2020

Water Efficiency and Standard for the Built Environment Copyright © 2020 by International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials All Rights Reserved

No part of this work may be reproduced or recorded in any form or by any means, except as may be expressly permitted in writing by the publisher.

Second Edition First Printing, March 2021

Published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials 4755 E. Philadelphia Street · Ontario, CA 91761-2816 – USA Main Phone (909) 472-4100 · Main Fax (909) 472-4150 2020 WESTAND FOREWORD

The Water Efficiency and Sanitation Standard (WEStand) provides progressive codified requirements to optimize water use practices attributed to the built environment while maintaining protection of the public health, safety, and welfare. The need for WEStand is in recognition that with increasing demand, constrained infrastructure and supplies, and pervasive droughts glob- ally, there is a critical need to reduce water consumption attributed to the built environment through conservation and reuse. With this come increased risks to public health, safety, and building systems performance.

This second edition of WEStand proudly introduces comprehensive requirements related to water quality, monitoring, design, construction, commissioning, alteration, repair, and operation requirements of blackwater and stormwater systems for non-potable water reuse. These requirements for a properly designed system, together with appropriate construction, operation, and mainte- nance, will help ensure blackwater and stormwater systems will be implemented safely and reliably. These requirements were each added into WEStand as separate chapters. The composting and systems requirements were extracted from Chapter 4 into a separate chapter. These chapter additions resulted in several chapters to be renumbered.

IAPMO develops “full consensus” codes built on a foundation of maximum participation and agreement by a broad range of inter- ests. This philosophy has led to producing technically sound codes that promote health and safety, yet do not stifle design or development.

The public at large is encouraged and invited to participate in the WEStand development process. WEStand meetings are open to the public and public input is solicited through a public proposal stage and public comment stage. The WEStand updates every three years. Information regarding the WEStand and its development is available at IAPMO’s website at www.iapmo.org/westand.

The 2020 WEStand is supported by the Alliance for Water Efficiency (AWE), the Mechanical Contractors Association of America (MCAA), the Plumbing Contractors of America (PCA), the United Association (UA), and the World Plumbing Council (WPC). The presence of these logos, while reflecting support. does not imply ownership of the copyright to the WEStand, which is held exclu- sively by IAPMO.

The addresses of the organizations are as follows: AWE – 33 N. LaSalle Street • Suite 2275 • Chicago, IL 60602 • 773-360-5100 MCAA – 1385 Piccard Drive • Rockville, MD 20850 • 301-869-5800 PCA – 1385 Piccard Drive • Rockville, MD 20850 • 301-869-5800 UA – Three Park Place • Annapolis, MD 21401 • 410-269-2000 WPC – World Plumbing Council Secretariat, Auf der Mauer 11 • Postfach CH 8021 • Zurich Switzerland • www.worldplumbing.org

Adoption The WEStand is available for adoption and use by jurisdictions in the United States and Internationally. Its use within a govern- mental jurisdiction is accomplished through adoption by reference in accordance with applicable jurisdictional laws. At adoption, jurisdictions should insert the applicable information in bracketed words in the sample ordinance. The sample legislation for adop- tion of the WEStand on page iv provides key components, regulations, and resolutions.

Revision Markings Solid vertical lines in the margins indicate a technical change from the requirements of the 2017 edition. An arrow in the margin indicates where an entire section, paragraph, exception, or table has been deleted, or an item in a list of items or in a table has been deleted. A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another document. The reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the source document on the referenced subject that is represented by the standard in its entirety.

iii SAMPLE LEGISLATION FOR ADOPTION OF WESTAND

WEStand is designed to be adopted by jurisdictions through an ordinance. Jurisdictions wishing to adopt the 2020 WEStand as an enforceable high efficiency provisions for the base plumbing code governing plumbing systems by reference should ensure the legal basis under which adoption and implementation are included in the ordinance. The following sample ordinance is a guide for drafting an ordinance for adoption that addresses key components regulations and resolutions. ORDINANCE NO. An ordinance of the [JURISDICTION] adopting the 2020 edition of WEStand, embedding high-efficiency water and energy efficient provisions into the base plumbing code regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing and mechanical systems in the [JURISDICTION]; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor. The [GOVERNING BODY] of the [JURISDICTION] does ordain as follows: Section 1 Codes Adopted by Reference. That certain documents, three (3) copies of which are on file in the office of the [JURISDICTION’S KEEPER OF RECORDS] and the [JURISDICTION], being marked and designated as the 2020 WEStand, including Appendix Chapters [FILL IN THE APPENDIX CHAPTERS BEING ADOPTED], as published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, be and is hereby adopted as the Code of the [JURISDICTION], in the State of [STATE NAME] embedding high-efficiency water and energy efficient provisions into the base plumbing code regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing and mechanical systems as herein provided; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms of such 2020 WEStand on file in the office of the [JURISDICTION] are hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hereof, as if fully set out in this ordinance. Section 2 Modifications. The following sections are hereby revised: Section 101.1. Insert: [NAME OF JURISDICTION] Section 104.5. Insert: [APPROPRIATE FEE SCHEDULE] Section 3 Conflicting Ordinances Repealed. That Ordinance No. of [JURISDICTION] entitled [TITLE OF THE ORDINANCE OR ORDINANCES IN EFFECT AT THE PRESENT TIME SO THAT THEY WILL BE REPEALED BY MENTION] and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Section 4 Preemption. [JURISDICTION] hereby fully occupies and preempts the entire field of water and energy effi- ciency provisions for the base code for regulation of design, construction, quality of materials, erection, instal- lation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing and mechanical systems; and provision for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; within the boundaries of [JURISDICTION]. [AS APPROPRIATE] Cities, towns, and counties or other municipalities may enact only those laws and ordinances relating to this field as specifically authorized by state law and consistent with this ordinance. Local laws and ordinances that are inconsistent with, and, or, less efficient in terms of water or energy savings [ORDINANCE NO.] shall not be enacted and are hereby expressly preempted and repealed, regardless of the nature of the code, charter, or home rule status of such city, town, county, or municipality. Section 5 Severability. That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The [GOVERNING BODY] hereby declares that it would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional. Section 6 Legal Notice. That the [JURISDICTION’S KEEPER OF RECORDS] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published. (An additional provision may be required to direct the number of times the ordi- nance is to be published and to specify that it is to be in a newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be required.) Section 7 Violations and Penalties. [INCORPORATE PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS] Section 8 Effective Date. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect [TIME PERIOD] from and after the date of its final passage and adoption.

iv 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD WESTAND TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

These lists represent the membership at the time the Committee approved the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred.

Billy Smith Chairman American Society of Plumbing Engineers [SE]

Laura Allen, Greywater Action [SE] Cambria McLeod, Kohler Co. [M] Ronald Barbarulo, New Jersey Plumbing Inspectors Assoc./New Edward Osann, Natural Resources Defense Council [C] Jersey State League of Master Plumbers [E] Thomas Pape, Alliance for Water Efficiency [SE] Stephen Braband, BioSolutions Inc. [U] Beverly Potts, Illinois - PHCC [SE] Michael Cudahy, Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association [M] Damon Premer, ACCO/All Area Plumbing [E] John Ferruccio, Southern Calfornia Pipe Trades DC 16 [L] Neal Shapiro, City of Santa Monica’s Office of Sustainability and Brian Granger, UA Plumbers Local 68 [L] the Environment [E] Ed Holmes, UA Local 32 Plumbers and Pipefitters Seattle, WA [L] Matt Sigler, Plumbing Manufacturers International [M] Gary Klein, Gary Klein and Associates [DP] Kent Sovocool, Southern Nevada Water Authority [U] John Koeller, P.E., Koeller and Company [SE] Tracy Strahl, Water Quality Association [U] Rick Layton, Haines, Jones & Cadbury [DP] Amir Tabakh, City of Los Angeles Department of Water Markus Lenger, CleanBlu Innovations Inc. [SE] and Power [E] James Majerowicz, Plumbers Local 130 [L] Mike Temple, Irrigation Association [I/M] Dave Mann, California State Pipe Trades Council [L] Charles White, PHCC-National Association [I/M]

Alternates Shane Peters, City of Santa Monica’s Office of Sustainability and Robert Sewell, Plumbers and Steamfitters Local 159 [L] the Environment [E] Jeff Williams, Southern Botanical/Banyan Water [I/M] Shabbir Rawalpindiwala, Kohler Co. [M]

Non-voting

Maria Bazan, IAPMO Staff Liaison Peter DeMarco, IAPMO Staff Liaison Daniel Cole, IAPMO Staff Liaison

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP CLASSIFICATION ABBREVIATIONS These classifications apply to Technical Committee members and represent their principal interest in the activity of a committee.

C Consumer: A person who is or represents the ultimate purchaser of a product, system or service affected by the Document but who is not a User as defined in 3-2.5.1(g). DP Design Professional: A person who is in the business of designing systems affected by the standard. E Enforcing Authority: A representative of an agency or an organization that promulgates ir enforces the Document. I/M Installer/Maintainer: A representative of an entity that is in the business of installing or maintaining a product, assembly, or system affected by the Document. L Labor: A labor representative or employee concerned with safety in the workplace within the scope of the Document. M Manufacturer: A representative of a maker or marketer of a product, assembly or system, or portion thereof, that is affected by the Docu- ment. U User: A representative of an entity that is subject to the provisions of the Document or that voluntarily uses the Document. SE Special Expert: A person not representing 3.5.6 (a) through (g) and who has special expertise in the scope of the Document or portion thereof.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD v WESTAND TECHNICAL COMMITTEE TASK GROUPS MEMBERS

Alternate Water Sources Task Group

Jim Kendzel, American Supply Association - Chair Dave Mann, California State Pipe Trades Council Laura Allen, Greywater Action Camria McLeod, Kohler Co. Val Amezquita, City of Los Angeles Dept of Water and Power- John Ossa, Rain Bird Corporation Julius Ballanco, JB Engineering and Code Consulting Thomas Pape, Alliance for Water Efficiency Carlos Borja, Los Angeles County Public Health Shabbir Rawalpindiwala, Kohler Co. Taylor Chang, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Sandy Robertson, Retired Raman Chauhan, Bibby Ste Croix Neal Shapiro, City of Santa Monica’s Office of Sustainability and Paula Kehoe, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission the Environment Gary Klein, Gary Klein and Associates Inc. Matt Sigler, Plumbing Manufacturers International Pat Lando, Recode Sharon Steiner, NSF International C.J. Lagan, LIXIL Water Technology Americas Amir Tabakh, City of Los Angeles Dept of Water and Power Rick Layton, Haines, Jones & Cadbury, LLC Lakshmanan Viswanathan, Oatey Co. Markus Lenger, CleanBlu Innovations Joelle Wirth, Summit Environmental, LLC

Commercial Food Service Task Group

Markus Lenger, CleanBlu Innovations - Chair Nick Lopez, N.I.R. Plumbing Inc. EW Bob Boulware, P.E., Design-Aire Engineering, Inc. Shannon Murphy, TST Water Casey Furlong, InSinkErator Thomas Pape, Alliance for Water Efficiency

Non-traditional Toilets Task Group

Pat Lando, Recode - Chair Cambria McLeod, Kohler Co. Laura Allen, Greywater Action Edward Osann, Natural Resources Defense Council Markus Lenger, CleanBlu Innovations Fraser Sneddon, Sun-Mar Corporation Dave Mann, California State Pipe Trades Council Joelle Wirth, Summit Environmental, LLC

vi 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD WESTAND TECHNICAL COMMITTEE TASK GROUPS MEMBERS continued

Premise Water Supply System Design Task Group

Gary Klein, Gary Klein and Associates - Chair Markus Lenger, CleanBlu Innovations Carlos Borja, Los Angeles County Public Health Nick Lopez, N.I.R. Plumbing Inc. Steven Buchberger, University of Cincinnati Dave Mann, California State Pipe Trades Council Michael Cudahy, Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association Cambria McLeod, Kohler Co. Rich Houle, Reliance Worldwide Thomas Pape, Alliance for Water Efficiency Darin Johnson, IPEX USA LLC Jonah Schein, US EPA WaterSense Jim Kendzel, American Supply Association Matt Sigler, Plumbing Manufacturers International John Koeller, P.E., Koeller and Company Lakshmanan Viswanathan, Oatey Co. Pat Lando, Recode

Water Efficiency and Conservation Task Group

Edward Osann, Natural Resources Defense Council - Chair Rick Layton, Haines, Jones & Cadbury, LLC Thomas Pape, Alliance for Water Efficiency - Chair Markus Lenger, CleanBlu Innovations Julius Ballanco, JB Engineering and Code Consulting Ramiro Mata, American Society of Plumbing Engineers Raman Chauhan, Bibby Ste Croix Brent Mecham, Irrigation Association Greg Chick, Ramona’s Plumber John Ossa, Rain Bird Corporation Mike Collignon, Green Builder Coalition Shabbir Rawalpindiwala, Kohler Co. Michael Cudahy, Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association Jonah Schein, US EPA WaterSense Rich Houle, Reliance Worldwide Matt Sigler, Plumbing Manufacturers International James Kemper, City of Los Angeles Dept of Water and Power Amir Tabakh, City of Los Angeles Dept of Water and Power Jim Kendzel, American Supply Association Stephanie Tanner, US EPA WaterSense Gary Klein, Gary Klein and Associates Eric Truskoski, Bradford White Corp. John Koeller, P.E., Koeller and Company Lakshmanan Viswanathan, Oatey Co. Pat Lando, Recode

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD vii viii 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION ...... 1 303.2 Rehabilitation of Piping 101.0 Title, Scope, and General...... 1 Systems...... 11 101.1 Title...... 1 303.3 Qualifications...... 11 101.2 Purpose ...... 1 304.0 Disposal of Liquid Waste ...... 11 101.3 Plans Required...... 1 304.1 Disposal ...... 11 101.4 Scope...... 1 304.2 Connections to Plumbing System Required...... 11 101.5 Appendices ...... 1 305.0 Abandonment...... 11 101.6 Referenced Codes and Standards...... 1 305.1 General...... 11 101.7 Conflicts...... 1 305.2 Underground Tank...... 11 102.0 Alternate Materials, Designs, and Methods of Construction CHAPTER 4 WATER EFFICIENCY AND Equivalency ...... 2 CONSERVATION ...... 13 102.1 General...... 2 401.0 General...... 13 103.0 Plans and Specifications ...... 2 401.1 Scope...... 11 103.1 Construction Documents ...... 2 402.0 Water-Conserving Plumbing 103.2 Supplemental Information ...... 2 Fixtures and Fittings ...... 13 104.0 Permit Issuance...... 2 402.1 General...... 13 104.1 Issuance...... 2 Table 402.1 Maximum Fixture and Fixture Fittings Flow Rates...... 13 104.2 Approved Plans or Construction Documents ...... 2 402.2 Water Closets...... 13 104.3 Permit Fees ...... 2 402.3 ...... 13 105.0 Inspections ...... 2 402.4 Residential Kitchen Faucets ...... 13 105.1 General...... 2 402.5 Lavatory Faucets...... 13 106.0 Connection Approval...... 2 402.6 Showerheads...... 14 106.1 Connections ...... 2 402.7 Bath and Shower Diverters...... 14 106.2 Energy Connections ...... 2 402.8 Shower Valves...... 14 106.3 Temporary Connections...... 2 402.9 Commercial Pre-Rinse Spray Valves...... 14 107.0 Maintenance...... 2 402.10 Emergency Safety Showers and 107.1 General...... 2 Eye Wash Stations ...... 14 107.2 Information Required...... 3 402.11 Drinking Fountains and Bottle Filling Stations...... 14 CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS ...... 5 402.12 Recirculating Shower Systems ...... 14 201.0 General...... 5 402.13 Installation ...... 14 202.0 Definition of Terms ...... 5 403.0 Appliances ...... 14 403.1 Dishwashers...... 14 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS ...... 11 403.2 Clothes Washers ...... 14 301.0 Scope...... 11 404.0 Non-Sewered Sanition 302.0 Approval ...... 11 Systems...... 14 302.1 Minimum Standards...... 11 404.1 General...... 14 302.2 Mechanical Systems ...... 11 404.2 Installation ...... 14 303.0 Installation ...... 11 404.3 Operation and Maintenance 303.1 Plumbing and Mechanical Manual ...... 15 Systems...... 11 404.4 System Output ...... 15

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD vii 405.0 Pressure Regulator...... 15 414.0 Water-Powered Sump Pumps...... 18 405.1 Installation ...... 15 414.1 General...... 18 406.0 Water Softeners and 415.0 Landscape Irrigation Systems...... 18 Treatment Devices...... 15 415.1 General...... 18 406.1 Water Softeners ...... 15 415.2 Pland and Irrigation System 406.2 Water Softener Limitations...... 15 Limitations...... 18 406.3 Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis 415.3 Maximum Velocity...... 18 Water Treatment Systems...... 15 415.4 Backflow Protection ...... 18 406.4 Drinking Water Treatment 415.5 Use of Alternate Water Sources Systems...... 15 for Landscape Irrigation ...... 18 407.0 Commercial Food Service ...... 15 415.6 Irrigation Control Systems...... 18 407.1 Ice Makers ...... 15 415.7 Irrigation Flow Sensing System...... 19 407.2 Food Steamers ...... 15 415.8 Low Flow Irrigation...... 19 407.3 Combination Ovens ...... 15 415.9 Mulched Planting Areas ...... 19 407.4 Grease Interceptors ...... 15 415.10 System Performance 407.5 Dipper Well Faucets ...... 15 Requirements ...... 19 407.6 Food Wase Devices ...... 15 415.11 Narrow or Irregularly Shaped 407.7 Tempering Water...... 15 Landscape Areas...... 19 408.0 Medical and Laboratory 415.12 Irrigation System Inspection Facilities...... 16 and Performance Check...... 19 408.1 X-Ray Film Processing Units ...... 16 415.13 Sprinkler Installations ...... 19 408.2 Exhaust Hood Liquid 415.14 Outside Hose Bibbs ...... 20 Scrubber Systems...... 16 415.15 Depth of Irrigation Pipe...... 20 409.0 Leak Detection and Control...... 16 415.16 Backfill ...... 20 409.1 General...... 16 416.0 Seal Protection ...... 20 410.0 Fountains and Other Water 416.1 Water Supplied Trap Primers ...... 20 Features...... 16 416.2 Drainage Type Trap Seal 410.1 Use of Alternate Water Source Primer Devices...... 20 for Special Water Features...... 16 417.0 Vehicle Wash Facilities ...... 20 411.0 Meters ...... 16 417.1 Automatic ...... 20 411.1 Required...... 16 417.2 Self-Service...... 20 411.2 Approval ...... 16 417.3 Reverse Osmosis...... 20 411.3 Remote Data Transfer 417.4 Towel Ringers...... 20 Requirements ...... 16 418.0 Swimming Pools, Spas, and 412.0 HVAC Water Efficiency...... 16 Hot Tubs ...... 20 412.1 Once-Through Cooling...... 16 418.1 Practices...... 20 412.2 Cooling Towers and Evaporative 418.2 On and Off Switch...... 20 Coolers...... 16 418.3 Covers...... 20 412.3 Cooling Tower Makeup Water ...... 16 418.4 Time Switches ...... 20 412.4 Evaporative Cooler Water Use ...... 16 418.5 Pool Pumps and Replacement 412.5 Use of Reclaimed (Recycled) Pool Pump Motors ...... 20 and On-Site Treated

Nonpotable Water CHAPTER 5 COMPOSTING AND for Cooling...... 16 URINE DIVERSION SYSTEMS .21 Table 411.1 Dedicated Water Metering Requirements ...... 17 501.0 General...... 21 413.0 Condensate Recovery ...... 18 501.1 Applicability ...... 21 413.1 General...... 18 502.0 Design and Construction...... 21 413.2 Condensate Drainage Recovery...... 18 502.1 Requirements ...... 21 viii 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 502.2 System Materials and 601.7 Minimum Water Quality Components ...... 21 Requirements ...... 26 502.3 System Design ...... 21 601.8 Material Compatibility...... 26 503.0 Permits ...... 21 601.9 System Controls...... 26 503.1 General...... 21 601.10 Commercial, Industrial, and 504.0 Maintenance and Inspection ...... 21 Institutional Restroom Signs...... 26 504.1 General...... 21 601.11 Inspection and Testing...... 27 504.2 Operation and Maintenance 601.12 Separation Requirements...... 28 Manual ...... 21 601.13 Abandonment...... 28 505.0 System 601.14 Sizing ...... 28 Design...... 21 602.0 Gray Water Systems ...... 28 505.1 Requirements ...... 21 602.1 General...... 28 505.2 Corrosion Resistance ...... 21 602.2 Gray Water Collection Piping ...... 28 505.3 Concrete Construction ...... 21 602.3 Discharge ...... 28 505.4 ...... 22 602.4 Surge Capacity...... 28 505.5 Compost Processors...... 22 602.5 Diversion...... 28 505.6 Testing ...... 23 602.6 Backwater Valves ...... 28 505.7 Humus Removal ...... 23 602.7 Connections to Potable and 506.0 Urine Diversion System Design ...... 23 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water 506.1 Requirements ...... 23 Systems...... 28 506.2 Purpose ...... 23 602.8 Location ...... 28 506.3 Material Requirements...... 23 602.9 Plot Plan Submission ...... 28 506.4 Identification...... 23 602.10 Prohibited Location ...... 28 506.5 Change of Direction...... 23 602.11 Drawings and Specifications ...... 28 506.6 Sizing ...... 23 Table 602.8 Location of Gray Water System...... 29 506.7 Traps ...... 23 602.12 Procedure for Estimating Gray 506.8 Grade of Horizontal Piping...... 23 Water Discharge ...... 29 506.9 Cleanouts ...... 23 602.13 Gray Water System 506.10 Venting ...... 23 Components ...... 29 506.11 Discharge ...... 23 602.14 Subsurface Irrigation System 506.12 Urine Storage Tanks ...... 23 Zones...... 30 506.13 Maintenance Plan...... 24 Table 602.14.1 Soil Infiltration Rates...... 31 506.14 Treatment, Reuse, and Disposal ...... 24 602.15 Subsurface and Subsoil Irrigation Field, and Mulch CHAPTER 6 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES Basin Design and FOR NONPOTABLE Construction...... 31 APPLICATIONS...... 25 Table 602.15.1.4 Subsurface Irrigation Design Criteria for Six Typical Soils...... 31 601.0 General...... 25 Table 602.15.3.2 Subsoil Irrigation Field 601.1 Scope...... 25 Construction...... 32 601.2 System Design ...... 25 602.16 Gray Water System Color and 601.3 Permit...... 25 Marking Information ...... 32 601.4 Component Identification ...... 25 602.17 Special Provisions...... 32 601.5 Maintenance and Inspection ...... 25 602.18 Testing ...... 32 Table 601.5.1 Minimum Alternate Water 602.19 Maintenance...... 32 Source Testing, Inspection, 603.0 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water and Maintenance Frequency...... 26 Systems...... 32 601.6 Operation and Maintenance 603.1 General...... 32 Manual ...... 26

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD ix 603.2 Permit...... 32 702.5 Log Reduction Targets ...... 35 603.3 System Changes...... 32 702.6 Effluent Water Quality 603.4 Connections to Potable or Parameters...... 35 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water 702.7 Validation ...... 35 Systems...... 32 Table 702.5 Log Reduction Targets for 10-4 603.5 Initial Cross-Connection Test...... 32 Infections Per Person Per Year 603.6 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Benchmarks For Blackwater System Materials ...... 32 Treatment Systems...... 35 603.7 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Table 702.6 Effluent Water Quality System Color and Marking Parametersfor Water Closet Information ...... 33 and Fixture Use...... 35 603.8 Valves ...... 33 702.8 Health and Safety...... 35 603.9 Hose Bibbs...... 33 702.9 Monitoring Requirements...... 35 603.10 Required Appurtenances...... 33 Table 702.9(1) Risk Levels ...... 36 603.11 Same Trench as Potable Table 702.9(2) Monitoring Parameters ...... 36 Water Pipes...... 33 702.10 System Requirements ...... 36 603.12 Signs ...... 33 703.0 Commissioning...... 36 603.13 Inspection and Testing...... 33 703.1 General...... 36 604.0 On-Site Treated Nonpotable 703.2 Requirements ...... 36 Water Systems ...... 33 703.3 Plan ...... 36 604.1 General...... 33 703.4 Performance Testing...... 36 604.2 Plumbing Plan Submission...... 33 703.5 Commissioning Report ...... 37 604.3 System Changes...... 33 704.0 Operation and Maintenance 604.4 Connections to Potable or Manual ...... 37 Reclaimed (Recycled) 705.0 Inspection...... 37 Water Systems ...... 33

604.5 Initial Cross-Connection Test...... 33 CHAPTER 8 ONSITE STORMWATER 604.6 On-Site Treated Nonpotable TREATMENT SYSTEMS ...... 39 Water System Materials...... 33 801.0 General...... 39 604.7 On-Site Treated Nonpotable 801.1 Applicability ...... 39 Water Devices and Systems...... 33 802.0 System Design ...... 39 604.8 On-Site Treated Nonpotable Water System Color and 802.1 Requirements ...... 39 Marking Information ...... 33 802.2 Permit...... 39 604.9 Valves ...... 34 802.3 Component Identification ...... 39 604.10 Design and Installation ...... 34 802.4 Material Compatibility...... 39 604.11 Signs ...... 34 802.5 Log Reduction Targets ...... 39 604.12 Inspection and Testing...... 34 802.6 Effluent Water Quality Parameters...... 39 CHAPTER 7 ONSITE BLACKWATER 802.7 Validation ...... 39 TREATMENT SYSTEMS ...... 35 Table 802.5 Log Reduction Targets for 10-4 701.0 General...... 35 Infections per Person per Year Benchmarks for Stormwater 701.1 Applicability ...... 35 Treatment Systems...... 39 701.2 Allowable Use of Blackwater...... 35 Table 802.6 Effluent Water Quality 702.0 System Design ...... 35 Parameters for Water Closet 702.1 Requirements ...... 35 and Urinal Fixture Use...... 39 702.2 Permit...... 35 802.8 Health and Safety...... 40 702.3 Component Identification ...... 35 802.9 Monitoring Requirements...... 40 702.4 Material Compatibility...... 35 Table 802.9(1) Risk Levels ...... 40 x 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD Table 802.9(2) Monitoring Parameters ...... 40 903.1 Outside Hose Bibbs ...... 45 802.10 System Requirements ...... 40 903.2 Deactivation and Drainage for 803.0 Commissioning...... 40 Cross-connection Test ...... 45 803.1 General...... 40 903.3 Rainwater Catchment Collection Surfaces...... 45 803.2 Requirements ...... 40 903.4 Minimum Water Quality...... 45 803.3 Plan ...... 40 903.5 Rainwater Storage Tanks...... 45 803.4 Performance Testing...... 41 Table 903.4 Minimum Water Quality...... 46 803.5 Report ...... 41 903.6 Pumps ...... 46 804.0 Operation and Maintenance Manual ...... 41 903.7 Roof Drains...... 46 804.1 General...... 41 903.8 Water Quality Devices and Equipment...... 46 805.0 Inspection...... 41 903.9 Freeze Protection ...... 46

CHAPTER 9 NONPOTABLE RAINWATER, 903.10 Debris Removal ...... 47 CATCHMENT SYSTEMS ...... 43 903.11 Required Filters ...... 47 901.0 General...... 43 903.12 Roof Gutters...... 47 901.1 Scope...... 43 903.13 Signs ...... 47 901.2 System Design ...... 43 903.14 Inspection and Testing...... 47 901.3 Permit...... 43 CHAPTER 10 WATER HEATING DESIGN, 901.4 Component Identification ...... 43 EQUIPMENT, AND 901.5 Maintenance and Inspection ...... 43 INSTALLATION ...... 49 Table 901.5.1 Minimum Alternate Water Source 1001.0 General...... 49 Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance Frequency...... 43 1001.1 Scope...... 49 901.6 Operation and Maintenance 1001.2 Insulation ...... 49 Manual ...... 44 1002.0 Recirculation Systems ...... 49 901.7 Minimum Water Quality 1002.1 Pump Operation...... 49 Requirements ...... 44 1002.2 Recirculation Pump Controls...... 49 901.8 Material Compatibility...... 44 1002.3 Temperature Maintenance 901.9 System Controls...... 44 Controls...... 49 901.10 Separation Requirements...... 44 1002.4 System Balancing ...... 49 901.11 Abandonment...... 44 1002.5 Flow Balancing Valves...... 49 901.12 Sizing ...... 44 1002.6 Air Elimination ...... 49 902.0 Nonpotable Rainwate 1002.7 Gravity or Thermosyphon Catchment Systems...... 44 Systems...... 49 902.1 General...... 44 1003.0 Service Hot Water – Low-Rise 902.2 Plumbing Plan Submission...... 44 Residential Buildings...... 49 902.3 System Changes...... 44 1003.1 General...... 49 902.4 Connections to Potable or 1003.2 Water Heaters and Storage Tanks....49 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water 1003.3 Recirculation Systems ...... 50 Systems...... 44 1003.4 Central Water Heating 902.5 Initial Cross-Connection Test...... 44 Equipment...... 50 902.6 Sizing ...... 44 1003.5 Insulation ...... 50 902.7 Rainwater Catchment System 1003.6 Hard Water...... 50 Materials ...... 44 1003.7 Maximum Volume of Hot Water.....50 902.8 Rainwater Catchment Water Table 1003.7.1 Water Volume for Distribution System Color and Marking Piping Materials...... 50 Information ...... 45 Table 1003.7.2(1) Length Per Volume of Piping...... 50 903.0 Design and Installation ...... 45

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD xi Table 1003.7.2(2) Length Per Volume of Piping...... 51 APPENDICES Table 1003.7.2(3) Length Per Volume of Piping...... 51 Appendix A Potable Rainwater Catchment Table 1003.7.2(4) Length Per Volume of Piping...... 51 Systems...... 61 1004.0 Service Hot Water – Other Than Appendix B Vacuum Drainage Systems...... 65 Low-Rise Residential Buildings...... 52 Appendix C Peak Water Demand Calculator...... 67 1004.1 General...... 52 Appendix D Composting Toilet and Urine 1004.2 New Buildings ...... 52 Diversion Inspection Checklist...... 73 1004.3 Additions to Existing Buildings...... 52 1004.4 Alterations to Existing Buildings.....52 INDEX ...... 77 1004.5 Compliance Path...... 52 1004.6 Energy Cost Budget Method ...... 52 1005.0 Mandatory Provisions...... 52 1005.1 Load Calculations ...... 52 1005.2 Equipment Efficiency ...... 52 1005.3 Insulation ...... 52 1005.4 Hot Water System Design ...... 52 1005.5 Service Water Heating System Controls...... 52 Table 1005.2 Performance Requirements for Water Heating Equipment ...... 53 1005.6 Heat Traps...... 54 1006.0 Prescriptive Path ...... 54 1006.1 Space Heating and Water Heating...54 1006.2 Service Water Heating Equipment...... 54 1006.3 Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating...... 54 1007.0 Submittals ...... 54 1007.1 General...... 54 1008.0 Hard Water ...... 54 1008.1 Softening and Treatment...... 54 1009.0 Drain Water Heat Exchangers ...... 54 1009.1 General...... 54 1010.0 Heat Recovery from Steam Boiler Blowdown...... 54 1010.1 General...... 54

CHAPTER 11 INSTALLER QUALIFICATIONS ...... 55 1101.0 General...... 55 1101.1 Scope...... 55 1102.0 Qualifications...... 55 1102.1 General...... 55

CHAPTER 12 REFERENCED STANDARDS ...57 1201.0 General...... 57 1201.1 Standards...... 57 Table 1201.1 Referenced Standards ...... 57 xii 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION

101.0 Title, Scope, and General. 101.6 Referenced Codes and Standards. The codes and 101.1 Title. This document shall be known as the “Water Effi- standards referenced in this standard shall be considered part ciency and Sanitation Standard (WEStand),” shall be cited as of the requirements of this standard to the prescribed extent such, and will be referred to herein as “this standard.” of each such reference. 101.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide 101.6.1 Building. The provisions of the building code minimum requirements to optimize water use practices attrib- shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, uted to the built environment while maintaining protection of enlargement, replacement, repair, use and occupancy, the public health, safety and welfare. This standard is not location, maintenance, removal and demolition of every intended to circumvent the health, safety and general welfare structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to requirements of the codes referenced in Section 101.6. such buildings or structures. The provisions of the electrical code 101.3 Plans Required. The Authority Having Jurisdiction 101.6.2 Electrical. shall apply to the installation of electrical systems, shall be permitted to require the submission of plans, speci- including but not limited to, alterations, repair, replace- fications, drawings, and such other information as the ment, equipment, appliances, fixtures, fittings, and Authority Having Jurisdiction may deem necessary, prior to appurtenances thereto. the commencement of, and at any time during the progress of, any work regulated by this standard. The issuance of a 101.6.3 Mechanical. The provisions of the mechanical permit upon plans and specifications shall not prevent the code shall apply to the installation, alterations, repair and Authority Having Jurisdiction from thereafter requiring the replacement of mechanical systems, including equip- correction of errors in said plans and specifications or from ment, appliances, including ventilating, heating, cooling, preventing construction operations being carried on there- air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. Where a under when in violation of this standard or of any other perti- mechanical code is not adopted or where the content of nent ordinance or from revoking any certificate of approval the mechanical code adopted by the jurisdiction is not when issued in error. applicable, then mechanical code shall mean the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) promulgated by the 101.4 Scope. The provisions of this standard shall apply to International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical the erection, installation, alteration, repair, relocation, Officials (IAPMO). replacement, addition to, use, or maintenance of plumbing The provisions of the plumbing code and mechanical systems covered by the scope of this stan- 101.6.4 Plumbing. shall apply to the installation, alteration, repair and replace- dard within this jurisdiction. ment of plumbing systems, including equipment, appli- 101.4.1 Repairs and Alterations. In existing build- ances, fixtures, fittings and appurtenances. Where a ings or premises in which plumbing and mechanical plumbing code is not adopted or where the content of the installations that were designed and installed in accor- plumbing code adopted by the jurisdiction is not applicable, dance with this standard are to be altered, repaired, or then plumbing code shall mean the Uniform Plumbing renovated, deviations from the provisions of this stan- Code (UPC) promulgated by the International Association dard are permitted, provided such deviations are found of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). to be necessary and are first approved by the Authority 101.6.5 Solar. Solar energy systems shall be installed Having Jurisdiction. in accordance with the Uniform Solar Energy Code 101.4.2 Existing Construction. No provision of this (USEC) promulgated by the International Association of standard shall be deemed to require a change in any Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). portion of a plumbing or mechanical system or any other 101.6.6 Swimming Pool. The provisions of the swim- work regulated by this standard in or on an existing ming pool code shall apply to the erection, installation, building or lot when such work was installed and is main- alteration, repair, relocation, replacement, addition to, use tained in accordance with law in effect prior to the effec- and maintenance of swimming pools, spas, or hot tub tive date of this standard, except when any such plumbing systems. Where a swimming pool code is not adopted or or mechanical system is determined by the Authority where the content of the swimming pool code adopted by Having Jurisdiction to be dangerous, unsafe, insanitary, the jurisdiction is not applicable, then swimming pool code a nuisance or a menace to life, health, or property. shall mean the Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa & Hot Tub 101.5 Appendices. The provisions in the appendices are Code (USPSHTC) promulgated by the International Asso- intended to augment the requirements of this standard and ciation of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). shall not be considered part of this standard unless formally 101.7 Conflicts. Where, in any specific case, different adopted as such. sections of this standard or referenced standards specify different materials, methods of construction, or other require-

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 1 ADMINISTRATION ments, the most restrictive shall govern as determined by the with are in accordance with the requirements of the code and Authority Having Jurisdiction. When there is a conflict other pertinent laws and ordinances, and that the fees speci- between a general requirement and a specific requirement, fied in Section 104.3 have been paid, the Authority Having the specific requirement shall be applicable. Jurisdiction shall issue a permit therefore to the applicant. 104.2 Approved Plans or Construction Documents. 102.0 Alternate Materials, Designs, and Methods of Where the Authority Having Jurisdiction issues the permit Construction Equivalency. where plans are required, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall endorse in writing or stamp the construction documents 102.1 General. Nothing in this standard is intended to “APPROVED.” Such approved construction documents shall prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent not be changed, modified, or altered without authorization or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, from the Authority Having Jurisdiction, and the work shall durability, and safety over those prescribed by this standard. be done in accordance with approved plans. Technical documentation shall be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. The 104.3 Permit Fees. The fees shall be determined and Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to adopted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. approve or disapprove the system, method, or device for the intended purpose. 105.0 Inspections. However, the exercise of this discretionary approval by 105.1 General. Plumbing and mechanical systems for which the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have no effect beyond a permit is required by this standard or the applicable code the jurisdictional boundaries of said Authority Having Juris- shall be inspected by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. No diction. Any alternate material or method of construction so portion of any plumbing or mechanical system shall be approved shall not be considered as in accordance with the concealed until inspected and approved. Neither the Authority requirements, intent or both of this standard for any purpose Having Jurisdiction nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for other than that granted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction expense entailed in the removal or replacement of material when the submitted data does not prove equivalency. required to permit inspection. When the installation of a plumbing or mechanical system is complete, an additional 103.0 Plans and Specifications. and final inspection shall be made. 103.1 Construction Documents. Construction docu- ments, engineering calculations, diagrams, and other data shall 106.0 Connection Approval. be submitted in two or more sets with each application for a 106.1 Connections. No person shall make connection to permit. The construction documents, computations, and spec- any plumbing system regulated by this standard for which a ifications shall be prepared by, and the plumbing designed by, permit is required unless approved by the Authority Having a registered design professional. Construction documents shall Jurisdiction. be drawn to scale with clarity to identify that the intended 106.2 Energy Connections. No person shall make connec- work to be performed is in accordance with the code. tions from a source of energy or fuel to any system or equip- Exception: The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be ment regulated by this standard and for which a permit is permitted to waive the submission of construction documents, required until approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. calculations, or other data where the Authority Having Juris- 106.3 Temporary Connections. The Authority Having diction finds that the nature of the work applied for is such Jurisdiction shall be permitted to authorize temporary connec- that reviewing of construction documents is not necessary to tion of the plumbing or mechanical equipment to the source obtain compliance with this standard. of energy or fuel for the purpose of testing the equipment. 103.2 Supplemental Information. Supplemental infor- mation necessary to verify compliance with this standard, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, product 107.0 Maintenance. listings, or other data, shall be made available when required 107.1 General. Plumbing and mechanical systems, mate- by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. rials, and appurtenances, both existing and new, and parts thereof shall be maintained in proper operating condition in accordance with the original design and in a safe and hazard- 104.0 Permit Issuance. free condition. Devices or safeguards that are required by this 104.1 Permit Issuance. The application, construction standard shall be maintained in conformance with the stan- documents, and other data filed by an applicant for a permit dard edition under which installed. The owner or the owner’s shall be reviewed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Such designated agent shall be responsible for maintenance of plans shall be permitted to be reviewed by other departments plumbing and mechanical systems and equipment. To deter- of this jurisdiction to verify compliance with applicable laws mine compliance with this subsection, the Authority Having under their jurisdiction. Where the Authority Having Juris- Jurisdiction shall be permitted to cause a plumbing or diction finds that the work described in an application for mechanical system or equipment to be reinspected. permit and the plans, specifications, and other data filed there-

2 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD ADMINISTRATION

107.2 Information Required. Information, such as manu- facturer’s instructions, owner’s manuals or other information shall be provided for all products and systems that require regular maintenance to achieve the effective use of energy and water. A maintenance schedule that includes clear instructions of the maintenance action and makes reference to the owner’s manual shall be required and made available.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 3 4 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

201.0 General. For the purpose of this standard, the Branch. A part of the piping system other than a main, riser, following terms have the meanings indicated in this chapter. or stack. No attempt is made to define ordinary words, which are Building Code. The building code that is adopted by the used in accordance with their established dictionary mean- jurisdiction. ings, except where a word has been used loosely and it is necessary to define its meaning as used in this standard to avoid misunderstanding. 205.0 –C– The definitions of terms are arranged alphabetically Catch Can Test. Method to measure the precipitation rate according to the first word of the term. of an irrigation system by placing catchment containers at various random positions in the irrigation zone for a

prescribed amount of time during irrigation application. The 202.0 Definition of Terms. volumes of water in the containers are measured, averaged and calculated to determine precipitation rate. Tests are 203.0 –A– conducted using irrigation industry accepted practices. Accessible. Where applied to a fixture, connection, appli- Challenge Test. The evaluation of a unit treatment process ance, or equipment, “accessible” means having access for pathogen log10 reduction performance using selected thereto, but which first may require the removal of an access surrogate or indigenous constituents. This includes a detailed panel, door, or similar obstruction. technology evaluation study conducted to challenge the treat- Air Gap, Drainage. The unobstructed vertical distance ment technology over a wide range of operational conditions. through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from Combination Ovens. A device that combines the function a pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance, or appurtenance of hot air convection (oven mode) and saturated and super- conveying waste to the flood-level rim of the receptor. heated steam heating (steam mode), or both, to perform Air Gap, Water Distribution. The unobstructed vertical steaming, baking, roasting, rethermalizing, and proofing of distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest various food products. In general, the term combination oven opening from a pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the is used to describe this type of equipment, which is self flood-level rim of a tank, vat, or fixture. contained. The combination oven is also referred to as a Alternate Water Source. Nonpotable source of water that combination oven/steamer, combi or combo. includes but not limited to gray water, on-site treated Commissioning. The activities associated with bringing a nonpotable water, rainwater, and reclaimed (recycled) water. new process into normal working condition. Authority Having Jurisdiction. The organization, office, . The composting toilet fixture for collecting, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a containing, or transporting excreta to the compost processor. code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, Compost Additives. Any material such as sawdust, wood installations, or procedures. The Authority Having Jurisdic- shavings, and other compostable material added to the tion shall be a federal, state, local, or other regional depart- commode or compost processor to maintain operational ment or an individual such as a plumbing official, mechanical conditions within the composting toilet system. official, labor department official, health department official, building official, or others having statutory authority. In the Composting Toilet System. A system designed to safely absence of a statutory authority, the Authority Having Juris- collect and process excreta and compost additives into humus diction may be some other responsible party. This definition through aerobic decomposition. shall include the Authority Having Jurisdiction’s duly author- Compost Processor. The site of aerobic decomposition ized representative. transforming excreta and compost additives into humus. Condensate. Liquid water separated from a gaseous state 204.0 –B– due to changes in temperature or pressure, or both, and Blackwater. Waste water containing bodily or other biolog- remains liquid at standard conditions. ical wastes discharged from toilets and kitchen waste. Conditioned Space. An area, room, or space normally Bottle Filling Station. A plumbing fixture that is connected occupied and being heated or cooled for human habitation by to the potable water distribution and building drainage system any equipment. that is designed and intended for filling personal use drinking Cross-connection. A connection or arrangement, physical water bottles or containers not less than 10 inches (250 mm) or otherwise, between a potable water supply system and a in height. Such fixtures can be separate from or integral to a plumbing fixture or a tank, receptor, equipment, or device, drinking fountain and can incorporate a water filter and a through which it may be possible for nonpotable, used, cooling system for chilling the drinking water. unclean, polluted, and contaminated water, or other

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 5 DEFINITIONS substances to enter into a part of such potable water system wherein heat is imparted to food in a closed compartment by under any condition. direct contact with steam. The compartment can be at or above atmospheric pressure. The steam can be static or circulated. 206.0 –D– Debris Excluder. A device installed on a rainwater or 209.0 –G– stormwater catchment conveyance system to prevent the Gang Showers. Shower compartments designed and accumulation of leaves, needles, or other debris in the system. intended for use by multiple persons simultaneously. Dedicated Meter. A water measuring device used at a Geothermal. Renewable energy generated by deep-earth. subsection or end use of a water supply system for any of the Gray Water. Untreated waste water that has not come into following purposes: billing, water management, collecting contact with toilet waste, kitchen sink waste, dishwasher and analyzing water usage data, detection of leaks, equipment waste or similarly contaminated sources. Gray water includes failure, water waste, and irregular or abnormal use for a waste water from bathtubs, showers, lavatories, clothes specific application. Also called a submeter. washers and laundry tubs. Also known as grey water, Desiccation. The process of dehydrating excreta or leachate. graywater, and greywater. Disposal Field. An intended destination for gray water, Gray Water Diverter Valve. A valve that directs gray water including but not limited to, a mulch basin or receiving land- to the sanitary drainage system or to a subsurface irrigation scape feature, gray water leach field, or other approved system. method of disposal. Ground Source Heat Pump. A heat pump that uses the Diverted Urine. Urine that is collected and has not made thermal energy of the ground or groundwater to provide space contact with feces. conditioning or water heating. Dry Weather Runoff. Water that flows along a surface, in a channel or sub-surface including groundwater seepage, and 210.0 –H– is not associated with a rain event. Humus. The biologically decomposed, soil-like output of the compost processor. 207.0 –E– Hydrozone. A grouping of plants with similar water require- Energy Star. A joint program of the U.S. Environmental ments that are irrigated by the same irrigation zone. Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy. Energy Star is a voluntary program designed to identify and 211.0 –I– promote energy-efficient products and practices. Irrigation Control System. An irrigation control system ETc. Evapotranspiration rate of the plants derived by multi- consists of a combination of a programmable controller using plying ETo by the appropriate plant factor or coefficient. one or more inputs or sensors that, in combination, estimate ETo. Reference evapotranspiration for a cool-season grass as or measure the availability of moisture for plants in order to calculated by the standardized Penman-Monteith equation operate an irrigation system, in such a manner that the system based on weather-station data. replenishes water as needed while minimizing excess water Evapotranspiration (ET). The water transpired from vege- use. A properly programmed irrigation control system tation, evaporated from the soil, water, and plant surfaces. requires initial site specific set-up and will make irrigation Evapotranspiration rates are values expressed in inches per schedule adjustments, including run times and required cycles unit of time (day, week, month, or year). Evapotranspiration throughout the irrigation season without human intervention. rates vary by components of weather conditions, including Irrigation Demand. The amount of water not supplied by insolation, humidity, temperatures and wind, and time of year. natural precipitation that is needed to maintain landscape Excreta. Includes but is not limited to urine, feces, menses, plant life in good condition. Irrigation demand is calculated , and other human body emissions and biodegrad- by subtracting natural effective precipitation from the ET rate able cleaning products. adjusted by the landscape coefficient which includes the func- tional purpose and desired quality of the plant being irrigated. 208.0 –F– Irrigation Emission Device. The various landscape irri- gation equipment terminal fittings or outlets that emit water Field Verification. Performance confirmation study for irrigating vegetation in a landscape. conducted using challenge testing, including surrogate microorganisms and/or other non-biological surrogates, Irrigation Zone. The landscape area that is irrigated by a usually during startup and commissioning. set of landscape irrigation emission devices installed on the same water supply line downstream of a single valve. Flow-Through Design. A fitting or a fitting configuration with two primary inlet connections and one, or more outlet connections with the purpose to supply water to a fixture fitting. 212.0 –J– Food Steamers (Steam Cookers). A cooking appliance No Definitions.

6 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD DEFINITIONS

213.0 –K– precipitation rate of 1 inch per hour over the applied irriga- Kitchen and Bar Sink Faucets. A faucet that discharges tion area. into a kitchen or bar sink in domestic or commercial installations. Supply fittings that discharge into other type 215.0 –M– , including clinic sinks, floor sinks, service sinks and Main. The principal artery of a system of continuous piping laundry trays are not included. to which branches may be connected.

Maintenance. The upkeep of property or equipment by the 214.0 –L– owner of the property in compliance with the requirements Lavatory. 1) a basin or vessel, for washing. 2) a plumbing of this standard. fixture, as defined in (1), especially placed for use in personal Mechanical Code. The mechanical code that is adopted by hygiene. Principally not used for laundry purposes and never the jurisdiction. Where a mechanical code is not adopted or used for food preparation, or utensils, in food services. 3) a where the content of the mechanical code adopted by the fixture designed for the washing of the hands and face. Some- jurisdiction is not applicable, then mechanical code shall times called a wash basin. mean the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) promulgated by Lavatory Faucet. A faucet that discharges into a lavatory the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical in a domestic or commercial installation. Officials (IAPMO). Leachate. Liquid draining from the compost processor. Metering Faucet. A self-closing faucet that dispenses a Listed (Third-party Certified). Equipment or materials specific volume of water for each actuation cycle. The included in a list published by a listing agency (accredited volume or cycle duration can be fixed or adjustable. conformity assessment body) that maintains periodic inspec- Modified Evapotranspiration. Numeric values, expressed tion on current production of listed equipment or materials in inches/hr., of evapotranspiration rates, derived by altering and whose listing states either that the equipment or material ETo rates by applying factors of specific needs of the vege- complies with approved standards or has been tested and tation and local climate conditions. Modified evapotranspi- found suitable for use in a specified manner. ration rates are used as a factor in estimating the irrigation water needs of landscapes. Common usage includes reference Listing Agency. An agency accredited by an independent evapotranspiration as the base rate, modified by coefficients and authoritative conformity assessment body to operate a or factors for specific plant types and densities. material and product listing and labeling (certification) system and that is accepted by the Authority Having Juris- Mulch. Organic materials, such as wood chips and fines, diction, which is in the business of listing or labeling. The tree bark chips, and pine needles that are used in a mulch system includes initial and ongoing product testing, a peri- basin to conceal gray water outlets and permit the infiltra- odic inspection on current production of listed (certified) tion of gray water. products, and that makes available a published report of such Mulch Basin. A subsurface catchment area for gray water listing in which specific information is included that the mate- that is filled with mulch and of sufficient depth and volume rial or product in accordance with applicable standards and to prevent ponding, surfacing or runoff. found safe for use in a specific manner. Multi-Occupant Spaces. Indoor spaces used as a place of Log10 Reduction. The removal of a pathogen or surrogate congregation for activities such as presentations and training, in a unit process expressed in log10 units of the effluent including classrooms and conference rooms. concentration over the influent concentration. Note: A 1-log reduction equates to 90% removal, 2-log 216.0 –N– reduction to 99% removal, 3-log reduction to 99.9% removal, Nonwater Urinal with Drain Cleansing Action. A and so on. nonwater urinal that conveys waste into the drainage system Log10 Reduction Target (LRT). The log10 reduction target without the use of water for flushing and automatically performs for the specified pathogen group (e.g., viruses, bacteria, or a drain-cleansing action after a predetermined amount of time. protozoa) to achieve the identified level of risk to individuals Non-sewered Sanitation System. A prefabricated inte- -4 (e.g., 10 infection per year). grated unit that is not connected to a public Low Application Rate Irrigation. A means of irrigation sewer or private sewage disposal system. using Low Precipitation Rate Sprinkler Heads or Low Flow Emitters in conjunction with cycling irrigation schedules to apply water at a rate less than the soil absorption rate. 217.0 –O– Low Flow Emitter. Low flow irrigation emission device On-Site Treated NonPotable Water. Nonpotable water, designed to dissipate water pressure and discharge a small that has been collected, treated, and intended to be used on- site and is suitable for direct beneficial use. uniform flow or trickle of water at a constant flow rate. Owner’s Manual. A manual provided to the owner Low Precipitation Rate Sprinkler Heads. Landscape containing instructions for all management aspects of that irrigation emission devices or sprinkler heads with maximum system.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 7 DEFINITIONS

218.0 –P– Registered Design Professional. An individual who is Plumbing Code. The plumbing code that is adopted by the registered or licensed by the laws of the state to perform such jurisdiction. Where a plumbing code is not adopted or where design work in the jurisdiction. the content of the plumbing code adopted by the jurisdiction Reverse Osmosis Reject Water. Water that does not pass is not applicable, then plumbing code shall mean the Uniform through a membrane of a reverse osmosis system. Plumbing Code (UPC) promulgated by the International Roof Washer. A device or method for removal of sediment Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). and debris from a collection surface by diverting initial rain- Potable Water. Water that is satisfactory for drinking, culi- fall from entry into the cistern(s). Also known as a first flush nary, and domestic purposes and that meets the requirements device. of the Health Authority Having Jurisdiction. Run Out. The developed length of pipe that extends away Precipitation Rate. The sprinkler head application rate of from the circulating loop system to a fixture(s). water applied to landscape irrigation zone, measured as inches (millimeters) per hour. Precipitation rates of sprinkler 221.0 –S– heads are calculated according to the flow rate, pattern and spacing of the sprinkler heads. Secondary Composting. Additional retention and continued decomposition of humus removed from compost Pre-Rinse Spray Valve. A handheld device for use with processors in order to meet a safe retention time. commercial dishwashing and ware washing equipment that sprays water on dishes, flatware, and other food service items Self Closing Faucet. A faucet that closes itself after the for the purpose of removing food residue before cleaning and actuation or control mechanism is deactivated. The actuation sanitizing the items. or control mechanism can be mechanical or electronic. Public Water System. A system for the provision to the Single Occupant Spaces. Private offices, workstations public of water for human consumption through pipes or in open offices, reception workstations, and ticket booths. other constructed conveyances, if such system has at least Site-Built. Constructed at the site of use. fifteen service connections or regularly serves an average of Soil Absorption Rate. The rate of the soil’s ability to allow twenty-five individuals daily for at least 60 days per year. water to percolate or infiltrate the soil and be retained in the root zone of the soil, expressed as inches (millimeters) per hour. 219.0 –Q– Sprinkler Head. Landscape irrigation emission device Quick-Disconnect Device. A hand-operated device that discharging water in the form of sprays or rotating streams, provides a means for connecting and disconnecting a hose to not including Low Flow Emitters. a water supply and that is equipped with a means to shut off Stormwater. Natural precipitation that has contacted a surface the water supply when the device is disconnected. at grade, below grade, or above ground parking surfaces. Stormwater Catchment System. A system that collects 220.0 –R– and stores stormwater for the intended purpose of beneficial use. Also known as Stormwater Harvesting System. Rainwater. Natural precipitation that lands on a man-made, impervious above ground surface and can be collected on-site Submeter. A meter installed subordinate to a site meter. for beneficial uses. Also known as a dedicated meter. Rainwater Catchment System. A system that collects Subsoil Irrigation Field. Gray water irrigation field installed and stores rainwater for the intended purpose of beneficial in a trench within the layer of soil below the topsoil. This use. Also known as Rainwater Harvesting System. system is typically used for irrigation of deep rooted plants. Recirculation System. A system of hot water supply and Subsurface Irrigation Field. Gray water irrigation field return piping with shutoff valves, balancing valves, circulating installed below finished grade within the topsoil. pumps, and a method of controlling the circulating system. Surge Tank. A reservoir to modify the fluctuation in flow Reclaimed (Recycled) Water. Nonpotable water provided rates to allow for uniform distribution of gray water to the by a water/wastewater utility that, as a result of treatment of points of irrigation. domestic wastewater, meets requirements of the Authority Surrogate. A biological, chemical, or physical parameter Having Jurisdiction for its intended uses. used to verify pathogen reductions performances. Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo). Numeric value, expressed in inches/hr., calculated as the water necessary to 222.0 –T– produce maximum biomass based upon a cool-season turf Transfer. The controlled transfer of excreta or partially grass 4-6 inches tall. Common sources for obtaining local processed humus between commode and composting reference evapotranspiration rates are local agriculture exten- processor or between multi-stage composting processors. sion services, state departments of agriculture, water agen- cies, irrigation professionals, the United States Geological 223.0 –U– Survey, and internet websites. Urine Diversion. Separation of urine from other excreta that

8 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD DEFINITIONS occurs at the commode.

224.0 –V– Validation Report. Report documenting the results of a challenge test conducted during field verification. Vectors. An organism that has the potential to transmit disease.

225.0 –W– WaterSense. A voluntary program of the U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency designed to identify and promote water-efficient products and practices. Water Closet. A fixture with a water-containing receptor that receives liquid and solid body waste and on actuation conveys the waste through an exposed integral trap into a drainage system. Also referred to as a toilet. Water Factor (WF). A measurement and rating of appliance water efficiency, most often used for residential and light commercial clothes washers, as follows: Clothes Washer (residential and commercial). The quantity of water in gallons used to complete a full wash and rinse cycle per measured cubic foot capacity of the clothes container. Water/Wastewater Utility. A public or private entity which may treat, deliver or do both functions to reclaimed (recy- cled) water, potable water, or both to wholesale or retail customers.

226.0 –X– No definitions.

227.0 –Y– No definitions.

228.0 –Z– No definitions.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 9 10 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS

301.0 Scope. This chapter covers the general requirements 304.2 Connections to Plumbing System Required. for plumbing and mechanical systems covered by this standard. Plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances, and appliances, Such systems shall be in accordance with the requirements of used to receive or discharge liquid wastes or sewage, shall be this standard, the plumbing code and the mechanical code. connected properly to the drainage system of the building or premises, in accordance with the requirements of the plumbing code and this standard. 302.0 Approval. 302.1 Minimum Standards. Pipe, pipe fittings, traps, Exceptions: fixtures, material, and devices used in a plumbing system (1) Composting toilets. shall be listed (third-party certified) by a listing agency (2) Non-sewered sanitation systems. (accredited conformity assessment body) as complying with the approved applicable recognized standards referenced in this standard, and shall be free from defects. Unless other- 305.0 Abandonment. wise provided for in this standard, materials, fixtures, or 305.1 General. Every abandoned system or part thereof devices used or entering into the construction of plumbing covered under the scope of this standard shall be disconnected systems, or parts thereof, shall be submitted to the Authority from any remaining systems, drained, plugged, and capped Having Jurisdiction for approval prior to being installed. in an approved manner. 302.1.1 Plastic Pipe, Plastic Pipe Fittings, and 305.2 Underground Tank. Every underground water Components. Plastic pipe, plastic pipe fittings, and storage tank that has been abandoned or otherwise discon- components other than those for gas shall comply with tinued from use in a system covered under the scope of this NSF 14. standard shall be completely drained and filled with earth, 302.2 Mechanical Systems. Mechanical equipment and sand, gravel, concrete, or other approved material or removed appliances shall be approved by the Authority Having Juris- in a manner satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. diction or comply with the applicable nationally referenced standards as evidenced by the listing and label of an approved agency.

303.0 Installation. 303.1 Plumbing and Mechanical Systems. Plumbing and mechanical systems covered by this standard shall be installed in a manner conforming to the plumbing, mechan- ical, other applicable codes, and the manufacturer’s installa- tion and operating instructions. 303.2 Rehabilitation of Piping Systems. When pres- sure piping systems are rehabilitated using an epoxy lining system it shall meet ASTM F2831. 303.3 Qualifications. Where permits are required, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to require contractors, installers, or service technicians to demonstrate competency. Where determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, the contractor, installer or service tech- nician shall be licensed to perform such work.

304.0 Disposal of Liquid Waste. 304.1 Disposal. It shall be unlawful for any person to cause, suffer, or permit the disposal of sewage, human excrement, or other liquid wastes, in any place or manner, except through and by means of an approved drainage system, installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of the plumbing code and this standard. Exception: Composting toilets.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 11 12 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 4 WATER EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION

401.0 General. 402.2.2 -Valve Activated Water 401.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter establish the Closets. Flushometer-valve activated water closets means of conserving potable and nonpotable water used in shall have a maximum flush volume of not more than and around a building. 1.28 gallons (4.8 L) of water per flush in accordance with ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 and shall be listed to the

EPA WaterSense Specification for Flushometer-Valve 402.0 Water-Conserving Plumbing Fixtures and Water Closets. Fittings. 402.3 Urinals. Urinals shall have a maximum flush volume 402.1 General. The maximum water consumption of fixtures of not more than 0.50 gallons (1.9 L) of water per flush in and fixture fittings shall comply with the flow rates specified accordance with ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA in Table 402.1 and Section 402.2 through Section 402.10. B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Flushing urinals shall be listed to the 402.2 Water Closets. No water closet shall have an effective EPA WaterSense Specification for Flushing Urinals. flush volume exceeding 1.28 gallons (4.8 Lpf) per flush (gpf). 402.3.1 Nonwater Urinals. Nonwater urinals shall 402.2.1 Gravity, Pressure Assisted and Electro- comply with ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4, ASME Hydraulic Tank Type Water Closets. Gravity, pres- A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Nonwater sure assisted, and electro-hydraulic tank type water urinals shall be cleaned and maintained in accordance closets shall have a maximum effective flush volume of with the manufacturer’s instructions after installation. not more than 1.28 gallons (4.8 Lpf) of water per flush in Where nonwater urinals are installed they shall have a accordance with ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or water distribution line roughed-in to the urinal location at ASME A112.19.14 and shall also be listed to the EPA a height not less than 56 inches (1422 mm) above WaterSense Specification for Tank-Type Toilets. The finished floor to allow for the installation of an approved effective flush volume for dual-flush toilets is defined as backflow prevention device in the event of a retrofit. the composite, average flush volume of two reduced Such water distribution lines shall be installed with flushes and one full flush. shutoff valves located as close as possible to the distrib- uting main to prevent the creation of dead ends. Where TABLE 402.1 nonwater urinals are installed, not less than one water MAXIMUM FIXTURE AND FIXTURE FITTINGS FLOW RATES supplied fixture rated at not less than 1 drainage fixture unit (DFU) shall be installed upstream on the same drain FIXTURE TYPE FLOW RATE line to facilitate drain line flow and rinsing. Showerheads 2.0 gpm @ 80 psi1 Exception: Nonwater urinals used as part of a com- Kitchen faucets residential4 1.8 gpm @ 60 psi posting toilet system. Lavatory faucets residential 1.5 gpm @ 60 psi 402.3.2 Nonwater Urinals with Drain Cleansing Lavatory faucets other than Action. Nonwater Urinals with drain cleansing action 0.5 gpm @ 60 psi residential shall comply with ASME A112.19.19 and shall be Metering faucets 0.25 gallons/cycle cleaned, maintained and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. One (1) 0.25 gal per cycle Metering faucets for wash fountains fixture fitting for each 20 402.4 Residential Kitchen Faucets. The maximum flow inches rim space rate of residential kitchen faucets shall not exceed 1.8 gallons One (1) 2.2 gpm @ 60 psi per minute (gpm) (6.8 L/m) at 60 pounds-force per square Wash fountains fixture fitting for each 20 inch (psi) (414 kPa). Kitchen faucets are permitted to inches rim space temporarily increase the flow above the maximum rate, but Water Closets 1.28 gallons/flush2 not to exceed 2.2 gpm (8.3 L/m) at 60 psi (414 kPa), and must Urinals 0.5 gallons/flush3 revert to a maximum flow rate of 1.8 gpm (6.8 L/m) at 60 psi (414 kPa) upon valve closure. Commercial Pre-Rinse Spray 1.3 gpm @ 60 psi Valves 402.5 Lavatory Faucets. The maximum water flow rate of faucets shall be in accordance with Section 402.5.1 and 1 For multiple showerheads serving one shower compartment see Section Section 402.5.2. 402.6.1 2 Shall also be listed to EPA WaterSense Specification for Tank-Type 402.5.1 Lavatory Faucets in Residences, Apart- Toilets. ments, and Private in Lodging Facili- 3 Shall also be listed to EPA WaterSense Specification for Flushing Urinals. ties, Hospitals, and Patient Care Facilities. The flow Nonwater urinals shall meet the specifications listed in Section 402.3.1. rate for lavatory faucets installed in residences, apartments, 4 See Section 402.4. and private bathrooms in lodging, hospitals, and patient

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care facilities (including skilled nursing and long-term care kitchen to remove food waste from cookware and dishes prior facilities) shall not exceed 1.5 gpm (5.7 L/m) at 60 psi (414 to cleaning shall not be more than 1.28 gpm (4.8 L/m) at 60 kPa) in accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 psi (414 kPa). Where pre-rinse spray valves with maximum and shall be listed to the U.S. EPA WaterSense High-Effi- flow rates of 1.0 gpm (3.8 L/m) or less are installed, the static ciency Lavatory Faucet Specification. pressure shall be not less than 30 psi (207 kPa). Commercial 402.5.2 Lavatory Faucets in Other Than Resi- kitchen pre-rinse spray valves shall be equipped with an inte- dences, Apartments, and Private Bathrooms in gral automatic shutoff. Lodging Facilities. Lavatory faucets installed in bath- 402.10 Emergency Safety Showers and Eye Wash rooms of buildings or occupancies other than those spec- Stations. Emergency safety showers and emergency eye wash ified in Section 402.5.1 shall be in accordance with stations shall not be limited in their water supply flow rates. Section 402.5.2.1 or Section 402.5.2.2. 402.11 Drinking Fountains and Bottle Filling 402.5.2.1 Maximum Flow Rate. The flow rate Stations. Bottle filling stations shall be included on or used shall not exceed 0.5 gpm (1.9 L/m) at 60 psi (414 kPa) as a substitute to meet the requirements of drinking fountains in accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. in at least 50 percent of the requirements for drinking foun- 402.5.2.2 Metering Faucets. Metering faucets tains. Bottle filling stations and drinking fountains shall be shall deliver not more than 0.25 gallons (1.0 L) of self closing. water per cycle. 402.12 Recirculating Shower Systems. Recirculating 402.6 Showerheads. Showerheads shall not exceed a flow shower systems shall comply with IAPMO IGC330. rate of 2.0 gpm (7.6 L/m) at 80 psi (552 kPa) and shall be 402.13 Installation. Water-conserving fixtures and fixture listed to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and the EPA fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufac- WaterSense Specification for Showerheads. turers’ instructions to maintain their rated performance. 402.6.1 Multiple Showerheads Serving One Shower Compartment. The total allowable flow rate 403.0 Appliances. of water from multiple showerheads flowing at any given time, with or without a diverter, including rain systems, 403.1 Dishwashers. Residential and commercial dish- waterfalls, bodysprays, and jets, shall not exceed 2.0 gpm washers shall be in accordance with the Energy Star program (7.6 L/m) per shower compartment, where the floor area requirements. of the shower compartment is less than 1800 square 403.2 Clothes Washers. Residential clothes washers shall inches (1.161 m2). For each increment of 1800 square be in accordance with the Energy Star program requirements. inches (1.161 m2) of floor area thereafter or part thereof, Commercial clothes washers shall be in accordance with Energy additional showerheads are allowed, provided the total Star program requirements, where such requirements exist. flow rate of water from all flowing devices shall not exceed 2.0 gpm (7.6 L/m) for each such increment. 404.0 Non-Sewered Sanitation Systems. Exceptions: 404.1 General. Non-sewered sanitation systems shall (1) Gang showers in non-residential occupanices. comply with ISO 30500. Singular showerheads or multiple show outlets 404.2 Installation. The installation of non-sewered sanitation serving one showering position in gang showers shall systems shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instal- not have more than 2.0 gpm (7.6 L/m) total flow. lation instructions and Section 404.2.1 through Section 404.2.5. (2) Where provided, shower compartments required for 404.2.1 Operating Conditions. A non-sewered sani- persons with disabilities in accordance with Table tation system in either a conditioned or unconditioned 1201.1 shall not have more than 4.0 gpm (15.0 L/m) space shall be installed where the ambient temperature, total flow, where one outlet is the hand shower. ambient humidity, and altitude (atmospheric pressure) 402.7 Bath and Shower Diverters. Tub spout bath and are in accordance with the manufacturer's installation shower diverters, while operating in the shower mode, shall instructions or product listing. perform with zero leakage. 404.2.2 Clearances for Servicing and Mainte- 402.8 Shower Valves. Shower valves shall meet the nance. A non-sewered sanitation system shall be temperature control performance requirements of ASSE located to permit access and sufficient clearance for 1016/ASME A112.1016/CSA B125.16 when tested for the service and maintenance. Unless otherwise specified by rated flow rate of the installed showerhead. the manufacturer's installation instructions, not less than 402.8.1 Marking. Control valves for showers and tub- 30 inches (762 mm) in depth, width, and height of shower combinations shall be tagged, labeled, or marked working space shall be provided at any access panel. with the manufacturer’s minimum rated flow and such 404.2.3 Backflow Prevention. A domestic water marking shall be visible after installation. supply connection to a non-sewered sanitation system 402.9 Commercial Pre-Rinse Spray Valves. The flow shall be protected in accordance with the plumbing code. rate for a pre-rinse spray valve installed in a commercial

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404.2.4 Effluent Storage. Any container or vessel for 407.3 Combination Ovens. Combination ovens shall not the storage of effluent discharged from a non-sewered use water in the convection mode except when utilizing a sanitation system and not integral to such system shall moisture nozzle for food products in the oven. The total be installed in accordance with the plumbing code. amount of water used by the moisture nozzle in the convection 404.2.5 Systems Employing Combustion. A non- mode shall not exceed a half a gallon per hour per oven cavity. sewered sanitation system employing combustion shall When operating in the steamer mode, combination ovens shall comply with the mechanical code. not use more than 1.5 gallons (5.7 L) per hour per pan. Exception: A non-sewered sanitation system listed for 407.4 Grease Interceptors. Grease interceptor mainte- unvented use. nance procedures shall not include post-pumping/cleaning 404.3 Operation and Maintenance Manual. Non- refill using potable water. Refill shall be by connected appli- sewered sanitation systems shall have an operation and main- ance accumulated discharge only. tenance manual provided by the manufacturer. 407.4.1 Temperature. Grease Interceptors shall be 404.4 System Output. The use or disposal of all designed and installed to maintain a mean temperature substances exiting the non-sewered sanitation system shall be not exceeding 95°F (35°C). FOG (fats, oils, and greases) determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. disposal systems in compliance with ASME A112.14.6 using biological cultures shall not exceed 104°F (40°C). Passive or active cooling and heat recovery to be 405.0 Pressure Regulator. employed where applicable. 405.1 Installation. Pressure regulators shall be installed in accordance with the plumbing code. 407.5 Dipper Well Faucets. Where dipper wells have a permanent water supply, the faucet shall have metered or sensor activated flow. The volume of water dispensed into a 406.0 Water Softeners and Treatment Devices. dipper well in each activation cycle of a self-closing fixture 406.1 Water Softeners. Water softeners shall be listed to fitting shall not exceed the water capacity of the dipper well, NSF 44. Water softeners shall have a rated salt efficiency and the maximum flow shall not exceed 0.2 gpm (0.8 L/m) at exceeding 3400 grains (gr) (0.2200 kg) of total hardness a supply pressure of 60 psi (414 kPa). exchange per pound (lb) (0.5 kg) of salt, based on sodium 407.6 Food Waste Devices. Where installed food waste chloride (NaCl) equivalency, and shall not generate more than devices shall be in accordance with Section 407.6.1 through 4 gallons (15.1 L) of water per 1000 grains (0.0647 kg) of Section 407.6.5. hardness removed during the service cycle. 407.6.1 Pulpers and Mechanical Strainers. The 406.2 Water Softener Limitations. In residential build- water use for the pulpers or mechanical strainers shall ings, where the supplied potable water hardness is equal to not exceed 2 gpm (7.64 L/m). A flow restrictor shall be or less than 8 grains per gallon (gr/gal) (137 mg/L) measured installed on the water supply to limit the water flow. as total calcium carbonate equivalents, water softening equip- ment that discharges water into the wastewater system during 407.6.2 Food Waste Disposers. The water use for the service cycle shall not be allowed, except as required for the food waste grinder shall not exceed the 8 gpm under medical purposes. full load condition and 1 gpm (3.8 L/m) under no-load 406.3 Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment condition. Flow restrictors shall be installed on the water Systems. Reverse osmosis water treatment systems shall be supply to limit the water flow rate to a maximum of equipped with automatic shutoff valves to prevent discharge 8 gpm (30 L/m). A load sensing device shall be installed when there is no call for producing treated water. Reverse to monitor current demand and regulate water flow. osmosis water treatment systems shall comply with NSF58. 407.6.3 Time Out and Shut Off. Pulpers, mechanical 406.4 Drinking Water Treatment Systems. Drinking strainers, and food waste disposers shall have a time out water treatment systems shall be listed to WQA/ASPE S-803. system with push button to reactivate. The maximum allowable run time cycle shall be 10 minutes. 407.0 Commercial Food Service. 407.6.4 Sink Drain Outlets. Where a strainer or basket is installed they shall be readily removable. 407.1 Ice Makers. Ice makers shall be air cooled and shall be in accordance with Energy Star for energy use for 407.6.5 Strainer Baskets. Strainer (scrapper) baskets commercial ice machines. Ice makers producing cubed-type shall either fit over a sink compartment or be attached to ice shall not exceed 20 gallons (76 L) of water per 100 pounds a drain system. The strainer baskets shall be readily (45 kg) of ice produced. Ice makers producing nugget and removable for emptying. flake ice shall not exceed 14 gallons (53 kg) of water per 100 407.7 Tempering Water. The discharge waste from pound (45 kg) of ice produced. commercial dishwashers, ware washers, combination ovens, 407.2 Food Steamers. Boilerless type steamers shall not and food steamers that exceeds 140°F (60°C) shall not be consume more than 2.0 gallons (7.6 L) per compartment. tempered with potable water. Boiler type steamers shall not consume more than 1.5 gallons (5.7 L) per pan per hour.

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408.0 Medical and Laboratory Facilities. Exception: Where any of the following conditions of the 408.1 X-Ray Film Processing Units. Processors for X- basin water are present: total suspended solids exceed 25 ray film exceeding 6 inches (152 mm) in any dimension shall ppm, CaCO3 exceeds 600 ppm, chlorides exceed 250 ppm, be equipped with water recycling units. sulfates exceed 250 ppm, or silica exceeds 150 ppm. 408.2 Exhaust Hood Liquid Scrubber Systems. 412.4 Evaporative Cooler Water Use. Evaporative Liquid scrubber systems for exhaust hoods and ducts shall be cooling systems (also known as swamp coolers) shall use less of the recirculation type. Liquid scrubber systems for than 3.5 gallons (13.2 L) of water per ton-hour of cooling perchloric acid exhaust hoods and ducts shall be equipped when system controls are set to maximum water use. Water with a timer-controlled water recirculation system. The use, expressed in maximum water use per ton-hour of collection sump for perchloric acid exhaust systems shall be cooling, shall be marked on the device and included in designed to automatically drain after the wash down process product user manuals, product information literature, and has completed. installation instructions. Water use information shall be readily available at the time of code compliance inspection. 409.0 Leak Detection and Control. 412.4.1 Overflow Alarm. Cooling systems shall be equipped with an overflow alarm to alert building 409.1 General. Where installed, leak detection and control owners, tenants, or maintenance personnel when the devices shall comply with IAPMO IGC115 or IAPMO IGC water refill valve continues to allow water to flow into 349. Leak detection with control devices shall not be installed the reservoir when the reservoir is already full. The alarm where they isolate fire sprinkler systems. shall have a minimum sound pressure level rating of 85 dBa measured at a distance of ten feet. 410.0 Fountains and Other Water Features. 412.4.2 Automatic Pump Shut-Off. Cooling systems 410.1 Use of Alternate Water Source for Special shall automatically cease pumping water to the evapora- Water Features. Special water features such as ponds and tion pads when airflow across evaporation pads ceases. water fountains shall be provided with reclaimed (recycled) 412.4.3 Cooler Reservoir Discharge. A water water, rainwater, or on-site treated nonpotable water where quality management system (either timer or water quality the source and capacity is available on the premises and sensor) is required. Where timers are used, the time approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. interval between discharge of reservoir water shall be set to 6 hours or greater of cooler operation. Where water 411.0 Meters. quality sensors are used, the discharge of reservoir water shall be set for greater 800 ppm or greater of Total 411.1 Required. A water meter shall be required for each Dissolved Solids (TDS). Continuous discharge or contin- building site connected to a public water system, including uous bleed systems are prohibited. municipally supplied reclaimed (recycled) water. In other than single-family houses, a dedicated meter shall be installed 412.4.4 Discharge Water Reuse. Discharge water in accordance to Table 411.1. shall be reused where appropriate applications exist on site. Where a nonpotable water source system exists on 411.2 Approval. Dedicated meters other than water utility site, evaporative cooler discharge water shall be collected meters used for billing purposes shall be approved by the and discharged to such collection system. Authority Having Jurisdiction for the intended use. Exception: Where the reservoir water adversely affects 411.3 Remote Data Transfer Requirements. Where the quality of the nonpotable water supply making the more than 10 non-utility-owned water meters are located at a nonpotable water unusable for its intended purposes. building site, the meters shall include remote data transfer capability to collect and analyze the data at a single location. 412.4.5 Discharge Water to Drain. Where discharge water is not recovered for reuse, the sump overflow line shall not be directly connected to a drain. Where the 412.0 HVAC Water Efficiency. discharge water is put into a sanitary drain, a minimum 412.1 Once-Through Cooling. Once-through cooling 6 inch (152 mm) air gap is required between the termi- using potable water is prohibited. nation of the discharge line and the drain opening. The 412.2 Cooling Towers and Evaporative Coolers. discharge line shall terminate in a location that is readily Cooling towers and evaporative coolers shall be equipped visible to the building owner, tenants, or maintenance with makeup water and blow down meters, conductivity personnel. controllers and overflow alarms. Cooling towers shall be 412.5 Use of Reclaimed (Recycled) and On-Site equipped with efficiency drift eliminators that achieve drift Treated Nonpotable Water for Cooling. Reclaimed reduction to 0.002 percent of the circulated water volume for (recycled) or on-site treated nonpotable water used for indus- counterflow towers and 0.005 percent for cross-flow towers. trial and commercial cooling or air-conditioning shall be 412.3 Cooling Tower Makeup Water. Water used for air- approved for use by the water/wastewater utility and the conditioning cooling towers shall not be discharged where Authority Having Jurisdiction. the hardness of the basin water is less than 1500 mg/L.

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TABLE 411.1 DEDICATED WATER METERING REQUIREMENTS

APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Cooling Towers The makeup water supply to cooling towers, evaporative condensers, and fluid coolers. Cooling towers sharing a common basin can be grouped together using one meter. Evaporative Coolers The makeup water supply to an evaporative cooler having an air flow exceeding 30 000 cubic feet per minute (ft3/min) (50 970.3 m3/hr). Fluid Coolers and Chillers – Open Systems The makeup water supply on water-cooled fluid coolers and chillers not utilizing closed- loop recirculation. Hydronic Cooling Systems – Closed Loop Systems with 50 ton (175 843W) or greater of cooling capacity and where a make-up water supply is connected. Hydronic Heating Systems The makeup water supply to one or more boilers collectively exceeding 1 000 000 British thermal units per hour (Btu/h) (293 071 W). Industrial Processes The water supply to an industrial water-using process where the average consumption exceeds 1000 gallons per day (gal/d) (3 785 L/d). Like equipment sharing one common water supply can be grouped together using one meter. Exception: Processes using untreated water where the water is directly returned to the orig- inal source after use. Landscape Irrigation Landscape irrigation water where either of the following conditions exist: 1. Total accumulated landscape area with in-ground irrigation system exceeds 2500 sq. ft. (232 m2), or 2. Total accumulated landscape area using an automatic irrigation controller exceeds 1500 sq. ft. (139 m2) Exception: Where the water purveyor provides a separate water supply meter that serves only the irrigation system, an additional dedicated meter is not required. Onsite Water Collection Systems Potable or reclaimed water supplies for supplementing onsite alternative water collection systems. Ornamental Water Features Potable or reclaimed water supplies for ornamental water features where the water feature uses an automatic refill valve. Pools and Spas A makeup water supply to a swimming pool or spa. Exception: Where the pool or spa has less than 100 square feet (9 m2) of water surface and is refilled from a hose bibb without an automatic refill valve. Roof Spray Systems Roof spray systems for irrigating vegetated roofs or thermal conditioning covering an area greater than 300 square feet (28 m2). Exception: Temporary above-surface spray systems connected to a hose bibb and without an automatic controller are not required to have a dedicated meter Tenant Buildings - Common Areas Water supplies used in common areas of a site. The dedicated meter for common area water use shall not include water supplied inside tenant space. Water supplies for sanitary fixtures and other water use in common areas can be grouped together for metering requirements, except where dedicated water meter installations are otherwise required. Tenant Spaces - Residential All water supplies to each residential tenant space for indoor water use. Exception: Where a water purveyor has individual meters for each tenant space, and the other meter requirements included in Table 411.1 do not apply, no additional dedicated meter is required. Tenant Spaces - Non-residential, car washes All water supplies to individual non-residential tenant spaces for indoor water use where any of the following conditions exist: 1. The nominal size of a water supply pipe(s) to the individual tenant space is greater than 1/2”, or 2. Water consumption within in the tenant space is estimated or expected to average greater than 1000 gallons/day (3 785L/d). Where water is supplied to tenant space that is not required to have dedicated meter, the water supply pipe (s) shall be accessible to install a meter. Exception: Where a water purveyor has individual meters for each tenant space and the other meter requirements included in Table 411.1 do not apply, no additional dedicated meter is required.

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412.5.1 Drift Eliminator. A drift eliminator shall be irrigation system shall not be installed in more than 40 percent utilized in a cooling system, utilizing alternate sources of the landscaped area. of water, where the aerosolized water may come in Exceptions: contact with employees or members of the public. a. Where average annual rainfall is less than 12 inches and 412.5.2 Disinfection. A biocide shall be used to treat in landscape areas where the plant materials have an the cooling system recirculation water where the recy- annual ETc of not exceeding 15 inches, an in-ground irri- cled water may come in contact with employees or gation system shall be allowed; members of the public. b. Where neither potable or reclaimed (recycled) water is used in the irrigation system, an in-ground irrigation 413.0 Condensate Recovery. system shall be allowed in 100 percent of the landscaped 413.1 General. Where condensate is used for on-site treated area and vegetative roofs. nonpotable water, it shall be collected, stored, and treated in c. Drip irrigation and microspray systems are not consid- accordance with Section 604.0. ered inground systems. 413.2 Condensate Drainage Recovery. Condensate 415.2.1 Vegetative Roofs and Walls. Irrigation from air-conditioning, boiler and steam systems used to systems using potable water for vegetative roofs and supply water for nonpotable water systems shall be in accor- walls are prohibited. dance with Section 604.0. 415.3 Maximum Velocity. Velocity of water flow shall not exceed 5 feet per second (1.5 m/s) for thermoplastic irriga- 414.0 Water-Powered Sump Pumps. tion pipes. Velocity of water flow shall not exceed 7.5 feet per second (2.3 m/s) for irrigation pipes. 414.1 General. Sump pumps powered by potable or 415.4 Backflow Protection. Potable water and reclaimed reclaimed (recycled) water pressure shall only be used as an water supplies to landscape irrigation systems shall be emergency backup pump. The water-powered pump shall be protected from backflow in accordance with the plumbing equipped with a battery powered alarm having a minimum code and Authority Having Jurisdiction. rating of 85 dBa at 10 feet (3 m). Water-powered pumps shall have a water efficiency factor of pumping at least 1.4 gallons 415.5 Use of Alternate Water Sources for Landscape (5.3 L) of water to a height of 10 feet (3048 mm) for every Irrigation. Where available by pre-existing treatment, gallon of water used to operate the pump, measured at a water storage or distribution network, and where approved by the pressure of 60 psi (414 kPa). Pumps shall be clearly labeled Authority Having Jurisdiction, alternative water source(s) as to the gallons of water pumped per gallon of potable water complying with Chapter 6 shall be utilized for landscape irri- consumed. gation. Where adequate capacity and volumes of pre-existing alternative water sources are available, the irrigation system Water-powered stormwater sump pumps shall be shall be designed to use minimum of 75 percent of alternative equipped with a reduced pressure principle backflow preven- water for the annual irrigation demand before supplemental tion assembly. potable water is used. Exception: Plants grown for food production for direct 415.0 Landscape Irrigation Systems. human consumption. 415.1 General. Where landscape irrigation systems are 415.5.1 Master Valve. Where continuously pressur- installed, they shall comply with Sections 415.2 through ized alternate water sources supply an existing irrigation 415.16. system, a master valve shall be installed at the point 415.1.1 Irrigation Design and Installation. The where the alternate water sources supply piping connects Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to to the existing irrigation system downstream of the back- require landscape irrigation contractors, installers, or flow preventer where required. designers to demonstrate competency. The system shall 415.5.2 Identification. Where alternate water sources be designed and record drawings showing changes supply an existing irrigation system, the existing sprin- during installation shall be made available for the owner kler heads, valve boxes, the continuously pressurized line and for any required inspections. Where required by the supplying the irrigation master valve, or any other Authority Having Jurisdiction, the contractor, installer, components required by the Authority Having Jurisdic- or designer shall be licensed, certified, or both to perform tion, shall be colored purple. The piping supplying the such work. irrigation master valve shall be identified in accordance 415.2 Plant and Irrigation System Limitations. with Chapter 6. Nuisance, invasive and noxious plants as defined by the 415.5.2.1 Additional Zones. Newly installed Authority Having Jurisdiction shall not be used in the land- zones shall have purple pipe. scape. Plants not requiring supplement irrigation shall be used 415.6 Irrigation Control Systems. Where installed as in no less than 60 percent of the landscape that is not princi- part of a landscape irrigation system, irrigation control pally used as an athletic field or public recreation. In-ground systems shall:

18 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD WATER EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION

(1) Automatically adjust the irrigation schedule to respond 415.10 System Performance Requirements. The land- to plant water needs determined by weather or soil mois- scape irrigation system shall be designed and installed to: ture conditions. (1) Prevent irrigation water from runoff out of the irrigation (2) Utilize on-site sensors or remote weather data to inhibit zone. or suspend irrigation when adequate soil moisture is (2) Prevent water in the supply-line drainage from draining present or during rainfall or freezing conditions. out between irrigation events. (3) Utilize either one or more on-site sensors or a weather- (3) Not allow irrigation water to be applied onto or enter non- based irrigation controller listed to the US EPA targeted areas including: adjacent property and vegetation WaterSense Weather Based Irrigation Controllers Spec- areas, adjacent hydrozones not requiring the irrigation ification to suspend irrigation when adequate soil mois- water to meet its irrigation demand, non-vegetative areas, ture is present for plant growth. impermeable surfaces, roadways, and structures. (4) Have the capability to program multiple and different run Exception: Landscape features outside of the public right of times for each irrigation zone to enable cycling of water way such as paved walkways, jogging paths, and golf cart applications and durations to mitigate water flowing off paths, are exempted from this requirement where run off of the intended irrigation zone. drains into the same hydrozone without puddling. (5) Be capable of indicating to the user when it is not 415.11 Narrow or Irregularly Shaped Landscape receiving a signal or local sensor input. Areas. Narrow or irregularly shaped landscape areas, less (6) Be capable of allowing for a manual operation trou- than 4 feet (1m) in any direction across any opposing bound- bleshooting test cycle and shall automatically return to aries shall not be irrigated by any irrigation emission device sensor input mode within some period of time as desig- except sub-surface or low flow emitters with flow rates not to nated by the manufacturer, even when the switch is still exceed 6.3 gallons (24 L) per hour. positioned for manual operation. 415.12 Irrigation System Inspection and Perform- (7) The site specific settings of the irrigation control system ance Check. The irrigation system shall be inspected to shall be posted at the control system location. The posted verify compliance with the irrigation design in accordance data, where applicable to the settings of the controller, with the following: shall include: (1) Inspection and performance check shall be by an inde- (1) Precipitation rate for each zone. pendent third party having credentials in accordance with the US EPA WaterSense program or the Authority (2) Plant evapotranspiration coefficients for each zone. Having Jurisdiction. (3) Soil type and basic intake rate. (2) Sprinklers shall be installed as specified with proper (4) Rain sensor settings. spacing and required nozzle. (5) Soil moisture setting. (3) Sprinklers shall be activated and visually inspected for covering areas without causing overspray or runoff. (6) Peak demand schedule including run times for each (4) Valves shall be installed as specified. zone and the number of cycles to mitigate runoff and monthly adjustments or percentage change from (5) Drip irrigation systems shall be inspected to verify the peak demand schedule. proper valve, pressure regulation, filtering device, loca- tion of flush valves, and that the installed emitters 415.7 Irrigation Flow Sensing System. On commercial comply with the irrigation plan. landscape irrigation systems, an irrigation flow sensing system shall be installed that shall interface with the control (6) Control system shall be installed as specified and listed system to suspend irrigation for abnormal flow conditions. If as a US EPA WaterSense labeled controller, and all equipped with totalizer capabilities, the irrigation flow sensing sensors shall be verified for proper installation and oper- system shall also function as a meter for irrigation water. ation. 415.8 Low Flow Irrigation. Irrigation zones using low (7) The peak demand irrigation schedule shall be posted near flow irrigation emitters, with emitter flow rates not to exceed the controller, or the scheduling parameters for the 6.3 gallons (24 L) per hour, shall comply with ASABE/ICC controller shall be listed for each station including cycle 802 Landscape Irrigation Sprinkler and Emitter Standard and and soak times. be equipped with filters sized according to manufacturer’s (8) Record drawings of the irrigation system shall be recommendation for the specific low flow emitter, and with completed and provided for the irrigation inspection. a pressure regulator installed upstream of the irrigation emis- (9) An inspection report shall be provided to the property sion devices as necessary to reduce the operating water pres- owner or management company identifying problems sure meeting manufacturers’ equipment requirements. and what corrective actions are required. 415.9 Mulched Planting Areas. Only low flow emitters 415.13 Sprinkler Head Installations. All installed sprin- with flow rates not to exceed 6.3 gallons (24 L) per hour are kler heads shall comply with ASABE/ICC 802. allowed to be installed in mulched planting areas with vege- 415.13.1 Sprinkler Heads in Common Irrigation tation taller than 12 inches (305 mm). Zones. Sprinkler heads installed in irrigation zones

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 19 WATER EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION

served by a common valve shall be limited to applying primers shall be electronic or pressure activated and shall use water to plants with similar irrigation needs, and shall no more than 30 gallons (114 L) per year per drain. Where an have matched precipitation rates (identical inches of water alternate water source, as defined by this code, is used for application per hour plus or minus 7 percent as labeled or fixture flushing or other uses in the same room, the alternate declared in manufacturer’s published performance data). water source shall be used for the trap primer water supply. 415.13.2 Sprinkler Head Pressure Regulation. Exception: Flushometer tailpiece trap primers complying Sprinkler heads shall utilize pressure regulating devices with IAPMO PS 76 are exempted from the provisions of this (as part of irrigation system or integral to the sprinkler section. head) to maintain manufacturer’s recommended oper- 416.2 Drainage Type Trap Seal Primer Devices. ating pressure for each sprinkler and nozzle type. Drainage type trap seal primer devices shall not be limited in 415.13.3 Pop-up Type Sprinkler Heads. Where the amount of water they discharge. pop-up type sprinkler heads are installed, the sprinkler heads shall pop-up to a height above vegetation level and 417.0 Vehicle Wash Facilities. of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the soil level when emitting water. 417.1 Automatic. The maximum make-up water use for auto- mobile washing shall not exceed 40 gallons (151 L) per vehicle 415.13.4 Sprinkler Head Maximum Precipitation for in-bay automatic car washes and 35 gallons (132 L) for Rate. Where the slope of the landscape exceeds 25 conveyor and express type car washes. percent, the precipitation rate of sprinkler heads shall not exceed 1.75 inches per hour when tested to 417.2 Self-Service. Spray wands and foamy brushes shall ASABE/ICC 802. use no more than 3.0 gpm (11.36 L/m). 415.14 Outside Hose Bibbs. Outside hose bibbs shall be 417.3 Reverse Osmosis. Spot-free reverse osmosis allowed on irrigation pipe downstream of the backflow discharge (reject) water shall be recycled. preventer. Hose bibbs supplying water from the irrigation 417.4 Towel Ringers. Towel ringers shall have a positive system shall be indicated by posted signs marked with the shut-off valve. Spray nozzles shall be replaced annually. words: “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE WATER. DO NOT Exemption: Bus and large commercial vehicles washes are DRINK.” and the symbol in Figure 603.9. exempt from the requirements in this section. 415.15 Depth of Irrigation Pipe. Irrigation pipe down- stream from the backflow preventer shall be buried at a 418.0 Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs. minimum depth according to Section 415.15.1 and Section 418.1 Practices. The following sections outline common 415.15.2. practices for reducing energy consumption in regards to pool, 415.15.1 Landscape Areas. Irrigated landscaped spa, and hot tub equipment. 2 areas not exceeding 10,000 square feet (929 m ) shall 418.2 On and Off Switch. Pool, spa, and hot tub heaters have irrigation main lines buried a minimum of 12 inches shall be equipped with a readily accessible on and off switch (305 mm) and irrigation lateral lines buried a minimum to allow shutting off the heater without adjusting the thermo- of 8 inches (203 mm). Irrigated landscaped areas greater stat setting. Pool heaters fired by natural gas shall not have 2 than 10,000 square feet (929 m ) shall have irrigation continuously burning pilot lights. [ASHRAE 90.1:7.4.5.1] main lines buried a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) and 418.3 Covers. Pools and inground permanently installed irrigation lateral lines buried a minimum of 12 inches spas and portable spas shall be provided with a non-liquid (305 mm). vapor retardant cover. 415.15.2 Vehicular Surfaces. Irrigation pipe installed Exception: Where more than 70 percent of the energy for under vehicular paving and pervious pavers, including heating, computed over an operating season, is from site-recov- landscaped fire lanes, shall be sleeved with a minimum ered energy such as from a heat pump or solar energy source. of one 1-inch pipe (25 mm) size greater than the irriga- 418.3.1 Portable Spas. Portable spa covers shall meet tion pipe and buried at a minimum depth of 24 inches the requirements of APSP-14. (610 mm) in all cases. 418.4 Time Switches. Time switches shall be installed on 415.16 Backfill. All excavation for irrigation pipe installa- swimming pool, spa, and hot tub heaters and pumps. tion shall be backfilled in thin layers to 12 inches (305 mm) Exceptions: with clean earth, which shall not contain stones, boulders, (1) Where public health standards require 24-hour pump cinderfill, frozen earth, construction debris, or other materials operation. that would damage or break the piping. Fill shall be properly (2) Where pumps are required to operate solar and waste heat compacted. Suitable precautions shall be taken to ensure recovery pool heating systems. [ASHRAE 90.1:7.4.5.3] permanent stability for pipe laid in filled or made ground. 418.5 Pool Pumps and Replacement Pool Pump Motors. Pool pumps and replacement pool pump motors

shall meet requirements of APSP-15. 416.0 Trap Seal Protection. 416.1 Water Supplied Trap Primers. Water supplied trap

20 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 5 COMPOSTING TOILET AND URINE DIVERSION SYSTEMS

501.0 General. responsible for retaining test result records in accordance 501.1 Applicability. The provisions of this section shall with Section 505.6.2 and making them available to the apply to the design, construction, performance, alteration, and Authority Having Jurisdiction upon request. repair of composting toilet and urine diversion systems. 504.1.2 Operation. Composting toilet and urine diver- sion systems shall be operated in a safe and sanitary 502.0 Design and Construction. condition in accordance with the owner’s manual in 502.1 Requirements. Composting toilets, composting toilet accordance with Section 504.2. systems, and urine diversion systems shall meet the design, 504.1.3 Inspection. In the event of a nuisance construction, and performance requirements of Section 502.1.1 complaint or documented system failure, the composting or Section 502.1.2. toilet and urine diversion system shall be made available 502.1.1 Listed Composting Toilets and for inspection and the owner or owner’s agent shall Composting Toilet Systems. Composting toilets and conduct sufficient repairs or alterations to the composting composting toilet systems shall be listed to NSF 41. toilet system. At the request of the Authority Having 502.1.2 Alternative Design Systems. Where Jurisdiction, results of all laboratory testing and new tests approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, in accordance with Section 505.6 following repairs to composting toilet and urine diversion systems for resi- alleviate dangerous or unsanitary conditions shall be dential and commercial applications shall comply with provided at the owner’s expense. the provisions of Section 502.2 through Section 506.1. 504.2 Operation and Maintenance Manual. An owner’s 502.2 System Materials and Components. Pipe, pipe manual shall present clear instructions for maintenance and be fittings, traps, fixtures, material, and devices used in transferred to the new owner upon transfer of property or composting toilet and urine diversion systems that are tenancy. The owner’s manual shall include: expected to contact leachate or diverted urine shall be listed or (1) Schedule for addition of necessary compost additives. labeled (third-party certified) by a listing agency (accredited (2) Source or provider of necessary compost additives. conformity assessment body), unless otherwise approved by Source may be on-site. the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Materials and components (3) Schedule and instructions for all regular maintenance shall comply to approved applicable recognized standards tasks. referenced in this standard and the plumbing code, and shall be (4) Expected input of and capacity for excreta and compost free from defects. Unless otherwise provided for in this stan- additives to compost toilet system specifying loading of dard, materials, fixtures, or devices used or entering into the commode(s) and compost processor(s). construction of plumbing systems, or parts thereof, shall be (5) Plan for container transfer and cleaning where transfer submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction for approval. is used. 502.3 System Design. Composting toilet and urine diver- (6) Expected schedule for removing humus from composting sion systems complying with Section 501.0 shall be designed processors and where used secondary composting bins. by a person registered or licensed to perform plumbing design (7) Plan for on-site disposal of humus or professional work or who demonstrates competency to design composting removal. toilet and urine diversion systems. (8) Plan for managing leachate. (9) Plan for microbial testing in accordance with Section 503.0 Permits. 505.6.2. 503.1 General. It shall be unlawful for any person to construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, 505.0 Composting Toilet System Design. or altered any composting toilet and urine diversion system in 505.1 Requirements. The design and installation of a building or on a premise without first obtaining a permit to composting toilet systems shall be in accordance with Section do such work from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 505.2 through Section 505.7. 505.2 Corrosion Resistance. All components expected to 504.0 Maintenance and Inspection. contact excreta or leachate shall be constructed of corrosion- 504.1 General. Composting toilet and urine diversion resistant material such as stainless steel or durable polymers. systems and components shall be maintained and inspected in Concrete in contact with excreta or leachate shall meet require- accordance with Section 504.1.1 through Section 504.1.3. ments of Section 505.3. 504.1.1 Maintenance Responsibility. The required 505.3 Concrete Construction. Concrete construction maintenance and inspection of composting toilet and shall be reinforced, watertight and able to withstand loading urine diversion systems shall be the responsibility of the weight. Where drainage is required, the processor floor shall property owner, unless otherwise required by the be sloped not less than ¼-inch per foot (2.0 percent slope). Authority Having Jurisdiction. The property owner is The flange of each sub-drain shall be set level.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 21 COMPOSTING TOILET AND URINE DIVERSION SYSTEMS

505.4 Commodes. storage tank shall be provided with an audible and 505.4.1 Odor. Commode design or use shall mitigate visual high-water alarm. the infiltration of odors into the building during normal 505.5.1.5 Below Grade. Leachate storage tanks operation and in the event of temporary power failure. installed below grade shall be structurally designed 505.4.2 Contact. Commodes shall transport excreta to withstand all anticipated earth or other loads. Tank into the compost processor or contain excreta for transfer covers shall be capable of supporting an earth load of as designed according to the owner’s manual. not less than 300 pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) 505.4.3 Vectors. Commodes shall limit vectors and (1465 kg/m2) when the tank is designed for under- prevent human contact except for regular maintenance as ground installation. Below grade leachate tanks designed according to the owner’s manual. installed underground shall be provided with 505.5 Compost Processors. Compost processors shall be manholes. The manhole opening shall be a minimum designed in accordance with Sections 505.5.1 through 505.5.9 diameter of 20 inches (508 mm) and located a and shall maintain unsaturated aerobic composting conditions minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) above the within the compost mass, through the drainage, absorption, surrounding grade. The surrounding grade shall be or desiccation of leachate, and aeration of the processor. sloped away from the manhole. Underground tanks 505.5.1 Leachate. Leachate shall be collected for shall be ballasted, anchored, or otherwise secured, to removal or recirculation within the processor, evaporated, prevent the tank from floating out of the ground or drained to an approved plumbing drainage system or when empty. The combined weight of the tank and other location approved by the Authority Having Juris- hold down system should meet or exceed the buoy- diction. Leachate storage tanks shall be constructed and ancy force of the tank. The below grade leachate installed in accordance with the following: storage tank level shall be provided with an audible 505.5.1.1 Venting. Leachate storage tanks shall be and visual high-water alarm. vented as required for pressure equalization. When 505.5.1.6 Marking. Where openings are provided required, vents shall be installed on leachate storage to allow a person to enter the tank, the opening shall tanks and shall extend from the top of the tank. The be marked with the following words: “DANGER- connection of storage tank vents to the plumbing CONFINED SPACE.” venting system shall be six inches above the flood 505.5.1.7 Openings. All openings shall be level rim of the highest fixture. Vents extending to covered and secured to prevent tampering. Openings the outdoor shall terminate no less than 12-inches shall be screened or covered to prevent rodent, above grade. The vent terminal shall be directed vermin, and insect infiltration and be protected downward and covered with a 3/32 inch mesh screen against unauthorized human entry. to prevent the entry of vermin and insects. 505.5.2 Vectors. The compost processor shall be 505.5.1.1.1 Vent Size. Pressure equalization designed and installed to limit vector access through vents that prevent nitrogen loss by the use of management as required in the owner’s manual. restrictions, or of piping or tubing that is less 505.5.3 Transfer. Where unfinished excreta or diverted than the minimum pipe diameter required in the urine is transferred between processors or from plumbing code shall be approved by the commode to processor, transfer and cleaning of Authority Having Jurisdiction. containers and provisions for limiting user exposure shall 505.5.1.2 Overflow. Where storage tank overflows be according to the owner’s manual. are installed they shall be connected to the plumbing 505.5.4 Watertightness. Processors shall be drainage system. constructed of watertight material in accordance with 505.5.1.2.1 Backwater Valve. Storage tank Section 505.2. overflows, when subject to backflow, shall be 505.5.5 Vermin (Rodent) Proofing. The compost provided with a backwater valve at the point of processor shall be protected to prevent the entrance of connection to the plumbing drainage system. rodents, vermin, and insects. No unsecured opening other The backwater valve shall be accessible for than vents, drainage, or commode may exceed ½-inch inspections and maintenance. (12 mm) in the least dimension. 505.5.1.3 Construction. Leachate storage tanks 505.5.6 Active Conditions. The compost processor shall be constructed of polyethylene terephthalate or processors shall be sized to compost excreta for a (PET), polyethylene napthalate (PEN), polyamide minimum of one year of biologically active conditions. (Nylon) or a blend of PET, PEN, ethyl vinyl alcohol Biologically active conditions are at or above a daily (EVOH), Nylon, HDPE, or other tanks listed or average of 42°F (6°C). certified to US 49 CFR Section 178.274 Specifica- Exception: Systems with shorter retention shall be tions for UN Portable Tanks. permitted where either, 505.5.1.4 Above Grade. Above grade storage (a) humus from the compost processor has been tested tanks are prohibited where subject to freezing condi- according to Section 505.6.2 and there is either a tions, or shall be provided with an adequate means secondary composting stage where humus is of freeze protection. The above grade leachate retained in a well maintained compost bin or other

22 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD COMPOSTING TOILET AND URINE DIVERSION SYSTEMS

facility designated for the exclusive purpose of improve the function of composting toilet systems and containing humus removed from the compost prevent nutrient pollution of ground and surface waters. processor, or 506.3 Material Requirements. Material used for urine (b) humus is removed off site for processing or disposal diversion shall be impermeable and resistant to corrosion at an approved facility. from urine. 505.5.7 Secondary Composting. Humus to be trans- 506.4 Identification. All urine diversion piping shall be ferred to secondary composting shall first be tested identified. according to Section 505.6.2. Secondary composting shall 506.5 Change of Direction. Changes in direction of urine be labeled and protected from human contact. Contact diversion piping shall be made by a long-sweep 90 degree with precipitation and surface waters is prohibited. fitting or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep. 505.5.8 Ventilation. Negative ventilation between the 506.6 Sizing. Pipe sizes shall be in accordance with the commode and compost processor shall be provided when plumbing code. Each urine diversion fixture shall be rated as the compost processor is connected directly to the one drainage fixture unit. Piping or tubing for urine diversion commode without a trap. Commodes that are not that is less than the minimum pipe diameter required in the connected to the compost processor do not require a vent. plumbing code shall be approved by the Authority Having 505.5.8.1 Vent Terminals. Vent stacks shall Jurisdiction. terminate exterior the building as required by the 506.7 Traps. Fixtures discharging into urine diversion piping plumbing or mechanical code. connected to the plumbing drainage system shall be trapped 505.5.9 Sizing. The compost processor shall be sized to and vented according to the plumbing code. accommodate the maximum daily adult usage as speci- 506.8 Grade of Horizontal Piping. Urine diversion fied by the manufactures published ratings. Site built piping shall be installed at a minimum grade of ½-inch per compost processors shall be sized to hold a minimum of foot, or 4 percent toward the point of disposal. 10 gallons of material per person per year while allowing 506.9 Cleanouts. A cleanout shall be provided at the upper for the removal of the humus, or as specified by the terminal of each drain line, every 50 feet (15 m) and at an aggre- system designer. gate horizontal change of direction exceeding 135 degrees. Composting toilet systems shall be tested in 505.6 Testing. 506.10 Venting. Commode fixtures without traps that accordance with Section 505.6.1 and Section 505.6.2. require ventilation shall be connected to either a 505.6.1 Compost Processors. Compost processors ventilation stack or a urine diversion ventilation stack. shall be tested for water tightness by filling the system to Nonwater urinals used as urine diversion systems shall be the maximum designed liquid storage capacity of the unit connected to a dry toilet ventilation stack or a urine diversion for a duration of 24 hours. ventilation stack. 505.6.2 Humus. The owner or owner’s agent of the A urine-diversion system shall be composting toilet system shall verify user’s compliance 506.11 Discharge. with the manufacturer’s maintenance and operation diverted to a storage tank or discharge to an approved manual in accordance with Section 504.2 by submitting plumbing drainage system. a sample of the humus from the first treatment period 506.12 Urine Storage Tanks. Urine storage tanks shall be after a minimum of one year of biologically active condi- constructed and installed in accordance with Section 506.12.1 tions to a certified laboratory before removal of humus through Section 506.12.8. from the composting processor. Where multiple compost 506.12.1 Venting. Urine storage tanks shall be vented processors are used, the humus sample shall be removed as required for pressure equalization. When required, from the last compost processor. The sample collection vents shall be installed on urine storage tanks and shall shall be tested in accordance with EPA/625/R-92/013, extend from the top of the tank. The connection of Appendix F, Section 1.2. Humus shall not have a mois- storage tank vents to the plumbing venting system shall ture content exceeding 75 percent by weight, and shall be six inches above the flood level rim of the highest not exceed 200 fecal coliforms/gram. fixture. Vents extending to the outdoor shall terminate 505.7 Humus Removal. Humus shall be removed no less than 12-inches above grade. The vent terminal according to the owner’s manual. Humus from the compost shall be directed downward and covered with a 3/32 inch processor used around ornamental shrubs, flowers, trees, or mesh screen to prevent the entry of vermin and insects. fruit trees shall be mixed with soil or mulch and covered with 506.12.1.1 Vent Size. Pressure equalization vents no less than 3 inches (76 mm) of cover material. Depositing that prevent nitrogen loss by the use of restrictions, humus from any composting toilet system around any edible or of piping or tubing that is less than the minimum vegetable or vegetation shall be prohibited. pipe diameter required in the plumbing code shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 506.0 Urine Diversion System Design. 506.12.2 Traps. Urine storage tanks shall prevent 506.1 Requirements. The design and installation of urine odors and nitrogen loss from the tank inlet by means of diversion systems shall be in accordance with Section 506.2 a P-trap, mechanical trap, submerged inlet piping, or through Section 506.14. other means approved by the Authority Having Juris- 506.2 Purpose. The purpose of this section is to enable the diction. Submerged inlet piping shall remain submerged installation of urine diversion and collection systems to during use and after pumpout.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 23 COMPOSTING TOILET AND URINE DIVERSION SYSTEMS

Exception: Tanks of five gallons or less connected to (1) Retention without addition for six months before usage. fixtures with active ventilation or having an integrated Two or more holding tanks shall be required for reten- seal. tion, 506.12.3 Overflow. Where storage tank overflows are (2) Application to the compost processor, installed they shall be connected to a plumbing drainage (3) Pasteurization to 158°F (70°C) for thirty minutes, or system. (4) Other method approved by the Authority Having Juris- 506.12.3.1 Backwater Valve. Storage tank over- diction. flows subject to backflow shall be provided with a backwater valve at the point of connection to the plumbing drainage system when connected to a public sewer system or on-site wastewater system. The backwater valve shall be accessible for inspec- tions and maintenance. 506.12.4 Construction. Urine storage tanks shall be constructed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly- ethylene napthalate (PEN), polyamide (Nylon) or a blend of PET, PEN, ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH), Nylon, HDPE, or other tanks listed or certified to US 49 CFR Section 178.274 Specifications for UN Portable Tanks. 506.12.5 Above Grade. Above grade storage tanks shall be prohibited where subject to freezing conditions, or shall be provided with an adequate means of freeze protection. The above grade urine storage tank shall be provided with an audible and visual high-water alarm. 506.12.6 Below Grade. Urine storage tanks installed below grade shall be structurally designed to withstand all anticipated earth or other loads. Tank covers shall be capable of supporting an earth load of not less than 300 pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) (1465 kg/m2) when the tank is designed for underground installation. Below grade urine tanks installed underground shall be provided with manholes. The manhole opening shall be a minimum diameter of 20 inches (508 mm) and located a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) above the surrounding grade. The surrounding grade shall be sloped away from the manhole. Underground tanks shall be ballasted, anchored, or otherwise secured, to prevent the tank from floating out of the ground when empty. The combined weight of the tank and hold down system should meet or exceed the buoyancy force of the tank. The below grade urine storage tank level shall be provided with an audible and visual high-water alarm. 506.12.7 Marking. Where openings are provided to allow a person to enter the tank, the opening shall be marked with the following words: “DANGER- CONFINED SPACE.” 506.12.8 Openings. All openings shall be covered and secured to prevent tampering. Openings shall be screened or covered to prevent rodent infiltration and be protected against unauthorized human entry. 506.13 Maintenance Plan. Every urine diversion system shall have a maintenance plan that includes both a pumpout schedule and contract, or an onsite discharge plan. The main- tenance plan shall also include a pipe cleaning schedule. 506.14 Treatment, Reuse, and Disposal. Where urine is to be reused onsite, a treatment method for sanitization shall be included in the owner’s manual. Approved methods of treatment shall include:

24 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 6 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

601.0 General. (3) The installation, change, alteration, or repair of the 601.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to system does not include a potable water connection the construction, alteration, and repair of alternate water or a pump and does not affect other building, source systems for nonpotable applications. plumbing, electrical, or mechanical components including structural features, egress, fire-life safety, 601.1.1 Allowable Use of Alternate Water. Where sanitation, potable water supply piping, or accessi- approved or required by the Authority Having Jurisdic- bility. The pump in a clothes washer shall not be tion, alternate water sources (reclaimed (recycled) water, considered part of the gray water system. gray water and onsite treated nonpotable water) used in lieu of potable water shall be in accordance with the (4) The gray water shall be contained on the site where provisions of this chapter. it is generated. 601.2 System Design. Alternate water source systems (5) Gray water shall be directed to and contained within shall be designed in accordance with this chapter by a an irrigation or disposal field. licensed plumbing contractor, Registered Design Profes- (6) Ponding or runoff is prohibited and shall be consid- sional, or a person who demonstrates competency to design ered a nuisance. the alternate water source system as required by the Authority (7) Gray water shall be permitted to be released above Having Jurisdiction. Components, piping, and fittings used the ground surface provided at least 2 inches (51 in any alternate water source system shall be listed. mm) of mulch, rock, or soil, or a solid shield covers Exceptions: the release point. Other methods which provide (1) A person registered or licensed to perform plumbing equivalent separation are also acceptable. design work is not required to design gray water systems (8) Gray water systems shall be designed to minimize having a maximum discharge capacity of 250 gallons per contact with humans and domestic pets. day (gal/d) (15.77 L/s) for single family and multi-family (9) Water used to wash diapers or similarly soiled or dwellings. infectious garments shall not be used and shall be (2) A person registered or licensed to perform plumbing diverted to the building sewer. design work is not required to design an on-site treated (10) Gray water shall not contain hazardous chemicals nonpotable water system for single family dwellings derived from activities such as cleaning car parts, having a maximum discharge capacity of 250 gal/d washing greasy or oily rags, or disposing of waste (15.77 L/s). solutions from home photo labs or similar hobbyist 601.3 Permit. It shall be unlawful for any person to or home occupational activities. construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, (11) Exemption from construction permit requirements or altered any alternate water source system in a building or of this code shall not be deemed to grant authoriza- on a premise without first obtaining a permit to do such work tion for any gray water system to be installed in a from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. manner that violates other provisions of this code or Exception: For single family dwellings a construction permit any other laws or ordinances of the Authority shall not be required for a clothes washer only system Having Jurisdiction. meeting the requirements of Section 601.3.1. A written noti- (12) An operation and maintenance manual shall be fication shall be provided to the Authority Having Jurisdic- provided to the owner. Directions shall indicate that tion in accordance with Section 601.3.1. the manual is to remain with the building throughout 601.3.1 Clothes Washer System. A clothes washer the life of the system and upon change of ownership system in compliance with all of the following is exempt or occupancy. from the construction permit specified in Section 601.3 and shall be permitted to be installed or altered without (13) Gray water discharge from a clothes washer system a construction permit: through a standpipe shall be properly trapped in accordance with the plumbing code. (1) Where required, notification has been provided to the enforcing agency regarding the proposed loca- 601.4 Component Identification. System components tion and installation of a gray water irrigation or shall be properly identified as to the manufacturer. disposal system. 601.5 Maintenance and Inspection. Alternate water (2) The design shall allow the user to direct the flow to source systems and components shall be inspected and main- the irrigation or disposal field or the building sewer. tained in accordance with Section 601.5.1 through Section The direction control of the gray water shall be 601.5.3, the manufacturer’s recommendations, or as required clearly labeled and readily accessible to the user. by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 25 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

601.5.1 Frequency. Alternate water source systems the system designer. The operating and maintenance manual and components shall be inspected and maintained in shall include the following: accordance with Table 601.5.1 unless more frequent (1) Diagram of the entire system and the location of system inspection and maintenance is required by the manufac- components. turer. (2) Instructions on operating and maintaining the system. TABLE 601.5.1 MINIMUM ALTERNATE WATER SOURCE TESTING, (3) Details on maintaining the required water quality for on- INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE FREQUENCY site nonpotable water systems. (4) Details on deactivating the system for maintenance, DESCRIPTION MINIMUM FREQUENCY repair, or other purposes. Inspect and clean filters and Every 3 months (5) Applicable testing, inspection, and maintenance frequen- screens, and replace (if necessary) cies as required by Table 601.5.1. Inspect and verify that disinfection, In accordance with manu- (6) A method of contacting the manufacturer(s). filters and water quality treatment facturer’s instructions, and devices and systems are operational the Authority Having Juris- (7) Directions to the owner or occupant that the manual and maintaining minimum water diction shall remain with the building throughout the life of the quality requirements as determined structure. by the Authority Having Jurisdic- 601.7 Minimum Water Quality Requirements. The tion minimum water quality for alternate water source systems Inspect pumps and verify operation After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter shall meet the applicable water quality requirements for the intended application as determined by the Authority Having Inspect valves and verify operation After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter Jurisdiction. In the absence of water quality requirements for on-site treated nonpotable systems, the water quality require- Inspect pressure tanks and verify After initial installation and operation every 12 months thereafter ments of NSF 350 or the EPA/625/R-04/108 shall apply. Clear debris from and inspect After initial installation and Exception: Water treatment is not required for gray water storage tanks, locking devices, and every 12 months thereafter used for subsurface irrigation. verify operation 601.8 Material Compatibility. Alternate water source Inspect caution labels and marking After initial installation and systems shall be constructed of materials that are compatible every 12 months thereafter with the type of pipe and pipe fitting materials, water treat- Inspect and maintain mulch basins As needed to maintain ment, and water conditions in the system. for gray water irrigation systems mulch depth and prevent 601.9 System Controls. Controls for pumps, valves, and ponding and runoff other devices that contain mercury that come in contact with Cross-connection inspection and After initial installation and alternate water source water supply are prohibited. test* every 12 months thereafter 601.10 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional * The cross-connection test shall be performed in the presence of the Restroom Signs. A sign shall be installed in all restrooms Authority Having Jurisdiction in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter. in commercial, industrial, and institutional occupancies using reclaimed (recycled) water and on-site treated water for water closets, urinals, or both. Each sign shall contain letters of a 601.5.2 Maintenance Log. A maintenance log for highly visible color on a contrasting background, and letters gray water and on-site treated nonpotable water systems shall be at least 1/2 inch (12 mm) in height. The location of the is required to have a permit in accordance with Section sign(s) shall be such that the sign(s) shall be visible to all users. 601.3 and shall be maintained by the property owner and The location of the sign(s) shall be approved by the Authority be available for inspection. The property owner or desig- Having Jurisdiction and shall contain the following text: nated appointee shall ensure that a record of testing, TO CONSERVE WATER, THIS BUILDING USES inspection and maintenance as required by Table 601.5.1 *______* TO FLUSH TOILETS AND URINALS. is maintained in the log. The log will indicate the 601.10.1 Equipment Room Signs. Each room frequency of inspection and maintenance for each system. containing reclaimed (recycled) water and on-site treated 601.5.3 Maintenance Responsibility. The required water, equipment shall have a sign posted in a location maintenance and inspection of alternate water source that is visible to anyone working on or near nonpotable systems shall be the responsibility of the property water equipment with the following wording in 1 inch owner, unless otherwise required by the Authority (25.4 mm) letters: Having Jurisdiction. CAUTION: NONPOTABLE *______*, DO 601.6 Operation and Maintenance Manual. An opera- NOT DRINK. DO NOT CONNECT TO DRINKING tion and maintenance manual for gray water and on-site WATER SYSTEM. NOTICE: CONTACT BUILDING treated water systems required to have a permit in accordance MANAGEMENT BEFORE PERFORMING ANY with Section 601.3 shall be supplied to the building owner by WORK ON THIS WATER SYSTEM.

26 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

*______* Shall indicate RECLAIMED (3) The drain on the alternate water source system (RECYCLED) WATER or ON-SITE TREATED shall be checked for flow during the test and all WATER accordingly. fixtures, potable and alternate water source, 601.11 Inspection and Testing. Alternate water source shall be tested and inspected for flow. Flow systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with from any alternate water source system outlet Section 601.11.1 and Section 601.11.2. indicates a cross-connection. No flow from a potable water outlet shall indicate that it is Exception: Non-pressurized graywater or on-site nonpotable connected to the alternate water source system. water systems without any connection to a potable water system. (4) The potable water system shall then be depres- surized and drained. 601.11.1 Supply System Inspection and Test. Alternate water source systems shall be inspected and (5) The alternate water source system shall then be tested in accordance with the plumbing code for testing activated and pressurized. of potable water piping. (6) The alternate water source system shall remain 601.11.2 Annual Cross-Connection Inspection pressurized for a minimum period of time spec- and Testing. An initial and subsequent annual inspec- ified by the Authority Having Jurisdiction while tion and test shall be performed on both the potable and the potable water system is empty. The alternate water source systems. The potable and alternate minimum period the potable water system is to water source system shall be isolated from each other and remain depressurized shall be determined on a independently inspected and tested to ensure there is no case-by-case basis, but in no case shall that cross-connection in accordance with Section 601.11.2.1 period be less than 1 hour. through Section 601.11.2.4. (7) All fixtures, potable and alternate water source, 601.11.2.1 Visual System Inspection. Prior to shall be tested and inspected for flow. Flow commencing the cross-connection testing, a dual from any potable water system outlet indicates system inspection shall be conducted by the a cross-connection. No flow from an alternate Authority Having Jurisdiction as follows: water source outlet will indicate that it is connected to the potable water system. (1) Meter locations of the alternate water source and potable water lines shall be checked to (8) The drain on the potable water system shall be verify that no modifications were made, and checked for flow during the test and at the end that no cross-connections are visible. of the test. (2) Pumps and equipment, equipment room signs, (9) If there is no flow detected in any of the fixtures and exposed piping in equipment room shall be which would indicate a cross-connection, the checked. potable water system shall be repressurized. (3) Valves shall be checked to ensure that valve 601.11.2.3 Discovery of Cross-Connection. lock seals are still in place and intact. Valve In the event that a cross-connection is discovered, control door signs shall be checked to verify the following procedure, in the presence of the that no signs have been removed. Authority Having Jurisdiction, shall be activated immediately: 601.11.2.2 Cross-Connection Test. The proce- dure for determining cross-connection shall be (1) The alternate water source piping to the followed by the applicant in the presence of the building shall be shut down at the meter, and Authority Having Jurisdiction to determine whether the alternate water source riser shall be drained. a cross-connection has occurred as follows: (2) Potable water piping to the building shall be (1) The potable water system shall be activated and shut down at the meter. pressurized. The alternate water source system (3) The cross-connection shall be uncovered and shall be shut down, depressurized, and drained. disconnected. (2) The potable water system shall remain pressur- (4) The building shall be retested following proce- ized for a minimum period of time specified by dures listed in Section 601.11.2.1 and Section the Authority Having Jurisdiction while the 601.11.2.2. alternate water source system is empty. The (5) The potable water system shall be chlorinated minimum period the alternate water source with 50 parts-per-million (ppm) chlorine for 24 system is to remain depressurized shall be hours. determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into (6) The potable water system shall be flushed after account the size and complexity of the potable 24 hours, and a standard bacteriological test and the alternate water source distribution shall be performed. If test results are acceptable, systems, but in no case shall that period be less the potable water system shall be recharged. than 1 hour.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 27 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

601.11.2.4 Annual Inspection. An annual subsoil irrigation system, or to a mulch basin, or disposal inspection of the alternate water source system, field. Gray water shall not be used to irrigate root crops or following the procedures listed in Section 601.11.2.1 food crops intended for human consumption that come in shall be required. Annual cross-connection testing, contact with soil. following the procedures listed in Section 601.11.2.2 602.4 Surge Capacity. Gray water systems shall be shall be required by the Authority Having Jurisdic- designed to have the capacity to accommodate flow rates tion, unless site conditions do not require it. In no entering the system and distribute the total amount of esti- event shall the test occur less than once in 4 years. mated gray water entering the system on a daily basis to a Alternate testing requirements shall be approved by subsurface irrigation field, subsoil irrigation field, or mulch the Authority Having Jurisdiction. basin without surfacing, ponding, or runoff. A surge tank is 601.12 Separation Requirements. All underground required for systems that are unable to accommodate peak alternate water source service piping other than gray water flow rates and distribute the total amount of gray water by shall be separated from the building sewer in accordance with gravity drainage. The water discharge for gray water systems the plumbing code. Treated nonpotable water pipes run or shall be determined in accordance with Section 602.12.1 or laid in the same trench as potable water pipes shall have a 12 Section 602.12.2. Systems that produce more gray water than inch (305 mm) minimum vertical and horizontal separation needed by the landscape shall discharge excess water into the when both pipe materials are approved for use within a sewer or private sewage disposal system. building. Where horizontal piping materials do not meet this 602.5 Diversion. The gray water system shall connect to the requirement the minimum separation shall be increased to 60 sanitary drainage system downstream of fixture traps and vent inches (1524 mm). The potable water piping shall be installed connections through a diverter valve(s) approved by the at an elevation above the treated nonpotable water piping. Authority Having Jurisdiction. The diverter shall be installed in 601.13 Abandonment. All alternate water source systems an accessible location and clearly indicate the direction of flow. that are no longer in use or fails to be maintained in accor- Exception: A clothes washer system in compliance with dance with Section 601.5 shall be abandoned. Abandonment Section 601.3.1 shall comply with Section 305.0. 602.6 Backwater Valves. Gray water drains subject to 601.14 Sizing. Unless otherwise provided for in this stan- backflow shall be provided with a backwater valve so located dard, alternate water source piping shall be sized in accor- as to be accessible for inspection and maintenance. dance with the plumbing code for sizing potable water piping. 602.7 Connections to Potable and Reclaimed (Recy- cled) Water Systems. Gray water systems shall have no 602.0 Gray Water Systems. direct connection to any potable water supply, on-site treated nonpotable water supply, or reclaimed (recycled) water 602.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to systems. Potable, on-site treated nonpotable, or reclaimed the construction, alteration, and repair of gray water systems. (recycled) water is permitted to be used as makeup water for 602.2 Gray Water Collection Piping. New single-family a non-pressurized storage tank provided the connection is dwellings shall have the a separate waste piping system for all protected by an airgap in accordance with the plumbing code. gray water fixtures per the Plumbing Code. The separate 602.8 Location. No gray water system or part thereof shall piping system shall be piped to outside the building and termi- be located on any lot other than the lot that is the site of the nate into an approved Gray Water Diverter Valve per Section building or structure that discharges the gray water, nor shall 602.5 before connecting to the waste system from non-gray any gray water system or part thereof be located at any point water fixtures. having less than the minimum distances indicated in Table Exception: Where ground conditions do not provide perco- 602.8. lation or where prohibited by the Plumbing Code. 602.9 Plot Plan Submission. No permit for any gray 602.2.1 Diverter. The diverter valve shall be connected water system shall be issued until a plot plan with appropriate and installed in the open position to the building sewer. data satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction has The gray water diversion port shall remain capped off been submitted and approved. for future use until a gray water irrigation/reuse system 602.10 Prohibited Location. Gray water systems are is installed. prohibited where there is insufficient lot area or inappropriate 602.2.2 Access. The diverter and sewer connection soil conditions for adequate absorption to prevent the shall be readily accessible for connection, inspection, ponding, surfacing or runoff of the gray water, or on any maintenance, and servicing. property in a geologically sensitive area as determined by the 602.2.3 Regulatory. Gray water reuse and irrigation Authority Having Jurisdiction. system components shall meet local, and state code and 602.11 Drawings and Specifications. The Authority regulatory requirements. Having Jurisdiction shall require any or all of the following 602.3 Discharge. Gray water diverted away from a sewer information to be included with or in the plot plan before a or private sewage disposal system of single family and multi- permit is issued for a gray water system, or at any time during family dwellings, shall discharge to a subsurface irrigation or the construction thereof:

28 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

TABLE 602.8 (3) Details for all holding tanks shall include all dimensions, LOCATION OF GRAY WATER SYSTEM structural calculations, bracings, and such other pertinent data as required. SUBSUR- FACE SURGE (4) A log of soil formations and groundwater level as deter- MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN AND SUBSOIL TANK mined by test holes dug in proximity to any proposed CLEAR REQUIRED FROM: IRRIGATION (feet) FIELD AND irrigation area, together with a statement of water absorp- MULCH BED tion characteristics of the soil at the proposed site as determined by approved percolation tests. Building structures1 52, 9 23, 8 Property line adjoining private prop- Exception: The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall 5 58 erty permit the use of Table 602.14.1 in lieu of percolation tests. Water supply wells4 50 100 (5) Distance between the plot and any surface waters such Streams and lakes4 50 505 as lakes, ponds, rivers or streams, and the slope between Sewage pits or cesspools 5 5 the plot and the surface water, if in close proximity. Sewage disposal field 5 46 602.12 Procedure for Estimating Gray Water Septic tank 0 5 Discharge. Gray water systems shall be designed to On-site domestic water service line 5 5 distribute the total amount of estimated gray water on a daily basis. The water discharge for gray water systems shall be Pressurized public water main 10 107 determined in accordance with Section 602.12.1 or Section For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm 602.12.2. Note: Where irrigation or disposal fields are installed in sloping ground, the minimum horizontal distance between any part of the distribution 602.12.1 Single Family Dwellings and Multi- system and the ground surface shall be 15 feet (4572 mm). Family Dwellings. The gray water discharge for single family and multi-family dwellings shall be calculated by 1 Including porches and steps, whether covered or uncovered, breezeways, water use records, calculations of local daily per person roofed carports, roofed patios, carports, covered walks, covered drive- interior water use, or the following procedure: ways, and similar structures or appurtenances. 2 The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 feet for aboveground (1) The number of occupants of each dwelling unit shall tanks when first approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. be calculated as follows: 3 Reference to a 45 degree (0.79 rad) angle from foundation. First Bedroom 2 occupants 4 Where special hazards are involved, the distance required shall be Each additional bedroom 1 occupant increased as directed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 5 These minimum clear horizontal distances shall also apply between the (2) The estimated gray water flows of each occupant irrigation or disposal field and the ocean mean higher high tide line. shall be calculated as follows: 6 Add 2 feet (610 mm) for each additional foot of depth in excess of 1 foot Showers and bathtubs 13 gallons (50 L) per day/ (305 mm) below the bottom of the drain line. occupant 7 For parallel construction or for crossings, approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be required. Lavatories 4 gallons (15 L) per day/ 8 1 occupant The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 1 ⁄2 feet (457 mm) for drip and mulch basin irrigation systems. Laundry 10 gallons (38 L) per day/ 9 The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 feet for surge tanks of occupant 75 gallons (284 L) or less. (3) The total number of occupants shall be multiplied by the applicable estimated gray water discharge as provided above and the type of fixtures connected (1) Plot plan drawn to scale and completely dimensioned, to the gray water system. showing lot lines and structures, direction and approxi- mate slope of surface, location of all present or proposed 602.12.2 Commercial, Industrial, and Institu- retaining walls, drainage channels, water supply lines, tional Occupancies. The gray water discharge for wells, paved areas and structures on the plot, number of commercial, industrial, and institutional occupancies bedrooms and plumbing fixtures in each structure, loca- shall be calculated by utilizing the procedure in Section tion of private sewage disposal system and expansion 602.12.1, water use records, or other documentation to area or building sewer connecting to the public sewer, estimate gray water discharge. and location of the proposed gray water system. 602.13 Gray Water System Components. Gray water (2) Details of construction necessary to ensure compliance system components shall be in accordance with Section with the requirements of this chapter, together with a full 602.13.1 through Section 602.13.7. description of the complete installation, including instal- 602.13.1 Surge Tanks. Where installed, surge tanks lation methods, construction, and materials as required shall comply with the following: by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. (1) Surge tanks shall be constructed of solid, durable

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 29 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

materials not subject to excessive corrosion or decay perforated high-density polyethylene pipe, perforated and shall be watertight. Surge tanks constructed of ABS pipe, perforated PVC pipe, or other approved mate- steel shall be approved by the Authority Having rials, provided that sufficient openings are available for Jurisdiction, provided such tanks comply with distribution of the gray water into the trench area. Mate- approved applicable standards. rial, construction, and perforation of the pipe shall be in (2) Each surge tank shall be vented as required by the compliance with the appropriate absorption field plumbing code. The vent size shall be determined drainage piping standards and shall be approved by the based on the total gray water fixture units as outlined Authority Having Jurisdiction. in the plumbing code. 602.13.4 Subsurface Irrigation Field and Mulch (3) Each surge tank shall have an access opening with Basin Supply Line Materials. Materials for gray lockable gasketed covers or approved equivalent to water piping outside the building for non-pressure allow for inspection and cleaning. gravity systems shall be ABS, polyethylene, PVC or other approved DWV pipe. Pressure systems shall be (4) Each surge tank shall have its rated capacity perma- pressure rated polyethylene or PVC or other approved nently marked on the unit. In addition, a sign stating pressure rated pipe. Drip feeder lines shall be PVC or GRAY WATER, DANGER — UNSAFE WATER polyethylene tubing. shall be permanently marked on the holding tank. 602.13.5 Valves. Valves shall be accessible. (5) Each surge tank shall have an overflow drain. The overflow drains shall have permanent connections 602.13.6 Trap. Gray water piping discharging into the to the building drain or building sewer, upstream of surge tank or having a direct connection to the sanitary septic tanks, if any. The overflow drain shall not be drain or sewer piping shall be downstream of an equipped with a shutoff valve. approved water seal type trap(s). If no such trap(s) exists, an approved vented running trap shall be installed (6) The overflow drainpipes shall not be less in size than upstream of the connection to protect the building from the inlet pipe. Unions or equally effective fittings any possible waste or sewer gases. shall be provided for all piping connected to the surge tank. 602.13.7 Backwater Valve. A backwater valve shall be installed on all gray water drain connections to the (7) Surge tank shall be structurally designed to with- sanitary drain or sewer. stand anticipated earth or other loads. Surge tank covers shall be capable of supporting an earth load 602.14 Subsurface Irrigation System Zones. Each of not less than 300 pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) zone in an irrigation or disposal field having one or more (1465 kg/m2) when the tank is designed for under- valved zones shall be of adequate size to receive the gray ground installation. water anticipated in that zone. (8) If a surge tank is installed underground, the system 602.14.1 Required Area of Subsurface Irrigation shall be designed so that the tank overflow will Fields, Subsoil Irrigation Fields and Mulch gravity drain to the existing sewer line or septic tank. Basins. The minimum effective irrigation area of The tank shall be protected against sewer line back- subsurface irrigation fields, subsoil irrigation fields, and flow by a backwater valve installed in accordance mulch basins shall be determined by Table 602.14.1 for with the plumbing code. the type of soil found in the excavation, based upon a calculation of estimated gray water discharge pursuant (9) Surge tanks shall be installed on dry, level, well- to Section 602.12. For a subsoil irrigation field, the area compacted soil if underground or on a level 3 inch shall be equal to the aggregate length of the perforated (76 mm) thick concrete slab if aboveground. pipe sections within the valved zone multiplied by the (10) Surge tanks shall be anchored to prevent against width of the proposed subsoil irrigation field. overturning when installed aboveground. Under- 602.14.2 Determination of Maximum Absorption ground tanks shall be ballasted, anchored, or other- Capacity. The irrigation field and mulch basin size shall wise secured, to prevent the tank from floating out of be based on the maximum absorption capacity of the soil the ground when empty. The combined weight of and determined using Table 602.14.1. For soils not listed the tank and hold down system shall meet or exceed in Table 602.14.1, the maximum absorption capacity for the buoyancy forces of the tank. the proposed site shall be determined by percolation tests 602.13.2 Gray Water Pipe and Fitting Materials. or other method acceptable to the Authority Having Aboveground and underground building drainage and Jurisdiction. A gray water system is prohibited where the vent pipe and fittings for gray water systems shall percolation test shows the absorption capacity of the soil comply with the requirements for aboveground and is unable to accommodate the maximum discharge of the underground sanitary building drainage and vent pipe proposed gray water irrigation system. and fittings in the plumbing code. 602.14.3 Groundwater Level. No excavation for an 602.13.3 Subsoil Irrigation Field Materials. irrigation field, disposal field, or mulch basin shall extend Subsoil irrigation field piping shall be constructed of within 3 feet (914 mm) vertical of the highest known

30 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

seasonal groundwater level, nor to a depth where gray TABLE 602.15.1.4 water contaminates the groundwater or surface water. The SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SIX TYPICAL SOILS applicant shall supply evidence of groundwater depth to MINIMUM NUMBER OF MAXIMUM the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. EMITTERS PER GALLON OF EMITTER TYPE ESTIMATED GRAY WATER DISCHARGE TABLE 602.14.1 OF SOIL DISCHARGE PER DAY* SOIL INFILTRATION RATES gallon/day gallon/day SOIL CLASS AND TEXTURES MAXIMUM ABSORPTION CAPACITY IN Sand 1.8 0.6 GALLONS PER SQUARE FOOT OF IRRIGATION/LEACHING AREA FOR A Sandy loam 1.4 0.7 24-HOUR PERIOD Loam 1.2 0.9 Group A: Sandy Loam Clay loam 0.9 1.1 Textures: sand, loamy sand, 11.9 Silty clay 0.6 1.6 sandy loam Clay 0.5 2.0 Group B: Loam For SI units: 1 gallon per day = 0.000043 L/s 4.5 Textures: loam, silt loam * The estimated gray water discharge per day shall be determined in accor- dance with Section 602.8. Group C: Sandy Clay Loam 3.0 provide user controls, such as valves, switches, Textures: Sandy clay loam timers, and other controllers, to rotate the distribu- Group D: Clay Loam tion of gray water between irrigation zones. Textures: clay loam, silty 0.9 602.15.1.6 Maximum Pressure. Where pressure clay loam, sandy clay, silty at the discharge side of the pump exceeds 20 clay, clay pounds-force per square inch (psi) (138 kPa), a pres- For SI units: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per day = 0.000043 L/s sure-reducing valve able to maintain downstream pressure no greater than the maximum operating 602.15 Subsurface and Subsoil Irrigation Field, and pressure of the installed tubing, emitters, or other Mulch Basin Design and Construction. Subsurface and components shall be installed downstream from the subsoil irrigation field, and mulch basin design and construc- pump and before any emission device. tion shall be in accordance with Section 602.15.1 through 602.15.2 Mulch Basin. A mulch basin shall be in Section 602.15.3. Where a gray water irrigation system accordance with Section 602.15.2.1 through Section design is predicated on soil tests, the subsurface or subsoil 602.15.2.3. irrigation field or mulch basin shall be installed at the same location and depth as the tested area. 602.15.2.1 Size. Mulch basins shall be of suffi- cient size to accommodate peak flow rates and 602.15.1 Subsurface Irrigation Field. A subsurface distribute the total amount of estimated gray water irrigation field shall be in accordance with Section on a daily basis without surfacing, ponding or 602.15.1.1 through Section 602.15.1.6. runoff. Mulch basins shall have a depth of not less 602.15.1.1 Minimum Depth. Supply piping, than 10 inches (254 mm) below finished grade. The including drip feeders, shall be not less than 2 inches mulch basin size shall be based on the maximum (51 mm) below finished grade and covered with absorption capacity of the soil and determined using mulch or soil. Table 602.14.1. 602.15.1.2 Filter. Not less than 140 mesh (115 602.15.2.2 Minimum Depth. Gray water supply micron) filter with a capacity of 25 gallons per piping, including drip feeders, shall be a minimum 2 minute (gpm) (1.58 L/s), or equivalent shall be inches (51 mm) below finished grade and covered installed. Where a filter backwash is installed, the with mulch. backwash and flush discharge shall discharge into 602.15.2.3 Maintenance. The mulch basin shall the building sewer or private sewage disposal be maintained periodically to retain the required depth system. Filter backwash and flush water shall not be and area, and to replenish the required mulch cover. used for any purpose. 602.15.3 Subsoil Irrigation Field. Subsoil irrigation 602.15.1.3 Emitter Size. Emitters shall be fields shall be in accordance with Section 602.15.3.1 installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s through Section 602.15.3.3. installation instructions. 602.15.3.1 Minimum Pipe Size. Subsoil irriga- 602.15.1.4 Number of Emitters. The minimum tion field distribution piping shall be not less than 3 number of emitters and the maximum discharge of inches (80 mm) diameter. each emitter in an irrigation field shall be in accor- dance with Table 602.15.1.4 602.15.3.2 Filter Material and Backfill. Filter material, clean stone, gravel, slag, or similar mate- 602.15.1.5 Controls. The system design shall rial acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction,

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 31 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

3 1 varying in size from ⁄4 of an inch (19.1 mm) to 2 ⁄2 602.18 Testing. Building drains and vents for gray water inches (64 mm) shall be placed in the trench to the systems shall be tested in accordance with the plumbing code. depth and grade in accordance with Table 602.15.3.2. Surge tanks shall be filled with water to the overflow line The perforated section of subsoil irrigation field prior to and during inspection. Seams and joints shall be left distribution piping shall be laid on the filter material exposed, and the tank shall remain watertight. A flow test in an approved manner. The perforated section shall shall be performed through the system to the point of gray then be covered with filter material to the minimum water discharge. Lines and components shall be watertight depth in accordance with Table 602.15.3.2. The filter up to the point of the irrigation perforated and drip lines. material shall then be covered with porous material 602.19 Maintenance. Gray water systems and components to prevent closure of voids with earth backfill. No shall be maintained in accordance with Table 601.5.1. earth backfill shall be placed over the filter material cover until after inspection and acceptance. 602.15.3.3 Subsoil Irrigation Field Construc- 603.0 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Systems. tion. Subsoil irrigation fields shall be constructed 603.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to in accordance with Table 602.15.3.2. Where neces- the installation, construction, alteration, and repair of sary on sloping ground to prevent excessive line reclaimed (recycled) water and stormwater systems intended slopes, irrigation lines shall be stepped. The lines to supply uses such as water closets, urinals, trap primers for between each horizontal leaching section shall be floor drains and floor sinks, aboveground and subsurface irri- made with approved watertight joints and installed gation, industrial or commercial cooling or air conditioning on natural or unfilled ground. and other uses approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 603.2 Permit. It shall be unlawful for any person to construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, TABLE 602.15.3.2 or altered any reclaimed (recycled) water system within a SUBSOIL IRRIGATION FIELD CONSTRUCTION building or on a premises without first obtaining a permit to DESCRIPTION MINIMUM MAXIMUM do such work from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Number of drain lines per valved zone 1 - 603.2.1 Plumbing Plan Submission. No permit for Length of each perforated line - 100 feet any reclaimed (recycled) water system shall be issued until complete plumbing plans, with appropriate data Bottom width of trench 12 inches 18 inches satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, have Spacing of lines, center to center 4 feet - been submitted and approved. Depth of earth cover of lines 10 inches - 603.3 System Changes. No changes or connections shall Depth of filter material cover of lines 2 inches - be made to either the reclaimed (recycled) water system or Depth of filter material beneath lines 3 inches - the potable water system within any site containing a reclaimed (recycled) water system without approval by the 3 inches per Grade of perforated lines level level Authority Having Jurisdiction. 100 feet 603.4 Connections to Potable or Reclaimed (Recy- For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 cled) Water Systems. Reclaimed (recycled) water systems mm/m shall have no connection to any potable water supply or alter- nate water source system. Potable water is permitted to be 602.16 Gray Water System Color and Marking Infor- used as makeup water for a reclaimed (recycled) water mation. Pressurized gray water distribution systems shall be storage tank provided the water supply inlet is protected by an identified as containing nonpotable water in accordance with airgap or reduced-pressure principle backflow preventer the plumbing code. complying with the plumbing code. 602.17 Special Provisions. 603.5 Initial Cross-Connection Test. A cross-connec- 602.17.1 Other Collection and Distribution tion test is required in accordance with Section 601.11.2. Systems. Other collection and distribution systems Before the building is occupied or the system is activated, the shall be approved by the local Authority Having Juris- installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test in the diction, as allowed by Section 102.0 of this standard and presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The test shall the plumbing code. be ruled successful by the Authority Having Jurisdiction before final approval is granted. 602.17.2 Higher Requirements. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to prevent the Authority 603.6 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water System Mate- Having Jurisdiction from requiring compliance with rials. Reclaimed (recycled) water supply and distribution higher requirements than those contained herein, where system materials shall comply with the requirements of the such higher requirements are essential to maintain a safe plumbing code for potable water supply and distribution and sanitary condition. systems, unless otherwise provided for in this section.

32 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

603.7 Reclaimed (Recycled) Water System Color and 603.13 Inspection and Testing. Reclaimed (recycled) Marking Information. Reclaimed (recycled) water systems water systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance shall have a colored background in accordance with the with Section 601.11. plumbing code. Reclaimed (recycled) water systems shall be marked or field-marked, in lettering in accordance with the 604.0 On-Site Treated Nonpotable Water Systems. plumbing code, with the words: “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE RECLAIMED (RECYCLED) WATER, DO NOT DRINK.” 604.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to the installation, construction, alteration, and repair of on-site 603.8 Valves. Valves, except fixture supply control valves, treated nonpotable water systems intended to supply uses shall be equipped with a locking feature. such as water closets, urinals, trap primers for floor drains 603.9 Hose Bibbs. Hose bibbs shall not be allowed on and floor sinks, above and below ground irrigation, and other reclaimed (recycled) water piping systems located in areas uses approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. accessible to the public. Access to reclaimed (recycled) water 604.2 Plumbing Plan Submission. No permit for any at points in the system accessible to the public shall be on-site treated nonpotable water system shall be issued until through a quick-disconnect device that differs from those complete plumbing plans, with appropriate data satisfactory installed on the potable water system. Hose bibbs supplying to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, have been submitted and reclaimed (recycled) water shall be indicated by posted signs approved. marked with the words: “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE RECLAIMED WATER, DO NOT DRINK,” and the symbol 604.3 System Changes. No changes or connections shall in Figure 603.9. be made to either the on-site treated nonpotable water system or the potable water system within any site containing an on- site treated nonpotable water system without approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 604.4 Connections to Potable or Reclaimed (Recy- cled) Water Systems. On-site treated nonpotable water systems shall have no connection to any potable water supply or reclaimed (recycled) water source system. Potable or reclaimed (recycled) water is permitted to be used as makeup water for a non-pressurized storage tank provided the makeup water supply is protected by an airgap in accordance with the plumbing code. 604.5 Initial Cross-Connection Test. A cross-connec- tion test is required in accordance with Section 601.11.2. FIGURE 603.9 Before the building is occupied or the system is activated, the installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The test shall 603.10 Required Appurtenances. The reclaimed (recy- be ruled successful by the Authority Having Jurisdiction cled) water system and the potable water system within the before final approval is granted. building shall be provided with the required appurtenances 604.6 On-Site Treated Nonpotable Water System (valves, air/vacuum relief valves, etc.) to allow for deactiva- Materials. On-site treated nonpotable water supply and distri- tion or drainage as required for cross-connection test in bution system materials shall comply with the requirements Section 601.11.2. of the plumbing code for potable water supply and distribution 603.11 Same Trench as Potable Water Pipes. systems, unless otherwise provided for in this section. Reclaimed (recycled) water pipes run or laid in the same 604.7 On-Site Treated Nonpotable Water Devices trench as potable water pipes shall have 12 inches (305 mm) and Systems. Devices or equipment used to treat on-site minimum vertical and horizontal separation when both pipe treated nonpotable water in order to maintain the minimum materials are approved for use within a building. When piping water quality requirements determined by the Authority materials do not meet this requirement the minimum hori- Having Jurisdiction shall be listed or labeled (third-party zontal separation shall be increased to 60 inches (1524 mm). certified) by a listing agency (accredited conformity assess- The potable water piping shall be installed at an elevation ment body) or approved for the intended application. Devices above the reclaimed (recycled) water piping. Reclaimed or equipment used to treat on-site treated nonpotable water (recycled) water pipes laid in the same trench or crossing for use in water closet and urinal flushing, surface irrigation building sewer or drainage piping shall be installed in accor- and similar applications shall be listed or labeled to IAPMO dance with the plumbing code for potable water piping. IGC207, NSF 350 or approved by the Authority Having Juris- 603.12 Signs. Rooms and water closet tanks in buildings diction. using reclaimed (recycled) water shall be in accordance with 604.8 On-Site Treated Nonpotable Water System Section 601.10. Color and Marking Information. On-site treated water

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 33 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS systems shall have a colored background in accordance with the plumbing code. On-site treated water systems shall be marked or field-marked, in lettering in accordance with the plumbing code, with the words: “CAUTION: ON-SITE TREATED NONPOTABLE WATER, DO NOT DRINK.” 604.9 Valves. Valves, except fixture supply control valves, shall be equipped with a locking feature. 604.10 Design and Installation. The design and installa- tion of on-site treated nonpotable systems shall be in accor- dance with Section 604.10.1 through Section 604.10.5. 604.10.1 Listing Terms and Installation Instruc- tions. On-site treated nonpotable water systems shall be installed in accordance with the terms of its listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. 604.10.2 Minimum Water Quality. On-site treated nonpotable water supplied to toilets or urinals or for other uses in which it is sprayed or exposed shall be disin- fected. Acceptable disinfection methods shall include chlorination, ultraviolet sterilization, ozone, or other methods as approved by the Authority Having Jurisdic- tion. The minimum water quality for on-site treated nonpotable water systems shall meet the applicable water quality requirements for the intended applications as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 604.10.3 Deactivation and Drainage. The on-site treated nonpotable water system and the potable water system within the building shall be provided with the required appurtenances (valves, air/vacuum relief valves, etc.) to allow for deactivation or drainage as required for cross-connection test in accordance with Section 601.11.2. 604.10.4 Near Underground Potable Water Pipe. On-site treated nonpotable water pipes run or laid in the same trench as potable water pipes shall have 12 inches (305 mm) minimum vertical and horizontal separation when both pipe materials are approved for use within a building. Where piping materials do not meet this requirement the minimum separation shall be increased to 60 inches (1524 mm). The potable water piping shall be installed at an elevation above the on-site treated nonpotable water piping. 604.10.5 Required Filters. A filter permitting the passage of particulates no larger than 100 microns (100 µm) shall be provided for on-site treated nonpotable water supplied to water closets, urinals, trap primers, and drip irrigation system. 604.11 Signs. Signs in buildings using on-site treated nonpotable water shall be in accordance with Section 601.10. 604.12 Inspection and Testing. On-site treated nonpotable water systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with Section 601.11.

34 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 7 ONSITE BLACKWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

701.0 General. Table 702.5 701.1 Applicability. The provisions of this chapter shall LOG REDUCTION TARGETS FOR 10-4 INFECTIONS PER apply to the water quality, monitoring, design, construction, PERSON PER YEAR BENCHMARKS FOR BLACKWATER alteration, repair, and operation requirements of onsite black- TREATMENT SYSTEMS ENTERIC PARASITIC ENTERIC water treatment systems for non-potable reuse. WATER USE SCENARIO VIRUSES PROTOZOA BACTERIA 701.2 Allowable Use of Blackwater. Where approved or required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, blackwater Ornamental plant irriga- 8.0 7.0 6.0 shall be permitted to be used in lieu of potable water for uses tion1/dust suppression such as, but not limited, to water closets, urinals, clothes washers, ornamental plant irrigation, and dust suppression. Indoor Use 8.5 7.0 6.0

1 Non-food 702.0 System Design. 702.1 Requirements. Onsite blackwater treatment systems shall meet the design, construction, and performance require- TABLE 702.6 EFFLUENT WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR WATER ments of Section 702.1.1 or 702.1.2. CLOSET AND URINAL FIXTURE USE 702.1.1 Listed Blackwater Treatment Systems. Onsite blackwater treatment systems shall be listed to MINIMUM MAXIMUM NSF 350, installed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and commissioned in accordance with Alkalinity mg/L 20 200 Section 703.0. TDS mg/L 0 500 702.1.2 Alternative Design Systems. Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, onsite Turbidity NTU 0 5 blackwater treatment systems for residential and commercial applications shall comply with the provi- pH 6.0 9.0 sions of Sections 702.2 through 705.0. Odor Non-Offensive 702.2 Permit. It shall be unlawful for any person to construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, Oily Film and Foam Visual Non-detectable or altered any blackwater treatment system in a building or on a premise without first obtaining a permit to do such work Free Chlorine Residual ppm NA 4 from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Combined Chlorine ppm NA 4 702.3 Component Identification. System components shall be properly identified as to the manufacturer. Chloramines mg/L NA 4 702.4 Material Compatibility. Blackwater treatment systems shall be constructed of materials that are compatible shall be validated through third-party component validation with the type of pipe and fitting materials, water treatment, or field verification using the challenge testing. The results of and water conditions in the system. the third-party component validation and/or challenge testing 702.5 Log Reduction Targets. Blackwater treatment shall be summarized in a validation report prepared by a systems shall be designed to meet the log reduction targets as Registered Design Professional. The validation report shall set forth in Table 702.5. To meet the log reduction targets in document the treatment technology's log reduction perform- Table 702.5, treatment processes used in blackwater systems ance, including information on the operating conditions and shall comply with Section 702.7 for validation or be operated surrogate parameters. according to conditions approved by the Authority Having 702.8 Health and Safety. Treated blackwater shall not Jurisdiction. create a nuisance or odor, nor threaten human health, or 702.6 Effluent Water Quality Parameters. Blackwater damage the quality of surface water or groundwater. treatment systems shall be designed to meet the effluent water 702.9 Monitoring Requirements. Monitoring of black- quality parameters for water closet and urinal fixture use water treatment systems shall be based on the risk level in listed in Table 702.6. accordance with Table 702.9(1). The parameters listed in 702.7 Validation. Where required by the Authority Having Table 702.9(2) shall be monitored by sensors placed in the Jurisdiction, treatment processes shall be tested to verify the effluent of the system and connected to a smart controller. pathogen reduction performance. The treatment processes The smart controller shall activate an alarm when the param-

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 35 ONSITE BLACKWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS eters in Table 702.9(2) are outside the specifications and shall 702.10.3 Overflow Connection. Blackwater treat- shut the system down when the alarm is not acknowledged ment overflow shall be connected directly to the after a period of 8 hours has elapsed. For Category 2, quar- plumbing drainage system. The overflow shall be terly grab samples shall be taken out of the effluent and provided with a backwater valve at the point of connec- analyzed by an accredited lab. The sensors' accuracy and tion to the plumbing drainage system. The backwater response shall be validated upon commissioning of the valve shall be accessible for inspection and maintenance. system by an independent third party. 702.10.4 Fail-safe Mechanisms. Blackwater treat- ment systems shall be equipped with an automatic shut- down of the treatment process when a malfunction occurs. TABLE 702.9(1) RISK LEVELS 702.10.5 Flow Meter Totalizer. Buildings with black- water treatment systems shall include a flow meter total- RISK LEVEL TREATED WATER USAGE1 izer on the treated blackwater distribution system and a flow meter totalizer on the potable make-up water 1 Ornamental plant irrigation and dust suppression connection to the blackwater treatment system. 2 Water closets, urinals, clothes washers 702.10.6 Cross-Connection Inspection and Testing. A cross-connection test is required in accor- 1 See Section 701.2 for other uses approved by the AHJ. dance with Section 601.11.2. Before the building is occu- pied or the system is activated, the installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The test shall be ruled TABLE 702.9(2) successful by the Authority Having Jurisdiction before MONITORING PARAMETERS final approval is granted.

PARAMETERS TO BE VALIDATION CATEGORY MONITORED PROCEDURE 703.0 Commissioning. Turbidity 703.1 General. Onsite blackwater treatment systems shall be commissioned in accordance with the requirements of 1 ORP Section 703.1 through Section 703.5. UV intensity (if used) IGC 324 -Sensor vali- 703.2 Requirements. Commissioning for blackwater treat- Turbidity dation procedure ment systems shall be included in the design and construc- ORP using 5.4.1.1 (a), (b), tion processes of the project. Commissioning shall be (c), and (d) as appli- UV intensity (if used) performed by a person who demonstrates competency in 2 cable pH commissioning blackwater treatment systems as required by Quarterly lab Sample for the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Total Coliform 703.3 Plan. The construction documents shall include the commissioning plan for the blackwater treatment system. The commissioning plan shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction prior to commissioning the blackwater 702.10 System Requirements. The design and installa- treatment system. The commissioning plan shall include the tion of onsite blackwater treatment systems shall meet the following: requirements of Section 702.10.1 through Section 702.10.6. (1) General project information. 702.10.1 Connections to Potable or Reclaimed (2) Equipment to be tested, including the test methodology. (Recycled) Water Systems. Blackwater treatment (3) Processes to be tested. systems shall have no direct connection to any potable (4) Criteria or process for testing. water supply or reclaimed (recycled) water source system. Potable water or reclaimed (recycled) water shall be (5) Criteria for acceptance. permitted to be used as makeup water for a blackwater (6) Commissioning team contact information. treatment system provided the potable or reclaimed (recy- (7) Commissioning process activities, schedules, and respon- cled) water supply connection is protected by an airgap. sibilities. 702.10.2 Bypass Connection. A bypass shall be (8) Plans for the completion of functional performance provided for the input connection to the blackwater treat- testing, post construction documentation and training, ment system. The bypass shall be a diverter valve and the commissioning report. normally open to the blackwater treatment system. The 703.4 Performance Testing. Performance tests shall normally closed port of the diverter valve shall be verify that the installation and operation of the equipment of connected directly to the plumbing drainage system the blackwater treatment system is in accordance with the according to the plumbing code.

36 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD ONSITE BLACKWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS approved plans and specifications. The performance test report shall include the equipment tested, the testing methods utilized, and proof of proper calibration of the equipment. 703.5 Commissioning Report. The commissioning report shall be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

704.0 Operation and Maintenance Manual. An opera- tion and maintenance manual shall be provided in accordance with Section 601.6 and shall also include the following: (1) Instructions on operating and maintaining the system, including treatment process operations, instrumentation and alarms, and chemicals storage and handling. (2) Site equipment inventory and maintenance notes. (3) Equipment/system warranty documentation and infor- mation. (4) As-Built design drawings. (5) Details on training requirements and qualifications of personnel responsible for operating the system. (6) Maintenance schedule.

705.0 Inspection. Field inspections shall take place during and after construction while the contractor is on-site to verify that the blackwater treatment system components have been properly supplied and installed according to the plans and specifications used for installation. Record drawings shall be maintained with changes to the approved plans by the contractor and available for periodic inspection as needed.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 37 38 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 8 ONSITE STORMWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

801.0 General. or field verification using challenge testing. The results of the 801.1 Applicability. The provisions of this chapter shall third-party component validation and/or challenge testing apply to the water quality, monitoring, design, construction, shall be summarized in a validation report prepared by a alteration, repair, and operation requirements of onsite Registered Design Professional. The validation report shall Stormwater treatment systems for non-potable use. document the treatment technology's log reduction perform- ance, including information on the operating conditions and 801.2 Allowable Use of Stormwater. Where approved or surrogate parameters. required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, Stormwater shall be permitted to be used in lieu of potable water for uses such as, but not limited to, water closets, urinals, clothes washers, ornamental plant irrigation, and dust suppression. Table 802.5

LOG REDUCTION TARGETS FOR 10-4 INFECTIONS PER 802.0 System Design. PERSON PER YEAR BENCHMARKS FOR STORMWATER 802.1 Requirements. Onsite Stormwater treatment TREATMENT SYSTEMS ENTERIC PARASITIC ENTERIC systems shall meet the design, construction, and performance WATER USE SCENARIO requirements of Section 802.1.1 or 802.1.2. VIRUSES PROTOZOA BACTERIA 802.1.1 Listed Stormwater Treatment Systems. Stormwater greater than 0.1% fecal contamination contribution2 Onsite stormwater treatment systems shall be listed to Ornamental plant irriga- 5.0 4.5 4.0 ARCSA/ASPE 78, installed according to the manufac- tion1/dust suppression turer's instructions, and commissioned in accordance Indoor Use 5.5 5.5 5.0 with Section 803.0. 802.1.2 Alternative Design Systems. Where Stormwater with less than or equal to 0.1% fecal contamination contri- bution2 approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, onsite stormwater treatment systems for residential and Ornamental plant irriga- 1 3.0 2.5 2.0 commercial applications shall comply with the provi- tion /dust suppression sions of Sections 802.2 through 805.0. Indoor Use 3.5 3.5 3.0

802.2 Permit. It shall be unlawful for any person to 1 Non-food construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, 2 Stormwater can contain some quantity of fecal contamination. The or altered any Stormwater treatment system in a building or extent of fecal contamination present will depend on site-specific condi- on a premise without first obtaining a permit to do such work tions. The appropriate LRT to apply for a Stormwater treatment system from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. depend on the site-specific extent of likely contamination of Stormwater 802.3 Component Identification. System components with fecal contamination. shall be properly identified as to the manufacturer. 802.4 Material Compatibility. Stormwater treatment systems shall be constructed of materials that are compatible with the type of pipe and fitting materials, water treatment, TABLE 802.6 and water conditions in the system. EFFLUENT WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR WATER 802.5 Log Reduction Targets. Stormwater treatment CLOSET AND URINAL FIXTURE USE systems shall be designed to meet the log reduction targets as MINIMUM MAXIMUM set forth in Table 802.5. To meet the log reduction in Table 802.5, treatment processes used in Stormwater systems shall Alkalinity mg/L 20 200 comply with 802.7 for validation or be operated according to TDS mg/L 0 500 conditions approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 802.6 Effluent Water Quality Parameters. Stormwater Turbidity NTU 0 5 treatment systems shall be designed to meet the effluent water pH 6.0 9.0 quality parameters for water closet and urinal fixture use Odor Non-Offensive listed in Table 802.6. Oily Film and Foam Visual Non-detectable 802.7 Validation. Where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, treatment processes shall be tested to verify the Free Chlorine Residual ppm NA 4 pathogen reduction performance. The treatment processes Combined Chlorine ppm NA 4 shall be validated through third-party component validation Chloramines mg/L NA 4

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 39 ONSITE STORMWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

802.8 Health and Safety. Treated Stormwater shall not 802.10.2 Bypass Connection. A bypass shall be create a nuisance or odor, nor threaten human health, or provided for the input connection to the Stormwater damage the quality of surface water or groundwater. treatment system. The bypass shall be a diverter valve 802.9 Monitoring Requirements. Monitoring of normally open to the Stormwater treatment system. The stormwater treatment systems shall be based on the risk level normally closed port of the diverter valve shall be in accordance with Table 802.9(1). The parameters listed in connected directly to the storm drainage system or Table 802.9(2) shall be monitored by sensors placed in the combined sewer system according to the plumbing code. effluent of the system and connected to a smart controller. 802.10.3 Overflow Connection. Stormwater treat- The smart controller shall activate an alarm when the param- ment overflow shall be connected directly to the storm eters in Table 802.9(2) are outside the specifications and shall drainage or combined sewer system according to the shut the system down when the alarm is not acknowledged plumbing code. The overflow shall be provided with a after a period of 8 hours has elapsed. For Category 2, quar- backwater valve at the point of connection to the storm terly grab samples shall be taken out of the effluent and drainage or combined sewer system. The backwater analyzed by an accredited lab. The sensors' accuracy and valve shall be accessible for inspection and maintenance. response shall be validated upon commissioning of the 802.10.4 Fail-safe Mechanisms. Stormwater treat- system by an independent third party. ment systems must be equipped with features that result in a controlled and non-hazardous automatic shutdown TABLE 802.9(1) of the treatment process in the event of a malfunction. RISK LEVELS 802.10.5 Flow Meter Totalizer. Buildings with

RISK LEVEL TREATED WATER USAGE1 Stormwater treatment systems shall include a flow meter totalizer on the treated Stormwater distribution system 1 Ornamental plant irrigation and dust suppression and a flow meter totalizer on the potable make-up water 2 Water closets, urinals, clothes washers pipeline to the Stormwater treatment system. 802.10.6 Cross-connection Inspection and 1 See Section 801.2 for other uses approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Testing. A cross-connection test is required in accor- dance with Section 601.11.2. Before the building is occu- pied or the system is activated, the installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test in the presence of the TABLE 802.9(2) Authority Having Jurisdiction. The test shall be ruled MONITORING PARAMETERS successful by the Authority Having Jurisdiction before PARAMETERS TO BE VALIDATION CATEGORY final approval is granted. MONITORED PROCEDURE

Turbidity 803.0 Commissioning. 1 ORP 803.1 General. Onsite Stormwater treatment systems shall UV intensity (if used) IGC 324 -Sensor be commissioned in accordance with the requirements of Turbidity validation procedure Section 803.1 through Section 803.5. ORP using 5.4.1.1 (a), (b), 803.2 Requirements. Commissioning for Stormwater (c), and (d)., as UV intensity (if used) treatment systems shall be included in the design and 2 applicable pH construction processes of the project. Commissioning shall be performed by a person who demonstrates competency in Quarterly lab Sample for commissioning Stormwater treatment systems as required by Total Coliform the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 803.3 Plan. The construction documents shall include the commissioning plan for the stormwater treatment system. The 802.10 System Requirements. The design and installa- commissioning plan shall be approved by the Authority tion of onsite Stormwater treatment systems shall meet the Having Jurisdiction prior to commissioning the Stormwater requirements of Section 802.10.1 through Section 802.10.6. treatment system. The commissioning plan shall include the 802.10.1 Connections to Potable or Reclaimed following: (Recycled) Water Systems. Stormwater treatment 1) General project information. systems shall have no direct connection to any potable water supply or reclaimed (recycled) water source 2) Equipment to be tested, including the test methodology. system. Potable water or reclaimed (recycled) water shall 3) Processes to be tested. be permitted to be used as makeup water for a 4) Criteria or process for testing. Stormwater treatment system provided the potable or 5) Criteria or process for acceptance. reclaimed (recycled) water supply connection is protected by an airgap. 6) Commissioning team contact information.

40 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD ONSITE STORMWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

7) Commissioning process activities, schedules, and respon- sibilities. 8) Plans for the completion of functional performance testing, post construction documentation and training, and the commissioning report. 803.4 Performance Testing. Performance tests shall verify that the installation and operation of the equipment of the Stormwater treatment system is in accordance with the approved plans and specifications. The performance test report shall include the equipment tested, the testing methods utilized, and proof of proper calibration of the equipment. 803.5 Report. The commissioning report shall be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

804.0 Operation and Maintenance Manual. 804.1 General. An operation and maintenance manual shall be provided in accordance with Section 601.6 and shall also include the following: 1) Instructions on operating and maintaining the system, including treatment process operations, instrumentation and alarms, and chemicals storage and handling. 2) Site equipment inventory and maintenance notes. 3) Equipment/system warranty documentation and infor- mation. 4) As-Built design drawings. 5) Details on training requirements and qualifications of personnel responsible for operating the system. 6) Maintenance schedule.

805.0 Inspection. Field inspections shall take place during and after construction while the contractor is on site to verify that the Stormwater treatment system components have been properly supplied and installed according to the plans and specifications used for installation. Record drawings shall be maintained with changes to the approved plans by the contractor and available for periodic inspection as needed.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 41 42 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 9 NONPOTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

901.0 General. dance with Table 901.5.1 unless more frequent inspec- 901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to tion and maintenance is required by the manufacturer. the construction, alteration, and repair of nonpotable rain- 901.5.2 Maintenance Log. A maintenance log for water catchment systems. rainwater catchment systems is required to have a permit 901.1.1 Allowable Use of Rainwater. Where in accordance with Section 901.3 and shall be main- approved or required by the Authority Having Jurisdic- tained by the property owner and be available for inspec- tion, rainwater used in lieu of potable water shall be in tion. The property owner or designated appointee shall accordance with the provisions of this chapter. ensure that a record of testing, inspection and mainte- nance as required by Table 901.5.1 is maintained in the 901.2 System Design. Rainwater catchment systems shall log. The log will indicate the frequency of inspection and be designed in accordance with this chapter by a licensed maintenance for each system. plumbing contractor, Registered Design Professional, or a person who demonstrates competency to design rainwater catchment systems as required by the Authority Having Juris- TABLE 901.5.1 MINIMUM ALTERNATE WATER SOURCE TESTING, diction. Components, piping, and fittings used in any rain- INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE FREQUENCY water catchment systems shall be listed. Exceptions: DESCRIPTION MINIMUM FREQUENCY (1) Rainwater catchment systems used for irrigation with a Inspect and clean filters and Every 3 months maximum storage capacity of 5 000 gallons (18 927 L) screens, and replace (if necessary) where the tank is supported directly upon grade and the Inspect and verify that disinfection, In accordance with manu- ratio of height to width (or diameter) does not exceed 2 filters and water quality treatment facturer’s instructions, and devices and systems are operational the Authority Having Juris- to 1. and maintaining minimum water diction (2) Rainwater catchment systems for single family dwellings quality requirements as determined where all outlets, piping, and system components are by the Authority Having Jurisdic- located on the exterior of the building. tion 901.3 Permit. It shall be unlawful for any person to Inspect and clear debris from rain- Every 6 months water gutters, downspouts, and roof construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, washers or altered any rainwater catchment system in a building or on Inspect and clear debris from roof Every 6 months a premise without first obtaining a permit to do such work or other aboveground rainwater from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. collection surfaces Exceptions: Remove tree branches and vegeta- As needed (1) A permit is not required for exterior rainwater catchment tion overhanging roof or other systems used for outdoor drip and subsurface irrigation aboveground rainwater collection surfaces with a maximum storage capacity of 5 000 gallons (18 927 L) where the tank is supported directly upon grade Inspect pumps and verify operation After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter and the ratio of height to width (or diameter) does not exceed 2 to 1 and it does not require electrical power or Inspect valves and verify operation After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter a make-up water supply connection. Inspect pressure tanks and verify After initial installation and (2) A plumbing permit is not required for rainwater catch- operation every 12 months thereafter ment systems for single family dwellings where all Clear debris from and inspect After initial installation and outlets, piping, and system components are located on storage tanks, locking devices, and every 12 months thereafter the exterior of the building. This does not exempt the verify operation need for permits if required for electrical connections, tank supports, or enclosures. Inspect caution labels and marking After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter 901.4 Component Identification. System components Cross-connection inspection and After initial installation and shall be properly identified as to the manufacturer. test* every 12 months thereafter 901.5 Maintenance and Inspection. Rainwater catch- Test water quality of rainwater Every 12 months. ment systems and components shall be inspected and main- catchment systems required by After system renovation or tained in accordance with Section 901.5.1 through Section Section 903.4 to maintain a repair. 901.5.3. minimum water quality 901.5.1 Frequency. Rainwater catchment systems and * The cross-connection test shall be performed in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction in accordance with the requirements of this components shall be inspected and maintained in accor- Chapter.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 43 NONPOTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

901.5.3 Maintenance Responsibility. The required 901.12 Sizing. Unless otherwise provided for in this stan- maintenance and inspection of rainwater catchment dard, rainwater catchment piping shall be sized in accordance systems shall be the responsibility of the property with the plumbing code for sizing potable water piping. owner, unless otherwise required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 902.0 Nonpotable Rainwater Catchment Systems. 901.6 Operation and Maintenance Manual. An opera- 902.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to tion and maintenance manual for rainwater catchment the installation, construction, alteration, and repair of rain- systems required to have a permit in accordance with Section water catchments systems intended to supply uses such as 901.3 shall be supplied to the building owner by the system water closets, urinals, trap primers for floor drains and floor designer. The operating and maintenance manual shall sinks, irrigation, industrial processes, water features, cooling include the following: tower makeup and other uses approved by the Authority (1) Detailed diagram of the entire system and the location of Having Jurisdiction. Additional design criteria can be found system components. in the ARCSA/ASPE 63 Standard. (2) Instructions on operating and maintaining the system. 902.2 Plumbing Plan Submission. No permit for any (3) Details on maintaining the required water quality as rainwater catchment system requiring a permit shall be issued determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. until complete plumbing plans, with appropriate data satis- (4) Details on deactivating the system for maintenance, factory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, have been repair, or other purposes. submitted and approved. (5) Applicable testing, inspection, and maintenance frequen- 902.3 System Changes. No changes or connections shall cies as required by Table 901.5.1. be made to either the rainwater catchment system or the potable water system within any site containing a rainwater (6) A method of contacting the manufacturer(s). catchment system requiring a permit without approval by the 901.7 Minimum Water Quality Requirements. The Authority Having Jurisdiction. minimum water quality for rainwater catchment systems shall 902.4 Connections to Potable or Reclaimed (Recy- meet the applicable water quality requirements for the cled) Water Systems. Rainwater catchment systems shall intended application as determined by the Authority Having have no direct connection to any potable water supply or Jurisdiction. Water quality for nonpotable rainwater catch- alternate water source system. Potable or reclaimed (recycled) ment systems shall comply with Section 903.4. water shall be permitted to be used as makeup water for a Exceptions: rainwater catchment system provided the potable or (1) Water treatment is not required for rainwater catchment reclaimed (recycled) water supply connection is protected by systems used for aboveground irrigation with a an airgap or reduced-pressure principle backflow preventer maximum storage capacity of 360 gallons (1363 L). in accordance with the plumbing code. (2) Water treatment is not required for rainwater catchment 902.5 Initial Cross-Connection Test. Where any portion systems used for nonspray irrigation. of a rainwater catchment system is installed within a building, 901.8 Material Compatibility. Rainwater catchment a cross-connection test is required in accordance with systems shall be constructed of materials that are compatible 903.14.2. Before the building is occupied or the system is with the type of pipe and fitting materials, water treatment, activated, the installer shall perform the initial cross-connec- and water conditions in the system. tion test in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The test shall be ruled successful by the Authority Having 901.9 System Controls. Controls for pumps, valves, and Jurisdiction before final approval is granted. other devices that contain mercury that come in contact with rainwater supply are prohibited. 902.6 Sizing. The design and size of rainwater drains, gutters, conductors, and leaders shall be in accordance with 901.10 Separation Requirements. All underground rain- the plumbing code. water catchment service piping shall be separated from the building sewer in accordance with the plumbing code. 902.7 Rainwater Catchment System Materials. Rain- Treated nonpotable water pipes run or laid in the same trench water catchment system materials shall be in accordance with as potable water pipes shall have a 12 inch (305 mm) Section 902.7.1 through Section 902.7.4. minimum vertical and horizontal separation when both pipe 902.7.1 Water Supply and Distribution Materials. materials are approved for use within a building. Where hori- Rainwater catchment water supply and distribution mate- zontal piping materials do not meet this requirement the rials shall comply with the requirements of the plumbing minimum separation shall be increased to 60 inches (1524 code for potable water supply and distribution systems, mm). The potable water piping shall be installed at an eleva- unless otherwise provided for in this section. tion above the treated nonpotable water piping. 902.7.2 Rainwater Catchment System Drainage 901.11 Abandonment. All rainwater catchment systems Materials. Materials used in rainwater catchment that are no longer in use or fails to be maintained in accor- drainage systems, including gutters, downspouts, dance with Section 901.5 shall be abandoned. Abandonment conductors, and leaders shall comply with the require- shall comply with Section 305.0. ments of the plumbing code for storm drainage.

44 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD NONPOTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

902.7.3 Storage Tanks. Rainwater storage tanks shall mined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. In the absence of be in accordance with Section 903.5. water quality requirements determined by the Authority 902.7.4 Collections Surfaces. The collection surface Having Jurisdiction, the minimum treatment and water shall be constructed of a hard, impervious material. quality shall also comply with Table 903.4. 902.8 Rainwater Catchment Water System Color and Exception: No treatment is required for rainwater used for Marking Information. Rainwater catchment systems shall subsurface or nonsprinkled surface irrigation where the have a colored background in accordance with the plumbing maximum storage volume is less than 360 gallons (1 363 L). code. Rainwater catchment systems shall be marked or field- 903.4.1 Treatment. If the quality of the tested water marked, in lettering in accordance with the plumbing code, cannot consistently be maintained at the minimum levels with the words: “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE RAIN- specified in Table 903.4, then the system shall be WATER, DO NOT DRINK.” equipped with an appropriate treatment device meeting applicable NSF Standard referenced in Table 1201.1. 903.0 Design and Installation. 903.5 Rainwater Storage Tanks. Rainwater storage tanks shall be constructed and installed in accordance with Section 903.1 Outside Hose Bibbs. Outside hose bibbs shall be 903.5.1 through Section 903.5.8. allowed on rainwater piping systems. Hose bibbs supplying rainwater shall be indicated by posted signs marked with the 903.5.1 Construction. Rainwater storage shall be words: “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE RAINWATER, DO constructed of solid, durable materials not subject to NOT DRINK” and the symbol in Figure 903.1. excessive corrosion or decay and shall be watertight. Storage tanks shall be approved by the Authority Having 903.2 Deactivation and Drainage for Cross-connec- Jurisdiction, provided such tanks comply with approved tion Test. Where any portion of a rainwater catchment system applicable standards. is installed within a building, the rainwater catchment system and the potable water system within the building shall be 903.5.2 Location. Rainwater storage tanks shall be provided with the required appurtenances (e.g., valves, air or installed above or below grade. vacuum relief valves, etc.) to allow for deactivation or drainage 903.5.3 Above Grade. Above grade storage tanks as required for cross-connection test in Section 903.14.2. shall be of an opaque material, approved for above- 903.3 Rainwater Catchment Collection Surfaces. ground use in direct sunlight or shall be shielded from Rainwater shall be collected from roof surfaces or other direct sunlight. Tanks shall be installed in an accessible manmade, aboveground collection surfaces. location to allow for inspection and cleaning. The tank shall be installed on a foundation or platform that is 903.3.1 Other Surfaces. Natural precipitation constructed to accommodate all loads in accordance with collected from surface water runoff, vehicular parking the building code. surfaces or manmade surfaces at or below grade shall comply with the stormwater requirements for on-site 903.5.4 Below Grade. Rainwater storage tanks treated nonpotable water systems in Section 604.0. installed below grade shall be structurally designed to withstand all anticipated earth or other loads. Holding 903.3.2 Prohibited Discharges. Overflows and tank covers shall be capable of supporting an earth load of bleed-off pipes from roof-mounted equipment and appli- not less than 300 pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) (1465 ances shall not discharge onto roof surfaces that are kg/m2) when the tank is designed for underground instal- intended to collect rainwater without prior approval from lation. Below grade rainwater tanks installed underground the Authority Having Jurisdiction. shall be provided with manholes. The manhole opening 903.4 Minimum Water Quality. The minimum water shall not be less than 20 inches (508 mm) in diameter and quality for harvested rainwater shall meet the applicable water located not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the quality requirements for the intended applications as deter- surrounding grade. The surrounding grade shall be sloped away from the manhole. Underground tanks shall be ballasted, anchored, or otherwise secured, to prevent the tank from floating out of the ground when empty. The combined weight of the tank and hold down system should meet or exceed the buoyancy force of the tank. 903.5.5 Drainage and Overflow. Rainwater storage tanks shall be provided with a means of draining and cleaning. The overflow drain shall not be equipped with a shutoff valve. The overflow outlet shall discharge as required by the plumbing code for storm drainage systems. Where discharging to the storm drainage system, the overflow drain shall be protected from back- flow of the storm drainage system by a backwater valve FIGURE 903.1 or other approved method.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 45 NONPOTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

TABLE 903.4 MINIMUM WATER QUALITY

APPLICATION MINIMUM TREATMENT MINIMUM WATER QUALITY Debris excluder or other approved means in compliance with Section 903.10, and Car washing N/A 100 Micron (100 µm) in compliance with Section 903.11 for drip irrigation. Debris excluder or other approved means in compliance with Section 903.10, and Subsurface and drip irrigation N/A 100 Micron (100 µm) in compliance with Section 903.11 for drip irrigation. Spray irrigation where the maximum Debris excluder or other approved means in compliance storage volume is less than 360 with Section 903.10, and N/A gallons (1363 L) Disinfection in accordance with Section 903.8. Spray irrigation where the maximum Debris excluder or other approved means in compliance Escherichia coli: < 100 CFU/100 mL, and storage volume is equal to or greater with Section 903.10. than 360 gallons (1363 L) Turbidity: < 10 NTU Debris excluder or other approved means in compliance Urinal and water closet flushing, with Section 903.10, and Escherichia coli: < 100 CFU/100 mL, and clothes washing, and trap priming 100 Micron (100 µm) in compliance with Section Turbidity: < 10 NTU 903.11. Ornamental fountains and other water Debris excluder or other approved means in compliance Escherichia coli: < 100 CFU/100 mL, and features with Section 903.10. Turbidity: < 10 NTU Debris excluder or other approved means in compliance with Section 903.10, and Escherichia coli: < 100 CFU/100 mL, and Cooling tower make up water 100 Micron (100 µm) in compliance with Section Turbidity: < 10 NTU 903.11.

903.5.5.1 Overflow Outlet Size. The overflow grade and shall be a minimum of 1-½ inches (38 mm) in outlet shall be sized to accommodate the flow of the diameter. The vent terminal shall be directed downward 3 rainwater entering the tank and not less than the and covered with a /32 inch (2.4 mm) mesh screen to aggregate cross-sectional area of all inflow pipes. prevent the entry of vermin and insects. 903.5.6 Opening and Access Protection. 903.6 Pumps. Pumps serving rainwater catchment systems 903.5.6.1 Animals and Insects. Rainwater tank shall be listed. Pumps supplying water to water closets, openings shall be protected to prevent the entrance urinals, and trap primers shall be capable of delivering not of insects, birds, or rodents into the tank. less than 15 psi (103 kPa) residual pressure at the highest and most remote outlet served. Where the water pressure in the 903.5.6.2 Human Access. Rainwater tank access rainwater supply system within the building exceeds 80 psi openings exceeding 12 inches (305 mm) in diameter (552 kPa), a pressure reducing valve reducing the pressure to shall be secured to prevent tampering and unin- 80 psi (552 kPa) or less to all water outlets in the building tended entry by either a lockable device or other shall be installed in accordance with the plumbing code. approved method. 903.7 Roof Drains. Primary and secondary roof drains, 903.5.7 Marking. Rainwater tanks shall be permanently conductors, leaders, and gutters shall be designed and marked with the capacity and the language: installed in accordance with the plumbing code. “NONPOTABLE RAINWATER.” Where openings are provided to allow a person to enter the tank, the opening 903.8 Water Quality Devices and Equipment. Devices shall be marked with the following language: and equipment used to treat rainwater to maintain the “DANGER-CONFINED SPACE.” minimum water quality requirements determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be listed or labeled (third- 903.5.8 Storage Tank Venting. Where venting by party certified) by a listing agency (accredited conformity means of drainage or overflow piping is not provided or assessment body) and approved for the intended application. is considered insufficient, a vent shall be installed on each tank. The vent shall extend from the top of the tank 903.9 Freeze Protection. Tanks and piping installed in and terminate a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above locations subject to freezing shall be provided with an adequate means of freeze protection.

46 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD NONPOTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

903.10 Debris Removal. The rainwater catchment rainwater catchment system. The potable and rainwater conveyance system shall be equipped with a debris excluder catchment system shall be isolated from each other and or other approved means to prevent the accumulation of independently inspected and tested to ensure there is no leaves, needles, other debris and sediment from entering the cross-connection in accordance with Section 903.14.2.1 storage tank. Devices or methods used to remove debris or through Section 903.14.2.4. sediment shall be accessible and sized and installed in accor- 903.14.2.1 Visual System Inspection. Prior to dance with manufacturer’s installation instructions. commencing the cross-connection testing, a dual 903.11 Required Filters. A filter permitting the passage of system inspection shall be conducted by the particulates no larger than 100 microns (100 µm) shall be Authority Having Jurisdiction as follows: provided for rainwater supplied to water closets, urinals, trap (1) Meter locations of the rainwater and potable primers, and drip irrigation system. water lines shall be checked to verify that no 903.12 Roof Gutters. Gutters shall maintain a minimum modifications were made and that no cross- slope and be sized in accordance with the plumbing code. connections are visible. 903.13 Signs. Signs in buildings using rainwater water shall (2) Pumps and equipment, equipment room signs, be in accordance with Section 903.13.1 and Section 903.13.2 and exposed piping in equipment room shall be 903.13.1 Commercial, Industrial, and Institu- checked. tional Restroom Signs. A sign shall be installed in (3) Valves shall be checked to ensure that valve all restrooms in commercial, industrial, and institutional lock seals are still in place and intact. Valve occupancies using rainwater for water closets, urinals, or control door signs shall be checked to verify both. Each sign shall contain ½ inch (12.7 mm) letters of that no signs have been removed. a highly visible color on a contrasting background. The 903.14.2.2 Cross-Connection Test. The proce- location of the sign(s) shall be such that the sign(s) shall dure for determining cross-connection shall be be visible to all users. The location of the sign(s) shall followed by the applicant in the presence of the be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and Authority Having Jurisdiction to determine whether shall contain the following text: a cross-connection has occurred as follows: TO CONSERVE WATER, THIS BUILDING USES (1) The potable water system shall be activated and RAINWATER TO FLUSH TOILETS AND URINALS. pressurized. The rainwater catchment system 903.13.2 Equipment Room Signs. Each room shall be shut down, depressurized, and drained. containing nonpotable rainwater equipment shall have a (2) The potable water system shall remain pressur- sign posted in a location that is visible to anyone working ized for a minimum period of time specified by on or near nonpotable water equipment with the the Authority Having Jurisdiction while the following wording in 1 inch (25.4 mm) letters: rainwater catchment system is empty. The CAUTION: NONPOTABLE RAINWATER, DO NOT minimum period the rainwater catchment DRINK. DO NOT CONNECT TO DRINKING system is to remain depressurized shall be WATER SYSTEM. NOTICE: CONTACT BUILDING determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into MANAGEMENT BEFORE PERFORMING ANY account the size and complexity of the potable WORK ON THIS WATER SYSTEM. and the rainwater catchment distribution 903.14 Inspection and Testing. Rainwater catchment systems, but in no case shall that period be less systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with than 1 hour. Section 903.14.1 and Section 903.14.2. Irrigation systems not (3) The drain on the rainwater catchment system connected to a potable water system shall be exempt from shall be checked for flow during the test and all testing requirements in Section 903.14.2. fixtures, potable and alternate water source, 903.14.1 Supply System Inspection and Test. shall be tested and inspected for flow. Flow Rainwater catchment systems shall be inspected and from any rainwater catchment system outlet tested in accordance with the applicable provisions of the indicates a cross-connection. No flow from a plumbing code for testing of potable water and storm potable water outlet shall indicate that it is drainage systems. Storage tanks shall be filled with water connected to the rainwater catchment system. to the overflow opening for a period of 24 hours and (4) The potable water system shall then be depres- during inspection or by other means as approved by the surized and drained. Authority Having Jurisdiction. All seams and joints shall (5) The rainwater catchment system shall then be be exposed during inspection and checked for water activated and pressurized. tightness. (6) The rainwater catchment system shall remain 903.14.2 Annual Cross-Connection Inspection pressurized for a minimum period of time spec- and Testing. An initial and subsequent annual inspec- ified by the Authority Having Jurisdiction while tion and test shall be performed on both the potable and the potable water system is empty. The

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 47 NONPOTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

minimum period the potable water system is to remain depressurized shall be determined on a case-by-case basis, but in no case shall that period be less than 1 hour. (7) All fixtures, potable and rainwater, shall be tested and inspected for flow. Flow from any potable water system outlet indicates a cross- connection. No flow from a rainwater outlet will indicate that it is connected to the potable water system. (8) The drain on the potable water system shall be checked for flow during the test and at the end of the test. (9) If there is no flow detected in any of the fixtures which would indicate a cross-connection, the potable water system shall be repressurized. 903.14.2.3 Discovery of Cross-Connection. In the event that a cross-connection is discovered, the following procedure, in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction, shall be activated immediately: (1) The rainwater piping to the building shall be shut down at the meter, and the rainwater riser shall be drained. (2) Potable water piping to the building shall be shut down at the meter. (3) The cross-connection shall be uncovered and disconnected. (4) The building shall be retested following proce- dures listed in Section 903.14.2.1 and Section 903.14.2.2. (5) The potable water system shall be chlorinated with 50 parts-per-million (ppm) chlorine for 24 hours. (6) The potable water system shall be flushed after 24 hours, and a standard bacteriological test shall be performed. If test results are acceptable, the potable water system shall be recharged. 903.14.2.4 Annual Inspection. An annual inspection of the rainwater catchment system, following the procedures listed in Section 903.14.2.1 shall be required. Annual cross-connection testing, following the procedures listed in Section 903.14.2.2 shall be required by the Authority Having Jurisdic- tion, unless site conditions do not require it. In no event shall the test occur less than once in 4 years. Alternate testing requirements shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

48 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 10 WATER HEATING DESIGN, EQUIPMENT, AND INSTALLATION

1001.0 General. 1002.1.2 For Pumps Between Boilers and 1001.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall establish Storage Tanks. When used to maintain storage tank the means of conserving potable and non-potable water and water temperature, recirculating pumps shall be energy associated with the generation and use of hot water in equipped with controls limiting operation to a period a building. This includes provisions for the hot water distribu- from the start of the heating cycle to a maximum of tion system, which is the portion of the potable water distribu- 5 minutes after the end of the heating cycle. [ASHRAE tion system between a water heating device and the plumbing 90.1:7.4.4.4] fixtures, including all dedicated return piping and appurte- 1002.2 Recirculation Pump Controls. Pump controls nances to the water heating device in a recirculation system. shall include on-demand activation or time clocks combined 1001.2 Insulation. Hot water supply and return piping shall with temperature sensing. Time clock controls for pumps shall be thermally insulated. The wall thickness of the insulation not let the pump operate more than 15 minutes every hour. shall be equal to the nominal diameter of the pipe up to Temperature sensors shall stop circulation when the temper- 2 inches (50 mm). The wall thickness shall be not less than ature set point is reached and shall be located on the circula- 2 inches (50 mm) for nominal pipe diameters exceeding tion loop at or near the last fixture. The pump, pump controls 2 inches (50 mm). The conductivity of the insulation [k-factor and temperature sensors shall be accessible. Pump operation (Btu•in/(h•ft2•ºF))], measured radially, shall be less than or shall be limited to the building’s hours of operation. equal to 0.28 [Btu•in/(h•ft2•ºF)] [0.04 W/(m•k)]. Hot water 1002.3 Temperature Maintenance Controls. For other piping to be insulated shall be installed such that insulation is than low-rise residential buildings, systems designed to main- continuous. Pipe insulation shall be installed to within ¼ inch tain usage temperatures in hot-water pipes, such as recircu- (6.4 mm) of all appliances, appurtenances, fixtures, structural lating hot-water systems or heat trace, shall be equipped with members, or a wall where the pipe passes through to connect automatic time switches or other controls that can be set to to a fixture within 24 inches (610 mm). switch off the usage temperature maintenance system during Exceptions: extended periods when hot water is not required. [ASHRAE 90.1:7.4.4.2] (1) Where the hot water pipe is installed in a wall that is not of sufficient width to accommodate the pipe and insula- 1002.4 System Balancing. Systems with multiple recir- tion, the insulation thickness shall be the maximum culation zones shall be balanced to uniformly distribute hot thickness that the wall can accommodate and not less water, or they shall be operated with a pump for each zone. than ½ inch (12.7 mm) thick. The circulation pump controls shall comply with the provi- sions of Section 1002.2. (2) Hot water supply piping exposed under sinks, lavatories, and similar fixtures. 1002.5 Flow Balancing Valves. Flow balancing valves shall be a factory preset automatic flow control valve, a flow (3) Where hot water distribution piping is installed within regulating valve, or a balancing valve with memory stop. attic, crawlspace, or wall insulation. 1002.6 Air Elimination. Provision shall be made for the 1001.2.1 Pipe Supports. Pipe supports shall be elimination of air from the return system. installed on the outside of the pipe insulation. 1002.7 Gravity or Thermosyphon Systems. Gravity or Exception: Vertical supports, and horizontal and vertical thermosyphon systems are prohibited. anchors shall be installed on the pipe inside the pipe insulation. 1001.2.2 Building Cavities. Building cavities used for 1003.0 Service Hot Water – Low-Rise Residential hot water supply and return piping shall be large enough Buildings. to accommodate the combined diameter of the pipe plus 1003.1 General. The service water heating system for the insulation, plus any other objects in the cavity that single-family houses, multi-family structures of three stories the piping must cross. or fewer above grade, and modular houses shall be in accor- dance with Section 1003.2 through Section 1003.7. The service water heating system of all other buildings shall be in 1002.0 Recirculation Systems. accordance with Section 1004.0. 1002.1 Pump Operation. 1003.2 Water Heaters and Storage Tanks. Residential- 1002.1.1 For Low-Rise Residential Buildings. type water heaters, pool heaters, and unfired water heater Circulating hot water systems shall be arranged so that storage tanks shall meet the minimum performance require- the circulating pump(s) can be turned off (automatically ments specified by federal law. or manually) when the hot water system is not in opera- Unfired storage water heating equipment shall have a tion.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 49 WATER HEATING DESIGN, EQUIPMENT, AND INSTALLATION heat loss through the tank surface area of less than 6.5 British length per volume of piping shall comply with Section thermal units per hour per square foot (Btu/h•ft2) 1003.7.2. (20.5 W/m2). 1003.7.1 Maximum Volume of Hot Water in a 1003.3 Recirculation Systems. Recirculation systems Branch. The water volume per foot of piping shall be shall meet the provisions in Section 1002.0. calculated using Table 1003.7.1. The maximum volume 1003.4 Central Water Heating Equipment. Service of water in a fixture branch between any source of hot water heating equipment (central systems) that does not fall water (water heaters, recirculation loops and electrically under the requirements for residential-type service water heat traced pipe shall be considered sources of hot water) heating equipment addressed in Section 1003.0 shall meet the and the fixture fitting shall be: applicable requirements for service water-heating equipment (1) 24 oz. (0.7 L) where a single branch serves a single found in Section 1004.0. fixture. 1003.5 Insulation. Insulation for hot water and return (2) 40 oz. (1.2 L) where a series branch incorporating piping shall comply with the provisions of Section 1001.2. one or more Flow-Through Design configurations that serves two or more fixtures. 1003.6 Hard Water. Where water has hardness equal to or exceeding 9 grains per gallon (gr/gal) (154 mg/L) measured (3) 60 oz. (1.8 L) where a ring branch incorporating two as total calcium carbonate equivalents, the water supply line or more Flow-Through Design configurations that to water heating equipment in new one- and two-family serves two or more fixtures. dwellings shall be roughed-in to allow for the installation of Exceptions: water treatment equipment. 1. The maximum volume of a single branch or series 1003.7 Maximum Volume and Length of Hot Water. branch between any source of hot water and a The maximum volume of water contained in a hot water kitchen sink and dishwasher located on an island or branch shall comply with Section 1003.7.1. The maximum a peninsula where the floor is a concrete slab shall not contain more than 40 oz. (1.2 L)

TABLE 1003.7.1 WATER VOLUME (OZ/FT) FOR DISTRIBUTION PIPING MATERIALS NOMINAL COPPER COPPER COPPER CPVC CPVC PEX-AL- PE-AL- CPVC PEX PE-RT PP PP PP CPVC SIZE M L K CTS SDR SCH 40 PEX PE SCH 80 CTS SDR 9 SDR 6 SDR 7.3 SDR 11 PIPE (inch) 11 SDR 9 SDR 11

3 ⁄8 1.06 0.97 0.84 0.68 1.17 0.59 0.59 0.85 0.64 0.64 0.85 1.02 NA 1.48

1 ⁄2 1.69 1.55 1.45 1.23 1.89 1.22 1.22 1.44 1.18 1.18 1.35 1.64 NA 2.33

3 ⁄4 3.43 3.22 2.90 2.52 3.38 3.28 3.28 2.72 2.35 2.35 2.14 2.54 NA 3.68 1 5.81 5.49 5.17 4.24 5.53 5.37 5.37 4.58 3.88 3.88 3.46 4.22 NA 5.83

1 1 ⁄4 8.70 8.36 8.09 6.38 9.66 8.65 8.65 8.23 5.80 5.80 5.47 6.59 NA 9.35

1 1 ⁄2 12.18 11.83 11.45 8.95 13.20 13.91 13.91 11.38 8.08 8.08 8.64 10.27 NA 12.27 2 21.50 20.58 20.04 15.38 21.88 23.16 23.16 19.11 13.86 13.86 13.64 16.42 NA 19.19 For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 ounce = 29.573 mL

TABLE 1003.7.2(1) LENGTH (FT) PER VOLUME OF PIPING

COPPER TYPE M COPPER TYPE L COPPER TYPE K

NOMINAL 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ SIZE (inch)

3 ⁄8 22.7 37.8 56.7 24.9 41.4 62.1 28.4 47.4 71.1

1 ⁄2 14.2 23.7 35.5 15.5 25.8 38.7 16.5 27.6 41.4

3 ⁄4 7.0 11.6 17.5 7.5 12.4 18.6 8.3 13.8 20.7 1 4.1 6.9 10.3 4.4 7.3 10.9 4.6 7.7 11.6

1 1 ⁄4 2.8 4.6 6.9 2.9 4.8 7.2 3.0 4.9 7.4

1 1 ⁄2 2.0 3.3 4.9 2.0 3.4 5.1 2.1 3.5 5.2 2 1.1 1.9 2.8 1.2 1.9 2.9 1.2 2.0 3.0 For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 ounce = 29.573 mL

50 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD WATER HEATING DESIGN, EQUIPMENT, AND INSTALLATION

2. The maximum volume of a single branch to a stand- calculated using Table 1003.7.2(1) through Table alone tub shall not contain more than 80 oz. (2.4 L) 1003.7.2(4). Where a fixture fitting shut off valve 1003.7.2 Maximum Length per Volume of Water (supply stop) is installed ahead of the fixture fitting, the in a Branch. For fixture branches in accordance with maximum length is measured between the source of hot Section 1003.7.1, the maximum length of piping shall be water and the fixture fitting shut off valve (supply stop).

TABLE 1003.7.2(2) LENGTH (FT) PER VOLUME OF PIPING CPVC CTS SDR 11 CPVC SCH 40 PIPE CPVC SCH 80 PIPE CPVC SDR 11 PIPE

NOMINAL 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ SIZE (inch)

3 ⁄8 35.5 59.1 88.6 20.5 34.2 51.4 28.3 47.2 70.7 16.2 27.0 40.4

1 ⁄2 19.5 32.6 48.8 12.7 21.1 31.7 16.6 27.7 41.5 10.3 17.2 25.7

3 ⁄4 9.5 15.9 23.8 7.1 11.8 17.8 8.8 14.7 22.0 6.5 10.9 16.3 1 5.7 9.4 14.2 4.3 7.2 10.9 5.2 8.7 13.1 4.1 6.9 10.3

1 1 ⁄4 3.8 6.3 9.4 2.5 4.1 6.2 2.9 4.9 7.3 2.6 4.3 6.4

1 1 ⁄2 2.7 4.5 6.7 1.8 3.0 4.5 2.1 3.5 5.3 2.0 3.3 4.9 2 1.6 2.6 3.9 1.1 1.8 2.7 1.3 2.1 3.1 1.3 2.1 3.1 For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 ounce = 29.573 mL

TABLE 1003.7.2(3) LENGTH (FT) PER VOLUME OF PIPING

PEX & PE-RT CTS SDR 9 PEX-AL-PEX (DN) PE-AL-PE (DN)

NOMINAL SIZE, 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ inches (DN)1

3 ⁄8 (12) 37.5 62.5 93.8 40.7 67.8 101.8 40.7 67.8 101.8

1 ⁄2 (16) 20.4 33.9 50.9 19.6 32.7 49.0 19.6 32.7 49.0

3 ⁄4 (25) 10.2 17.0 25.5 7.3 12.2 18.3 7.3 12.2 18.3 1 (32) 6.2 10.3 15.5 4.5 7.4 11.2 4.5 7.4 11.2

1 1 ⁄4 (40) 4.1 6.9 10.3 2.8 4.6 6.9 2.8 4.6 6.9

1 1 ⁄2 (50) 3.0 4.9 7.4 1.7 2.9 4.3 1.7 2.9 4.3 2 (63) 1.7 2.9 4.3 1.0 1.7 2.6 1.0 1.7 2.6 For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 ounce = 29.573 mL 1 DN is outside diameter

TABLE 1003.7.2(4) LENGTH (FT) PER VOLUME OF PIPING

PP SDR 6 (DN) PP SDR 7.3 (DN) PP SDR 11 (DN)1

NOMINAL SIZE, 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ 24 OZ 40 OZ 60 OZ Inches (DN)2

3 ⁄8 (16) 28.2 46.9 70.4 23.5 39.2 58.8 NA NA NA

1 ⁄2 (20) 17.7 29.6 44.3 14.7 24.4 36.6 NA NA NA

3 ⁄4 (25) 11.2 18.7 28.0 9.5 15.8 23.6 NA NA NA 1 (32) 6.9 11.6 17.3 5.7 9.5 14.2 NA NA NA

1 1 ⁄4 (40) 4.4 7.3 11.0 3.6 6.1 9.1 NA NA NA

1 1 ⁄2 (50) 2.8 4.6 6.9 2.3 3.9 5.8 NA NA NA 2 (63) 1.8 2.9 4.4 1.5 2.4 3.7 NA NA NA For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 ounce = 29.573 mL 1 PP SDR 11 products are not typically used or rated at 180°F 2 DN is outside diameter

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 51 WATER HEATING DESIGN, EQUIPMENT, AND INSTALLATION

1003.7.3 Hot Water System Submeters. Where a the requirements of Section 1005.0, Mandatory Provisions, hot water pipe from a circulation loop or electric heat in conjunction with Section 11 of ASHRAE 90.1, Energy trace line is equipped with a submeter, the hot water Cost Budget Method. [ASHRAE 90.1:7.2.2] distribution system downstream of the submeter shall have either an end-of-line hot water circulation pump or 1005.0 Mandatory Provisions. shall be electrically heat traced. The maximum volume of water in any branch from the circulation loop or electric 1005.1 Load Calculations. Service water heating system heat trace line downstream of the submeter shall not design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment exceed 16 oz (473 mL). shall be determined in accordance with manufacturers’ published sizing guidelines or generally accepted engineering If there is no circulation loop or electric heat traced standards and handbooks acceptable to the adopting authority line downstream of the submeter, the submeter shall be (e.g., ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Applications). located within 2 feet (610 mm) of the central hot water [ASHRAE 90.1:7.4.1] system; or the branch line to the submeter shall be circu- lated or heat traced to within 2 feet of the submeter. The 1005.2 Equipment Efficiency. Water heating equipment, maximum volume from the submeter to each fixture shall hot-water supply boilers used solely for heating potable not exceed 32 oz (946 mL). water, pool heaters, and hot-water storage tanks shall meet the criteria listed in Table 1005.2. Where multiple criteria are The circulation pump controls shall comply with the listed, all criteria shall be met. Omission of minimum provisions of Section 1002.2. performance requirements for certain classes of equipment does not preclude use of such equipment where appropriate. 1004.0 Service Hot Water – Other Than Low-Rise Equipment not listed in Table 1005.2 has no minimum Residential Buildings. performance requirements. 1004.1 General. The service hot water, other than single- Exceptions: Water heaters and hot-water supply boilers family houses, multi-family structures of three stories or having more than 140 gallons (530 L) of storage capacity are fewer above grade, and modular houses, shall comply with not required to meet the standby loss (SL) requirements of Section 1004.0 through Section 1007.0. Table 1005.2 when: 1004.2 New Buildings. Service water heating systems and (1) The tank surface is thermally insulated to R-12.5. equipment shall comply with the requirements of this section (2) A standing pilot light is not installed. as described in Section 1004.5. [ASHRAE 90.1:7.1.1.1] (3) Gas- or oil-fired storage water heaters have a flue damper 1004.3 Additions to Existing Buildings. Service water or fan-assisted combustion. [ASHRAE 90.1:7.4.2] heating systems and equipment shall comply with the require- 1005.3 Insulation. Insulation of hot water and return piping ments of this section. shall meet the provisions in Section 1001.2. Exception: When the service water heating to an addition is 1005.4 Hot Water System Design. provided by existing service water heating systems and equip- ment, such systems and equipment shall not be required to 1005.4.1 Recirculation Systems. Recirculation comply with this standard. However, any new systems or systems shall meet the provisions in Section 1002.0. equipment installed must comply with specific requirements 1005.4.2 Maximum Volume of Hot Water. The applicable to those systems and equipment. [ASHRAE maximum volume of water contained in hot water distri- 90.1:7.1.1.2] bution lines between the water heater and the fixture stop 1004.4 Alterations to Existing Buildings. Building or connection to showers, kitchen faucets, and lavatories service water heating equipment installed as a direct replace- shall be determined in accordance with Section 1003.7. ment for existing building service water heating equipment 1005.5 Service Water Heating System Controls. shall comply with the requirements of Section 1004.0 appli- 1005.5.1 Storage Temperature Controls. Temper- cable to the equipment being replaced. New and replacement ature controls shall be provided that allow for storage piping shall comply with Section 1005.3. temperature adjustment from 120°F (49ºC) or lower to a Exception: Compliance shall not be required where there is maximum temperature compatible with the intended use. insufficient space or access to meet these requirements. Exception: When the manufacturers’ installation [ASHRAE 90.1:7.1.1.3] instructions specify a higher minimum thermostat setting 1004.5 Compliance Path(s). Compliance shall be achieved to minimize condensation and resulting corrosion. by meeting the requirements of Section 1004.1, General; [ASHRAE 90.1:7.4.4.1] Section 1005.0, Mandatory Provisions; Section 1006.0, 1005.5.2 Outlet Temperature Controls. Tempera- Prescriptive Path; and Section 1007.0, Submittals. [ASHRAE ture controlling means shall be provided to limit the 90.1:7.2.1] maximum temperature of water delivered from lavatory 1004.6 Energy Cost Budget Method. Projects using the faucets in public facility restrooms to 110°F (43ºC). Energy Cost Budget Method (Section 11 of ASHRAE 90.1) [ASHRAE 90.1:7.4.4.3] for demonstrating compliance with the standard shall meet

52 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD WATER HEATING DESIGN, EQUIPMENT, AND INSTALLATION

TABLE 1005.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER HEATING EQUIPMENT [ASHRAE 90.1: TABLE 7.8]

SIZE CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OR PERFORMANCE TEST EQUIPMENT TYPE 1 2,3 (INPUT) RATING CONDITION REQUIRED PROCEDURE Resistance Electric Table Top Water Heaters ≤12 kW See footnote 7 ≥20 gal Resistance 5 See footnote 7 ≤12 kW ≥20 gal Section G.2 of Electric water heaters 5 Resistance ≥20 gal 0.3 + 27/Vm %h >12 kW ANSI Z21.10.3 ≤24 Amps and Heat Pump See footnote 7 ≤250 Volts

≤75 000 Btu/h ≥20 gal See footnote 7

Gas storage water heaters Sections G.1 and 80% E (Q/800 + 6 <4000 (Btu/h)/gal t G.2 of ANSI >75 000 Btu/h 100√V)SL, Btu/h Z21.10.3 >50 000 Btu/h and <200 ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal See footnote 7 000 Btu/h and <2 gal Gas instantaneous ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal 4, 6 80% E water heaters ≥200 000 Btu/h and <10 gal t Sections G.1 and G.2 of ANSI ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal 80% E (Q/800 + Z21.10.3 ≥200 000 Btu/h t and ≥10 gal 100√V)SL, Btu/h

≤105 000 Btu/h ≥20 gal See footnote 7

Oil storage water heaters Sections G.1 and 80% E (Q/800 + >105 000 Btu/h <4000 (Btu/h)/gal t G.2 of ANSI 100√V)SL, Btu/h Z21.10.3 ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal ≤210 000 Btu/h See footnote 7 and <2 gal ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal Oil instantaneous water heaters >210 000 Btu/h 80% E and <10 gal t Sections G.1 and G.2 of ANSI ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal 78% E (Q/800 + Z21.10.3 >210 000 Btu/h t and ≥10 gal 100√V)SL, Btu/h ≥300 000 Btu/h and ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal 6 80% E Hot-water supply boilers, gas and oil <12 500 000 Btu/h and <10 gal t Sections G.1 and ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal 80% E (Q/800 + 6 ––––– t G.2 of ANSI Hot-water supply boilers, gas and ≥10 gal 100√V)SL, Btu/h Z21.10.3 ≥4000 (Btu/h)/gal 78% E (Q/800 + Hot-water supply boilers, oil ––––– t and ≥10 gal 100√V)SL, Btu/h Pool heaters, oil and gas All ––––– See footnote 7 ASHRAE 146 50°F db 44.2°F wb Heat pump pool heaters All Outdoor air 4.0 COP AHRI 1160 80.0°F entering water Unfired storage tanks All R-12.5 (none)

For SI units: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, ºC = (ºF-32)/1.8 1 Thermal efficiency (Et) is a minimum requirement, while standby loss (SL) is maximum Btu/h based on a 70°F temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements. In the SL equation, V is the rated volume in gallons and Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/h. Vm is the measured volume in the tank in gallons. 2 ASHRAE 90.1 Section 12 contains a complete specification, including the year version, of the referenced test procedure. 3 Section G1 is titled “Test Method for Measuring Thermal Efficiency” and Section G2 is titled “Test Method for Measuring Standby Loss.” 4 Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 200 000 Btu/h (58.6 kW) must comply with these requirements if the water heater is designed to heat water to temperatures of 180°F (82ºC) or higher. 5 Electric water heaters with input rates less than 40 946 Btu/h (12 kW) shall be in accordance with these requirements where the water heater is designed to heat water to temperatures of 180°F (82°C) or higher. 6 Refer to ASHRAE 90.1 Section 7.5.3 for additional requirements for gas storage and instantaneous water heaters and gas hot-water supply boilers. 7 In the U.S., the efficiency requirements for water heaters or gas pool heaters in this category or subcategory are specified by the U.S. Department of Energy. Those requirements and applicable test procedures are found in the Code of Federal Regulations 10 CFR Part 430. Informative Note: See ASHRAE 90.1 Informative Appendix F for the U.S. Department of Energy efficiency requirements applicable to these water heaters and pool heaters.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 53 WATER HEATING DESIGN, EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATION

1005.6 Heat Traps. Vertical pipe risers serving storage (3) The design service water heating load exceeds water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat traps 1 000 000 Btu/h (293 kW). [ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.6.2.1] and serving a nonrecirculating system shall have heat traps 1006.3.2 Capacity. The required heat recovery system on both the inlet and outlet piping as close as practical to the shall have the capacity to provide the smaller of: storage tank. A heat trap is a means to counteract the natural (1) Sixty percent of the peak heat rejection load at convection of heated water in a vertical pipe run. The means design conditions. is either a device specifically designed for the purpose or an arrangement of tubing that forms a loop of 360 degrees (2) Preheat of the peak service hot water draw to 85°F (6.28 rad) or piping that from the point of connection to the (29ºC). [ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.6.2.2] water heater (inlet or outlet) includes a length of piping Exceptions: directed downward before connection to the vertical piping (a) Facilities that employ condenser heat recovery for of the supply water or hot-water distribution system, as appli- space heating with a heat recovery design exceeding cable. [ASHRAE 90.1:7.4.6] 30 percent of the peak water-cooled condenser load at design conditions. 1006.0 Prescriptive Path. (b) Facilities that provide 60 percent of their service 1006.1 Space Heating and Water Heating. The use of water heating from site-solar or site-recovered a gas-fired or oil-fired space-heating boiler system otherwise energy or from other sources. complying with Section 1004.0 to provide the total space heating and water heating for a building is allowed when one 1007.0 Submittals. of the following conditions is met: 1007.1 General. The Authority Having Jurisdiction (1) The single space-heating boiler, or the component of a shall require submittal of compliance documentation and modular or multiple boiler system that is heating the supplemental information, in accordance with Section service water, has a standby loss in Btu/h (kW) not 103.0 of this standard and the applicable mechanical and exceeding (13.3 × pmd + 400)/n, where (pmd) is the building codes. probable maximum demand in gallons per hour, deter- mined in accordance with the procedures described in generally accepted engineering standards and handbooks, 1008.0 Hard Water. and (n) is the fraction of the year when the outdoor daily 1008.1 Softening and Treatment. Where water has hard- mean temperature is greater than 64.9°F (18.28ºC). ness equal to or exceeding 10 gr/gal (171 mg/L) measured as The standby loss is to be determined for a test period total calcium carbonate equivalents, the water supply line to of 24 hours duration while maintaining a boiler water water heating equipment and the circuit of boilers shall be temperature of at least 90°F (50ºC) above ambient, with softened or treated to prevent accumulation of lime scale and an ambient temperature between 60°F (16ºC) and 90°F consequent reduction in energy efficiency. (32ºC). For a boiler with a modulating burner, this test shall be conducted at the lowest input. 1009.0 Drain Water Heat Exchangers. (2) It is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority 1009.1 General. Drain water heat exchangers shall comply Having Jurisdiction that the use of a single heat source with IAPMO PS-92. The heat exchanger shall be accessible. will consume less energy than separate units. (3) The energy input of the combined boiler and water heater system is less than 150 000 Btu/h (44 kW). [ASHRAE 1010.0 Heat Recovery from Steam Boiler Blowdown. 90.1:7.5.1] 1010.1 General. Where heat recovery can be used benefi- 1006.2 Service Water Heating Equipment. Service cially to heat boiler makeup water or for other purposes, water heating equipment used to provide the additional func- boiler blowdown from steam boilers exceeding 15 psi and tion of space heating as part of a combination (integrated) 3.4 million BTU’s per hour (100 HP) shall be directed to a system shall satisfy all stated requirements for the service heat recovery system that reduces the temperature of the water heating equipment. [ASHRAE 90.1:7.5.2] blowdown discharge to below 140°F (60°C) without using 1006.3 Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating. tempering water. 1006.3.1 Condenser. Condenser heat recovery systems shall be installed for heating or preheating of service hot water provided all of the following are true: (1) The facility operates 24 hours a day. (2) The total installed heat rejection capacity of the water-cooled systems exceeds 6 000 000 Btu/h (1758 kW) of heat rejection.

54 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 11 INSTALLER QUALIFICATIONS

1101.0 General. 1101.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter address minimum qualifications of installers of systems covered within the scope of this standard.

1102.0 Qualifications. 1102.1 General. Where permits are required, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to require contractors, installers, or service technicians to demonstrate competency. Where determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, the contractor, installer, or service technician shall be licensed to perform such work.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 55 56 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD CHAPTER 12 REFERENCED STANDARDS

1201.0 General. materials, devices, appliances and equipment regulated by 1201.1 Standards. The standards listed in Table 1201.1 are this standard. These standards are mandatory when required intended for use in the design, testing, and installation of by sections in this standard.

TABLE 1201.1 REFERENCED STANDARDS

STANDARD NUMBER-YEAR STANDARD TITLE REFERENCED SECTION AHRI 1160 (I-P)-2014 Performance Rating of Heat Pump Pool Heaters Table 1005.2

ANSI/CAN/IAPMO/ISO 30500- Non-Sewered Sanitation Systems - Prefabricated Integrated Treatment 404.0 2019* Units - General Safety and Performance Requirements for Design and Testing ANSI Z21.10.3-2017* Gas Water Heaters, Volume III, Storage Water Heaters With Input Table 1005.2 Ratings Above 75 000 BTU per Hour, circulating and Instantaneous (same as CSA 4.3) APSP-14 2014* Portable Electric Spa Energy Efficiency 418.3.1

APSP-15a-2013* Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency 418.5

ARCSA/ASPE 63-2013* Rainwater Catchment Systems 902.1, A 104.9.1

ARCSA/ASPE 78-2015 Stormwater Harvesting System Design for Direct End-Use 802.1.1 Applications ASABE/ICC 802-2014* Landscape Irrigation Sprinkler and Emitter Standard 415.8, 415.13, 415.13.4

ASHRAE 90.1-2016 (I-P)* Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings 1004.6, Table 1005.2

ASHRAE 146-2011* Method of Testing Pool Heaters Table 1005.2

ASME A112.14.6-2010 (R2015) FOG (Fats, Oils, and Greases) Disposal Systems 407.4.1

ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1- Plumbing Supply Fittings 402.5.1, 402.5.2.1, 402.6 2018* ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1- Plumbing Fixtures 402.2.1, 402.2.2, 402.3 2018* ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4- Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures 402.3.1 2017* ASME A112.19.14-2013 (2018)* Six-Liter Water Closets Equipped With a Dual Flushing Device 402.2.1

ASME A112.19.19-2016* Nonwater Urinals 402.3.2

ASSE 1016/ASME A112.1016/ Performance Requirements for Automatic Compensating Valves for 402.8 CSA B125.16-2017* Individual Showers and Tub/Shower Combinations ASTM F2831-2012 (R2017)* Standard Practice for Internal Non Structural Epoxy Barrier Coating 303.2 Material Used in Rehabilitation of Metallic Pressurized Piping Systems CFR 10, 430, Subpart B Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products ― Test Proce- Table 1005.2 dures CFR 49, 178.274-2011 Specifications for UN Portable Tanks 505.5.1.3, 506.12.4, Appendix D CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124-2017* Plastic Plumbing Fixtures 402.3, 402.3.1

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 57 REFERENCED STANDARDS

STANDARD NUMBER-YEAR STANDARD TITLE REFERENCED SECTION CSA B651-2018 Accessible Design for the Built Environment 402.6.1(2)

EPA/625/R-04/108-2004 Guidelines for Water Reuse 601.7

EPA/625/R-92/013-2003 Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge 505.6.2

EPA WaterSense-2007 High-Efficiency Lavatory Faucet Specification, Version 1.0 402.5.1

EPA WaterSense-2009 Specification for Flushing Urinals 402.3, Table 402.1

EPA WaterSense-2010 Specification for Showerheads 402.6

EPA WaterSense-2011 Specification for Weather-Based Irrigation Controllers 415.6

EPA WaterSense-2014 Specification for Tank-Type Toilets 402.2.1, Table 402.1

EPA WaterSense 2015 Specification for Flushometer Valve Water Closets 402.2.2

IAPMO IGC 115-2013e1 Automatic Water Leak Detection and Control Devices 409.1

IAPMO IGC 207-2009a Reclaimed Water Conservation System for Flushing Toilets 604.7

IAPMO IGC 324-2016e1 Alternate Water Source Systems for Single-Family Dwellings Table 702.9(2), Table 802.9(2) IAPMO IGC 330-2018 Recirculating Shower Systems 402.12

IAPMO IGC 349-2018 Electronic Plumbing Supply System Integrity Protection Devices 409.1

IAPMO PS 76-2012a Trap Primers for Fill Valves and Flushometer Valves 416.1

IAPMO PS 92-2013e1 Heat Exchangers and Indirect Water Heaters 1009.1

IAPMO UMC 2018* Uniform Mechanical Code 101.6.3

IAPMO UPC 2018* Uniform Plumbing Code 103.6.4

IAPMO USEC 2018* Uniform Solar Energy Code 101.6.5

IAPMO USPSHTC 2018* Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa, and Hot Tub Code 101.6.6

ICC A117.1-2017* Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities 402.6.1(2)

NSF 14-2018* Plastics Piping System Components and Related Materials 302.1.1

NSF 41-2018* Non-Liquid Saturated Treatment Systems 502.1.1

NSF 44-2018* Residential Cation Exchange Water Softeners 406.1

NSF 53-2018* Drinking Water Treatment Units – Health Effects A 104.3.1

NSF 58-2018* Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems 406.3

NSF 61-2018* Drinking Water Systems Components - Health Effects A 103.2, A 104.5.1

NSF 350-2019* Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems 601.7, 604.7

58 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD REFERENCED STANDARDS

STANDARD NUMBER-YEAR STANDARD TITLE REFERENCED SECTION NSF P151-2014 Health Effects from Rainwater Catchment System Components A 103.1, A 103.2

WQA/ASPE S-803-2017* Sustainable Drinking Water Treatment Systems 406.4

* ANSI Approved

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 59 Abbreviations and Standards Development Organizations in Chapter 12 AHRI Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, 2111 Wilson Blvd., Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22201.

ANSI American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 W. 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.

ARCSA American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association, 7650 S. McClintock Drive, Suite 103, Tempe, AZ 85284.

APSP The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Ave., Alexandria, VA 22314.

ASHRAE The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. ASME The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.

ASPE American Society of Plumbing Engineers, 6400 Shafer Court Suite 350, Rosemont, IL 60018.

ASSE International American Society of Sanitary Engineering, 18927 Hickory Creek Drive, Suite 220, Mokena, IL 60448.

ASTM International American Society of Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

CSA Group Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1R3, Canada.

DOE US Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585.

EPA US Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Support Division, Office of Wastewater Management, Office of Water, Washington DC EPA US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnati, OH 45268. EPA WaterSense US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Wastewater Management (4204M), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20460. IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 4755 E. Philadelphia Street, Ontario, CA 91761. ICC International Code Council, 500 New Jersey Ave, NW, 6th Floor, Washington DC 20001.

NSF International National Sanitation Foundation, 789 Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140.

WQA Water Quality Association, 4151 Naperville Road, Lisle, IL 60532-3696.

60 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD APPENDIX A POTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

A 101.0 General. water catchment system requiring a permit without A 101.1 Scope. The provisions of this appendix shall apply approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. to the installation, construction, alteration, and repair of A 101.4 Product and Material Approval. potable rainwater catchment systems. A 101.4.1 Component Identification. System compo- A 101.2 System Design. Potable rainwater catchment nents shall be properly identified as to the manufacturer. systems complying with this appendix shall be designed by a A 101.4.2 Plumbing Materials and Systems. Pipe, person registered, licensed, or deemed competent by the pipe fittings, traps, fixtures, material, and devices used Authority Having Jurisdiction to perform potable rainwater in a potable rainwater system shall be listed or labeled catchment system design work. (third-party certified) by a listing agency (accredited A 101.3 Permit. It shall be unlawful for any person to conformity assessment body) and shall comply with the construct, install, or alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, approved applicable recognized standards referenced in or altered any potable rainwater catchment systems in a this standard and the plumbing code, and shall be free building or on a premise without first obtaining a permit to do from defects. Unless otherwise provided for in this stan- such work from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. dard, all materials, fixtures, or devices used or entering A 101.3.1 Plumbing Plan Submission. No permit into the construction of plumbing systems, or parts for any rainwater catchment system requiring a permit thereof, shall be submitted to the Authority Having Juris- shall be issued until complete plumbing plans, with diction for approval. appropriate data satisfactory to the Authority Having A 101.5 Maintenance and Inspection. Potable rainwater Jurisdiction, have been submitted and approved. No catchment systems and components shall be inspected and changes or connections shall be made to either the rain- maintained in accordance with Section A 101.5.1 through fall catchment or the potable water system within any Section A 101.5.3. site containing a rainwater catchment water system A 101.5.1 Frequency. Potable rainwater catchment without approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. systems and components shall be inspected and main- A 101.3.2 System Changes. No changes or connections tained in accordance with Table A 101.5.1 unless more shall be made to either the rainwater catchment system or frequent inspection and maintenance is required by the the potable water system within any site containing a rain- manufacturer.

TABLE A 101.5.1 MINIMUM POTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEM TESTING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FREQUENCY

DESCRIPTION MINIMUM FREQUENCY Inspect and clean filters and screens, and replace (if necessary) Every 3 months Inspect and verify that disinfection, filters and water quality treatment In accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and devices and systems are operational. Perform any water quality tests as the Authority Having Jurisdiction. required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Perform a water quality test for Total Coliform. If total coliform test is posi- After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter, tive, perform test for E.Coli. For a system where 25 different people or as directed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. consume water from the system over a 60 day period, a water quality test for cryptosporidium shall also be performed. Inspect and clear debris from rainwater gutters, downspouts, and roof Every 6 months washers. Inspect and clear debris from roof or other aboveground rainwater collection Every 6 months surface. Remove tree branches and vegetation overhanging roof or other above- As needed ground rainwater collection surface. Inspect pumps and verify operation. After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter. Inspect valves and verify operation. After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter. Inspect pressure tanks and verify operation. After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter. Clear debris and inspect storage tanks, locking devices, and verify operation. After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter. Inspect caution labels and marking. After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 61 POTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

A 101.5.2 Maintenance Log. A maintenance log for used as makeup water to the rainwater storage tank provided potable rainwater catchment systems shall be maintained the public or private potable water supply connection is by the property owner and be available for inspection. protected by an airgap or reduced-pressure principle backflow The property owner or designated appointee shall ensure preventer in accordance with the plumbing code. that a record of testing, inspection and maintenance as A 102.3 Backflow Prevention. The potable rainwater required by Table A 101.5.1 is maintained in the log. The catchment system shall be protected against backflow in log will indicate the frequency of inspection, and main- accordance with the plumbing code. tenance for each system. A record of the required water

quality tests shall be retained for not less than 2 years. A 103.0 Potable Rainfall Catchment System Materials. A 101.5.3 Maintenance Responsibility. The required maintenance and inspection of potable rainwater catch- A 103.1 Collections Surfaces. The collection surface for ment systems shall be the responsibility of the property potable applications shall be constructed of a hard, imper- owner, unless otherwise required by the Authority Having vious material and shall be approved for potable water use. Jurisdiction. Roof coatings, paints, and liners shall comply with NSF Protocol P151. A 101.6 Operation and Maintenance Manual. An oper- ation and maintenance manual for potable rainwater catch- A 103.1.1 Prohibited. Roof paints and coatings with ment systems shall be supplied to the building owner by the lead, chromium, or zinc are prohibited. Wood roofing system designer. The operating and maintenance manual shall material and lead flashing are prohibited. include the following: A 103.2 Rainwater Catchment System Drainage (1) Detailed diagram of the entire system and the location of Materials. Gutters and downspouts used in rainwater catch- all system components. ment drainage systems shall comply with NSF Protocol P151, and leaders and conductors shall be listed to NSF 61. (2) Instructions on operating and maintaining the system. A 103.3 Storage Tanks. Rainwater storage shall be in accor- (3) Details on maintaining the required water quality as dance with Section A 104.5. determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. A 103.4 Water Supply and Distribution Materials. (4) Details on deactivating the system for maintenance, Potable rainwater supply and distribution materials shall be in repair, or other purposes. accordance with the requirements of the plumbing code for (5) Applicable testing, inspection and maintenance frequen- potable water supply and distribution systems. cies as required by Table A 101.5.1. (6) A method of contacting the manufacturer(s). A 104.0 Design and Installation. A 101.7 Minimum Water Quality Requirements. The A 104.1 Collection Surfaces. Rainwater shall be collected minimum water quality for all potable rainwater catchment from roof or other cleanable aboveground surfaces specifically systems shall meet the applicable water quality requirements designed for rainwater catchment. Rainwater catchment as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction for system shall not collect rainwater from: private wells. (1) Vehicular parking surfaces. A 101.8 Material Compatibility. In addition to the (2) Surface water runoff. requirements of this appendix, potable rainwater catchment systems shall be constructed of materials that are compatible (3) Bodies of standing water. with the type of pipe and fitting materials and water condi- A 104.1.1 Prohibited Discharges. Overflows, conden- tions in the system. sate, and bleed-off pipes from roof-mounted equipment and A 101.9 System Controls. Controls for pumps, valves, and appliances shall not discharge onto roof surfaces that are other devices that contain mercury that come in contact with intended to collect rainwater. the water supply are prohibited. A 104.2 Minimum Water Quality. Upon initial system startup, the quality of the water for the intended applications shall be verified at the point(s) of use, as determined by the A 102.0 Connection. Authority Having Jurisdiction in accordance with Section A 102.1 General. No water piping supplied by a potable A 104.2.1 and Section A 104.2.2. Water quality maintenance rainwater catchment system shall be connected to any other shall be according to Section A 104.2.3. source of supply without the approval of the Authority A 104.2.1 Private Potable Water System. In the Having Jurisdiction, Health Department or other department absence of water quality requirements determined by the having jurisdiction. Authority Having Jurisdiction, the minimum water A 102.2 Connections to Public or Private Potable quality for a private potable water system at the point of Water Systems. Potable rainwater catchment systems shall use shall comply with Table A104.2.1. have no direct connection to any public or private potable water A 104.2.2 Public Use Occupancies. The minimum supply or alternate water source system. Potable water from a water quality for a potable water system for public use public or private potable water system shall be permitted to be

62 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD POTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

TABLE A 104.2.1 tanks shall be installed in accordance with Section A 104.5.1 MINIMUM WATER QUALITY through Section A 104.5.7. Escherichia coli (fecal coliform): Non-detectable A 104.5.1 Construction. Rainwater storage tanks Turbidity: <0.3 NTU shall be constructed of solid, durable materials not subject to excessive corrosion or decay and shall be occupancies at the point of use and testing procedures watertight. Storage tanks or storage tank liners and coat- shall comply with the Environmental Protection Agency ings shall be listed to NSF 61 and approved by the (EPA) Safe Drinking Water Act for a public water system. Authority Having Jurisdiction for potable water applica- A 104.2.3 Maintenance. Normal system maintenance tions, provided such tanks comply with approved appli- shall require system testing for Escherichia coli (fecal cable standards. coliform) and turbidity every 3 months in accordance A 104.5.2 Location. Rainwater storage tanks shall be with Table A 104.2.3. Upon failure of the fecal coliform installed above or below grade. test, system shall be re-commissioned involving cleaning, A 104.5.2.1 Above Grade. Above grade storage and retesting in accordance with section A104.2. tanks shall be of an opaque material, approved for A 104.3 Water Quality Devices and Equipment. aboveground use in direct sunlight, or shall be Devices and equipment used to treat rainwater to maintain shielded from direct sunlight. Tanks shall be the minimum water quality requirements determined by the installed in an accessible location to allow for Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be listed or labeled (third- inspection and cleaning. The tank shall be installed party certified) by a listing agency (accredited conformity on a foundation or platform that is constructed to assessment body) and approved for the intended application. accommodate all loads in accordance with the A 104.3.1 Filtration Devices. Potable water filters building code. shall comply with NSF 53 and shall be installed in accor- A 104.5.2.2 Below Grade. Rainwater storage tanks dance with manufacturer’s instructions. installed below grade shall be structurally designed to withstand all anticipated earth or other loads. TABLE A 104.2.3 Holding tank covers shall be capable of supporting an MINIMUM SYSTEM MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS earth load of not less than 300 pounds per square foot Escherichia coli (fecal coliform): Non-detectable (lb/ft2) (1465 kg/m2) when the tank is designed for Turbidity: <0.3 NTU underground installation. Below grade rainwater tanks installed underground shall be provided with manholes. The manhole opening shall be a minimum A 104.3.2 Disinfection Devices. Chlorination, diameter of 20 inches (508 mm) and located not less ozone, and ultraviolet or other disinfection methods shall than 4 inches (102 mm) above the surrounding grade. be approved by an Authority Having Jurisdiction, or the The surrounding grade shall be sloped away from the product shall be listed according to a microbiological manhole. Underground tanks shall be ballasted, reduction performance standard for drinking water used anchored, or otherwise secured, to prevent the tank to treat harvested rainwater to meet the required water from floating out of the ground when empty. The quality permitted. The disinfection devices and systems combined weight of the tank and hold down system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s should meet or exceed the buoyancy force of the tank. installation instructions and the conditions of listing. A 104.5.3 Drainage and Overflow. Rainwater Disinfection devices and systems shall be located down- storage tanks shall be provided with a means of draining stream of the water storage tank. and cleaning. The overflow drain shall not be equipped A 104.3.3 Filtration and Disinfection Systems. with a shutoff valve. The overflow outlet shall discharge Filtration and disinfection systems shall be located after as required by the plumbing code for storm drainage the water storage tank. Where a chlorination system is systems. Where discharging to the storm drainage installed, it shall be installed upstream of filtration system, the overflow drain shall be protected from back- systems. Where ultraviolet disinfection system is flow of the storm drainage system by a backwater valve installed, a minimum of 2 inline filters, one 5 micron or other approved method. (5 µm) filter followed by one 0.5-1 micron (0.5-1µm) A 104.5.3.1 Overflow Outlet Size. The overflow filter, shall be installed prior to the disinfection system. outlet shall be sized to accommodate the flow of the A 104.4 Overhanging Tree Branches and Vegetation. rainwater entering the tank and not less than the Tree branches and vegetation shall not be located over the aggregate cross-sectional area of the inflow pipes. roof or other aboveground rainwater collection surface. A 104.5.4 Opening and Access Protection. Where existing tree branch and vegetation growth extends A 104.5.4.1 Animals and Insects. Rainwater over the rainwater collection surface, it shall be removed as tank openings to the atmosphere shall be protected required in Section A 101.5. to prevent the entrance of insects, birds, or rodents A 104.5 Rainwater Storage Tanks. Rainwater storage into the tank.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 63 POTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

A 104.5.4.2 Human Access. Rainwater tank the debris screen shall be corrosion resistant and shall 1 access openings exceeding 12 inches (305 mm) in have openings no larger than ⁄2 of an inch (12.7 mm). diameter shall be secured to prevent tampering and A 104.9.3 Drain Discharge. Water drained from the unintended entry by either a lockable device or other roof washer or pre-filter shall be diverted away from the approved method. storage tank and discharged to a disposal area that does A 104.5.4.3 Exposure to Sunlight. Rainwater not cause property damage or erosion. Roof washer tank openings shall not be exposed to direct sunlight. drainage shall not drain over a public way. A 104.5.5 Inlets. A device or arrangement of fittings A 104.9.4 Automatic Drain. Roof washing systems shall be installed at the inlet of the tank to prevent rain- shall be provided with an automatic means of self water from disturbing sediment as it enters the tank. draining between rain events. A 104.5.6 Primary Tank Outlets. The primary tank A 104.10 Roof Gutters. Gutters shall maintain a minimum outlet shall be located not less than 4 inches (102 mm) slope and be sized in accordance with the plumbing code. above the bottom of the tank, or shall be provided with A 104.11 Drains, Conductors, and Leaders. The design floating inlet to draw water from the cistern just below and size of rainwater drains, conductors, and leaders shall be the water surface. in accordance with the plumbing code. A 104.5.7 Storage Tank Venting. Where venting by A 104.12 Size of Potable Water Piping. Potable rain- means of drainage or overflow piping is not provided or water system distribution piping shall be sized in accordance is considered insufficient, a vent shall be installed on with the plumbing code for sizing potable water piping. each tank. The vent shall extend from the top of the tank

and terminate a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above grade and shall be a minimum of 1 ½” (38 mm) in diam- A 105.0 Cleaning. eter. The vent terminal shall be directed downward and A 105.1 General. The interior surfaces of tanks and equip- covered with a 3/32 inch (2.4 mm) mesh screen to ment shall be clean before they are put into service. prevent the entry of vermin and insects. A 104.6 Pumps. Pumps serving rainwater catchment A 106.0 Supply System Inspection and Test. systems shall be listed for potable water use. Pumps A 106.1 General. Rainwater catchment systems shall be supplying water to water closets, urinals, and trap primers inspected and tested in accordance with the applicable provi- shall be capable of delivering not less than the minimum sions of the plumbing code for testing of potable water and residual pressure required by the highest and most remote storm drainage systems. Storage tanks shall be filled with outlet served. Where the water pressure in the rainwater water to the overflow opening for a period of 24 hours and supply system within the building exceeds 80 psi (552 kPa), during inspection or by other means as approved by the a pressure reducing valve reducing the pressure to 80 psi Authority Having Jurisdiction. All seams and joints shall be (552 kPa) or less to water outlets in the building shall be exposed during inspection and checked for water tightness. installed in accordance with the plumbing code. A 104.7 Roof Drains. Primary and secondary roof drains, conductors, leaders, overflows, and gutters shall be designed and installed as required by the plumbing code. A 104.8 Freeze Protection. Tanks and piping installed in locations subject to freezing shall be provided with an adequate means of freeze protection. A 104.9 Roof Washer or Pre-Filtration System. Collected rainwater shall pass through a roof washer or pre- filtration system before the water enters the rainwater storage tank. Roof washer systems shall comply with Section A 104.9.1 through Section A 104.9.4. A 104.9.1 Size. The roof washer shall be sized to direct a sufficient volume of rainwater containing debris that has accumulated on the collection surface away from the storage tank. The ARCSA/ASPE 63 Standard contains additional guidance on acceptable methods of sizing roof washers. A 104.9.2 Debris Screen. The inlet to the roof washer shall be provided with a debris screen or other approved means that protects the roof washer from the intrusion of debris and vermin. Where the debris screen is installed,

64 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD APPENDIX B VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

B 101.0 Vacuum Drainage Systems. created by the vacuum source within the system without B 101.1 General. This section regulates the design and leakage or collapse. Sizing the piping network shall be in installation provisions for vacuum waste drainage systems. accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The Plans for vacuum waste drainage systems shall be submitted water closet outlet fitting shall connect with a piping to the Authority Having Jurisdiction for approval and shall network having not less than a 11⁄2 inch (40 mm) nominal be considered an engineered designed system. Such plans inside diameter. shall be prepared by a registered design professional to B 101.2.4 Vacuum Interface Valve. A closed vacuum perform plumbing design work. Details are necessary to interface valve shall be installed to separate the piping ensure compliance with the requirements of this section, network vacuum from atmospheric pressure. A control together with a full description of the complete installation device shall open the vacuum interface valve where a including quality, grade of materials, equipment, construc- signal is generated to remove waste from the plumbing tion, and methods of assembly and installation. Components, fixture. materials, and equipment shall comply with Section 302.1 or B 101.2.5 Control Components. Where a pneumatic approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other signal is generated at the controller, a vacuum from the national consensus standards applicable to plumbing systems system to open the extraction valve shall be designed to and materials. Where such standards and specifications are operate where vacuum pressure exists to remove the not available, alternate materials and equipment shall be accumulated waste. Each tank shall incorporate a level approved in accordance with Section 102.0. indicator switch that automatically controls the discharge B 101.2 System Design. Vacuum waste drainage systems pump and warns of malfunction or blockage as follows: shall be designed and installed in accordance with the manu- (1) Start discharge. facturer’s installation instructions. A vacuum waste drainage (2) Stop discharge. system shall include a vacuum generating system, waste collection center, piping network, vacuum valve, and control (3) Activate an audible alarm where the level of effluent components used to isolate the vacuum piping network from is usually high. atmospheric pressure and to collect waste at its point of (4) Warning of system shutdown where tank is full. origin. Where a vacuum system provides the only means of B 101.3 Fixtures. Fixtures utilized in a vacuum waste sanitation, duplicate vacuum generating equipment set to drainage system shall comply with Section 302.1. Compo- operate automatically shall be installed to allow the system nents shall be of corrosion resistant materials. The water closet to continue in operation during periods of maintenance. outlet shall be able to pass a 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter ball B 101.2.1 Vacuum Generating System. The vacuum and shall have a smooth, impervious surface. The waste outlet generating station shall include vacuum pumps to create and passages shall be free of obstructions, recesses, or cham- a constant vacuum pressure within the piping network bers that are capable of permitting fouling. The mechanical and storage tanks. The discharge from the tank shall be valve and its seat shall be of such materials and design to through an air gap in accordance with the plumbing code. provide a leak-free connection where at atmospheric pressure Operation of pumps, collection tanks, and alarms shall be or under vacuum. The flushing mechanism shall be so automated by controls. The vacuum pumps shall be acti- designed as to ensure proper cleansing of the interior surfaces vated on demand and accessible for repair or replacement. during the flushing cycle at a minimum operating flow rate. The vent from the vacuum pump shall be provided for Mechanical seal mechanisms shall withdraw completely from vacuum pump air exhaust, and shall be of a size capable the path of the waste discharge during flushing operation. Each of handling the total air volume of the vacuum pump. mechanical seal vacuum water closet shall be equipped with a B 101.2.2 Waste Collection Center or Storage listed vacuum breaker. The vacuum breaker shall be mounted Tanks. Vacuum collection center or storage tanks shall with the critical level or marking not less than 1 inch (25.4 be of such capacity as to provide storage of waste to mm) above the flood-level rim of the fixture. Vacuum breakers prevent fouling of the system. Such collection or storage shall be installed on the discharge side of the last control valve tank shall be capable of withstanding 150 percent of the in the potable water supply line and shall be located so as to rated vacuum (negative pressure) created by the vacuum be protected from physical damage and contamination. source without leakage or collapse. Waste collection B 101.4 Drainage Fixture Units. Drainage fixture units center or storage tanks shall be accessible for adjustment, shall be determined by the manufacturer’s instructions. The repair, or replacement. pump discharge load from the collector tanks shall be in B 101.2.3 Piping Network. The piping network shall accordance with this appendix. be under a continuous vacuum and shall be designed to B 101.5 Water Supply Fixture Units. Water supply fixture withstand 150 percent of the vacuum (negative pressure) units shall be determined by the manufacturer’s instructions.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 65 VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

B 101.6 Materials. Materials used for water distribution pipe and fittings shall be in accordance with the plumbing code. Materials used for aboveground drainage shall be in accordance with the plumbing code and shall have a smooth bore, and be constructed of non-porous material. B 101.7 Traps and Cleanouts. Traps and cleanouts shall be installed in accordance with the plumbing code. B 101.8 Testing. The entire vacuum waste system shall be subjected to a vacuum test of 29 inches of mercury (98 kPa) or not less than the working pressure of the system for 30 minutes. The system shall be gastight and watertight at all points. Verification of test results shall be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. B 101.9 Manufacturer’s Instructions. Manufacturer’s instructions shall be provided for the purpose of providing information regarding safe and proper operating instructions whether or not as part of the condition of listing in order to determine compliance. Such instructions shall be submitted and approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

66 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD APPENDIX C PEAK WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR (This Appendix is based on the technical paper entitled “Peak Water Demand Study.” A copy of the paper is available for download at: www.iapmo.org/WEStand/Pages/default.aspx)

C 101.0 General. example. C 101.1 Applicability. This appendix provides a method for C 102.4 Fixture Branches and Fixture Supplies. To estimating the demand load for the building water supply and determine the design flow rate for fixture branches and risers, principal branches for single- and multi-family dwellings with enter the total number of plumbing fixtures and appliances water-conserving plumbing fixtures, fixture fittings, and for the fixture branch or riser in Column [B] of the Water appliances. Demand Calculator and run Calculator. The flow rate for one fixture branch and one fixture supply shall be the design flow C 102.0 Demand Load. rate of the fixture according to Table C 102.1. C 102.1 Water-Conserving Fixtures. Plumbing fixtures, C 102.5 Continuous Supply Demand. Continuous sup- fixture fittings, and appliances shall not exceed the design ply demands in gallons per minute (gpm) for lawn sprinklers, flow rate in Table C 102.1. air conditioners, hose bibbs, etc., shall be added to the total C 102.2 Water Demand Calculator. The estimated design estimated demand for the building supply as determined by flow rate for the building supply and principal branches and Section C 102.3. Where there is more than one hose bibb risers shall be determined by the IAPMO Water Demand Cal- installed on the plumbing system, the demand for only one culator available for download at: hose bibb shall be added to the total estimated demand for the www.iapmo.org/Water-Demand-Calculator/ building supply. Where a hose bibb is installed on a fixture branch, the demand of the hose bibb shall be added to the design flow rate for the fixture branch as determined by Sec- TABLE C 102.1 DESIGN FLOW RATE FOR WATER-CONSERVING PLUMBING tion C 102.4. FIXTURES AND APPLIANCES IN RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES C 102.6 Other Fixtures. Fixtures not included in Table C 102.1 shall be added in Rows 12 through 14 in the Water MAXIMUM DESIGN Demand Calculator as Other Fixture. The probability of use FIXTURE AND APPLIANCE FLOW RATE (gallons per minute) and flow rate for Other Fixtures shall be added by selecting a comparable probability of use and flow rate from Columns Bar Sink 1.5 [C] and [E]. Bathtub 5.5 C 102.7 Size of Water Piping per Appendix A. Except as provided in Section C 102.0 for estimating the demand 2.0 load for single- and multi-family dwellings, the size of each Clothes Washer1 3.5 water piping system shall be determined in accordance with the procedure set forth in Appendix A of the 2021 UPC. Combination Bath/Shower 5.5 After determining the permissible friction loss per 100 feet Dishwasher1 1.3 of pipe in accordance with Section A 104.0 and the demand flow in accordance with the Water Demand Calculator, the Kitchen Faucet 2.2 diameter of the building supply pipe, branches and risers Laundry Faucet (with aerator) 2.0 shall be obtained from Chart A 105.1(1), Chart A 105.1(2), Lavatory Faucet 1.5 Chart A 105.1(3), Chart A 105.1(4), Chart A 105.1(5), Chart A 105.1(6), or Chart A 105.1(7) whichever is applicable, in Shower, per head 2.0 accordance with Section A 105.0 and Section A 106.0. Water Closet, 1.28 GPF Gravity Tank 3.0 Velocities shall be in accordance with Section A 107.1. Appendix I Installation Standard 31-2014 of the 2021 UPC, For SI units: 1 gallon per minute = 0.06 L/s 1 Figure 3 and Figure 4 shall be permitted when sizing PEX Clothes washers and dishwashers shall have an energy star label. systems.

C 102.3 Meter and Building Supply. To determine the design flow rate for the water meter and building supply, enter the total number of indoor plumbing fixtures and appli- ances for the building in Column [B] of the Water Demand Calculator and run Calculator. See Table C 102.3 for an

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 67 PEAK WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR

TABLE C 102.3 WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR EXAMPLE [B] [C] [D] [E] [A] ENTER NUMBER OF PROBABILITY ENTER FIXTURE MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED FIX- FIXTURE FIXTURES OF USE (%) FLOW RATE (GPM) TURE FLOW RATE (GPM) 1 Bar Sink 0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2 Bathtub 0 1.0 5.5 5.5 3 Bidet 0 1.0 2.0 2.0 4 Clothes Washer 1 5.5 3.5 3.5 5 Combination Bath/Shower 1 5.5 5.5 5.5 6 Dishwasher 1 0.5 1.3 1.3 7 Kitchen Faucet 1 2.0 2.2 2.2 8 Laundry Faucet 0 2.0 2.0 2.0 9 Lavatory Faucet 1 2.0 1.5 1.5 10 Shower, per head 0 4.5 2.0 2.0 11 Water Closet, 1.28 GPF Gravity Tank 1 1.0 3.0 3.0 12 Other Fixture 1 0 0.0 0.0 6.0 13 Other Fixture 2 0 0.0 0.0 6.0 14 Other Fixture 3 0 0.0 0.0 6.0

Total Number of Fixtures 6 RUN WATER DEMAND RESET 99th Percentile Demand Flow = 8.5 GPM CALCULATOR

C 102.8 Examples Illustrating Use of Water Demand Calculator with Appendix A. Example 1: Indoor Water Use Only – Use the information given below to find the pipe size for the building supply to a res- idential building with six indoor fixtures as shown in Figure 1 [Pipe Section 4]. Given Information: Type of construction: Residential, one- Friction loss per 100 ft: 15 psi Type of pipe material: L-copper Maximum velocity: 10 ft/s Fixture number/type: 1 combination bath/shower 1 kitchen faucet 1 lavatory faucet 1 dishwasher 1 WC 1 clothes washer

Solution: Step 1 of 2 – Find Demand Load for the Build- ing Supply The Water Demand Calculator [WDC] in Figure 2 is used to determine the demand load expected from indoor water use. The WDC has white-shaded cells and gray-shaded cells. The values in the gray cells are derived from a national survey of indoor water use at homes with efficient fixtures and cannot be changed. The white-shaded cells accept input from the designer. For instance, fixture counts from the given information are entered in Column [B]; the corresponding recommended fix- ture flow rates are already provided in Column [D]. The flow rates in Column [D] may be reduced only if the manufacturer specifies a lower flow rate for the fixture. Column [E] estab- lishes the upper limits for the flow rates entered into Column [D]. Clicking the Run Water Demand Calculator button gives 8.5 gpm as the estimated indoor water demand for the whole building. This result appears in the dark gray box of the FIGURE 1 WDC in Figure 2. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WITH SIX INDOOR FIXTURES

68 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD PEAK WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR

[B] [C] [D] [E] [A] ENTER NUMBER OF PROBABILITY ENTER FIXTURE MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED FIX- FIXTURE FIXTURES OF USE (%) FLOW RATE (GPM) TURE FLOW RATE (GPM) 1 Bar Sink 0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2 Bathtub 0 1.0 5.5 5.5 3 Bidet 0 1.0 2.0 2.0 4 Clothes Washer 1 5.5 3.5 3.5 5 Combination Bath/Shower 1 5.5 5.5 5.5 6 Dishwasher 1 0.5 1.3 1.3 7 Kitchen Faucet 1 2.0 2.2 2.2 8 Laundry Faucet 0 2.0 2.0 2.0 9 Lavatory Faucet 1 2.0 1.5 1.5 10 Shower, per head 0 4.5 2.0 2.0 11 Water Closet, 1.28 GPF Gravity Tank 1 1.0 3.0 3.0 12 Other Fixture 1 0 0.0 0.0 6.0 13 Other Fixture 2 0 0.0 0.0 6.0 14 Other Fixture 3 0 0.0 0.0 6.0

Total Number of Fixtures 6 RUN WATER DEMAND RESET 99th Percentile Demand Flow = 8.5 GPM CALCULATOR

FIGURE 2 WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR FOR INDOOR USE AT HOME WITH SIX EFFICIENT FIXTURES (EXAMPLE 1).

Solution: Step 2 of 2 – Determine the Pipe Size of the sizes for L-copper pipe. These intersection points are labeled Building Supply B, C, D, E and correspond to pipe sizes of 1 inch, ¾ inch, Chart A 105.1(1) for copper piping systems (from Appendix ½ inch and 3/8 inch, respectively. A horizontal line from A of the UPC, shown in Figure 3) is used to determine the points B, C, D, E to the right-hand side of the chart gives max- pipe size, based on given friction loss, given maximum allow- imum flow rates of 24 gpm, 12 gpm, 4.5 gpm, and 2.3 gpm, able pipe velocity, given pipe material and the demand load respectively. These results are summarized in Table 1 which computed in Step 1. In Figure 3, the intersection of the given shows that a ¾-inch L-copper line is the minimum size that friction loss (15 psi) and the maximum allowable pipe veloc- can convey the peak water demand of 8.5 gpm. ity (10 ft/s) is labeled point A. The vertical line that descends from point A to the base of the chart, intersects four nominal

TABLE 1 PIPE SIZE OPTIONS FOR BUILDING SUPPLY PIPE DIAMETER MAXIMUM FLOW POINT IN FIGURE 3 OK FOR BUILDING SUPPLY1 (INCH) (GPM) 3 E /8 2.3 No 1 D /2 4.5 No 3 C /4 12 Yes B 1 24 Yes 1 For Building in Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 69 PEAK WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR

CHART A 105.1(1)

A (gallons per minute) FLOW

B

C

D

E

FRICTION LOSS IN HEAD (pounds-force per square inch) PER 100-FOOT LENGTH FIGURE 3 CHART A 105.1(1) FOR FINDING PIPE SIZE

Example 2: Indoor and Outdoor Water Use – Find the pipe tion process. Because fixtures for outdoor water use may oper- size for the building supply [Figure 1, Pipe Section 4] if the ate continuously for very long periods, they are not included building in Example 1 adds two outdoor fixtures (hose bibbs, in the WDC. To account for water use from one or more out- each with a fixture flow of 2.0 gpm). door fixtures, add the demand of the single outdoor fixture Solution: Step 1 of 2 – Find Demand Load for the Build- with the highest flowrate to the calculated demand for indoor ing Supply water use. With two hose bibbs, the demand of only one hose The WDC has been developed exclusively for peak indoor bibb is included. Hence, in this example, the total demand for water use which can be viewed as a high frequency short dura- the whole house is 8.5 gpm + 2.0 gpm = 10.5 gpm.

70 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD PEAK WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR

Solution: Step 2 of 2 – Determine the Pipe Size of the Example 4: Sizing Branches and Risers Building Supply For individual hot and cold branches, repeat Steps 1 and 2. Table 1 shows that at 10.5 gpm the building supply shall be For example, for the hot water branch at the water heater [Fig- ¾-inch in diameter. ure 1, Pipe Section 3], enter all the fixtures and appliances Example 3: Indoor, Outdoor and Other Fixture Water that use hot water into the Water Demand Calculator (toilets Use – Find the pipe size for the water supply [Figure 1, Pipe will be excluded) as seen in Figure 5. Use the calculated Section 4] if the building in Example 2 adds a kitchen pot demand load to find the pipe size in Step 2. Table 1 shows filler and a dog bath each with a faucet flow rate of 5.5 gpm. that at 7.7 gpm, the hot water branch shall be ¾-inch in diam- Solution: Step 1 of 2 – Find Demand Load for the Build- eter. ing Supply For each additional hot and cold branch [Figure 1, Pipe Sec- The kitchen pot filler and dog bath are not listed in Column tions 1 and 2], enter the number of fixtures and appliances [A] of the WDC. To accommodate cases such as this, the served by that branch into the WDC and use that demand in WDC provides up to three additional rows for “Other Fix- Step 2 to determine the branch size. If the branch serves a tures.” Enter the kitchen pot filler and dog bath in Column hose bibb, add the demand of the hose bibb to the calculated [A] of the WDC and enter the fixture count for each in Col- demand flow for the branch. As discussed in Example 2, the umn [B]. Find an indoor fixture that has a similar probabil- hose bibb is not to be entered into WDC, since the Calcula- ity of use in Column [C] and add that to the column. Finally, tor is for indoor uses only. enter the flow rate of the kitchen pot filler and dog bath in When there is only one fixture or appliance served by a fix- Column [D]. The estimated indoor water demand for the ture branch, the demand flow shall not exceed the fixture flow whole building is 11 gpm, as shown in the WDC in Figure 4. rate in Column [E] of the Water Demand Calculator. The fix- As illustrated in Example 2, the hose bibb will increase the ture flow rate would be used in Step 2 to determine the size total demand for the whole house to 13 gpm. of the fixture branch and supply. Note that a reset button is provided to clear any numbers in Column [B] from a previous calculation. Solution: Step 2 of 2 – Determine the Pipe Size of the Building Supply Table 1 shows that at 13 gpm the building supply shall be 1- inch in diameter.

[B] [C] [D] [E] [A] ENTER NUMBER OF PROBABILITY ENTER FIXTURE MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED FIX- FIXTURE FIXTURES OF USE (%) FLOW RATE (GPM) TURE FLOW RATE (GPM) 1 Bar Sink 0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2 Bathtub 0 1.0 5.5 5.5 3 Bidet 0 1.0 2.0 2.0 4 Clothes Washer 1 5.5 3.5 3.5 5 Combination Bath/Shower 1 5.5 5.5 5.5 6 Dishwasher 1 0.5 1.3 1.3 7 Kitchen Faucet 1 2.0 2.2 2.2 8 Laundry Faucet 0 2.0 2.0 2.0 9 Lavatory Faucet 1 2.0 1.5 1.5 10 Shower, per head 0 4.5 2.0 2.0 11 Water Closet, 1.28 GPF Gravity Tank 1 1.0 3.0 3.0 12 Kitchen Pot Filler 1 2.0 5.5 6.0 13 Dog Bath 1 1.0 5.5 6.0 14 Other Fixture 3 0 0.0 0.0 6.0

Total Number of Fixtures 8 RUN WATER DEMAND RESET 99th Percentile Demand Flow = 11.0 GPM CALCULATOR

FIGURE 4 WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR TO ACCOMMODATE OTHER FIXTURES (EXAMPLE 3).

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 71 PEAK WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR

[B] [C] [D] [E] [A] ENTER NUMBER OF PROBABILITY ENTER FIXTURE MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED FIX- FIXTURE FIXTURES OF USE (%) FLOW RATE (GPM) TURE FLOW RATE (GPM) 1 Bar Sink 0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2 Bathtub 0 1.0 5.5 5.5 3 Bidet 0 1.0 2.0 2.0 4 Clothes Washer 1 5.5 3.5 3.5 5 Combination Bath/Shower 1 5.5 5.5 5.5 6 Dishwasher 1 0.5 1.3 1.3 7 Kitchen Faucet 1 2.0 2.2 2.2 8 Laundry Faucet 0 2.0 2.0 2.0 9 Lavatory Faucet 1 2.0 1.5 1.5 10 Shower, per head 0 4.5 2.0 2.0 11 Water Closet, 1.28 GPF Gravity Tank 0 1.0 3.0 3.0 12 Other Fixture 1 0 0.0 0.0 6.0 13 Other Fixture 2 0 0.0 0.0 6.0 14 Other Fixture 3 0 0.0 0.0 6.0

Total Number of Fixtures 5 RUN WATER DEMAND RESET 99th Percentile Demand Flow = 7.7 GPM CALCULATOR

FIGURE 5 WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR FOR THE HOT WATER BRANCH (EXAMPLE 4).

72 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD APPENDIX D COMPOSTING TOILET AND URINE DIVERSION INSPECTION CHECKLIST

D 101.0 General. D 201.0 Composting Toilet and Urine Diversion D 101.1 Applicability. This appendix provides an inspec- Inspection Checklist. This section includes the inspection tion checklist for composting toilet and urine diversion checklist form. systems designed in accordance with Section 502.1.2. This is only a general checklist and is not intended to address all the provisions required by Section 502.1.2.

System Materials and Components  Verify that the system is approved by the AHJ as indicated in the approved design.  All components expected to contact excreta or leachate shall be constructed of corrosion resistant material such as stain- less steel or durable polymers (ABS, PVC Schedule 40, Polypropylene, High-density polyethylene, Fiber-reinforced poly- ester, or material of equivalent durability).

Concrete Construction  Verify site built concrete mix, loading weight.  Site built concrete construction shall be reinforced and without cracking, spaulding or other observed faults.  Verify site built concrete watertightness.  Verify site built concrete adequate drainage where required; Floors of processors shall be sloped not less than ¼-inch per foot. Note; The flange of each sub-drain shall be set level.

Commode  If commode uses repurposed container for transporting excreta into compost processor, container meets third part listing by a listing agency, including US 49 CFR Section 178.274 Specifications for UN Portable Tanks.

Compost Processors  Compost processors shall have a leachate collection, recirculation, evaporation, or drainage system. See also Leachate Storage Tank checklist.  Compost processor is rodent proof. No unsecured opening other than vents, drainage, or commode may exceed ½-inch in the least dimension.  All composting processors shall be labeled and protected from human contact, surface water and precipitation.  Compost processor must pass a water tightness test by filling the system to the maximum designed liquid storage capacity of the unit for a duration of 24 hours.  Where unprocessed excreta or diverted urine is transferred from commode to processor(s), provide tools and cleaning materials as described in the owner's manual.  Commodes connected to compost processor without a trap shall maintain negative ventilation. If compost processor is not connected to the commode no vent is required.  Vent stacks terminate at exterior of the building as required by the plumbing or mechanical code.  The compost processor is sized in accordance with the approved design.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 73 COMPOSTING TOILET AND URINE DIVERSION INSPECTION CHECKLIST

Leachate Storage Tanks  Leachate storage tanks, where provided, shall be constructed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naptha- late (PEN), polyamide (Nylon) or a blend of PET, PEN, ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH), Nylon, HDPE, or other tanks listed or certified to US 49 CFR Section 178.274 Specifications for UN Portable Tanks.  Above grade storage tanks are prohibited where subject to freezing conditions or shall be provided with an adequate means of freeze protection. The above grade leachate storage tank shall be provided with a high-water alarm. The alarm shall report when 80 percent volume is reached.  Where openings are provided to allow a person to enter the tank, the opening is marked "DANGER-CONFINED SPACE."  All openings are covered and secured to prevent tampering. Openings shall be screened or covered to prevent rodent infil- tration and be protected against unauthorized human entry.  Below grade storage tanks shall be in accordance with the approved design.  If pressure equalization vents are specified in the design, they are installed as designed.  The connection of storage tank vents to the plumbing venting system shall be six inches above the flood level rim of the highest fixture.  Vents extending to the outdoor shall terminate no less than 12-inches above grade.  The vent terminal shall be directed downward and covered with a 3/32-inch mesh screen to prevent the entry of vermin and insects.  Where storage tank overflows are installed they shall be connected to the plumbing drainage system.  All leachate storage tanks shall have a high-water alarm. The alarm shall report when 80 percent volume is reached.  Storage tank overflows shall be provided with a backwater valve or check valve at the point of connection to the plumbing drainage system when connected to a public sewer system. The backwater valve shall be accessible for inspections and maintenance.

Urine Storage Tanks  Below grade urine storage tanks shall be in accordance with the approved design.  Above grade storage urine storage tanks are constructed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene napthalate (PEN), polyamide (Nylon) or a blend of PET, PEN, ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH), Nylon, HDPE, or other tanks listed or certified to US 49 CFR Section 178.274 Specifications for UN Portable Tanks.  Above grade storage tanks are prohibited where subject to freezing conditions or shall be provided with an adequate means of freeze protection.  If a vent is required for pressure equalization, then the vent shall extend above the top of the tank.  The connection of storage tank vents to the plumbing venting system shall be six inches above the flood level rim of the highest fixture.  Vents extending to the outdoor shall terminate no less than 12-inches above grade.  Vent terminal is directed downward and covered with a 3/32-inch mesh screen to prevent the entry of vermin and insects.  Pressure equalization vents that prevent nitrogen loss by the use of restrictions or use of piping or tubing that is less than the minimum pipe diameter required in the plumbing code shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.  If storage tank overflows are installed they shall be connected to a plumbing drainage system.  Storage tank overflows have a backwater valve or check valve at the point of connection to the plumbing drainage system when connected to a public sewer system.  The backwater valve is accessible for inspections and maintenance.  Storage tank trap is a P-trap, mechanical trap, submerged inlet piping, or other means approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Urine storage tanks of five gallons or less connected to fixtures with active ventilation or having an integrated seal do not require traps.  If submerged inlet piping is used as trap, the inlet piping must remain submerged during use and after pumpout.

74 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD COMPOSTING TOILET AND URINE DIVERSION INSPECTION CHECKLIST

Urine Diversion System  Material used for urine diversion shall be stainless steel or non-metallic pipe. Concrete piping is prohibited.  Urine diversion piping is identifiable and labeled. Pipe diameters are sized in accordance with AHJ and the plumbing code.  Where unprocessed urine is transferred from commode to processor(s), provide tools and cleaning materials as described in the owner's manual.  Changes in direction of urine diversion piping shall be made by a long-sweep 90-degree fitting or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep.  Fixtures discharging into urine diversion piping connected to the plumbing drainage system shall be trapped and vented according to the plumbing code.  Urine diversion piping is installed at a minimum grade of ½- inch per foot, or 4 percent toward the point of disposal.  Urine is diverted to a storage tank or an approved plumbing drainage system.  A maintenance plan shall be included per the design system.

Cleanouts  Cleanouts installed at each aggregate horizontal change of direction exceeding 135 degrees.  A cleanout provided at the upper terminal of each drain line every 50 feet.

Venting  Commode fixtures connected directly to compost processor(s) without traps require a ventilation system.  Nonwater urinals used as urine diversion systems shall be connected to a dry toilet ventilation stack or a urine diversion ventilation stack.

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 75 COMPOSTING TOILET AND URINE DIVERSION INSPECTION CHECKLIST

Operation & Maintenance Manual: An owner's manual is on site and accessible to the inspector and includes the following:

Product information  Model/Serial number  Product certification references  Intended treatment capacity with regard to number of users and uses per day  Initial setup Start up and operation  Schedule for addition of necessary compost additives.  Source or provider of necessary compost additives. Source may be on-site.  Schedule and instructions for all regular maintenance tasks.  Expected input of and capacity for excreta and compost additives to compost toilet system specifying loading of commode(s) and compost processor(s). Annual Maintenance  Plan for container transfer and cleaning where transfer is used.  Expected schedule for removing humus from composting processors and where used secondary composting bins.  Plan for on-site disposal of humus or professional removal.  Plan for managing leachate.  Special conditions; cold climate operation and/or winterization. Testing  Plan for microbial testing.  Humus Sampling  A laboratory is under contract to perform testing of finished compost.  A sample of the previous treatment period shall be on-hand with fecal coliform/gram results. Troubleshooting  Guide to troubleshooting basic operating functions.

76 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD INDEX

– A – COMMISSIONING...... 205.0, 702.9, ACCESSIBLE ...... 203.0, Table 411.1, 418.2, 703.0, 802.9, 803.0 505.5.1.2.1, 506.12.3.1, 601.3.1, COMPOSTING TOILETS ...... 205.0, 304.1, 602.2.2, 602.5, 602.13.5, 603.9, 304.2, 402.3.1, Chapter 5 702.10.3, 802.10.3, 903.5.3, Compost Processors ...... 205.0, 505.5, 903.10, 1002.2, 1009.1, 505.6.1 A 104.5.2.1, B 101.2.1, B 101.2.2 Design Requirements...... 502.1, 505.1 AIR GAP, DRAINAGE ...... 203.0, 412.4.5, B 101.2.1 Humus ...... 210.0, 504.2, 505.5.6, AIR GAP, WATER 505.5.7, 505.6.2, 505.7 DISTRIBUTION Inspection Checklist...... Appendix D Definition ...... 203.0 Maintenance...... 504.0, 506.13 ALTERNATE MATERIALS...... 102.0, B 101.1 Secondary Composting ...... 221.0, 504.2, ALTERNATE WATER 505.5.6, 505.5.7 SOURCE ...... 203.0, 410.1, 415.5, Testing...... 505.6 415.5.1, 415.5.2, 416.1, CONDENSATE RECOVERY ...... 413.0 Chapter 6, Table 901.5.1, 902.4 CONDITIONED SPACE ...... 205.0, 404.2.1 903.14.2.2, A 101.7, A 102.2 CONNECTIONS ...... 106.0, 304.2, 602.7, 603.4, ALTERATIONS AND 604.4, 902.4 REPAIRS ...... 101.4.1, 101.6.2, Energy ...... 106.2 101.6.3, 504.1.3, 1004.4 Plumbing System...... 304.2 AUTHORITY HAVING Potable and Reclaimed JURISDICTION (Recycled) Water ...... 602.7, 603.4, 604.4, Definition ...... 203.0 702.10.1, 802.10.1, 902.4 Public or Private Potable – B – Water ...... A 102.2 BACKFLOW Temporary ...... 106.3 Prevention...... 402.3.1, 404.2.3, 414.1, CONTROLS 603.4, 902.4, A 102.2, A 102.3 Outlet Temperature ...... 1005.5.2 Protection...... 415.4 Recirculation Pump...... 1002.2 BACKWATER VALVES ...... 505.5.1.2.1, 506.12.3.1, Service Water Heating 602.6, 602.13.7, 702.10.3, System ...... 1005.5 802.10.3, 903.5.5, A 104.5.3 Subsurface Irrigation...... 602.15.1.5 BALANCING ...... System ...... 601.9, 901.9, A 101.9 System...... 1002.4 Temperature Maintenance ...... 1002.3 Flow Balancing Valves ...... 1002.5 Temperature ...... 1005.5.1 BLACKWATER...... 204.0, Chapter 7 Vacuum Drainage ...... B 101.2.5 BUILDING CODE...... 101.6.1, 204.0, 903.5.3, CONTINUOUS SUPPLY 1007.1, A 104.5.2.1 DEMAND ...... C 102.5 BUILDlNG WATER COOLING TOWERS...... 412.2, 412.3, SUPPLY...... C 101.1, C 102.2, Table 411.1, 902.1, Table 903.4 C 102.3, C 102.5, CROSS-CONNECTION ...... 205.0, 601.11.2, C 102.7, C 102.8 601.11.2.2, 601.11.2.3, 603.5, 604.5, Table 601.5.1, – C – 702.10.6, 802.10.6, 902.5, CATCH CAN TEST 903.2, 903.14.2, 903.14.2.2, Definition ...... 205.0 903.14.2.3, Table 901.5.1 CHALLENGE TEST ...... 205.0, 702.7, 802.7 CLOTHES WASHERS...... 225.0, 403.2, 601.3.1, – D – 602.5, 701.2, Table 702.9(1), DEBRIS EXCLUDER ...... 206.0, 903.10, Table 903.4 801.2, Table 802.9(1), DEBRIS SCREEN...... A 104.9.2 Table 903.4, Table C 102.1, DEDICATED METER ...... 206.0, 411.1, 411.2, Table C 102.3 Table 411.1 COMBINATION OVENS ...... 205.0, 407.3, 407.7 DEMAND LOAD ...... C 102.0, C 102.8

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 77 INDEX

DISHWASHERS ...... 403.1, 407.7, 1003.7.1, – G – Table C 102.1, Table C102.3 GANG SHOWERS ...... 209.0, 402.6.1(1) DISINFECTION...... 412.5.2, Table 601.5.1, GEOTHERMAL 604.10.2, Table 901.5.1, Definition ...... 209.0 Table 903.4, Table A 101.5.1, GRAY WATER A 104.3.2, A 104.3.3 Controls...... 602.15.1.5 DRAWINGS AND Definition ...... 209.0 SPECIFICATIONS...... 101.3, 103.0, 602.11 Discharge ...... 602.3, 602.12 DRINKING FOUNTAINS ...... 402.11 Diverter...... 209.0, 602.2.1 DRY WEATHER RUNOFF Field Definition ...... 206.0 Subsoil ...... 221.0, 602.13.3, 602.15 Subsurface ...... 221.0, 602.13.4, 602.14, 602.15 – E – Maintenance...... 601.5.2, 601.6, 602.19 EMITTERS Location...... 602.10, 602.8, Table 602.8 Low Flow ...... 214.0, 415.11, 415.8, 415.9 System...... 601.3.1, 602.0, 602.13, Discharge ...... Table 602.15.1.4 602.14, 602.16 Number ...... 602.15.1.4 Testing ...... 602.18 Size ...... 602.15.1.3 ENERGY STAR...... 207.0, 403.1, 403.2, – H – 407.1, Table C 102.1 HEAT TRAPS ...... 1005.6 ETc...... 207.0, 415.2 HOT TUBS...... 101.6.6, 418.0 ETo HUMUS...... 210.0. 505.5.6, Definition ...... 207.0 505.5.7, 505.7, 505.6.2 EVAPORATIVE COOLERS...... 412.2, 412.4, HYDROZONE ...... 210.0, 415.10 Table 411.1 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ...... 207.0, 415.6 – I – Modified, definition...... 215.0 ICE MAKERS...... 407.1 Reference, definition...... 220.0 INSPECTIONS...... 105.0, 415.12, 504.0, EXHAUST 504.1.3, 601.5, Table 601.5.1, Hoods...... 408.2 601.11, 603.13, 604.12, 702.10.6, EXISTING CONSTRUCTION ...... 101.4.2 705.0, 802.10.6, 805.0, 901.5, Table 901.5.1, 903.14, A 101.5, – F – Table A 101.5.1A 106.0, Appendix D FAUCETS INSULATION ...... 1001.2, 1003.5, 1005.3 Dipper Well...... 407.5 IRRIGATION, LANDSCAPE Kitchen and Bar Sink...... 213.0, Table 402.1, Backflow Protection ...... 415.4 402.4, 1005.4.2, Control System, definition...... 211.0 Table C 102.1, Table C 102.3 Control Systems ...... 415.6 Laundry...... Table C 102.1, Table C 102.3 Demand ...... 211.0, 415.6.(7), Lavatory ...... 214.0, Table 402.1, 402.5, 415.10(3), 415.12(7) 1005.5.2, Table C 102.1, Dedicated Metering...... Table 411.1 Table C 102.3 Emission Device...... 211.0 Metering ...... 215.0, Table 402.1, 402.5.2.2, Excavation and Backfill ...... 415.16 Residential Kitchen...... 402.4 Flow Sensing System ...... 415.7 Self Closing, definition ...... 221.0 Landscape Systems ...... 415.0 FIELD VERIFICATION ...... 208.0, 702.7, 802.7 Low Application Rate ...... 214.0 FILTERS...... 415.8, 415.12, 602.15.1.2, Low Flow Irrigation ...... 415.8 604.10.5, Table 601.5.1, Maximum Velocity...... 415.3 Table 901.5.1, 903.11, Pipe Depth...... 415.15 Table A 101.5.1, A 104.3.1, Plant and System Limitation ...... 415.2 A 104.3.3 Sprinkler Heads ...... 415.13 FLOW-THROUGH DESIGN ...... 208.0, 1003.7.1 System Inspection and FOOD STEAMERS...... 208.0, 407.2, 407.7 Performance Check...... 415.12 FOOD WASTE DEVICES...... 407.6 Use of Alternate Water...... 415.5 Food Waste Disposers...... 407.6.2, 407.6.3 Weather Based Irrigation Pulpers ...... 407.6.1 Controller ...... 415.6(3) Zone ...... 211.0

78 2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD INDEX

– L – – P – LABELED...... 402.8.1, 414.1, 415.12(6), PATHS 415.13.1, 502.2, 505.5.7, Compliance...... 1004.5 601.3.1(2), 604.7, 903.8, Prescriptive ...... 1006.0 A 101.4.2, A 104.3 PEAK WATER DEMAND LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION CALCULATOR...... Appendix C SYSTEMS ...... 415.0 PERMIT...... 104.0, 503.5, 601.3, 603.2, LAVATORY 702.2, 802.2, 901.3, A 101.3 Definition...... 214.0 PERMIT FEES...... 104.3 LISTED ...... 214.0, 302.1, 502.1.1, 601.2, PLANS AND 604.7, 702.1.1, 802.1.1, 901.2, SPECIFICATIONS ...... 101.3, 103.0, 703.4, 903.8, A 101.4.2, A 104.3, B 101.3 705.0, 803.4, 805.0 LISTING AGENCY POOLS...... 101.6.6, Table 411.1, 418.0 Definition...... 214.0 POOL COVERS ...... 418.3 LOG10 REDUCTION POOL HEATERS...... 418.2, 418.4, 1003.2, Definition...... 214.0 1005.2, Table 1005.2 LOG10 REDUCTION TARGET POTABLE WATER Definition...... 214.0 Definition...... 218.0 LOW APPLICATION RATE PRE-RINSE SPRAY VALVE ...... 218.0, Definition...... 214.0 Table 402.1, 402.9 LOW FLOW EMITTER PRECIPITATION RATE...... 218.0, 415.6(7), Definition...... 214.0 415.13.1, 415.13.4 PUMPS ...... 601.9, 901.9, 903.6, 1002.1.2 – M – Automatic Shut-Off ...... 412.4.2 MAINTENANCE...... 107.0, 215.0, 404.2.2, 504.0, Circulating ...... 1002.1.1 504.2, 506.13, 601.5, 601.5.2, Controls...... 601.9, 901.9, 1002.2, A 101.9 601.5.3, Table 601.5.1, 601.6, Operation...... 1002.1 602.15.2.3, 602.19, 704.0, 804.0, Pool ...... 418.5 901.5, 901.5.2, Table 901.5.1, Recirculating...... 1002.1 901.5.3, 901.6, A 101.5, Water-Powered Sump...... 414.0 Table A 101.5.1, A 101.5.2, A 101.6, A 104.2.3, Table A 104.2.3 – Q – METERS...... 411.0, Table 411.1, C 102.3 QUALIFICATIONS ...... 303.3, 1102.0 Dedicated Meter ...... 206.0, 411.1 QUICK-DISCONNECT DEVICE...... 603.9 Flow Meter Totalizer ...... 702.10.5, 802.10.5 Definition...... 219.0 Submeter ...... 221.0, 1003.7.3 MULCH BASIN ...... 215.0, Table 601.5.1, 602.13.4, – R – 602.14.1, 602.15, 602.15.2 RAINWATER...... 410.1, Chapter 9, Appendix A MULTI-OCCUPANT SPACES Definition ...... 220.0 Definition...... 215.0 Catchment System...... 220.0, Chapter 9, Appendix A – N – Storage Tank ...... 902.7.3, 903.5, A 103.3, NONWATER URINAL ...... Table 402.1, A 104.5, A 104.5.7, A 104.9 402.3.1, 506.10 Water Quality...... 901.7, 903.4, Table 903.4, With Drain Cleansing Action ...... 216.0, 402.3.2 903.8, A 101.7, A 104.2, NONPOTABLE WATER Table A 104.2.1, A104.3 APPLICATIONS ...... 401.1, Chapter 6, RECLAIMED (RECYCLED) Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9 WATER ...... 220.0, 410.1, 411.1, NON-SEWERED 412.5, 603.0 SANITATION SYSTEMS...... 216.0, 404.0 REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL – O – Definition...... 220.0 ON-SITE TREATED REHABILITATION OF PIPING NONPOTABLE WATER...... 217.0, 410.1, SYSTEMS...... 303.2 412.5, 413.1, Chapter 6, REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS...... 101.4.1, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9 ROOF DRAINS ...... 903.7, A 104.7 OUTLET TEMPERATURE ROOF WASHER ...... 220.0, Table 901.5.1, CONTROLS...... 1005.5.2 Table A 101.5.1, A 104.9

2020 WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITATION STANDARD 79 INDEX

RUN OUT Rainwater Catchment ...... 220.0, Chapter 6, Definition ...... 220.0 Appendix A Recirculation...... 220.0, 402.12, – S – 1002.0, 1003.3, 1005.4.1 SCOPE ...... 101.4, 301.0, 401.1, 601.1, 901.1, Reclaimed (Recycled) 1001.1, 1101.1, A 101.1 Water ...... 602.7, 603.0, 603.4, 603.6, SHOWER 603.7, 604.4, 702.10.1, Diverters ...... 402.7 802.10.1, 902.4 Emergency Safety ...... 402.10 Reverse Osmosis Water Gang ...... 209.0, 402.6.1(1) Treatment ...... 406.3 Heads ...... 402.6, Table C 102.1 Solar Energy...... 101.6.5 Recirculating...... 402.12 Urine Diversion...... 506.0 Valve ...... 402.8 SIGNS ...... 601.10, 603.12, 604.11, 903.13 – T – SINGLE OCCUPANT SPACES TEMPERING WATER ...... 407.7 Definition ...... 221.0 TRAP SEAL ...... 416.0 SOIL ABSORPTION RATE Definition ...... 221.0 – U – SPA ...... Table 411.1, 418.0 URINALS ...... 402.3, Table 402.1, 503.9.9, SPECIFICATIONS AND PLANS 506.10, 603.1, 604.1, 604.10.2, ...... (see Drawings and Specifications) 701.2, Table 702.6, Table 702.9(1), SPRINKLER HEAD ...... 221.0, 415.13 801.2, Table 802.6, Table 802.9(1), Low Precipitation Rate...... 214.0 902.1, Table 903.4 Maximum Precipitation...... 415.13.4 URINE DIVERSION...... 223.0, 506.0 STORMWATER...... 221.0, 414.1, Design Requirements...... 506.1 603.1, Chapter 8, 903.3.1 Inspection Checklist...... Appendix D Catchment System, definition ...... 221.0 Maintenance...... 504.0, 506.13 (See also On-Site Treated Nonpotable Water) Storage Tanks...... 506.12 STORAGE TANKS...... 305.2, 505.5.1, 506.12, Systems...... 506.0 Table 601.5.1, Table 901.5.1, Treatment, Reuse, Disposal...... 506.14 902.7.3, 903.5, 1002.1.2, 1003.2, Table 1005.2, Table A 101.5.1, – V – A 103.3, A 104.5, VALIDATION REPORT ...... 224.0, 702.7, 802.7 SUBMETER (see also Dedicated Meter) ...... 206.0, VEGETATIVE ROOFS 221.0, 1003.7.3 AND WALLS...... 415.2.1 SURGE TANK...... 221.0, Table 602.8, 602.13.1 VEHICLE WASH FACILITIES ...... 417.0 SURROGATE Definition...... 221.0 – W – SYSTEM BALANCING...... 1002.4 WATERSENSE...... 225.0, 402.2.1, 402.2.2, SYSTEMS 402.3, 402.5.1, 402.6, Alternate Water Source...... Chapter 6 415.6, 415.12 Exhaust Hood Liquid WATER/WASTEWATER Scrubber ...... 408.2 UTILITY ...... 225.0, 412.5 Filtration and Disinfection ...... A 104.3.3 WATER CLOSETS...... 225.0, Table 402.1, Gray Water ...... 209.0, 602.0, Table 602.8, 402.2, 603.1, 604.1, 604.10.2, 602.12, 602.13, 602.16 701.2, Table 702.6, Hot Water...... 1003.0, 1003.7.3, Table 702.9(1), 801.2, Table 802.6, 1004.0, 1005.4 Table 802.9(1), Table 903.4 Landscape Irrigation ...... 415.0, 415.6, 415.10 WATER-CONSERVING Mechanical ...... 101.4, 101.6.3, PLUMBING FIXTURES...... 402.0, 402.13, 301.0, 302.2, 303.1 C 102.1, Table C 102.1 Nonpotable Rainwater WATER FACTOR (WF) Catchment ...... Chapter 9 Definition...... 225.0 On-Site Treated WATER HEATERS ...... 1003.2, Table 1005.2 Nonpotable Water...... 604.0 WATER SOFTENERS AND Plumbing ...... 101.4, 101.6.4, 301.0, 303.1 TREATMENT DEVICES ...... 406.0 Potable Rainwater Catchment...... Appendix A

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