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(BAU) Scenario Information and Analysis Covering the Pra and Kakum River Basins

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(BAU) Scenario Information and Analysis Covering the Pra and Kakum River Basins Business as Usual (BAU) Scenario Information and Analysis Covering the Pra and Kakum River Basins Prepared for Nature Conservation Research Centre By: Ing. Matthew Adombire Patrick Adjewodah Ronald Abrahams April, 2013 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. ii Table of Figures ................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 General Information ................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Introduction and Background ...................................................................................... 4 1.2 Watersheds Services ....................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................. 7 1.4 Scope of Works ................................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.5.1 Desk Study .................................................................................................................. 8 1.5.2 Consultations ............................................................................................................. 9 1.5.3 Direct Assessment ................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Challenges Encountered During the Study ........................................................... 10 1.7 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 2 Water Quality and Quantity (Flow) .................................................................... 11 2.1 Water Resources of the Pra and Kakum River Basins ...................................... 11 2.1.1 The Pra River Basin ............................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 The Kakum River Basin ........................................................................................ 17 2.2 Water Availability and Treatment ............................................................................ 18 2.3 Water Quality Data for Pra River Basin ................................................................. 20 2.3.1 Water Supply Facilities ......................................................................................... 20 2.3.2 Water Quality ........................................................................................................... 21 2.3.3 Water Quality Data ................................................................................................ 22 2.3.4 Water Quality Data for Other Tributaries of the Pra River Basin ......... 27 2.4 Water Quality Data for the Kakum River Basin .................................................. 29 2.4.1 Water Supply Facilities ......................................................................................... 29 2.4.2 Water Quality Data ................................................................................................ 29 2.5 Threats to Water Quality and Flow .......................................................................... 32 2.5.1 Underlying Causes of the Deterioration of Water Quality ...................... 37 2.6 Critical Ecosystems of the Pra and Kakum Watersheds .................................. 38 ii 2.6.1 Interpretation of Critical Ecosystems ............................................................. 40 2.6.2 Identification of Critical Ecosystems ............................................................... 41 Chapter 3 Existing Mapping of Pra and Kakum Watersheds ...................................... 46 3.1 Significance of Maps to Watersheds ....................................................................... 46 3.2 Review of Available Existing Maps ........................................................................... 46 3.2.1 Topographic sheets ................................................................................................ 46 3.2.2 Google satellite maps ........................................................................................... 47 3.2.3 Water Resources Commission maps ............................................................... 47 3.3 Mapping Gaps .................................................................................................................. 50 Chapter 4 Roles and Responsibilities of Institutions...................................................... 51 4.1 The Ministry of Water Resources Works and Housing ..................................... 51 4.2 The District Assemblies ................................................................................................ 51 4.3 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ....................................................... 53 4.4 The Water Resources Commission (WRC) ............................................................ 55 4.5 The Minerals Commission ........................................................................................... 55 4.6 The Forestry Commission (FC) ................................................................................. 56 4.7 The Public Utilities Regulatory Commission ......................................................... 57 4.8 Ghana Water Company Limited ................................................................................ 57 4.9 Barriers to Effective Delivery of Functions by Institutions ............................. 58 Chapter 5 Watershed Management: Initiatives, Laws & Recommendations ....... 65 5.1 Watershed Management Initiatives in Ghana ..................................................... 65 5.1.1 Laws/Acts of Parliament on Watershed Management .............................. 65 5.1.2 Watershed Management Initiatives by the Water Resources Commission (WRC) in Ghana ............................................................................................ 67 5.1.3 Law Enforcement Challenges and Trends in Water Supply and Sanitation Services in Watersheds in Ghana ............................................................... 70 5.2 Pre-conditions for Successful River Basin Management Practices .............. 72 5.3 Proposed IWS Initiatives for Pra and Kakum Basins ........................................ 74 Chapter 6 Water Resources Management Account ........................................................ 76 6.1 Institutional Management Accounts ........................................................................ 76 6.2 Basis of the WRC Water Management Account .................................................. 78 6.3 Sources of Funding of the Account .......................................................................... 78 6.4 Operations of the Account .......................................................................................... 79 6.5 Appropriateness for IWS Purposes .......................................................................... 80 iii Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................ 82 7.1 Findings and Conclusions of the Study .................................................................. 82 7.2 Recommendations for the Way Forward ............................................................... 82 7.2.1 Recommendations for Investments in Watershed Services .................. 82 7.2.2 Recommendations for the WRC and Other Stakeholders ...................... 84 References ........................................................................................................................................ 86 Appendices ........................................................................................................................................ 89 Appendix 1: Contact List of Stakeholders ...................................................................... 89 Appendix 2: Protocol for Institutional Consultation ................................................... 91 Appendix 3: Raw Water Quality Data of Daboase Intake ........................................ 92 Appendix 4: Budgets of WRC .............................................................................................. 93 Appendix 5: Organogram of WRC ................................................................................... 100 Appendix 6: GWCL Water Tanker Prices and Capacities for Some Destinations in Accra 102 Appendix 7: IWS Complementary Initiatives of The Pra And Kakum Basins ... 103 iv Table of Figures Figure 1: Stakeholder Consultation at Owabi Wildlife Sanctuary .................................. 9 Figure 2: Sites Visited in the Pra and Kakum River Basins ........................................... 10 Figure 3: Pra River Basin ...........................................................................................................
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