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Ghana Human Resources for Health Country Profile Human Resources for Health Country Profile GHWO: Human Resources for Health Country Profile Ministry of Health Ghana Human Resources for Health Country Profile Human Resources for Health Country Profile Ghana Edition 2011 GHWO, February 2010 GHWO: Human Resources for Health Country Profile Acknowledgement The Health Workforce Profile for Ghana is edited by: Seth Duodu Acquah - Independent Consultant, Human Resources for Health, with the support of: McDamien Dedzo – Director Human Resources Division, Ghana Health Service; Ebenezer Appiah-Denkyira - Director Human Resources for Health Development Division of the Ministry of Health; and Selasie D’Almeida, Health Economist from the WHO Country office. We acknowledge with thanks the political and technical support of the Minister of Health, Mr. Joseph Yielleh-Chireh his Deputy, Mr. Robert Joseph Mettle-Nunoo, and the Chief Director of the Ministry of Health, Dr. Sylvester Anemana We also acknowledge the support and contributions of the Director-General of the Ghana Health Service, Dr. Elias Sory, the Director of Policy, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (PPME) of the Ghana Health Service, Dr. Frank Kojo Nyonator, other Directors in the Ministry of Health, the Ghana Health Service, at both the headquarters and in the regions, the Chief Executive Officers of Korle Bu, Komfo Anokye and Tamale Teaching Hospitals, and Registrars of all the Health Professionals Regulatory Bodies, including Medical and Dental Council, Nursing and Midwifery Council, and Pharmacy Council who reviewed and commented on earlier versions of the document. We are grateful for the logistics and editorial support of the Africa Health Workforce observatory, coordinated by a team composed of Jennifer Nyoni, Adam Ahmat, Gulin Gedik, Mario Dal Poz. Ghana Health Workforce Observatory : Human Resources for Health Country Profile Content Introduction........................................................................................................................................13 1. Country context........................................................................................................................14 1.1 Geography and demography......................................................................................................14 1.2 Economic context. .....................................................................................................................14 1.3 Political context .........................................................................................................................15 1.4 Health status...............................................................................................................................15 2. Country health system.............................................................................................................19 2.1 Governance ................................................................................................................................19 2.2 Service provision .......................................................................................................................22 2.3 Health care financing.................................................................................................................24 2.4 Health information system.........................................................................................................26 3. Health Workers Situation .......................................................................................................26 3.1 Health workers stock and trends................................................................................................26 3.2 Distribution of health workers by category/cadre......................................................................28 4. HRH Production ......................................................................................................................35 4.1 Pre-service education.................................................................................................................41 4.2 In-service and continuing education ..........................................................................................43 4.3 Health workforce requirements .................................................................................................45 5. HRH Utilization .......................................................................................................................45 5.1 Recruitment................................................................................................................................45 5.2 Deployment and distribution mechanisms.................................................................................46 5.3 The work environment...............................................................................................................47 5.4 Employment of health workers in the private sector .................................................................47 6. Governance for HRH...............................................................................................................49 6.1 HRH policies and plans .............................................................................................................49 6.2 Policy development, planning and managing for HRH.............................................................50 6.3 Professional Regulation ............................................................................................................52 6.4 HRH information .......................................................................................................................52 6.5 HRH research.............................................................................................................................55 6.6 Stakeholders in HRH .................................................................................................................56 Annex 1: Health workforce status ...................................................................................................58 Annex 2: Definitions of health workforce data...............................................................................59 Annex 3: Health workforce classification mapping .......................................................................60 Annex 4: Mapping education and training to the international standard classification.............70 Annex 5: Members involved in the working group............................Error! 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CONTENT Ghana Health Workforce Observatory : Human Resources for Health Country Profile Acronyms AHSA Association ofHealthServiceAdministrators AIDS AcquireImmuneDeficiencySyndrome CBD CommunityBasedDistribution CHAG Christian Health Association of Nigeria CHO CommunityHealthofficer CHIM CentreforHealthInformationManagement CHNTS CommunityHealth NursingTrainingSchool CHPS Community-BasedHealthPlanningandServices CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CMR CrudeMortalityRate CSM Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DFID DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment DHIMS District Health Information Management Systems ENT Ear,NoseandThroat FBO Faith-Based Organisation GCE GeneralCertificateofEducation GDP GrossDomesticProduct GHS GhanaHealthService GLSS GhanaLivingStandardsSurvey GMA Ghana Medical Association GOG GovernmentofGhana GPRS GhanaPovertyReductionStrategy GRNA GhanaRegisteredNursesAssociation GRMA GhanaRegisteredMidwivesAssociation GSS GhanaStatisticalService HATS HealthAssistantsTrainingSchool HIV HumanImmuno-deficiencyVirus HR HumanResources HRDD HumanResourcesDevelopmentDivision HRH Humanresourcesforhealth HRIS HumanResourcesInformationSystem HSWU HealthServicesWorkersUnion ICC Inter-Agency Coordinating Committee ICM International Confederation of Midwives IMR Infant Mortality Rate IPPD IntegratedPersonnelPayrollDatabase IST In-service Training JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MCH Maternal and Child Health MDAs Ministries,DepartmentsandAgencies MoH Ministry of Health MS Micro Soft MTHS Medium Term Health Strategy MTS Midwifery Training Schools NDHS NationalDemographicandHealthSurvey NHIL NationalHealthInsuranceLevy NHIS NationalHealthInsuranceScheme NGO Non Governmental Organisation NNMR Neo-NatalMortalityRate NTC NursingTrainingSchool Ghana Health Workforce Observatory : Human Resources for Health Country Profile PNNMR PostNeo-NatalMortalityRate PHC PrimaryHealthCare POW ProgrammeofWork RGN RegisteredGeneralNurse PSG PharmaceuticalSocietyofGhana RM Registered Midwife RMN RegisteredMentalNurse SDHS StrengtheningDistrictHealthSystems SIST Structured In-Service Training SRN StateRegisteredNurse SSS SeniorSecondarySchool TB Tuberculosis TBA Traditional Birth Attendant TAMPD Traditional and Alternative Medicine Practitioners Directorate TIS TrainingInformationSystem U5MR Under-5Mortalityrate UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme UNFPA United NationsFund forPopulation Activities UNICEF UnitedNationsChildren’sFund USAID United States Agency for International Development VHC VillageHealthCommittee VHW VillageHealthWorker WASSSCE West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination WHO World Health Organisation Ghana Health Workforce Observatory : Human Resources for Health Country Profile Tables Table 1.1 Percent Population Distribution by Age Group and year .........................................14 Table 1.2 Population distribution by Sex .....................................................................................14
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