather than the airspeed and ballistics of the bomb load. weaknesses of the current administration ary force, and tried to persuade Uie Cam­ of the change, entered the original South bodians to concentrate their troops in a They then guided the planes dovm a narrow Vietnam co-ordinates on the post-strike and eat all the food offered to them, "even radar beam to the target. if it does not look appetising." Locker room brigade structure. It was exactly tlie wrong report, Wlien the crew landed and debriefed language was to be avoided at all costs, way to cope with small guerilla attacks In After the mission the crews reported they were asked routine questions about and candid photographs used carefully, to isolated parts of the country. But it was what primary and secondary explosions they malfunction, weather, and bomb damage. not discredit members of the political elite what the U.S. army field manual advised. had seen, and at the base debriefing the They were not to mention the new target "unless such is intended". Much of the In 1969 the United States constituted ground controllers sent their post-strike - they were forewarned it was not counted report was made up of 207 different appeal the MENU campaign of bombings within reports to Saigon. Both reports entered as a real diversion. ideas to be directed at different sections of the Cambodian borders. Until this time the Pentagon computers and the history of At Bicn Hoa all the papers and tape on the population - peasants, Chinese, Viet­ there had been no official incursion into the war. which the bombing had been plotted were namese, the police - an attempt to "win Cambodia, although tlie U.S. army feared The new system saw crews getting the locked in the commander's desk until day­ them to the free world." that the North Vietnamese army had its standard briefing on targets in Vietnam, break. Only then - his supervisors were then the pilots and navigators being told Enlisted soldiers in the Cambodian anny headquarters in Cambodia, where it could afraid that pieces of paper would be dropped regroup without fear of attack from U.S. privately to expect the ground controllers in the dark - was commanded to take the were to be pursuaded they were fighting to bomb a different set of co-ordinates. only for Peking, while Chhiese merchants troops. Kissinger and Nixon were informed documents to the incinerator and carefully of this, and immediately instituted studies It was not a wide diverson; the South seduced their vwves and venal politicians (continued on following page)

SEMPER, 6 November 1980 9 -sw€ aoTioa The socialist alternative

ment. All areas in which communists fmve Thirty-six years ago the people of Bjelke-Petersen government. Tlie success of the National Party in the Senate means that been actively campaigning. Many people are Bowen sent a communist to parlia­ opposed to capitalism whilst not necessarily ment, the so called 'radicals' in the Liberal Party will be muzzled. The Labor Party poses no supporting communism. Fred Paterson, barrister and former threat to the status quo. It is too busy theology student, convinced 3434 people to burying itself in personal in-fighting than Does this mean that the CPA has place a number one beside his name in the in promoting policies for the benefit of abandoned the "proletarian revolution" in 1944 state election. Paterson won the seat working people. Only the Communist Party favour of a pluralist approach to winning from the Labor candidate by almost 500 is prepared to campaign on the real issues socialism? votes. facing Queensland workers. Working class revolution hasn't died out The same year Paterson got 20629 but we do have a broader notion of votes in the federal election and came within revolution now. We don't accept the old a whisker of winning Herbert, After 60 years of pushing communist monolothic view of the Soviet Union rep­ In fact all over Australia, Communist policies the CPA can only capture a handful resenting all that was perfection in socialism. Party candidates were winning respectable of votes. Why? People are better educated today and have a votes in local government, state and federal We have certainly had our ups and downs wider range of interests than just "bread and elections. but I believe that the party is back on the butter" issues. The CPA has no interest in Results that would put the Australian way up. Workers are still suffering from the winning power for itself Socialism here will Democrats to shame. In 1980 the Victorian effects of the massive anti-communist be won by many groups and individuals. secretary of the CPA could only scrape crusade during the Cold War. If you like, by "pluralist" activity. together a half a per cent in Qie Wills we will have to unite around common Yes, but even during the height of the programmes. We've signed a joint statement electorate against Bob Hawke. Compared to past years there are now with the Socialist Party whereby we agree The National President, Judy Mundey, Cold War and and attempt to ban the CPA few communist union officials. Has this not to compete in elections and work to­ managed a little over four per cent in you had more members than today and move to pluralism affected your activity in gether in the unions. But that does not mean Sydney but elsewhere the party hardly could poll a relatively decent vote. the trade unions? that we plan to merge with any party. caused a ripple. Murray Broad, 23, a science During the bst 20 years we suffered two / don't think that the decline of party graduate, hopes to reverse the voting trends splits which seriously affected our public Communist Party members value their independence. influence in the unions is a result of party in the forthcoming state election. standing A pro-Chinese faction left in 1963 policy, but related to the long economic Murray, the secretary of the Queensland in 1971 we lost a third of the membership boom up until the 1970's. Workers were led branch of the Communist Party, is mounting to the pro-Soviet Socialist Party. This left Has the CPA's independent line suc­ ceeded in enticing youth to its ranks? to believe they were living in the "Lucky an intensive campaign in Brisbane Central, three communist groups competing for the Country" where all could succeed by hard We've had phases of youth recruitment. currently held by Brian Davis for the Labor support of workers within the trade unions work, litis resulted in widespread apathy The bitter anti-communism of the Cold War Party. and politically. This all occurred during a amongst workers. Even the N.CC suffered has left a vacuum in the 35 to 45 age group. DENNIS BAILEY interviewed Murray long economic boom which contributed a cadre crisis. Broad at a function celebrating die sixtieth to a lowering of revolutionary consciousness There was a resurgence during the anti- among working people. conscription struggle and Vietnam War. anniversary of the Communist Party of In the last state election the Socialist Australia. Since the Kerr coup in 1975 more youth have been attracted to revolutionary politics. Party won 490 votes or 3.3 per cent in What are the chances for some unity Brisbane Central. How many votes do you With such a persistently low communist I think that the party now has the youngest among the left? expect to receive? vote, why are you running? Well as the economy continues to fail National Committee in its history. Today's youth is concerned about the en­ / will get five per cent. Enough to shake Regardless of the number of votes we are there is a very real danger of capitalism up the Labor Party. the only alternative to the reactionary turning to fascism. For our own survival vironment, civil liberties and unemploy­

(from previous page). Wlicn Kissinger was sworn in as Secretary (from page?) federal election. Apparently undetened, of State in 1973 he declared: "It was not a they now plan to spread the message by bum them. He would then call a Saigon bombing of Cambodia. It was a bombing of can prove that the alleged theft of Russian publishing a book. embassy documents by Petrov was all a number he had been given - that of North Vietnamese in Cambodia. . . the The irony of the election for Shawcross Strategic Air Command Advanced Echelon set-up. After years of carefully analysing is that the new senate will probably be Prince as a minimum acquiesced to the the record of the Royal Commission into controlled by the Australian Democrats - to say: "The ball game is over," Then bombing of unpopulated border areas." Conspkacy - which investigated Petrov's the normal post strike reports on the original and independent Brian Harradine - well defection from the Russian embassy in known as an NCC sympathiser. The likely South Vietnam co-ordinates were filled in "Sideshow" really is horrifying. It is hard Canberra in 1954 - the Party can point scenario on hard line defence issues is the and sent, in the normal way, to Saigon, to believe that the administration of sup­ to many contradictions in Petrov's testi­ Democrats siding with the ALP, while The niglit's mission over Cambodia was posedly the most advanced, freedom loving mony, which they say is proof he was put Harradine rattles sabres with the govern­ recorded as having taken place in South nation on earth could make the decisions it up by ASIO. Says theu leaflet: "The clear ment. Harradine could promise the Liberals Vietnam. The bombing was not only con­ fact, which emerges from the evidence, is his crucial vote in exchange for ultra-hard­ did, and condemn a whole people to death. that Petrov gave no documents at all to cealed; the official SECRET records showed It is terrifying to realise what untruths, half- line defence policies. Such a situation would ASIC, The documents originated with ASIO be reminiscent of the sixties, when the NCC it had never happened. truths and lies were told to the press, other itself. Petrov was paid to say he brought All througli 1969 and into eariy 1970 pushed its policies through the Democratic governments, and us. Where there were no them from the embassy." Labor Party, then holding the balance of the planes passed over South Vietnam and lies there was cover-up. The Party to Expose the Petrov Con­ power in the senate. onto Cambodia, Peasants were killed though Unlike some books of it's kind spiracy argues that the Labor Party leader no one knows how many, and Communist "Sideshow" is not dry reading. The book is Dr. H.V. Evatt was falsely implicated in logistics were, to some extent, disrupted. full of evocative description, particularly the affair, in a stunt to help the Menzies about the important characters of the Liberal Government win the 1954 election. UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND To avoid attacks the Viet Cong moved west­ The reason why Shawcross' party used such ward, placing their sanctuaries and supply events, so that they become not just cogs in LIBRARY HOURS the wheel, but people whose personalities and odd name, he said, was to draw bases deeper into the country, and the area attention to Petrov's defection, and to bombed by the B 52's increased - the war were often as important as their actions. All Libraries will reduce their hours of establish the event in people's minds as a opening to vacation times on the last day expanded. Prince Norodom Sihanouk is portrayed as a conspiracy. vain, cocky person, whose antics as much of examinations in the departments In 1973 when Uie bombings were finally The Party to Expose the Petrov Con­ which each library serves. These will be uncovered, both Nixon and Kissinger main­ as his leadership antagonised the U.S. spiracy polled less than 2,000 votes in the tained, and still maintain, that secrecy was officials and the CIA. Tlie horrifying (From 26-11-80) thought is that they became so antagonised necessary to protect Sihanouk who was CENTRAL LIBRARY variously described as "acquiescing in"; they brought down the government, and the whole region. NORMAN PARK Monday 9.00 am -10 pm "approving"; "allowing"; and even "en­ Tues - Fri 9;00 am - 5 pm couraging" the raids, so long as they were -KJAZ PERRY ACUPUNCTURE CLINIC UNDERGRAD LIBRARY covert. They maintauied the areas were un­ Mon - Fri 9.00 am - 5 pm populated and Uiat only legitimate targets 86 BENNETTS RD., NORMAN PARK *** (communist troops) were in the area. When BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY Mon/Tues/Thurs/Fri 9.00 am - 5 pm die idea of bombing was first mooted die Wednesday 9.00 am - 8 pm President specifically commissioned a study SIDESHOW: Kiuinger, Nixon and the Des­ HOURS: MON.TUES. WED. All libraries will be closed during to discover how many peasants were in the truction of Cambodia by William Shawcross. 8.30 to 12 noon. 1 to 4 p.m. Published by Fontana. weekends. area, and to decide whether these losses SPECIAL APPdNTMENTS AVAHABt^ Please see the notice boards outside could be counted as acceptable. PH: 398 8415 A/H 358 2247 other branch libraries to check the date of change of times of operung.

IP RASTAFARI Culture of Resistance

To many Westerners the Rastafarlan movement means no more than reggae, dreadlocks and ganja. Jamaican-born It was the great African scholar WINSTON STEWART looks at the history of Rastafari Amilcar Cabral who once wrote: and it's revolutionary role in the Third World. Edward Seaga (present opposition leader), average "safe" musicians like Byron Lee 77)6 value of culture as an element of were promoted as creators of Ska, resistance to foreign domination lies in The people and Rastafari were united the fact that the culture is the vigorous in their need to assert their own culture, manifestation on the ideological plane tlieir own black dignity. They created new of the physical and historical reality of ' people's institutions called sound systems, that society that is dominated or to be • where the Rasta culture of resistance was dominated. Culture is simultaneously the - developed without restraint. fruit of a people's history and a determi­ Songs extolling Ethiopia and African nant of history, by the positive and ' history were developed witliin tliese people's negative influence it exerts on the evolu­ institutions. Socio-religious and political tion of relationships between man and his songs echoed and reverberated across east environment, among men or groups of and west Kingston - 'By the Rivers of men within a society, as well as differing Babylon', 'Let the Power Fall in 1', and societies. 'Macabee Version'. It was the music of Rasta above all which conveyed the Rastafari culture combines the liistories people's defiance. Despite an element of of the cliildren of slaves in differing spiritual deliverance, the songs were preg­ societies. Wtihin it are contained both the nant with social criticism. negative and tlie positive - the idealist and Reggae music, as a form, began to emerge tlie ideological - responses of an exploited towards the end of the 196D's. Tlie tradition and racially-humiliated people. Ignorance of of popular resistance was integral. Groups this explains the failure of bourgeois aca­ like Culture, Burning Spear and the Wallers demics to understand the revolts led by Nat extended the international tlirust of Reggae Turner, John Chilembwe, Paul Bogle and and Rastafari. By the late 1960's the Wallers Dedan Kimathi, or, in the modern era, were singing 'Wliy must men suffer' and the resistance of Rastafari to all forms of 'Man to man is so unjust' - the latter an racism and commodity fetishism. indictment of the viciousness and com­ Academic research is preoccupied with petitiveness of society. cults, millenarianism and metaphysics, with­ Some of the more astute political leaders out accompanying study of production re­ understood the full force of the popular lations. In the analysis of Rastafari, as else­ culture. But those who had been where, tills represents a particular ideological lobotomised by their Oxford or Cambridge stance. Bourgeois scholarship usually seeks Ph,D.'s simply passed off tlie Rastafari as to explain only superficial elements such as a fringe millenarian group bereft of political tlie wearing of locks and the smoking of mm0mff0^iimm0mim0m0m0m significance. the chilum pipe, but fails even in this narrow It was Michael Manley who most cleverly objective. The most naive interpretation 'brethren' in vain attempts to erase the 'gjnals' (Jamaican: smart men), or coniniand- orchestrated the various strategies that had of the Rastafari movement sees it simply people's culture. Rastafarians were further ist leaders who were called "charismatic". been displayed to suppress, undermine or as tlie deification of Halle Selassie and the humiliated by being forced to have their Such openness had one major deficiency. rob Rasta culture of significance. As belief in the apocalypse. locks shorn. Anti-social elements, especially within the opposition leader in 1969, he both Because of their metaphysical, non- underdeveloped lumpen proletariat, promoted and took advantage of the meta­ But to see the Rastafari worid as limited materialist approach to society, Rastafari to some rehgious proclivity is to ignore the took on the physical appearance of Rasta­ physical iiilerpretations of Prof, Nettleford did not organise political action. However, fari while intimidating the working class. and exploited the spiritual content of vitality of the culture in Jamaica, in the they did offer a set of ideas, an amalgam eastern Caribbean, and now, in the metro­ Later in the 1960's they provided the raw Rastafari by likening liimsclf to the biblical of political and cultural responses, which material for political gangs going by such Joshua and equating his rival. Shearer, to politan cities where the children of black went some way to filling the ideological Hollywood names as Skull, Spangler and the Pharoah, He called his African walking immigrants are alienated from the servile vacuum. When thousands of West Indians culture of consumption. From tlie start in Dirty Dozen, stick a "rod of correction" and claimed it were being packed on banana boats to had been given to him by Haile Selassie. 1930, Rastafari culture has remained an England, and others were alienated by Despile the distortion of the movement indelible link between the resistance of the Co-option of Rasta here reached its apogee. drudgery and unemployment, the by academics, and the reactionary Gleaner Manley's People's National Party (P,N,P.) Maroons, the Pan-Africanist appeal of "bretliren" invoked the old repatriation newspaper, brutal attacks by police, and Marcus Garvey and now the materialist rode on the wave of popular protest against ideas of the Maroons (and extended by infiltration by backward lumpen elements, nco-colonialisni, creating its own songs and historical analysis of the late Walter Garvey) who had demanded a return to the Rastafari had begun to create cultural, Rodney and the defiance of Reggae. crouched in the language of Rasta. It won freedom and had been shipped first to most notably musical, forms which the l972elccfion. Tlie Rastafari movement was created Nova Scotia and then to Sierra Leone. challenged the dominance of wliite directly out of the works of Jamaica's Tiic conveyance of hundreds of locksmen American music - Neil Sedaka, Doris The upward thrust of the people forced greatest son Marcus Garvey. He constantly In Kingston, leaving the rural areas to pre­ Day, Elvis Presley, etc. The cultural force Manley to return to the reformist, pressured the British to accede to black pare to go to Africa, not only gave the of the drum was emerging as a new tool of democratic socialist platform of 1940. repatriation to Africa. The movement co­ police more heads to batter, but more sig­ communication in the midst of down- This provided the left with some scope to incided with tlie coronation of Ras Tafari nificantly, opened a whole new field to pression. speak out and publish inside Jamaica, How­ of Ethiopia (formeriy Abbyssinia) as His sociologists, anthropologists and novelists. The sex and romance themes of commer­ ever, these trends did not escape the hawk Imperial Majesty, Emperor Halle Selassie Already by 1960, Norman Manley had cial white music had already infiltrated the eyed Imperialists on the North American I, King of Kings, Lord of Lords, Conquering commissioned the first report on Rastafari calypso (now part of the tourist welcome) Continent, There was a massive campaign Lion of the tribe of Judali - one of the - and the first of many documents which and the first expression of the new music mounted botli by local and foreign many fulfilled prophecies of Garvey, sought to stereotype the people's culture was Ska, precursor to Reggae. Ska was the bourgeoisie to sabotage the economy in Rastafari, tlie Caribbean Mau Mau roaming as millenarian and 'cultist'. fusion of different black musical forms futile attempts at toppling Manley. Despite the streets of Kingston, continued tlie work drawing from the Mento (dance rhytlim) the destabilisation of 1976 the P.N.P. was begun by Garvey after he left Jamaica to Part of the confusion over tlie nature of of Jamaica and the rhythm and blues of returned to power by an overwhelming estabUsh the Univensal Negro Improvement tlie movement arose out of its democratic black America. majority. Association (UNIA) in the U.S. and free-wheeUng characteristics. Groups of The state, if it could not suppress or By the mid-1970's Rasta culture became The emergence of the Rastafari culture men and women sprang up all over Jamaica, distort this popular culture, attempted to in many ways the culture of the masses. annoyed the government of Busfamante. yet with no clear central institution. Their co-opt it. For the people. Ska was created He unleashed the so-called security forces openness and humility was the political by black musicians and composed exclusive­ (continued on following pag«) (jouit police - military forces) on the response to a society organised around ly by black musicians. But under Minister

SEMPER, 6 November 1980 11 (from previous page) women are part of the resistance to the Everyday church-goers spoke of the capitalist tendency to turn human beingis Hberation of Africa and denounced the into mindless consumers. eating of the svwne. Rastafari taught the people about Ital food, (Jamaican: food INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS devoid of chemical contamination) and Those sociologists and so-called intellect­ promoted self-sufficiency. uals who viewed Rastafari as a millerian movement have failed to explain its resil­ C AMPIB TRAVEL Throughout this period (1970's), ience since Haile Selassie was toppled from Jamaican youth were becoming alienated power by the people. It cannot be explained from 'politricks', (politics), yet still with by the backward belief of Twelve Tribe, that some understanding that for the preserva­ f laile Selassie is still alive. tion of the pre-independence gains Rastafari culture has spread throughout wma you (1938-1962) they had to involve them­ the eastern Caribbean and has helped to selves in the fight against U.S. imperialism. break down the divisions between the But increasingly, their expressions of despair islands. In Dominica and St. Lucia, where were to be articulated in musical forms. the calypso of Chalkdust and Shortshirt had Bob Marley's "Catch A Fire", "Natty not become the dominant forms of rebell­ , ^ood luck! Dread", "Rastaman Vibration" and ion, the music of the rockers of Jamaica was "Exodus" were the more populist welcomed. expressions of a transitional music, which The "Dreads" (Jamaican: militant Rast­ utiUsed the most advanced and modem afari) of Dominica were a variant of Rasta in your exam; electronic equipment. The move from which, since the movement had emerged Reggae to Dub and Rockers developed a after Selassie's death, did not have to deal unique musical force. The Dub innovation with the question of his deification. The was a non-verbal form of communication movement grew rapidly. Youths calling reminiscent of the drumming of slaves. selves "Dreads" called for the end of col­ The theme of the Rockers and Dub was onialism. Under Patrick John, the Domin­ that foreign exploitation was too dread to ican political leadership not only proscribed be spoken of. Sociologists and others could the "Dreads" but in 1975 passed a law not understand the attraction for young entitling every citizen to shoot on sight any If you navent decided people - the ritual of intemaUsing one of suspected "Dreads" found on their prop­ the heaviest bass beats possible on the bass erty - a piece of legislation as savage as the guitar, while standing silently and rocking slave laws. It is not surprising that, in thL; till the wee hours of the morning. atmosphere, the colonial state went to great lengths trying to frame Desmond Trotter, the young political militant and leader of the where you will 50 By now foreign record companies were Dreads, on a murder charge. paying serious attention (as a paying propo­ sition) to the music of Rasta. Withm In Grenada the brethren have shown that Jamaica, to keep abreast of the popular with ideology and organisation they can be culture, the state-owned radio stations were mobilised to participate in a revolution. ol me end of [he forced to play the music of resistance. The More than 400 Rastas were uivolved in the irony was tHat one arm of the state was People's Liberation Army of the New Jewel forced to keep its credibility by promoting Movement which overthrew the Eric Gairy the music of defiance to the state. Yet dictatorship. Imperialism meanwhile sought always the pull was to promote the 'safer' to infiltrate the ranks of the backward elem­ expressions of Rasta culture. ents of the Rastas ui a vain effort to turn yeor,collinb The multinational record companies and back the revolution. the music magazines tried to commercialise Rasta music with pictures of Marley smoking In Trinidad, Rastafari have swelled the a spliff (Jamaican: rolled joint of marihuana) ranks of the militant Pan Africanist group but this could not counter the political NJAC (National Joint Action Committee). impact of his "K'ar" and "Rat Race". For years NJAC have been championising compu 5 Iirovf e Rockers just kept reminding the people of tlie cause of the poor masses and played a their ph^t, as Rasta brethren like Burning very important role in the disturbances of Spear, Peter Tosh, Culture, Dennis Brovwi 1970. Since that time the bourgeois gov­ and countless artistes sang the sunple but ernment of Eric WiUiams has legislated forceful message "Africa must be free, against street marches and, not surprising­ Blackman must be free, Rastafari!" ly, allocated increased funds to the Secur­ We've 5ol m ity Ministry. RASTA WOMEN In recent times the presence of Rastafari The contradictions between the negative has increased the momentum of NJAC and and positive aspects of Rastafari ciuture the Committee is putting tremendous emerge most sharply in attitudes about pressure on Williams to provide social serv­ women. The more biblical and backward ices (housing, water etc) for the people. holidoyforyou! elements, mcluding some Twelve Tribe', However, the continued aloofness and indiff­ quote Leviticus IS and 18 to justity the erence of Wilhams has led more Trinidadian separation of women during the menstrual youths to Rastafari culture. It is likely that cycle. Hie combination of this belief with Rastafari will be on the vanguard of Trin­ the values of a male-dominated society idad's next revolt. leads to men treating women with some of The movement has found adherents ui the shabby practices generated by the frus­ North America and most noticeably London trations of exploitation. and Paris where black children of immigrants But this should not be seen m isolation. have alienated themselves from the compet­ Rasta men were the first to denounce itiveness and consumptiveness of society. In aspects of the capitalist society which led London, the music of resistance is again the to the alienation and selfJiatred of black channel of expression, challenging the ineq- women. These brethren denounced the uitous conditions. Groups like Steel Pulse, Anglo American culture which glorifies Aswad and the biting poetry-cum-Reggae sex, violence and the Insecurity of those who music of Jamaican bom poet Linton Kwesi have made sex a commodity. They under­ Johnson have already served notice on the stood that sexual coercion was an essential British paiUament by constantly attracting dimension of the social relations between full houses at concerts. masters and slaves. With the globe trotting of the Wallers, CAMPUS Peter Tosh and other artists from Jamaica, All aspects of Rasta life contain elements the Rastafari culture of resistance is being of contradiction. To be sure, Rasta men spread far and wide. The Wallers attracted TRAVEL need to be Uberated from the myths about 250,000 people at one concert in West Ger­ Ground Floor, Union Building, women and the vestig^tes of mequalities in many, It wdll take Herculean efforts to the family. But women and men m theh destroy the culture of resistance and at this University of Queensland, Tel: 371 2433 daily lives, resist the Babylonian culture that stage no one is capable of achieving this turns women and men into sex objects and end except Jah himself. Peace and Love. orgasm into a profitable commodity. Rasta mimmm0mmmm0mim/mtim

12 RAPE is about POWER

here is not a woman alive whose Rape is only sligluly "forbidden fruit". lifestyle is not affected by rape. It is assumed to be condemned by the law in TFor some women, this means living our society, yet an examination of the law behind locked doors, freaking out at reveals that raped women do not enjoy tlie the sliglitest sound even during the protection of the law at all. In rape cases, daylight liours. For others it means it is the victim who is put on trial, in that keeping away from places like the her past sexual history is closely scrutinised. Tlie woman has to prove lack of consent Valley at night unless they are with a and give evidence of force. If she has chosen man, or avoiding catching the ferry not to struggle, she has little chance of being after nine or ten p.m. There are many believed. If a person has complained of more hours in the day for men than robbery, has she/he got to prove that she/he for women. Women know that once has not been in the habit of giving away night falls, their activities are money in the past? Rape laws are designed curtailed. They know the risk of to protect males against the charge of rape. hitchhiking. Many women have not Insofar as rape is an act of power, we can analysed why this is so, but if they see that all men participate in it to some extent. Rape is the extreme at one end on did they would have to admit that the continuum of sexual harassment,,and their lives are controlled to a large what man has never participated in some extent by the fear of rape. form of sexual harassment designed to control women - from a wolf-whistle to a There are many myths surrounding subtle putdown. Even when men do not rape. Central to all of lliem is tlie idea that indulge in blatant forms of sexual harass­ rape is about sex. Rape is not just about ment, they benefit from the effect that this sex. Rape is about power. It is not an conditioning has on women. It allows them arbitrary act of violence by one individual. to take the dominant role, secure in the on anotlier; rape, or the threat of it, is a knowledge that women will be passive in constant reminder to women of their power- the face of their dominafion, that women's lessness and subordinate position in this activities will be curtailed and that women's male-dominated society. Testaments by only choice will be to seek their protection, rapists have affirmed that sexual release was be supportive and nurturant. not tlieir object, but that tliey were angry The first step towards breaking the de- witli a woman for some reason and that she bilitafing hold on women of the fear of rape needed to be taught a lesson or brought is to understand rape as essentially an act dovm a peg or two.-|The rape was an act of of terror against women. The answer is not domination. Other myths wliich reinforce to lock ourselves away or to wear neck- tlie central idea of rape being about sex also to-knee clotliing. We must recognise the need to be exploded: men, but those unlucky enough to be raped is comparable to sex between consenting dynamics of rape and expose its realities, are condemned as "asking for it". Women people is as preposterous as suggesting that so that women recognise their rights, and MYTH: Rapists are usually mentally sick, are expected to walk tlie tiglitrope between food is enjoyed whether rammed violently demand them, and men recognise their perverted, and/or sexually unfulfilled. being sexually attractive and not being down one's throat or eaten normally at privileges, and agree to share them, REALITY: Rapists are not different from sexually provocative. dinner. Basically, it is a complete contra­ -LYN TAYLOR the average man - physically, sexually or diction of the meaning of rape to suggest KERRY BOWMAN psychologically. Most tend to express that tlie women in any way wanted it to ERIKA SCHWARTZ violence and rage more openly. Many are MYTH: Women enjoy being raped. happen. Nevertheless, how many movies married and/or have "normal" sexual re­ REALITY: Tlie idea tliat women could have you seen where a woman resists a /. "Cleo", August 1980. lationships. 2 possibly enjoy forced sexual intercourse is rapist at first but soon starts to enjoy it? 2. Amir, M. "Patterns of Forcible Rape", 1971, quoted in Brownmiller, S. "Against a male fantasy which confuses rape with Movies made by men to titillate male Our Will", Ringwood: Pengtdn, 1976. MYTH: Rape happens outside in dark sex, instead of violence. The idea that rape fantasies. isolated places. Rapist and victim are 3. C.E.T.A. Report, Vancouver, Canada. 75% of assailants are known to the strangers to each otlier. woman; 387o are male family members. REALITY: The majority of rapes happen in either the victim's or the rapist's home, witli the next most common location being WHAT SECURITY CAN DO TO ASSIST ••* tlie rapist's car. In over half of known cases, the rapist is known to the victim in There are now two female Security Officers - Margaret Sauer and Wendy Cross - THE RAPE REALITY SONG varying degrees of familiarity, from a on the Queensland University campus, working under the supervision of the Chief Security Officer, Mr. Tony Franks, They are available between 8am and 4pm, 7 days a trusting initial meeting to a close family Don't go out without clothes - that en­ week, and can be contacted through the Security Office, Room 215, J.D. Story Building, friend or relative,3 courages men. phone 377 3333 or ext 3333. They are available in case of urgency, after hours, by Don't go out with clothes - any clothes contacting the above number. MYTH: A woman cannot be raped by her encourage some men. Female Security Officers are here to assist any female on Campus who has suffered Don t go out alone at night • that encourages husband, harassment of any nature, or has a problem she would prefer to discuss with another men, REALITY: Since rape is an expression of female. Their experience of various problems usually helps the situation. If professional Don t go out alone at any time - any situa­ power, it can certainly occur in marriage. guidance and advice is needed, they can tell you who to contact tion encourages some men. Married women are seen as the property of Of offertccs committed against females, indecent exposure and indecent assault cause Don't go out with a female friend - some tlieir husbands and Queensland law allows the most problem. It is best when walking at night to a car park, ferry or college, to seek men are encouraged by numbers, immunity to men who compel tlieir un­ the company of another person. If your cars are parked in different areas, go to the Don t go out with a male friend - some male willing wives to have intercourse whether nearest vehicle and then get that person to drop you at your car. friends are capable of rape, or you may througli physical force or emotional black­ A number of these offences occur to people when hitch-hiking. Whilst this form of meet a rapist who will assault your friend mail. transportation Is not recommended, it is accepted that in some cases it is financially before starting on you, necessary. Some precautions to take when hitch-hiking are: MYTH: "Nice girls" don't get raped. Don V stay at home • intruders and relatives Check the occupants of the vehicle before entering. Only women who ask for it get raped. can both be rapists. Take particular notice of the vehicle; make, colour, registration number or any other REALITY: All females, from children to Avoid childhood - some rapists are turned on old women, are potential rape victims. identifying marks. by the very young, Women don't have to dress or behave pro­ Check the driver to be able to describe him should an incident occur. Avoid old age - some rapists inflict them­ vocatively to be raped. Even using a mere If possible, get into the back seat selves on aged women, gesture or way of dressing as tlie scale to Should any untoward incident occur, make sure it is reported as soon as possible to Don't have neighbours - these often rape measure provocation on the part of the the Security service and/or the Police. The female Security Officers are there so that you women. raped women, the Federal Commission on may be interviewed without embarrassment it is important that any incident, however Don't have a father, grandfather, uncle or Crimes m Canada reported that only 4 per slight is reported, because it is only by this information that we can take positive action brother • these are the relatives that most cent of reported rapes involved an pre- to apprehend the offenders or prevent its reoccurrence. On a campus of this size, there often rape women, cipitative behaviour on the part of the are inevitably some problems, but with good communication between students and the Don't ever marry - rape does occur within women. Our society entices and rewards Security service, offenders can be identified and the number of offences reduced. o marriage. women who appear sexually attractive to TO BE QUITE SURE DON'T EXIST.

SEMPER, 6 November 1980 13

Communal Land Ownership Making it Legal

espite opposition and condemnation from the forces of conservatism, the family as a basic unit in society is beginning to breakdown. IVlany people Dare rejecting the once universally held notion that they'll settle down one day into a nuclear group. Two adults, with a few kids, car, colour TV and a mortgage just isn't Nirvanah anymore. Some choose instead a solitary lifestyle, others settle into small and large groups.

Many people are also rejecting the city lifestyle. They are angered by the idiotic struct­ ures, pollution, needless industrialisation and the numerous other onerous aspects to urban dwelling. Food is tainted by chemicals, over-processed and over-priced. Noise and lack of privacy grate, and we grow further away from nature. So some city people are moving out into the country to try and base their lives on more acceptable structures. For these and other reasons many people are beginning to form into groups with other like-minded persons. They have certain ideas on how their communal lives should work. Some share wages and responsibility for children; for others arrangements are more for con­ venience and company. Communal groups work in different ways, and many collapse be­ cause the rules are new and developing. One way to ensure the success of a communal group is to give it a firm legal basis. Just ^ as marriage is a legal contract, communal groups can adopt legal structures. This is especially useful for purchasing land. The Student Legal Service at the University of Queensland Union has prepared a book­ let called "Alternative Lifestyle Groups; Ownership of Land and Organisation of Commun­ ities". It is available from the legal service for a small fee. Printed below is a simplified ver­ sion of the booklet. - ANNE JONES

Drawings by JUDY DUNN JOINT TENANCY by the rules of the group. The rules may stipulate, for instance, that a member is to In this method of owning land all the sell his porUon lo the other owners if he members have their names on tlie Title wishes to leave (or at least to offer it to Deed as joint tenants. It is subject to the them). Or if he sells to an outsider, the arising on any dissolution of the community. not only cover the purchasing of the group's Rule of Survivorsliip. That is, when one purchaser is to obtain the approval of the A formal partnership may be suitable or land but also the running of the com­ joint tenant dies his interest passes auto­ remaining tenants. another means of joint ownership. munity. Co-operatives, Uke companies, are matically to the surviving joint tenant/s. One problem involving time and ex­ Where there is a small stable membership, distinct legal entities, separate from their pense is that when a new member wants to a partnersliip preferably in writing and members. It holds the land in its own name, Another feature of tills type of owner­ buy into the group there must be a fonnal adequately regulated is a reasonably suitable and continues to exist despite the coming ship is that if one joint tenant sells up it transfer at the Real Property Office. medium for joint ownersliip and and going of members. Basically it can do severs the joint tenancy. The result is that organisation of Ihe community. The Partner­ everything an ordinary person can legally the remaining members and any incoming PARTNERSHIP ship Act should be thoroughly researched do. In many aspects it simplifies matters members will usually become Tenants in discussed and understood before entering enormously having a co-operative or Common, Problems also arise If someone Often alternative lifestyle people will into partnership. company as the legal entity responsible wants to sell their interest but the others band together and, without any kind of rather than a group of people. Of course don't. It is possible to make an application formalisation, they will haphazardly con­ COOPERATIVES the people involved, control what the co­ to the Court under the Property Law Act tribute land, capital, building materials, operative does. to allow sale to go ahead. labour, skills etc. to the community. Usually it is without ever Questioning their legal Tradifionally co-operatives are widely Joint tenancy is generally unsuitable for used in Queensland, to provide credit, in­ The Registrar of Co-operative communal alternative lifestyles. It is position. Eventually trie social system witliin Societies must be satisfied of three basic the group may break down, and the surance, health services, marketing of probably more suitable for a permanent produce, increase bargaining power and so essentials before he will approve the form­ couple relationships. questions of properly division etc. come ation of a co-operative. First, a need in the up. The safety-net of rules provided in the on. The alternative life-style movement frequently uses co-operatives in other states, community must be shown. Second, the' TENANTS IN COMMON Partnersliip Act can be sought. There may prospective participants must have a be immense problems in recovering invest­ but not so often in Qld. This is probably because Queensland co-operatives require a practical awareness of the necessity to solve In this method the hold of land is in ment. If the elements of a partnership can that need and finally, a feasibility study be shown (i.e. it was for gain, carried on as minimum of 25 shareholders which is much individual shares' by a group of people. The higher than in other states. must show that the participants could have Title Deed is in the names of all those a legal business, etc.) the land may be the financial capacity and purposeful drive Under the Co-operative and Other buying the land. Usually, each person has a regarded as partnersliip property and can to make it work. Societies Act a "Community Settlement share in the land in proportion to the be sold for the benefit of all partners. Society" can be formed for "the object of Co-operatives can be ^ven various types amount of money he has provided of the In any event, the important tiling is tliat acquiring land in order to settle or to retain of power, i.e. the power to sell or let land purchase price. haphazard arrangements such as these should people thereon, and providing any com­ to its members, to raise money on loan, to Each member may dispose of his interest be formalised as soon as possible, in order munity service or benefit." Co-operatives as he likes, although this may be regulated. to avoid such dislocation and uncertainty

16 purchased and plans for improvements. this legislation is in most respects identical company. A Unit Trust (where units or This is also affected by whether the capital with the current legislation. shares are held under the trust by individual is to come from shares or outside loans. The address of the Commissioner for memben) can also be useful. There is easy erect buildings, arrange insurance on behalf One important matter which has been Corporate Affairs is: transferability of units to incoming members of members, provide facilities for education, handled differently by different companies who just buy the units of outgoing members recreation or otlier community purposes. is the matter of allocation of land for in­ 213 Turbot St., or subscribe for new units. Naturally, powers and rules can be tailored dividual families' homes and gardens etc. to meet special needs. Co-operatives can BRISBANE. Qld. 4000. One such company has set aside only re­ Telephone: 31 0201. only be formed with limited liability, which stricted areas for communal use, with the A property organised trust is a good way is necessary if you're about to become in­ rest of the land available to members on to operate a community, althou^ there are volved v«th people you don't know. INCORPORATION UNDER THE long-term leases (e.g. 99 years). RELIGIOUS, EDUCATIONAL AND pitfsJIs which make them undesirable for There are registers and accounts to be some groups. Also, a good accountant is kept, returns to be filed, meetings to be held necessary to handle taxation matters which and audits to be done. Management is by can be complex. elected Directors, with various rules setting out the decision-making process (e.g. Constructive Trust decisions are by a majority of members In a commune where many improvements present) but there is no reason why there have been made by people other than the should not be free and informal discussion legal owner or the money to buy the land during such meetings, with decisions being was advanced by the members, it may be reached by concensus of members present. unfmr lo allow the legal owner lo have the Also each shareholder has only one property and improvements e.g. on dis­ vote despite the number of shares he holds. solution of the community. Then a Con­ The equality of rights and powers between structive Trust can be implied by the law. members is a strong tlieme in this legislation. The result is lliat the people who have paid There arc some disadvantages in the co­ for or improved the land will be regarded as operative method. Uke the formalities in the true owners of the land. nirming of cooperatives and the need to ob­ tain the formid approval of the Registrar. VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS However, the co-operative can be tailor- A voluntary association i.e, an unincorp­ made to meet the needs of a large com­ orated group, such as a club, is probably munal group. There is a comprehensive suitable lo a loose non profit group. How­ safety-net of rules limited liability, easy ever the major drawback of a voluntary purchase and transfer of shares. In­ association is that serious commercial and corporation costs are relatively cheap; legal problems can arise. A voluntary associa­ there is almost no stamp duty. Generally tion isn't regarded as being separate from its there are no formal running costs. members, e.g. it cannot be sued in its own As in all methods of purchase, stamp name. Similarly such an association cannot duty must be paid on the actual transfer hold property in its own name nor enter of the land and there are registration fees long term contracts such as leases. There are payable at the Real Property Office. lots of pitfalls, for instances executive mem­ Solicitors' costs are on top of these. An­ bers could be personally liable for the debts other drawback is that if the group qualifies of the association. However, it does assure as a "co-operative" in the eyes of the Tax the continuance of the ideal of the group Department, its profits are taxed at tlie usual despite turnover of members. company rate of 46 per cent. The pitfalls or drawbacks associated with Overall, the co-operative seems to be a a voluntary association generally make it an good method of buying land and operating unsuitable vehicle for the organisation of a a community where membership is large and community or the ownership of property. Ukely to be fluctuating. U enables the com­ However there is a proposed Queensland munity to exist independently of its Act which would give voluntary associations members and their coming and going. Most, the status of legal entities, like companies if not all, contingencies which arise can be Otherwise the rules of the company can CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS ACT have, which would allow them to hold land met. state that shares carry the right to use and etc. Useful addresses for those interested in occupy a certain area of the land upon As the name suggests, bodies may be forming a co-operative are as follows: specified terms and conditions. The actual incorporated under this Act if their objective parcels can be allocated to members at is religious, educational or charitable. In­ MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS Registrar of Co-operative & Other Societies, meeting and recorded in the company's corporation under the Act is regarded as .213 Turbot Street, Minute Book. This is a very simply pro­ being "tlie seal of approval of the establisli- fa) Squatters, Lessees BRISBANE. Qld. 4000. cedure and, of course, legally bindmg ment" and so is not granted Ughtly. It is not uncommon for itinerant groups Telephone: 31 0201 between the company and the member. to squat on Crown Land. Squatting does It is by far the cheapest (50c) and the constitute a trespass and may result in civil The Co-operative Federation of Qld, easiest way to incorporate. There arc no or criminal sanctions. However, there is G.P.O. Box 2066, There are many advantages in the continuing obligations such as lodgment of quite a deal of scope for groups to lease returns etc. after registration. BRISBANE. Qld. 4000. company method. It is easy to transfer a Crown Land from the Lands Administration Telephone: 36 3199' member's interest which of course is tied to It must be economically viable, and Commission, much of which can eventually the purchase and sale of shares. The liave an acceptable constitution. be freeholded at nominal prices, Tlie PRIVATE COMPANY company continues to exist irrespective of Say, registration under the religious head Minister for Lands can grant special leases these transfers of shares. Any special con­ is sought. The community wouid be in­ for any purposes he sees fit, e.g. professional This is the most common method of pur- ditions needed to be covered are merely vestigated to sec if there were ministers of fishermen have been known to lease small clming land and organising the community. inserted in the rules. Stamp duty on trarufer religion (or equivalent), a place of worship, plots of beach land on which they have been allowed to erect shacks. Miners' Homestead Companies are incorporated under the of shares is based on the value of the shares. services were held etc. Perpetual Leases arc granted under the Companies Act, and the general company Unfortunately it is not cheap to set up There can be other objectives to the a company - more than $200.00 in filing principle one, but these shouldn't be too M^es Acts, and are an example of obtaining law principles apply to the creation, main­ perpetual leaseholds at a usually low rental. tenance and organisation of a company and fees, plus solicitor's costs, and between counter-cultural for fear of putting the $50.00-575.00 every year for the lodgment Justice Department off-«ide. There are such leases around Stanthorpe of the rights and responsibilities of its and North Queensland and a new area has members. The company is a legal entity of the Annual Return. Also it is necessary As well as corporate personality, the Act to hold meetings, keep books, file accounts, provides for limited liability, the holding and opened a little way south of Cooktown. The in its own ri^t, and has perpetual succession leases can be sold at market value. (exists despite coming and going of maintain registers, and ensure that all the leasing of land etc. There is no distribution members) and, most importantly, the fonns etc required to be kept or filed are of assets to members on winding-up; they are to go to a similar organisation. Members limited liability. in fact filed. fb) Licensees can avoid tliis by lending capital to buy land, The rules of the company bind it and its The income Tax Assessment Act imposes Instances also arise where groups are held etc. Probably only groups actually members to the same extent as if they had further obligations on companies. If a together and dominated by the charisma of company makes a profit it is taxed at the concerned witli reUgion or education would one member who holds the real property in been signed by each member. Companies be able to incorporate under this Act. are lunited to 50 members. rale of 46 percent. that person's own right and enables othfer They have all the powers set down Every community that uses the company members to reside on the premises. It should TRUSTS in the Companies Act except where they should have a copy of the Companies Act. be noted that people allowed to reside on have been altered by the rules of the A simpUfied guide in this field is "Pro­ the land in such circumstances have the Expressly Constituted Trusts company. These rules should be detailed prietary Company Practice Manual", by status of "Ucensees" only. Tlie major draw­ By this method, the trustee owns the land enough to generally cover any situation that R.V. Miller published by the Law Book back of such a status is that licensees can be Company. It is likely that the Act will be on trust for the members. Land is usually evicted practically at will and are afforded could arise. allocated to members for their use. The The amount of share capital in the com­ superseded by the Federal Uniform Com­ panies Act sometime in 1980. However, trustee can be a person or a Umited liability pany is tailored to the amount of land to be (continuod on fonowlng page)

17 SEMPER, 6 November 1980 (from previous page) purchase the property in a certain time. Similariy, the promoters of a company little or no protection under any of the which is being formed can enter into a con­ current property or tenancy legislation in tract with the seller on behalf of that com­ this Slate. pany. Stamp Duty The Stamp Act casts a very wide net over Stamp Duly is, generally speaking, pay­ any agreements to buy land. It is best in able on any documents or instruments this type of case to seek legal advice to brought into being, and would be payable avoid excessive stamp duty. on every purchase of land by any group. Always remember that the seller of land Similarly, stamp duly is payable when the always has the upper hand in any trans­ property is distributed amongst the various action and if the buyer of land defaults, members of the group upon termination of normally the seller is entitled to keep any that group. There are, however, some stamp deposit paid. Always be careful when buying duty concessions in the Stamp Act in con­ land. The terms of any contract are prepared nection with the purchase of land. by the seller, his agent, or his solicitor and should be read carefully; and legal advice sought before signing, Outlays and Expenses The purchase of land and organisation CONCLUSION of a community always results in financial obligations on members e.g, land owner­ The particular legal vehicle chosen to own ship results in an obligation to pay Rates property and run a community can be and sometimes. Land Tax, Also, there will tailored to suit individual situations, such be many other costs and charges which will as the number of members, whether the be incurred by the community. So that the membership is fluctuaUng and whether the burden of meeting these costs and expenses land will be used merely for a weekend can be distributed equitably amongst the retreat or is to be used on a more per­ members of a particular group, it provides manent basis with some commercial in­ for that. It is usual to have individual tentions in the minds of the members. Most members contribute to the payment of such importantly, however, the effort and H41 YOUR %Jt/kM BEEN TAKEN I consls or expenses on a basis proportional resources of communal members should lo their interest in the group. not be thwarted unnecessarily by inadequate initial planning consideration. It is essential ITUDENT TRAYEE OPERATEI Alll Buying Land to have a sound basis for the ownership of In many cases the "promoters" of a any communal property and for the or­ CHARTER EEIOHTI TO AHA IN DEC- group will need to purchase land before the ganisation of that community. EIHIBER & JANUARY AND THERE ARE entity organising the community has been The acts referred to in this article may formed. be purchased from: f THE A EIIHITED NUMBER OE lEATl There are various ways to buy land on behalf of others or on behalf of another Tlie Government Printer, ON PEAK DEPARTURE DATEI. entity e.g. an "option to purchase" can be George Street, entered into, A sum is paid to the seller, BRISBANE. Qld. 4000. DON'T IHIII OUT AGAIN ! who agrees to give the members a riglit to Telephone: 229 3077

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18 —music.

I find Gary Numan's "Telekon" to be a l/i^¥t^oiiu)^. far more enjoyable record. Numan has always been subjected to ._ iMfm much vitriol (this reviewer included) but at least he remains honest to his own limit­ IntiPpns ations. Conlraclual ObligalionAlbyffi^ However, "Telekon" does see Numan expanding on these limitations. This is

t. <^ ^ .-^ ,,-v r*.

SCARY MONSTERS: David Bowie THE RIVER: Bruce Springsteen, RCA by a duck; and "I Like Chinese" is just "We TELEKON: Gary Numan The new Springsteen double album Love the Yangtse" alt over again. But I It's a rather sad question to have to ask opens with resilience. The first side begins suppose one niust allow Pythons to rest on but, in 1980, do we still need David Bowie? with songs of Immediate appeal. These are their laurels; they've got plenty. "Scary Monsters" is a disgusting record. songs of typical Springsteen effervescence. The album is funny. John Denver is suing. For the past decade Bowie has been credited The last track, "Independence Day", is a Chabrol stops at nothing. I'm having treat­ as the sole innovative force in an otherwise slow, haunting message to his father about ment. And La Fontaine can get knotted. creative wasteland. In 1980 we see him rev­ changes that have overtaken their lives. erting back to his old tricks and only particularly evident in the vocals with his The second side takes off with tracks retreading the worst areas of his past work. mispronounciations of words. Examples of which are brilliantly executed by the E "It's No Game" opens and closes the record this are to be found in tracks such as "I Die; Street Band, lapses into some ordinary while Tom Verlaine's "Kingdom Come" is You Die" and "This Wreckage" where pieces but is rescued by the title track. The given a very poor treatment. Numan's approximation of "you" sounds title track is a testament to Springsteen's Bowie seems undecided about his place more like "yow". continued growth since his milestone album in music. He attempts to revert to the Musically, "Telekon" is a stronger album 'Darkness on the Edge of Town'. It is about acoustic qualities of his "Hunky Dory" than "The Pleasure Principle". With the re- life In industrial America, a shotgun marriage period with "Up the Hill Backwards" but introduction of guitars and slightly off­ and marital estrangement. ifails dismally. beat percussion, this record has a more Perhaps the worst insult he gives us is to palatable sound in comparison to the ster­ be found In "Ashes to Ashes". Here one can ility of the last album. The song is entirely appropriate at the find the charlatan trying to resurrect Major "Telekon" is not a great record, but at start of another three years of Fraser-induc- Tom from his airside grave. Needless to say, least Numan has minimised the pose factor ed malaise. The shame is that its five minute it's been his biggest hit in years. in his music and come to grips with his own length will ensure that it never gets played No more heroes, Bowie. Pack it in while creative aspirations. on commercial radio, you're still ahead. -TGNVGILSON "Point Blank" explores similar themes. After that the album Is an unhappy mix of tracks of real merit and others which simply TRAVELOGUE: The Human League serve to fill a double album. Songs like Earlier this year, the Human League was "Fade Away" and "Stolen Car" are of a high invited to support the Talking Heads for a standard, but too many songs depend on tour of Britain. They accepted and began to good production, the sheer skill of the E prepare a show. A light, slide and film dis­ Street Band and themes which were explor­ play with tapes of their music was designed ed and exhausted on earlier albums. to be accompanied around Britain by a technician. When the promoter heard, the However the exploitation of old images offer was withdrawn. Pity, no doubt it of midnight highways, the promised land at would have enthralled. the end of the thin white line and escape The Human League are seriously pointy- from dreary working class life does not de­ headed people. Even the name suggests tract from the impressive and original works that they are a different race. Something that appear on this double set. like normal people indulging in the Lions It would be a tragedy if the musical skill Club or the Loyal Order of the Buffalo. and creative talent that abounds in 'The Riv­ The band has four members; one deals er' was to be for the exclusive consumption totally with the visuals. So listening to of established Springsteen fans. It is a re­ Human League records, one suspects there freshing change from the ordinary and the is a dimension missing. But not enough to pretentious drivel that is dished-up to list­ detract. ening audiences. The other three band members supply From the songs that celebrate life, like the musical content, which is synthesizers "Sherry Darling", to those which attempt to and vocals only. The Human League sound tackle themes of alienation, 'The River' rep­ is always punchy and the lyrics are at the resents a continued growth In the musical poetry end of rock. career of Bruce Springsteen, 'Darkness on the Edge of Town' laid to rest the lingering "Travelogue" Is their second album. suspicions that Springsteen was a slick plag­ There are eleven tracks. They are in the good iarist, 'The River' proves that in Springsteen to great range. there is a writer and performer who deserves all the credit that comes his way. Listen to the voice of Buddha Saying stop your sericulture - PETER APPLEGARTH "Being Boiled" is probably my particular favourite. But it is difficult to pick between the tracks. "Life Kills" is also wonderful. MONTY PYTHON'S CONTRACT­ And how can one resist the glorious cover UAL OBLIGATION ALBUM version of Gary Glitter's "Rock 'n Roll". Presumably it is. One can imagine the Another of the cover versions on "Travel­ Python crew preferring the rigours of album ogue" is called "Gordon Gin". It has no production to Dartmoor. Unfortunately, the vocals. This music was originally used as a album feels as though it's been made because backing track for a Gordon's cinema it had to be rather than the natural, spon­ advertisement. These guys are In touch with taneous flowering of surreal humour. the culture. Most of the tracks have used concepts "Travelogue" is an excellent album. that the Pythons have employed in the past. Sericulture is the breeding of silkworms for "Bookshop" borrows heavily from "Cheese- the production of raw silk. shop"; "Farewell to John Denver" is ^ONES achieved by strangulation rather than attack

SEMPER, 6 November 1980 19 cam Tet-up

Ringo Starr drumming for Kiss? A they'll lose on this tour, their limousine fatal Who-type stampede In Melb­ requirements (in Australia, a funeral car) and ourne? Lang Park to be exorcised of the list goes on. Satanic spirits? You've got to give it Even the ABC (or more specifically, and inevitably. Countdown) obliged with an to Kiss - they've hired a crack group hour's free advertising in the form of a Kiss of publicists who've sold a continual, special. Interviews with three seemingly re­ well-directed and escalating barrage of tarded and, under their make-up, gormless hype via the Australian media to a male cliches and a quite erudite, insightful gullible Australian public. The task Gene Simmons were interspersed with prom­ they faced was tough: to maintain otional fdm clips to produce an hour's prime interest in the corporation-cum-band exposure. called Kiss for five solid months bet­ The most recent "controversy" has been ween the opening of ticket sales in the 'KISS' equals 'Knights In Satan's Service' July and the "event" at the end of scam, wliich, with the aid of some outraged clergy, has put Kiss back on the front pages November. where they like to be. How often do you get And the media have fallen for it. Beat-up a well executed capitalist gimmick interpret­ story after beat-up story based on what ed as a form of occult religion? But who must have been a mountain of press rel­ cares, exposure equals money, and the eases have ensured that Kiss are never more Christians have been pretty helpful at gen­ than two oi three pages away from tlie erating publicity for the band of late, A rec­ front page, if not sitting riglU on it. Aided ent revivalist meeting in the States featured by clergy. Ministers of the Crown, the in­ a large neon sign denouncing the band. It evitable and tedious morals campaigners, read: Jesus was betrayed by a KISS. ratings-hungry radio stations and newspaper This ploy of portraying the band as a sub-editors who can't spot a free ad, we've source of evil has worked well, Sylvia da been fed a continuous stream of "inside" Costa Roque seemed to take the bait when Kiss facsimiles take to the streets of Brisbane (Photo courtesy Courier Mail! information; the band's food tastes, acc­ she wrote: Why is this group that turns omodation and sleeping requirements, their small children into raging screaming mon­ oldest trick in the public relations book; Kiss march in Brisbane and one in Sydney security entourage, items on the contract sters allowed to come to this city? (Sun­ any publicity is good publicity. with an alleged 5000 participants. rider like flowers, sUver dinner services day Mail, August 3 1980, p2). Great stuff! Especially when your product is on the As for the "riot" which occurred before and large numbers of towels, their penchant It's almost worth paying $13.50 just to see decline all over the world. Why hasn't the and in conjunction with the opening of for nuts and mineral water, their non- this supporting cast of rapng screaming Australian media been reporting the half ticket sales in Brisbane for the Lang Park involvement with drugs, how much money monsters let alone the band itself. It's the empty venues across America on the band's concert, Sylvia da Costa Roque described last tour there? How about the fact that it the participants as "carrying on like little failed to sell out it's London gigs? Or the maniacs". Well, the poor critters needn't fact that instead of playing Madison Square have bothered since the tickets they queued Garden in New York they played the much up and fought for were, like all the rest, smaller capacity Paladium? Why not tell us unreserved, so if you walk in and buy one that the "Unmasked" album has been much of the many remaining tickets tomorrow, it's less than a runaway sales success? just as good as theirs. Which may give an Why not? Because the sales of those Kiss- insight into the intelligence of Kiss fans. franchised ice-blocks, shopping bags, diaries, But like all teen phenomena and idols. guitars, posters, sleeping-bags, calenders, Kiss will fade as surely as the pubes of their GET fans begin to sprout and proliferate. Let's watches, masks, records, badges and other trash all depend on the hyped image of the face it, they're not even half as cute as ex- band. And because the marketing of Kiss teen idols David Cassidy, the Bay City products is expected to earn in Australia Rollers or even Leif, to name but a few of YOURS $15 million, compared to only $2.5 million the many. Well see how big they are this in ticket sales. time next year. We've even got ONLY 50,000 Kiss coins As for the concert, well, I wouldn't miss minted and on sale for ONLY $10 each! it for quids! All those raging screaming Interestingly the Brisbane company which monsters as Sylvia calls 'em. I thought that, minted the coins was previously minting just to be different from the rest of the coins for the Guide Dogs for the Blind. crowd, 1 wouldn't wear Kiss makeup, even Gene Simmons (the one with the tongue) though 111 feel a bit of a berk as the odd even reckons Chrysler in the States are one out. Or maybe not, maybe there'll be a SELL YOUR currently working a a Kiss car! Does this few of us there, if tour co-ordinator Ron mean that it produces lots of smoke or Blackmore is to be believed: "There's going OLD TEXTBOOKS maybe even belches flames or flies. No to be a lot of people at the concert who wonder Chrysler's in a financial mess. HATE Kiss, can't stand them. But they'll CASH OR COMMISSION The Kiss Army, the corporation's Fan go because they've heard of the fantastic club aka publicity body has had a fuUtime effects the band uses." Count me in. See ya at the STUDENT UNION "executive" working in Sydney for several there. BOOKSHOP months now. During that time we've seen a -PETER STEINHEUER

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20 -BOOKS. For Children of the New Depression ELMER THE RAT: By Patrick Cook. Puffin $2.25. BEAR DINKUM: By Neil Curtis. Boobook $7.95.

It does not surprise me that the The title character is a young koala who world is a vicious and cruel place on never had a mother but who does have a the edge of a mutually destructive schizophrenic father who turns from world war. tougli wheat farmer to Bearsnikov, Grand Master of the Cooralong Imperial Ballet. When you consider the way kids are Bear Dinkum receives a Wglily unorthodox socialised, it is surprising tliat society con­ ballet training urged by cricket bat and tinues to exist at all. Kids are brought up on stock whip and when his father puts him in a mixture of convenient lies and fear of front of the combine harvester Ids long, corporal punishment that leaves them witli arching jetes take on an urgent grace. little reason to believe or trust anyone. Here we liave a couple of children's books After his father dies and while engaged that treat the world and interpersonal in a bowel movement, the young Dinkum relations with a degree of openness and notices two small creatures battling it out honesty while still retaining the anthro­ to tlie death. Tliere and then he develops pomorphic form (the books are, after all, Ballet Frappe. . . a fusion of classical ballet about a rat and a koala bear). and the all-in brawl. Australia's primo cartoonist, Patrick After recruiting his troupe from the dole Cook, has tumed his hand to a children's queue, they make their debut at a benefit book and tl\e result, "Elmer the Rat" is a concert for starving squatters attended by cautionary tale par excellence. tlie Prime Minister. Tlie concert quickly The writing is easy and would suit a kid turns into an all-in brawl and, as the Arts around the eight to ten range, but be Minister's sado-masochism is more than warned, this litUe number has all tlie cutting satisfied, Bear Dinkum and co. get a chance wit and savage cynicism that Cook has made at the Operhaus. famous in liis cartoons and his National Times column "Not tlie News". For their performance the troupe is Tl\e story concerns a very hungry rat armed with pneumatic drills and elements called Elmer. Elmer Uves on tlie Sydney of Rugby League are introduced into Ballet waterfront with a grumpy motlier and a Frappe. Needless to say the Operahaus is father who was crippled when he was liit destroyed and Bear Dinkum gets a telegram by a van full of toilet accessories while from Leonid Bearshnev saying "Contact making a dash across tlie big road to tlie Bolshoi or else." fish shop on the other side. Both tliese- books are refresliingly real The young rat seems to be patliologicaliy and avowedly Australian contributions to hungry and when the seagulls tell him about children's literature. the "Other Place" where all the food comes -STEVE STOCKWELL from he stows away. On board he is heavied by vicious ship's rats and the boots and knives of sailors. When he gets to the Other Race he finds that not only is there no food THE OATH OF BAD BROWN BILL: Stephen Axelsen, Puffin, $2.95 soft shopping witli small children show them a but, quelle horreur, it is raining as well. cover. copy. Tliey may be impressed. Eventually he returns to Sydney in a box of Tlie problem witli reviewing small Children's Book Council Picture Book of -TIM LOW McCombies Mackerel Snax and is reunited children's books is that the audience at tlie Year Award. It is cheap - $2.95 - and with farnily and friends. which they are aimed is too young to offer durable and is unmistakably Australian, Elmer is certainly a child of the new much articulate comment. Hence sym­ witli a bushranging theme and mention of depression and this is the sort of book that pathetic adults have to step in and decide WooUongong, Queensland, Broome and chUdren growing up in Fraser's AustraUa whether a book such as The Oath of Bad Mudgee. need. The book tells them that hunger is a Brown Bill is 'suitable', or 'inappropriate', But will children enjoy it? I must be reality and that hopes for anything better or 'educational', or whatever. honest and confess I have no idea. The are baseless. This is the sort of stuff kids rhyming story - about an arrogant bush­ need to know if tliey are to grow up any­ Since parents have the final say on what ranger who makes a promise he can't keep where near sane. books are bought, their cliildren are at the and refomis - seems trite and moralistic. Another Australian cliildren's book that mercy of an array of adult authors, adult I like Dr. Seuss much better. The artwork is deals reahstically with the savageries of editors, adult publishers, adult reviewers, more impressive. The drawmgs are filled modem existence is Neil Curtis' "Bear and adult purchasers. One wonders how witli detail, and avoid garish primary Dmkum". The writing is a bit harder in this many children's books are designed wholly colours, although whether children prefer one and probably best read to kids. to attract the adults who hold the dollars, this 1 cannot say. with cynical disregard for the ultimate Unfortunately tlie colour registration on consumer. my copy is misaligned on some pages, giving Hopefully this is not the case witli Bad a fuzzy effect. Oh well, it only cost $2.95. Brown Bill. Tliis book has a lot going for it, I was also disturbed to see so many UNIQUE BATIK at least in adult terms. It won the Australian prickly pear cacti in tlie illustrations; tliese Book Pubhshers Association Desip Award noxious weeds don't deserve the publicity. BEAUTIFUL JEWELLERY for the best children's book for 1979, and Overall, the Oath of Bad Brown Bill EXQUISITE PERFUMES was commended in the 1979 Australian seems reasonable value. Next time you are Handmade Asian and Australian Clothing Smokers Requisites eclectic, candid and witty mosaic, re- about the Labor victory (1972), a long and Bhongs and Rolling- DAYS OF WINE AND RAGE: flectmg the forces behind contemporary bitter debate about playwright David papers Edited by Frank Moorhouse, Penguin Australian mores and style." In fact, it is Williamson, Cosmos magazine justifying it­ self, and poems by Michael Dransfield and Alternative Books and paperback $5.95. mostly Moorhouse's personal homage to Frank Moorhouse is deservedly popular Balmain in the seventies; a celebration of Pi 0. Fascinating stuff, but what's it all Magazines the Sydney suburb that nurtured so many about? Moorhouse has produced such a COMIX as an Australia writer of short stories. His personalised history of the seventies that it evocative and often sexually explicit tales of Australia's new writers, poets, and fUm- Jncence and Posters makers. Moorhouse speaks of the suburb's means little to anyone else. draw heavily on personal experience - e.g. pubs, soap factories, and poetry readings Nonetheless, Days of Wine and Rage is the homosexual affair in Tales of Mystery with such affection that one can almost worth reading, selectively at least. Many of SHOP 3 and Romance, allegedly based on a real- forgive his apparent delusion that Balmain the articles paint an intriguing picture of ELIZABETH life relationship widi writer Michael Wilding. is the centre of social change in Australia. Balmain's trendy anarchist community. ARCADE If Moorhouse had limited the selection Moorhouse's lucid commentary is a delight ELIZABETH While Moorhouse's personalised style of articles to those written by himself (the to read, although his libertarian anarchist majority) and fellow Balmainophiles, the posturings eventually become tedious. STREET suits his fiction writing, it is less successful in an editorial role. His edited selection of book might have worked. But he has thrown Stripped of its pretensions as an historical articles - Days of Wine and Rage - comes in such an odd mix of contributions that and cultural document, Days of Wine and out a lumpy and uneven mix. one wonders what it's all about. We have Rage is still a good book.. Wine and Rage purports to be "an Laurie Cakes and David Solomon talking -TIM LOW

SEMPER, 6 November 1980 21 BOOHS. Stillborn with Cliches STILL LIFE WITH WOODPECKER: Tom Robbins, Angus & Robertson, Paperback.

People seem to react in two distinct to glorifying himself in his books. Like and the revelations about the characters ways to Tom Robbins novels; they find Alfred Hitchcock he has to make an appear­ and the Remington SL3 too late. You have them amusing or silly. His last two novels, ance in his own works. I knew he liked to got there before him. AfUM LElpn "Another Roadside Attraction" and "Even paint liimself into his stories, but did not Robbins likes to write about female Cowgirls Get The Blues" achieved a degree realise how much until they put liis picture characters - in fact he glorifies them as of critical acclaim, and a cult following. on the back of this book. He looks just like mystic, all-powerful people who cope in Unfortunately, this may prove the undoing the heroes of the last three books. every situation - though one adds to one­ of his third novel, "Still Life With Wood­ The method he uses in his writing is, on pecker". It is described on tlie cover blurb self, "just like a man". In fact the women in the surface, an interesting idea. He begins all his novels are stereotyped. They are tall, as "a sort of a love story that takes place with the words "If this typewriter can't do inside a pack of Camel cigarettes". sylph-like, sexually inviting and adventurous, it then fuck it, it can't be done." The and with long hair of all colours. He uses Remington SL3 plays a leading role in the coy, cutesy words to describe that sexuality The explanation is cutesy and clever, novel, as a mechanism on which, and around - like referring to Princess Leigh-Cher's and that's the problem. If your suspicions wliich the story is woven. The pleasures and vagina as her "peachfish". are aroused by that, then the rest of the difficulties of tlie machine's handling of blurb will confirm them. This pop novel certain words and functions serves as his 1 cannot recommend "Still Life With purports to "explain the purpose of the lead into his various topics. Unfortunately, Woodpecker" to anyone - even Robbins moon. . . the difference between criminals an otherwise novel idea ends up a tedious fans. There is nothing new here. Nothing to and outlaws, examines the conflict between wank by chapter 106. (He writes short get worked up about. He seems to be a social activism and romantic individualism, chapters). product of Vietnam and the early seventies and paints a portrait of contemporary - topics he refers to constantly in all three A SORT OF A LOVE STOBY society that includes powerful arabs, exiled If the book has one major flaw it is that books. He writes about characters who were royalty and pregnant cheerleaders. It also it is the same as the last two. Just the same. ideals of that era, and writes as if he never deals with the problem of redheads." Devices which were exciting in "Roadside left it. If you are one of those sixties throw- TOM ROBBINS The saddest indictment of the book is Attraction", and well developed but re­ backs, who hasn't had any fun since there that it lives up to the cover notes. After a petitive in "Cowgiris" are downright dull was no Vietnam War to protest against, couple of pretty good books Robbins is in "Still Life". You get the feeling you've read this book to recapture your youth. "Still Ufe" a wide berth. You won't have forcing it. He seems to be bending over read it all before. The ideas are not fresh, But if you've grown up and are more con­ missed much. backwards to be clever. He is also addicted the peculiar thought processes predictable, cerned about what's coming next, then ^ve -KJAZ PERRY J

Instruments of Retaliation THE BASS SAXOPHONE Josef Skvorecky, Picador. THE FLUTE PLAYER: D.M. Thomas, Picador.

Picador have a well earned reputation childhood anecdotes, that drift into ir- and raped, she and her artistic friends are Thomas has created a remarkable surreal as publishers of obscure but high quality relevancies (by the way the most intriguing constant victims of oppressive governments epic - based upon the histories of Beriin literature - novels of literary or cultural section of The Bass Saxophone is in the and societies of the left and right. and Russia - in which the people are passive value that never reach tlie mass market. lengthy introduction - Skvorecky's tribute True to stereotype, Elena's artistic peers pawns manipulated by unseen rulers. Artists So it is with two recent Picador relcases- to jazz - which argues that communism remain entirely apolitical, and the novel are praised, then downgraded, as different The Bass Saxophone by Josef Skvorecky and fascism are identical in their intolerance moves eerily througli sudden metamorphoses anonymous governments decide what is and The Flute Player by D.M. Tliomas. of art, which totalitarian rulers see as un­ of government from fascist to socialist, acceptable and what is not. Tlie author's controllable and a threat to their control: liberal and authoritarian. Tiie changes are anarchistic message is clear - government is "How else explain tlie fact that so many mirrored in Elena's suffering (the various an irrelevant burden on the people, The Bass Saxophone comprises two titles on Senator Joe McCarthy's index of governments rarely offer anything positive), especially the creaUve. His tale is well worth novellas by a prominent Czech exile; one books to be removed from the shelves of as she is abused in political prisons, forced reading. set in Nazi Germany, the other in US Information libraries abroad are into prostitution, attacked by reli^ous -TIM LOW Czechoslovakia. Their common theme is identical to many on the Index issued in fanatics, and so on. protest against conformity and mundanity; Prague by the Communist Party in the a defiance of order and rigidity whether seventies?"); sentences that capture the government imposed or in a person's mind. essence of childhood experiences in Although The Bass Saxophone is a Germany, similar to but not as wittily as THE BASS translafion, it preserves much of Skvorecky's Gunter Crass in The Tin Drum, which reveal SAXOPHONE odd style; his tendency to string together a love of jazz and a mourning of its JOSEF SKVORECKY many clauses into gigantic sentences, oppression under nazism and communism, sentences that flow for a page or two in a although the first story called 'Emoke' is lengthy paragraph filled with intricate about his attempt to seduce a timid details and reminiscences that flow as Christian woman in socialist Czechoslovakia thouglits do in real life;sentences that relate - a country he has now left after so many of his books were banned and after criticism from conservative members of the Communist Party and the Russian invasion. The Bass Saxophone is an intriguing insight into Czechoslovakia past and present, with CHEAPFARES a distinctive and effective narrative style. ACROSS AUSTRALIA BRISBANE-SYDNEY $29 D.M. Thomas' fantasy The Flute Player BRISBANE-CANBERRA $39 is also an artist's plea against totalitarian oppression. This time the genres are poetry BRISBANE-MELBOURNE $49 and painting, the setting a fictitious city in BRISBANE-PERTH $114 eastern Europe, as we follow the misfortunes (less student discount) of an enclave of artists and their sensuous Twice Weekly Express Coach muse. Contact TOP DECK TRAVEL Elena the muse witnesses all of life's horrors - in the first page her nciglibour's 333 Queen St, Brisbane penis is bitten off by an irate wife. Tortured Phone; 221 8743

22 Ihe CI. Qfmef Inlefe;hn5 Thou^W Suffocating mc with his tormented soul Imagine if sound was liquid . . . the north winds howled along with his sorrow The bad, the south winds with my shattered spirit The cries of animals dying would flow through ouija board on the table our ears, out our open mouths and splash on candles around the room numbed toes, the local medium in a trance red blood. humming rhapsodies out of tune Human screams of pain would build build up behind closed eyes, Crazed celtic monks calling from depths yellow urine. uninvited guest stay on for the sciincc The sound of machinery cloying our brains, i watched all night the g>'psy passion in his eyes suffocating senses like wings of feathers, reflected in the crystal ball black oil. as this day of aceldama foretold our predestination as lovers Stii imagining ... not in thos world but the next The good, swamming in steel guitar champagne, Transfixed eyes squint on clouds taking form languid in the mild of lover voices, on pink and blue horizons And the sound of water itself? our fate was mingled between fast cars and zebra crossings QW Clear bubbling alive and vital, probing each others dormitories IheH lemonade. and searching in every plastered crack on for synthetic Utopias the inside outside walls SCOTT HOFFMAN ending up lost with no place to go &: stone circles but our new frontier of the archaelog>' department a secluded hotel room full of gloom and some bloom cracks appeared loneliness is closing in on me fast silent draughts ate into Spinning a web of depression the past Leovin j just keeping me warm enough for your bitchy crowley friends expanded absorbing ever)' last drop of my geni & fell in slowly you keep mc captivated by your charm All the blokes leer and wish they were fucking the theories were good-bye to leaving girls. Death filters through the air conditioning sy.item Eyes exploding in. laughing at my psychic single-mindedness collected tags until The violin bares hybrids of hydra infest hills with locusts while fashion secretes friction sicarting ori summer lawns their mental contents. sprinklers spray on garden gnomes tore off the card She'd dial your balls neighbourhood dogs bark or and you'd be up like a telephone pole. milk vendor bells ring the string broke She was so well used the sun rises on the earth her arse looked like a split peach. the look of dispossession on my face later And when you got down to seed as i turn the street comer for home these losses the fuzz stood up on her cheeks. were blamed on a Anotheree. CHRISTOPHER MAVER flaw in the modern Let beer and smoke go into laugh. production Sit stupidly and laugh an hour. of synthetic Sing to a known one. fibres ROBERT HABOST

SEMPER, 6 November 1980 The Whine of Strine Falls Minely on the Pline

When in 1977 a London photographer asked Australian Australian slang, Hornidge's book reveals a vulgar and ugly cricketer Jeff Thomson to stand closer to David Hookes for society riddled with sexism and racism. Many of the a photo, Thomson protested: "We're Aussies mates, not author's examples are too appalling to be repeated - for poofters." example euphemisms for pack rape and aboriginal women. This is typical of the appalling anecdotes related in Bill But unfortunately many are witty or Intriguing, and Hornldge's "The Australian Slanguage". A survey of examples are reproduced below. \_ J

In 1964 the English authoress Monica militants until 1976 when a complaint that Dickens was autographing copies of her lat­ the name was racist was lodged with the est book in a Sydney bookshop. A woman Commissioner for Community Relations, handed her a copy of the book and said Mr Al Grassby. Mr Grassby said he would "Emma Chisit". Assuming that this was the investigate the complaint, adding: woman's name, the authoress wrote on the flyleaf above her signature " To Emma "// has been around for a long time, but Chisit" and handed the book back. In a 1 suppose it would be just as noxious to more positive voice the customer said, "No, Aboriginal people as Dago or Pom Fertil­ Emma Chisit?". iser would be to other groups." After some further (confused) exchanges the visiting authoress became aware that When a newspaper columnist contacted what the woman was saying was "How much the manufacturers of the product he was is it?". told that the word ABO did not refer to Alistair Morrison of Sydney University Aborigines at all, it stood for the company published two volumes of strine - "Let slogan ALWAYS BUY OURS. When asked Stalk Strine" (1965) and "Nose Tone Un­ why the boomerang symbol was used with the product, a company spokesperson said; turned" (1966). Examples listed by Morr­ "A boomerang is our symbol - it's very ison include: Australian." DIMENSION (Don't mention fitj} EGG JELLY (actually) *** EMENY? (How many?) GABBLER MINCE (couple of minutes, ie. Australians have the habit of handing out 'Ill be with yer in a garbler mince, luv) nicknames to fit personal characteristics. GESS V0NNER(guest of honour} Some examples: GISSA (Give me, as in 'Gissa lookat them BROWN SUGAR (because he's coarse and photos Norm'} unrefined) YEGGOWAN? (Are you going?) MIRROR (a name given (q an executive ZARFTRAWL (afterall) much given to procrastination and saying TRINE (train, Le. something that runs on a Til look into this') rhy rhy line) THE ALL-NIGHT CHEMIST (a talkative individual so named because he 'never *** shuts up') HURRICAN LAMP ('He's not too bright') In 1976, actor Bill Lyle persuaded the FLICKERING CANDLE ('Who is even Catholic Communications Centre in Sydney dimmer than Hurricane Lamp'} to try a series of 'ocker' television advert­ BILIOUS BILL ( a union representative isements about Christianity and religious so named because when confronted with a values. Mr Lyle had the best intentions and compbint invariably replied: Til bring it saw the ads as reaching a new audience • the up at the next meeting') Australian vvorking man - by using his accents and mann­ Australian language abounds with unusual and witty HYDRAULIC LIFT (name given to a light-fingered gent erisms. phrases and expressions. Examples of well known similes who would 'lift'(steal) anything) The advertisements were unusual, to say the least. One include: of them had this line of text: Me mouth is as dry as die bottom of a birdcage. *** He's lower than a snake's belly. "G'day, 'ave you 'card about the day Jesus says to The scrub was so thick a dog couldn't bark in it. Padiamentary debates have produced some amusing Peter: 'Let's push off in the boat and go for a row.' Peter He's got more degrees than a thermometer (description 'one liners' which have contributed sometlung to the says, 'Bewdy, me and the boys can toss a line over the side of an academic). Australian idiom, such as: and get some fish for tea.'" Busy as a one-armed taxi driver with crabs. As scarce as hen's teeth. . . .the Victorian Country Party is now furiously trying Another, dealing with the Miracle of the Loaves and More than you could poke a stick at. to pick maggots off its bum. Fishes, told the story this way: If it was raining palaces, he'd be hit on the head by a You can be a rooster one day and a feather duster the dunny door. next. "G'day, 'Ave you 'eard about the day Jesus and His Politicians are like bananas: they come in green, turn mother had been working fiat out with this big mob, curing He has some plaings off the fence (he is mentally dis­ yellow and there's not a straight one in the bunch. warts and leprosy and all that? turbed). You can't shut him up. He'd talk under wet cement. After a while the Apostles said, 'It's time to tie on the To come the raw prawn or 'Don't come the raw prawn He (Malcolm Eraser) is an insensitive totalitarian toff feed bag - but there's not enough tucker for this mob.' with me. Mate' (to try to put something over). Andrew said, 'Here's a kid with five loaves of bread and There's no flies on him (he's smart). Duruig a debate on security in the Senate in 1978, two fishes' So Jesus said, Righto, bring me the bread and Put in the boot (drive home the advantage). Liberal Senator Sir Magnus Cormack interrupted Labor the bream.' He blesses it - breaks it into bits and the Take a screw at diis, get a load of this, will ya or Take a Senator George Georges with the comment: Apostles take it around. dekko at this (invitation to have a look at something). Jesus said, 'Collect what's left over, or we'll be in strife TTiat is the greatest heap of bulldust since Marx first for littering' They found there were twelve baskets of enunciated his Mein Kampfor whatever it was. food left over. Jesus had fed 5,000 blokes - that's not *** counting all the sheilas and kids." *** Sometimes a product with a name which can have an The commercial worid has a habit of dredging up TTie advertisements got to air, but only just. They alternate meaning can be on the market for long periods atrocious new words such as FRUITOLOGIST (for one caused such a furore in church circles that the Catholic without any comment, until some controversy throws its who sells fniit), EATERY (for restaurant), Communications Centre beat a hasty retreat and decided undesirable word associations into the spotlight. GARBOLOGIST (for a garbage coUectorj, that the ockers of their nation weren't quite ready to hear An organic meat and bone mbiture for many years was RECLAMATION ENGINEER (for junk dealer), the Christian message in their own peculiar language. marketed by a Sydney firm under the curious name of FIDUCIARY GRANTOR (for pawnbroker) and 'Abo Fertiliser'. TONSORIAL ARTIST (for barber). *** The product escaped the attention of black power

24 utimummm/mtimnmimfmmmt

FRASER COUNTRY; Patrick Cook, Fontana, $7.95.

Every time you look around lately Patrick Cook seems to Cook's cartoons so popular. Kong, dead, beneath the Empire State Building. Someone is be staring from the bookshelves. Within a very short time Cook's skill is not in his drawing. Some of the cartoons asking "Did he fall, or was he pushed?" and is answered he has released three books - "Them and Us"; his novel In the book have been enlarged to fill the pages, and they "Yes". "Elmer the Rat"; and the latest - "Fraser Country". lose some of their sharpness, and show up the flaws In his There is not much to say about Cook other than that. He The timing of Fraser Country is most interesting. Re­ style. Nevertheless, Cook is very, very funny. is, without question, the best political cartoonist in Aust­ leased just before the Federal Elections, one wonders There is something about Cook which allovtfs him to see ralia - although there are a few others trying to take the whether Cook was certain Mai was safe for another term, rather ordinary events in a strangely warped light. The hum­ title. He is also very even-handed in his work. He is not shy and the book would remain timely, or whether he used it as our is often black - with the soldier, his arm cut off, hold­ about putting the boot in, but he is not nasty or snide like, a private shot in the election propaganda. Whatever it was, ing his sword in his other hand and noting with strange for example, Pickering. Mai is still here, and the book will sell quickly. delight...."Hey. I'm ambidextrous!". Cook is a funny person. He has been known for his clever This book is obviously about Australia's politicians. It At $7.95 "Fraser Country" is hardly cheap - but it's a cartooning for some time, and has recently done very well deals with the last few elections, and the roles of Fraser, big book.^nd takes a lot to get through. The cartoons have Sir John Kerr, Whitlam, Hayden, and Don Chipp. Cook's with his writing skill - especially in his "Not the News" appeared elsewhere and you will have seen many of them treatment of these pollies is equally critical, including a not column in every week's National Times. Actually it is his before. They are worth a second look. Buy the book. very flattering section on Whitlam. He is portrayed as King funny words, and warped view of the worid that make -KJAZ PERRY

m^mmm0m0m0m mmtfmm0t^'f0mmeti0m0iiift0m mm mfmmmtmm SEMPER, 6 November 1980 -FOOD. Yuletide yummies

In this last issue for the year, we thought we should present some grand old Christmas recipes.

Being in a climate like ours, hot roast METHOD turkey and rich plum pudding is hard to Put sugar into a bowl, add the lemon sit down to when the Christmas Day juice, then leave until dissolved. Add peel temperature is a cool 36 degrees C. and die moselle. Chill well and add die But Christmas comes but once a year champagne and strawberries. and for those of the iron man breed and for those who love a good slice of tradition, SAGO PLUM PUDDING here are a few goodies to look forward to over the Christmas break. 4 tabsp. sago I would also like to say on behalf of the 1 cup milk refectory staff: have a ripper Christmas, 3oz breadcrumbs and a safe and happy new year. 1 tabsp. melted butter 14 tsp. baking soda FRUIT PUNCH 4 02 sultanas 4 oz currents lx750nil bottle of hock 3 oz sugar 3 passion fruit YA cup botded orange cordial (undiluted) METHOD I X 425g tin of fruit cocktail Soak sago overnight in mUk. Next day 1 X 750ml bottle of chilled lemonade add breadcrumbs, melted butter, soda, 1 X 750ml bottle of chilled ginger ale •fruit and sugar mix. WHITE CHRISTMAS z y* cup lemon juice Put into a greased bowl with a lid. Steam z orange slices for 3 hours, checking die water level. 1 cup mixed fruit 3 lemon slices Q 1 cup coconut >- a few mint sprigs SHORTBREAD Q 3 cups rice bubbles 3 ^A cup icing sugar -} METHOD 8oz flour 1 cup powdered milk Place hock, passionfruit pulp, orange 4oz rice flour 8oz copha (vegetable fat) cordial, and undrained fruit cocktail into a 8 oz butter bowl and chill thoroughly. 4-5oz castor sugar METHOD I To serve add lemonade, ginger ale and Mix dry ingredients together. Cut copha lemon juice. Pour into a punch bowl or jug, METHOD top with orange and lemon slices and mint into small pieces and melt gendy. Cool Grease a baking sheet with a littie butter. slightly, add to dry ingredients and mix METHOD sprig?. Mix the flour and rice flour together in a well. Press the mixture into a shallow tin Melt chocolate with the rum in a small bowl. Rub the butter into die flour mixture and chill until firmly set. Cut into small bowl placed over a saucepan of water or BANKCARD PUNCH until it resembles coarse breadcrumbs. Add slices to serve. in the top of a double boiler. When the sugar. Knead the mixture gendy until it chocolate has melted remove the bowl or top of double boiler from the heat. 2 tabsp. sugar forms a stiff smooth dough. CHOCOLATE RUM TRUFFLES Add butter, sugar and ground almonds 2 tabsp. lemon juice Press dough out to about 1cm thick stining all the time until die mixture is Peel of one small lemon cut into one or two and cut to desired shapes, or press out with 4oz dark cooking chocolate smooth and thick. Form the mixture into long spirals 3 shortbread mould. 3 tablespoons dark rum small balls and roll in chocolate nibs and 2 X 750ml bottles of moselle Bake in a preheated oven - 350 degrees 2oz butter press firmly. 1 bottle of chilled champagne F for 10 minutes, then reduce Uie tempera­ 30z icing sugar Chill again and store in a cool place. Several halved strawberries ture to 300 and continue baking for 3040 3oz ground almonds minutes until crisp and lighdy brown. 2 tablespoons chocolate nibs -TONY RANDELL From one extreme.... moment; timing at the Loquat Tree is ex­ clashed in an odd way with the vegetables. THE LOQUAT TREE: Brunswick Street, New Farm ceptionally good. Each dish was presented The odier dish tackled was Barramundi in widi sauted potatoes. Two vege arrived Roaming down Brunswick past the Vermoudi, Almonds and Cream. Tlie Barra cheesy mixture. The dish had been grilled. separately; good oP standby honeyed carrots was good although the sauce was a litde Valley, La Grande Bouffe, to a litUe shop I won that round. My companions were and lighdy fried zucchini. The comment is opposite the \^age Twin; you'll find the bland for my liking. not quite as pleased with their selections. possibly unfair; but diose vegetables seem a As often happens in those situations we Loquat Tree. The restaurant has recently Two of diem had a Pork and Veal Terrine bit hackneyed. reopened under new management and were too full to eat dessert. with Hazehiuts, which was good without direction. The Chicken Breast Stuffed widi Pate The general consensus was that the being exciting. The other member of our and wrapped in fdo pastry was just how Loquat Tree is over-priced. The atmosphere The decor is so tasteful it's a lltUe un- party had Sea Scallops with green noodles. it sounds. It was nicely cooked and tasted is pleasant, the service unobtrusive, the food setding. Rumour has it diat die new owner That dish was pretty to look at, but other good. But once again my friends were not is good but not great. The dishes presented is. an architect which explains everything. flavours had been overwhelmed by the quite as happy. The Pork Fillet Cumbedand although "different" were similar to man' Nevertheless, the Loquat Tree is comfort­ scallops. was a fillet cooked with an orange sauce. other restaurants around town. able with tables set far apart so one is not in The main course arrived at the perfect The meat was very dry, and the sauce danger of eating a neighbour's meal. -ANNE JONES A fashionable chalk board holds the • menu. There were five entrees and five main counes available; priced at $3.50 and $7.50 ordered Hoummous, Tabouleh, Shish respectively. Yes, the Loquat Tree is Kebabs and Falafel. Orders are given at die definitely up market in die French direction. counter; it is not a restaurant. We had to The dishes available seemed designed to be .... to the other ask for glasses for our wine. Interesting' rather than cheap. The menu IS no more dian a takeaway joint wiUi a All the dishes that we ordered were was perhaps at odds with the flagon that ASTERIA CAFE: Vulture Street, delicious. The amount of each dish was we'd bou^t up die road. It's difficult to West End. few tables to one side. TTie food is Lebanese, great and cheap. perfect for die number of diners. Especially believe, but the two dollar flagon still exists; This cafe was discovered recendy by a recommended is die Falafel; we got a large although an endangered species. friend of mine who became instandy Our gang of four went about 9pm on a plateful pUed high widi a finely chopped I chose Stuffed Mushrooms for entree, addicted to it. He introduced it to the select Saturday night. There were no odiers dinmg cucumber salad. followed by a main course of chicken breast few, but has been generally trying to keep its in, although diere was a steady stream of takeaways. Afterwards we shared some Baklava stuffed with Pate and wrapped ui fUo pastry. existence quiet. I am now under which was a bit dry but still good. The meal Those dishes seemed to lead the others as considerable pressure not to reveal its They have no menus, orders are taken which made four people happy and full cost "concept" food. Stuffed mushrooms have identity or whereabouts. from die takeaway board. EMning-in prices $12. For no frills good dining, Asteria is always appealed as a concept. They were But the forces of goodness and niceness are different from the ones displayed. But hard to beat. palatable too. Hie stuffing was a bacon and triumph. Asteria is actually quite a find. It don't worry, you won't be ripped off.* We ~ ANNE JONES

26 •fie/iajus Too silly for words FINAL CUT: Directed by Rcss Dinisey, Screenplay by Jonathan Dawson. Village Twin. Before reviewing this film, I should point plot. It's all too silly for words, and I wont out that while die night session begins at waste any more of your time talking about 7.30pm, "Final Cut" itself docs not it. commence until 9pm. Preceding it are three shorts: a mediocre one of soccer set to Instead let's discuss the acting perform­ music, an extremely baring one about an ances, which are forced, stilted and generally English cricket club, and an average travel­ false, althougli David Clendinning stands out ogue on the Seychelles.. as somewhat better than the others. None "Final Cut" is a Queensland movie, of the characters arc anything more than born and bred. The script was written by a cardboard cut-outs. One of the problems media lecturer at Griffith Uni., local actors seems to be thai most of the actors and feature prominendy, and the film was shot actresses had their training on stage, where around Brisbane and the Gold Coast. Trying very clear, precise diction and exaggerated to identify where die different scenes were gestures and facial expressions are necessary. set (e.g. the terrace houses on Coronation In a movie these characteristics are Drive), and listening to the quite reasonable disastrous. , ' musical score (by Howard Davidson) proved To keep up interest and distract attention to be the only higli points in VA hours of from the more obvious failings o/this movie, A HANDFUL OF FRIENDS". Written friend. Tliese two characters, their spouses poody acted garbage. the director has thrown in lots of tits and and an odd sister spend the bulk of the play by David Williamson, La Boite. 'Final Cut" is about a middle aged rock a lesbian love scene. The tits are everywhere; snariing and fighting in the bitchiest possible entrepreneur (David Clendinning), a radier hardly five minutes goes by, particularly way. • ' • . .1. tQ^arjjs ^he end of the film, widiout a pair Bob lillis once commented that shady character. In order to do an in-depth Williamson creates stereotypes radier than La Boite is a difficult theatre for drawing sailing majestically across the screen, expose on him, a TV cameraman (Lou characters. In La Boitc's production of room comedies. The intimacy is almost gyrating slowly to the music, rcclininfi Brown) and a journalist (Jennifer ClufO "A Handful of Friends", director Jennifer disconcerting. But die actors handled the ittempt to win liis confidence. Tliey film languidly on a bed, etc. etc. Blocksidge has successfully given the stereo­ closeness well and were convincing. Tlie one of Ills decadent parties on a yacht, and To restore some balance to this review, types believable characteristics. So the dialogue was real; its rhythms were natural. dien get invited to Ids luxurious penthouse 1 should point out that technically speaking, play has proper life. It works. "A Handful of Friends" is a play of for the weekend. Needless to say, he hasn't the film Is quite well made. The The story concerns an academic who manners, wit and morals. The La Boite team been fooled by their infantile tactics, and photography is good if not inspired, the returns to Australia to find himself gave it life. when diey arrive at die penthouse - STOP! editing good and the locations well chosen. lampooned in a film directed by his best ^ -ANNE JONES - I refuse to give any more details of the ^OHN WEBB Academic Rap' which limits itself to the violent taking women students that he intended making Like other forms of sexual harass­ love to a woman from every country in of a woman by a man, through penile ment, most cases of academic rape go the wodd before he turned forty. Tlie penetration of the vagina. Academic unreported. Like most women implication was obvious. If you want die rape isn't even seen as being a real or job, you had better play the game! suffering sexual harassment, female visible problem let alone being seen Women, particulady those in male- students are made to feel guilty; they within the usual definition of rape dominated faculties, have to suffer enougli focus on their own behaviour rather (Male academics aren 't strangers, don't than feeling angry and trying to ex­ at die hands of male students. Only recendy lurk in dark comers and don't use a woman in a first-year engineering class pose the lecturer or tutor involved. knives etc). ^ the department because he and the super­ was made die butt of a joke when a buc­ visor were good friends and no doubt the Instead of realising diat neady all women Academic rape is not solely the pre­ ket of cliips was ripped out of her hands supervisor would already have made efforts and eaten by a group of males in the class. students experience some form of sexual rogative of male staff members. Some female to cover his tracks by bad-mouthing her Of course, she could not afford to react harassment during their academic careers, academics are guilty of some forms of die female victim wonders why she has work to die head. Jill approached the Umon, very angrily as tilings would have been made sexual harassment of male or female not to complain about academic cape but much touglier for her. For an academic to been singled out and is forced to tliink students but die incidence is far less about whedier her clodiing or style is to find out what steps she would have to use his double power base - diat of male common. In any case, male victims are take to transfer to anodier university in and that of authority figure - to sexually "overiy" provocative. She feels alone; usually more able to deal widi such in­ she has no proof and she knows only too another city! She was at her wit's end vicUmise a female student is even more cidents as they are rarely forced to quesUon because she knew Uiat the academic rapist reprehensible. . well diat if she takes her complaint to die dieir own behaviour and wonder whedier was the only person in tlie department who Usually the Union encourages students head of the department it will be she who diey "asked for it". could possibly supervise her field of study. who have complaints to approach the staff 'M be viewed widi suspicion, and who may At least a dozen complaints about blatant eventually fail or be forced to drop out. The situation was eventually resolved member, the departmental ombudsperson, sexual harassment have reached the in a "tasteful" fasliion, die details of which Academic rape can take a number of or the head of the department themselves. Students' Union diis year. As well as these, cannot be revealed as tliis may expose the But when a student has been die victim of forms. It ranges from the very blatant, there have been many complaints from where an academic demands sexual favours student's identity. Needless to say, the academic rape, she can hardly be blamed female students who have been upset by supervisor went unscathed and no-one is any for not wishing to do this on ber own from a student if she is to pass her course, sexist jokes and/or language of their to die less blatant, where an academic die wiser about his academically violent behalf. Women should not feel diat their lecturers. Obviously, diese are but the tip activities. situation is an individual one. It is only makes ambiguous statements to a student of the iceberg. Academic rape is alive and I \ying that she may do very well if she when women band together to fight sexual well at the University of Queensland. Another student who approached the harassment that they will be successful. !3 sexually co-operative. Tiie first incident this year involved a Union quite recendy had consented to a Odier, more common ways in whicn There was certainly a great furore when a tciiiaifemalec pusi-Kiaauuipost-graduate. .student . v(Post-grad^ ^..6'—s sexual relationship with one of her lecturers group of women on one of the southern academics harass women sexually include are often particulariy vulnerable to academic but she found that when she wanted to ena die telling of sexist jokes during lectures, campuses threatened lo publish a list of the rape because die nature of the work dictates Uic relationship she was blackmailed aca- names of academic rapists eariier in the year. diereby forcing women to laugli at them­ that they work closely, often alone, widi demically. Either die relationship contmucd selves If they are not to be labelled over­ Wlien going up the right channels has failed, their supervisors). We'll call this particular or she would fail. Obviously, the student women elsewhere have seen results through sensitive" or "icy bitches"; the tnviahsa- post-graduate Jill. would be on very shaky grounds m ihe eyes tion of women's issues (such as rape aws) more violent tactics. They have published during lectures; as well as die penalising JiU said her supervisor (from a very re- of the head, having consented to the die lecturer's name and modus operandi on relationslup in the first place. of assignments written from a feminist spcctable department indeed) had asked her posters around the campus. Of course in During the semester break, an academic perspective. Women students are often put around to liis place for dinner on a number doing this, they run the risk of being sued was given the responsibility of employing at a disadvantage when they are afraid to of occasions. She had been unsure about for defaniadon. It is important diat women several students. He insisted that the approach male lecturers who have repu- how to handle die situation initially but talk about what is happening to them so after a few weeks had decided that Ids offers students be female; he insisted on inter­ they do not feel alone and so diat their •tations as lechers for fear that they wdl viewing some of them several times and have die hard word put on them. had to be finnly rejected. Once it became energies are directed outwards radier than inviting them for drinks. Fortunately for inwards. The Women's Officer of A.U.S. re­ obvious to the supervisor that Jill was not going to co-operate, he started getting nasty. liim, he refrained from making suggesUve cendy made die point that academic rape remarks on the one occasion that one of is not taken seriously. He began by refusing to mark her work 1. Combat Sexual Harassment A.U.S. promptly unless she came to dinner. Jill die interviewees went amied with a tape Women's Department. 1980. P. 3 recorder. He commented to one of the Our society has only one view of rape knew she could not approach the head of ,27 IJEMPER. 6 November 1980