DOCSLIB.ORG

Indigenous Knowledge and Utilisation of Khajuri Plant (Phoenix Sylvestris Roxb., Arecaceae) in Bhadrak District, Odisha, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indigenous Knowledge and Utilisation of Khajuri Plant (Phoenix Sylvestris Roxb., Arecaceae) in Bhadrak District, Odisha, India Research in Plant Biology, 4(1): 12-19, 2014 ISSN : 2231-5101 www.resplantbiol.com Regular Article Indigenous knowledge and utilisation of Khajuri plant (Phoenix Sylvestris Roxb., Arecaceae) in Bhadrak district, Odisha, India Taranisen Panda1*, Nirlipta Mishra2 and Raj Ballav Mohanty3 Department of Botany, Chandbali College, Chandbali, 756133, Odisha, India Department of Zoology, Chandbali College, Chandbali, 756133, Odisha, India Department of Botany, N.C. (Autonomous) College, Jajpur-755001, Odisha, India *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] The study was conducted within the course of two years (2011–2013) to explore the indigenous knowledge and traditional utilization pattern of wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestris Roxb.) in Bhadrak district of Odisha, India. The objective of the study was to document indigenous knowledge and traditional handicrafts in order to suggest appropriate conservation and management strategies. The information was gathered largely from literature as well as field collected data and interviewed informants. A brief questionnaire, referring to the vernacular name, plant description, details on their use has been prepared and applied. Khajuri plant (Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Arecaceae) is a long-lived monocotyledonous medium-sized slow growing plant species, found abundantly in road side, wasteland, around homesteads, crop fields, pond and canal bank. The leaves of the plant are used in many religious and socio-cultural functions in the district. This plant has been instrumental for landless traditional craftsmen in providing a substantial livelihood through their own indigenous wisdom in every stage of the palm’s maintenance from collection to the processing of products. Collected data show how ecological, geographical features and different cultures are related with the traditionally used handicrafts. Protection and conservation of this plant and some selective habitat is warranted where this species can grow undisturbed. Keywords: Odisha; Phoenix sylvestris; traditional handicrafts; traditional knowledge Nature was the earliest source for the most interesting ones and plays vital role human subsistence and has provided a in socio-economy of rural people. Various continuous source of raw materials to fulfill handicraft materials (the items made by various needs for human livelihood. Millions hand) from Palms are one such typical use of of people, mostly in developing countries, the plant by the rural people of India to earn derive a significant part of their subsistence their livelihood. The palm family (Palmae, or and income from gathered plant products. more recently Arecaceae), with some 2200 The field of study of plants used in species, is distributed all over the tropics and household products by craftsmen is one of subtropics (Johnson, 1996). This family Taranisen Panda et al. / Research in Plant Biology, 4(1): 12-19, 2014 contains a number of economically important economy of developing countries (Arnold, species, among which some of the most 1995; Gunatilake et al., 1993). important ones include Cocos nucifera L. The farmers are applying solely (coconut), Borassus flabellifer L. (palmyra/fan indigenous knowledge (IK) of their own in palm), Areca catechu L. (betel nut) and Phoenix the farming and management of this sylvestris Roxb. (wild date palm/date sugar resource, exerting a sustainable manner of palm). Wild date palm, is one of the oldest utilization. Odisha, one of the states of fruit trees in the world, having originated eastern India is famous for her handicrafts most likely in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) which exhibit the skill and creativity of her 5,000 to 10,000 years ago (Zohary and Hopf, artisans. Handicrafts are the visible symbol of 2000) and the vast majority of the trees are cultural behaviour. The person who imagines located in northern Africa, the Middle East, and creates these hand made goods of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and India different origins forms is called as craftsman (Hodel and Pittenger, 2003). Situated in the who is otherwise known as Silpi, Kalakar, tropical region, India also houses a number of Bindhani, Moharana, Karigar etc. The craft palms (represented by 20 genera and about culture of India shows the firm base in the 96 species; Uhl and Dransfield, 1987) country's age old artistic traditions. This is distributed in diverse geographic, soil and especially true in Bhadrak District. The climatic areas, such as, deserts, hilly traditional craftsmen of the district prepare topography, plain lands and muddy artistic and delicate decorative materials for mangrove forests. household purposes. These artistic objects are Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. is a long-lived an integral part of the rituals and various monocotyledonous medium-sized slow other social functions in rural Odisha from growing plant species, 7-20 m tall, with time immemorial. But there has been an greyish-green leaves, textured trunk, and overall decline in their traditional handicrafts yellow inflorescences. Leaves are very application due to alternative materials developed, erect, arranged in a spiral pattern becoming available which proved better or on the trunk and can reach several square more convenient for the intended purpose. meters in area. Sheathing becomes denser at Recently, the importance of farmer’s the top of the tree forming a crown with traditional knowledge in managing natural hundreds of leaves forming a terminal resources has gained increasing recognition rosette. The leaves are pinnate with needle- from the scientific community sharp tips to defend the plant from grazing (Teklehaimanot et al., 2001). In spite of the animals and reduce water loss. The use of role of wild plants a means for livelihoods of Phoenix sylvestris for medicinal purposes and the rural people in Bhadrak district, attention oral dental care has been reported (Barh and has not been given to the inventory and Mazumdar, 2008; Mohanty et al., 2012). This conservation of such species. Considering the plant also provide a multitude of useful importance of indigenous knowledge, the products such as handicrafts and mats, present study was undertaken to explore the screens, thatching and fencing materials, indigenous wisdom of rural poor people baskets, crates, fuel wood, and house brooms highlighting the traditional utilization and is the main subsistence resource for the patterns of P. sylvestris in Bhadrak district of poorest people (Balslev & Barfod, 1987; Zaid, Odisha, India. The socio-religious as well as 1999; Dalibard, 2007; Rana and Islam, socio-cultural significance and socio- 2010).Recently, employment and income economic contribution to rural economy of from small-scale non-farm enterprise this ancient craft and the craftsmen in the activities is gaining importance in the rural changing scenario is analysed. The aim of this 13 Taranisen Panda et al. / Research in Plant Biology, 4(1): 12-19, 2014 study is to determine and introduce the state’s population. Most of its people live in plants traditionally used as handicraft – villages (89.42%) and agriculture is their main which are slowly dying out-in different occupation. The climate of the district is cultures as well as in several countries. warm and humid. Three distinct annual seasons are the rainy season (mid June to mid Materials and Methods October), winter (mid October to February) Bhadrak district (20°43′−21°13′ N and and summer (March to mid June). Air 86°6′−87° E) is located in northeast Odisha temperatures range from 38°C in summer to and covers an area of 2505 km2, with a 13°C in winter, and the annual average population of 1.334 million (2001 Census). It rainfall is approximately 1,550 mm. The is bordered by Balasore district in the north, district is located in the deltaic region near Jajpur in the south, Bay of Bengal and the Bay of Bengal and has all the features of a Kendrapara district in the east and Koenjher costal climate, i.e. maritime weather in the west. The district accounts for 1.61% of influence, coastal winds and cyclones (Figure the state’s territory and shares 3.62% of the 1). Fig.1. Map of the study site The present work is the outcome of research, the objectives of the study were the ethnobotanical survey conducted in discussed with the local village heads. Bhadrak district of Odisha, India during the Consent was granted by the local people for year 2011-13. Prior to undertaking field the dissemination of their traditional 14 Taranisen Panda et al. / Research in Plant Biology, 4(1): 12-19, 2014 knowledge. A preliminary socio- economic Saxena and Brahmam, 1994) and herbarium survey was carried out to ascertain important preparation. Voucher specimen was socio-economic parameters of the study areas deposited in the herbarium of Department of to select the respondents for detailed study Botany, Chandbali College, Chandbali. Visit and interviewed using a semi-structured to the traditional craftsmen and their questionnaire (e.g., cross-checking the land workshops were made to collect first-hand holdings, occupations, date palm possession, information regarding, the mode of contributions of date palm in economy, land collection, processing and preservation; - for homesteads and other operations like types and method of preparation of craft agriculture or fallow).Different habitats with materials, their trade etc. The data were abundant growth of ‘Khajuri’ plant of the recorded by consultation with different district were visited and plant samples experienced craftsmen engaged in the same collected for taxonomic study (Haines, 1925; profession. Fig.2.A. Naturally regenerated Khajuri plant in crop field, B. Khajuri plant near the ails, C. Rural scene showing natural regeneration along the road, D. Khajuri plant near the canal, E. Khajuri plant near the pond, F. Khajuri plant near the homestead, G. A farmer in tapping leaves of Khajuri, H. Leaves at ground, I. Collected leaves. Results percent of families have no agricultural land The percentage of literacy rate in the study and the remaining with marginal land. The area is very low i.e. less than 10%. Eighty people (both men and women) are earning 15 Taranisen Panda et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phoenix Sylvestris, Wild Date Palm1 Robert J
    FOR 246 Phoenix sylvestris, Wild Date Palm1 Robert J. Northrop, Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary McKenzie, and Heather V. Quintana2 Family Description Arecaceae, palm family. This palm is native to India and southern portions of Pakistan. In both countries, it occurs in areas where there Genus is sparse vegetation mainly composed of scrub species and along flat lands where monsoons occur. Though slow Phoenix is the Latin term for the Greek word that means growing, it can reach heights of up to 50 feet and grows well “date palm.” in areas of the United States where temperatures do not fall below 15°F. Leaves are pinnately compound and blue-green, Species and they can grow to 10 feet in length. Leaflets can reach The species name sylvestris translates from the Latin term approximately 18 inches long and grow opposite to one for “of the forest.” another on the rachis in such a way that the entire leaf looks flat. The petiole, or stem that attaches the leaf to the trunk, is 3 feet long and armed with spines. Young trunks bear Common Names triangular shaped leaf scars (the place where leaves once Wild Date Palm, Toddy Palm, Sugar Date attached to the trunk) that become more diamond-shaped Palm, Silver Date Palm with age. On older trees, aerial roots tend to be present This palm produces edible fruits but it is generally called at the base of the trunk. Yellow inflorescences can reach “wild date palm” to distinguish it from the closely related lengths of 3 feet, are heavily branched, bear small white Phoenix dactylifera, which is known as “date palm” and is blossoms, and grow among the leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Approved Plant List 10/04/12
    FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Phoenix Sylvestris SCORE:5.0 RATING:Evaluate
    TAXON: Phoenix sylvestris SCORE: 5.0 RATING: Evaluate Taxon: Phoenix sylvestris Family: Arecaceae Common Name(s): date sugar palm Synonym(s): Elate sylvestris L. (basionym) Indian date silver date palm wild date palm Assessor: No Assessor Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 29 Jul 2014 WRA Score: 5.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Naturalized, Tropical Palm, Spiny, Dioecious, Bird-dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization in the Genus Phoenix: a Review
    Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 831-842 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v25i11.16660 http://www.ejfa.info/ REVIEW ARTICLE Hybridization in the genus Phoenix: A review Muriel Gros-Balthazard* University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Biochemistry, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Abstract The genus Phoenix is composed of 14 species naturally distributed in the Old World. This genus comprises the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivated for its fruits, the dates, while other species are grown for food, ornament and religious purposes. Phoenix species were, for these reasons, spread out of their natural distribution area. It is therefore common to find species not naturally sympatric, growing together, in cultivation or in the wild. Phoenix species are interfertile and crossing distinct species leads to fertile hybrid offspring (interspecific hybridization). The introduction of a species in the wild generates gene flows leading to the creation of new hybrids and has conservation implications. In cultivation, such crossings may be spontaneous or are the result of artificial pollination, as several reasons impel doing so. Crossing gives rise to beautiful hybrids and is also useful for the conservation of old palm groves threatened by pests. Moreover, artificial pollination of date palms using another Phoenix species can be of interest given the metaxenic pollen effects. In addition, this process may have some potential benefits in date palm improvements, by the creation of hybrid cultivars. Thus, an increasing need of hybrid detection and characterization exists, particularly as morphology alone is not sufficient for this task. Besides new methods such as traditional and geometric morphometrics that may bring new clues, the advent of genetic and molecular markers helps to detect hybrids, especially based on the combination of nuclear and chloroplastic data.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Inflorescence and Floral Development in Cocos Nucifera L. (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) ⁎ P.I.P
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010) 482–492 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Early inflorescence and floral development in Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) ⁎ P.I.P. Perera a,d, , V. Hocher b, L.K. Weerakoon a, D.M.D. Yakandawala c,d, S.C. Fernando a, J.-L. Verdeil e a Coconut Research Institute, Tissue Culture Division, 61150 Lunuwila, Sri Lanka b Institute for Research and Development (IRD), UMR 1098 BEPC, IRD, BP 64501-911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 1, France c Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka d Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka e CIRAD, TA40/02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Received 9 September 2009; received in revised form 17 March 2010; accepted 18 March 2010 Abstract Palms are generally characterized by a large structure with a massive crown that creates difficulties in anatomical studies. The flowering behaviour of palm species may be a useful indicator of phylogenetic relationships and therefore evolutionary events. This paper presents a detailed histological study of reproductive development in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), from initiation up to maturation of staminate and pistillate flowers. Reproductive development in coconut consists of a sequence of individual events that span more than two years. Floral morphogenesis is the longest event, taking about one year, while sex determination is a rapid process that occurs within one month. The inflorescence consists of different ultimate floral structural components. Pistillate flowers are borne in floral triads that are flanked by two functional staminate flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    International Journal of Current Advanced Research ISSN: O: 2319-6475, ISSN: P: 2319-6505, Impact Factor: 6.614 Available Online at www.journalijcar.org Volume 8; Issue 02(D); February 2019; Page No. 17349-17356 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2019.17356.3288 Research Article IMPORTANCE OF DATE PALM CULTIVATION IN INDIA Hiralal Jana and Debabrata Basu Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur Burdwan, West Bengal, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Dates are the fruit of a desert palm tree. It is one of the few crops that grow in the desert. Received 4th November, 2018 Date palms have been described as the “tree of life." The trees grow very large; produce Received in revised form 25th fruit for a long time; and can survive long droughts and extremely high temperatures. December, 2018 According to an old Egyptian saying "A date palm is the only creation of God that Accepted 18th January, 2018 resembles man. Unlike other trees, a date palm gives more as it grows older." Education is Published online 28th February, 2019 the most important tool to bring changes in human behavior and thus to implement the recommended agronomic practices of crops that are important for the improvement of production and productivity. The agronomic practices of date palm production such as Key words: propagation and irrigation methods and plant spacing employed by farmers are traditional Date Palm, Neglected plant, Promising and inappropriate for the production of date palm which is inherited from generation. The Cultivars, Propagation, protection, production, farmers use local varieties that are low yielders as well as low in quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of the Thermal Properties of Raffia Bamboo Vinifera L. Arecaceae
    Hindawi Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Volume 2017, Article ID 9868903, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9868903 Research Article Study of the Thermal Properties of Raffia Bamboo Vinifera L. Arecaceae E. Foadieng,1,2,3 P. K. Talla,2 G. B. Nkamgang,2 and M. Fogue3 1 Higher Technical Teachers’ Training College, University of Buea, Kumba, Cameroon 2LaboratoiredeMecanique´ et de Modelisation´ des Systemes` Physiques, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon 3Laboratoire d’Ingenierie´ des Systemes` Industriels et de l’Environnement, IUT-Fotso Victor, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon Correspondence should be addressed to E. Foadieng; [email protected] Received 24 August 2016; Accepted 9 January 2017; Published 6 February 2017 Academic Editor: Fernando Lusquinos˜ Copyright © 2017 E. Foadieng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Raffia is a kind of fast-growing palm tree, from the family of Arecaceae, encountered in marshy areas and along rivers. In this study, the“RaffiaBamboo”isthestalkofapalm,madeofafragilemarrowinsideathinshell,smoothandhardtoprotectthelatter.In our region, this material is widely used to build all the low-cost traditional houses and furniture, to make granaries storage of dry products, to build chicken coops, to make decoration. Thus, various jobs are organized around this material, with the fight against poverty. To our knowledge, information on its thermal properties is almost nonexistent. The experimental determination of the transverse thermal properties of the dry shell, the dry marrow, and the whole dry bamboo helped to find, for each, a specific heat, a thermal diffusivity, a thermal conductivity, and finally a thermal effusivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Geometry in the Arecaceae
    horticulturae Review Seed Geometry in the Arecaceae Diego Gutiérrez del Pozo 1, José Javier Martín-Gómez 2 , Ángel Tocino 3 and Emilio Cervantes 2,* 1 Departamento de Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre (CYMVIS), Universidad Estatal Amazónica (UEA), Carretera Tena a Puyo Km. 44, Napo EC-150950, Ecuador; [email protected] 2 IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced 1–4, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-923219606 Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 7 October 2020 Abstract: Fruit and seed shape are important characteristics in taxonomy providing information on ecological, nutritional, and developmental aspects, but their application requires quantification. We propose a method for seed shape quantification based on the comparison of the bi-dimensional images of the seeds with geometric figures. J index is the percent of similarity of a seed image with a figure taken as a model. Models in shape quantification include geometrical figures (circle, ellipse, oval ::: ) and their derivatives, as well as other figures obtained as geometric representations of algebraic equations. The analysis is based on three sources: Published work, images available on the Internet, and seeds collected or stored in our collections. Some of the models here described are applied for the first time in seed morphology, like the superellipses, a group of bidimensional figures that represent well seed shape in species of the Calamoideae and Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Than a Proper TIMOTHY K
    Palms Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 57(1) Mar. 2013 PALMS Vol. 57(1) 2013 CONTENTS Island Hopping for Palms in Features 5 Micronesia D.R. H ODEL Palm News 4 Palm Literature 36 Shedding Light on the 24 Pseudophoenix Decline S. E DELMAN & J. R ICHARDS An Anatomical Character to 30 Support the Cohesive Unit of Butia Species C. M ARTEL , L. N OBLICK & F.W. S TAUFFER Phoenix dactylifera and P. sylvestris 37 in Northwestern India: A Glimpse of their Complex Relationships C. N EWTON , M. G ROS -B ALTHAZARD , S. I VORRA , L. PARADIS , J.-C. P INTAUD & J.-F. T ERRAL FRONT COVER A mighty Metroxylon amicarum , heavily laden with fruits and festooned with epiphytic ferns, mosses, algae and other plants, emerges from the low-hanging clouds near Nankurupwung in Nett, Pohnpei. See article by D.R. Hodel, p. 5. Photo by D.R. Hodel. The fruits of Pinanga insignis are arranged dichotomously BACK COVER and ripen from red to Hydriastele palauensis is a tall, slender palm with a whitish purplish black. See article by crownshaft supporting the distinctive canopy. See article by D.R. Hodel, p. 5. Photo by D.R. Hodel, p. 5. Photo by D.R. Hodel . D.R. Hodel. 3 PALMS Vol. 57(1) 2013 PALM NEWS Last year, the South American Palm Weevil ( Rhynchophorus palmarum ) was found during a survey of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas . This palm-killing weevil has caused extensive damage in other parts of the world, according to Dr. Raul Villanueva, an entomologist at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Weslaco.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Name Scientific Name Type Plant Family Native
    Common name Scientific name Type Plant family Native region Location: Africa Rainforest Dragon Root Smilacina racemosa Herbaceous Liliaceae Oregon Native Fairy Wings Epimedium sp. Herbaceous Berberidaceae Garden Origin Golden Hakone Grass Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola' Herbaceous Poaceae Japan Heartleaf Bergenia Bergenia cordifolia Herbaceous Saxifragaceae N. Central Asia Inside Out Flower Vancouveria hexandra Herbaceous Berberidaceae Oregon Native Japanese Butterbur Petasites japonicus Herbaceous Asteraceae Japan Japanese Pachysandra Pachysandra terminalis Herbaceous Buxaceae Japan Lenten Rose Helleborus orientalis Herbaceous Ranunculaceae Greece, Asia Minor Sweet Woodruff Galium odoratum Herbaceous Rubiaceae Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia Sword Fern Polystichum munitum Herbaceous Dryopteridaceae Oregon Native David's Viburnum Viburnum davidii Shrub Caprifoliaceae Western China Evergreen Huckleberry Vaccinium ovatum Shrub Ericaceae Oregon Native Fragrant Honeysuckle Lonicera fragrantissima Shrub Caprifoliaceae Eastern China Glossy Abelia Abelia x grandiflora Shrub Caprifoliaceae Garden Origin Heavenly Bamboo Nandina domestica Shrub Berberidaceae Eastern Asia Himalayan Honeysuckle Leycesteria formosa Shrub Caprifoliaceae Himalaya, S.W. China Japanese Aralia Fatsia japonica Shrub Araliaceae Japan, Taiwan Japanese Aucuba Aucuba japonica Shrub Cornaceae Japan Kiwi Vine Actinidia chinensis Shrub Actinidiaceae China Laurustinus Viburnum tinus Shrub Caprifoliaceae Mediterranean Mexican Orange Choisya ternata Shrub Rutaceae Mexico Palmate Bamboo Sasa
    [Show full text]
  • Cocos Nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae): a Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review
    Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2015) 48(11): 953–964, http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20154773 ISSN 1414-431X Review Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae): A phytochemical and pharmacological review E.B.C. Lima1, C.N.S. Sousa1, L.N. Meneses1, N.C. Ximenes1, M.A. Santos Júnior1, G.S. Vasconcelos1, N.B.C. Lima2, M.C.A. Patrocínio2, D. Macedo1 and S.M.M. Vasconcelos1 1Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil 2Laboratório de Farmacologia, Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Christus-Unichristus, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil Abstract Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae) is commonly called the ‘‘coconut tree’’ and is the most naturally widespread fruit plant on Earth. Throughout history, humans have used medicinal plants therapeutically, and minerals, plants, and animals have traditionally been the main sources of drugs. The constituents of C. nucifera have some biological effects, such as antihelminthic, anti- inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. Our objective in the present study was to review the phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, and toxicology of C. nucifera to guide future preclinical and clinical studies using this plant. This systematic review consisted of searches performed using scientific databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, SciVerse, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Some uses of the plant were partially confirmed by previous studies demonstrating analgesic, antiarthritic, antibacterial, antipyretic, antihelminthic, antidiarrheal, and hypoglycemic activities. In addition, other properties such as antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiseizure, cytotoxicity, hepatoprotective, vasodilation, nephroprotective, and anti-osteoporosis effects were also reported. Because each part of C.
    [Show full text]
  • WRA Species Report
    Family: Arecaceae Taxon: Nypa fruticans Synonym: Nipa fruticans Thunb. Common Name: Mangrove palm "Nypa arborescens Wurmb ex H. Wendl., nom Nipa palm palmier nipa Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 9 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405
    [Show full text]