International Master of Landscape Architecture

Alternative Futures for polje

Project documentation International Master of Landscape Architecture

View from mountain over Sarajevo Field (Polje), the airport and the settlement in to the Sarajevo valley Image kindly provided by Nino Sarić Alternative Futures for Sarajevo Polje project Documentation

University of Sarajevo – Faculty of International Burch University – Department of Architecture IMLA Programme: Nürtingen-Geislingen University (HfWU) and Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences (HSWT) Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE), Architecture Faculty La Chambre Horta , Faculty of Agriculture ALA BiH - Association of Landscape Architects in and Herzegovina

www.imla-campus.eu

View from Igman mountain over Sarajevo Field (Polje), the airport and the Dobrinja settlement in to the Sarajevo valley Image kindly provided by Nino Sarić Introduction

SKRIVENI POTENCIJAL PEJZAŽA SARAJEVSKOG POLJA

Dr Erna Husukić Assistant Professor Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies International Burch University Sarajevo,

Suočavajući se sa novim početi razmišljati o Sarajevskom Sciences and Université Libre de razvojem, rastrgnutim između polju kao krucijalnoj komponenti Bruxelles, Architecture Faculty La prevrtljive stvarnosti brze u planiranju budućeg razvoja Chambre Horta) i kroz zajedničke urbanizacije i novonastalih elastičnog grada koji njeguje sve aktivnosti pokuša dati odgovor na prostornih odnosa u okvirima aspekte održivog razvoja. aktuelnu dilemu: Koje su buduće multikulturalnog i multireligijskog putanje razvoja Sarajevskog društva, budućnost Sarajevskog Ova publikacija se sastoji polja? polja je neizvjesna. Kao i u od studentskih radova na mnogim drugim dijelovima grada, temu alternativne budućnosti Internacionalni Burč univerzitet prostorna, sociološka i ekološka Sarajevskog polja sa posebnim - Odsjek za arhitekturu izražava struktura Sarajevskog polja je akcentom na studiju promišljanja zahvalnost svim članovima rezultat poslijeratne preobrazbe o elastičnom i produktivnom radionice koji su velikodušno identiteta nastale kroz ishitrene pejzažu sa multifunkcionalnim podijelili svoje stručno znanje i neplanske intervencije koje zonama a sve to kroz održivi i sa time osnažili vizionarske nameću novi sistem vrijednosti pristup planiranja – pristup ideje studenata o mogućim a koji je podržan od strane Sarajevskom polju kroz zelenu smjernicama budućeg razvoja nadležnih organa vlasti. Unatoč infrastrukturu. Sarajevskog polja. ovim promjenama, raznolik potencijal Sarajevskog polja Radionica je posmatrana kao čezne za obnovom i aktivnim izuzetna prilika za grad Sarajevo učešćem u svim tokovim i Internacionalni Burč univerzitet gradskog razvoja. - Odsjek za arhitekturu, da ugosti lokane i internacionalne Da bi se razumio skriveni institucije - učesnike (Univerzitet potencijal Sarajevskog polja, u Sarajevu - Šumarski fakultet, nužno je prihvatanje ključnih Asocijacija pejzažnih arhitekata karakteristika pejzaža koje u Bosni i Hercegovini, IMLA su vremenom evoluirale i Programme: Nürtingen-Geislingen predstavljaju današnju sliku University, Weihenstephan- pejzaža. Također, važno je Triesdorf University of Applied

4 A Landscape Approach for The Polje

Dr Ellen Fetzer IMLA programme HfWU Nürtingen-Geislingen LE:NOTRE Institute Board Vice President of ECLAS European Council of Landscape Architecture Schools

Here we are again in Sarajevo an area that was once the entire triggering this value chain. We with our great friends from various functional urban zone of an urban looked at Sarajevo Polje in the faculties and institutions. What region, including a rural hinterland first place as a landscape unit. It brings us together is a common which was supposed to provide is not just by chance that aim: sustainable landscapes for essential recreational services for tribes settled in this wonderful Bosnia and Herzegovina. the urban dwellers. plain full of natural gifts as early as 5000 BC. They were followed Sarajevo is one of the very Regardless of this specific by Romans, Ottomans, Austrians, few cities in where city Bosnian condition, the country Sarajeveans. What unites them and landscape are symbiotic. is of course not exempt from all is that every cultural group The mountains surrounding general European trends. Across sought for recreation, health and this densely urbanised valley Europe we observe internal nature experience in the Polje. are omnipresent. They have migration to urbanized areas What a great gift for a determined the cities’ morphology and parallel rural abandonment. is it to have such a rich landscape over centuries. However, the With our series of planning in front of its doors. relationship of the urban core and design studios we aim to to its surroundings has been raise awareness for Sarajevo’s The Polje and its numerous challenged in various ways during landscape as a natural, cultural natural and cultural values the past decades. The loss of and economic resource for the are highly under threat. This state-controlled planning after the common good. landscape needs an overall fall of communism gave room for vision, a vision with objectives accelerated urban sprawl. The Infrastructure and capital (both that are shared by all residents left a politically in social and monetary terms) and stakeholders. fragmented country with Sarajevo are needed to turn this resource being only one of many places into tangible and intangible We hope that this brochure will where the former administrative values for the local community. inspire the local community to structure has been broken up. Values are essentially needed for work towards this aim. reactivating Bosnia’s devastated Today, the city is split between the socio-economic basis. A green two entities. Both are governing infrastructure approach could help

5 Landscape Architecture!

Dr.sci. Mersad Omanovic

dipl.ing.hort. President ALA BiH Association of Landscape Architects in Bosnia and Hercegovina

Isa Bey Ishaković - the founder of Yes: desert. Because there is a engineering). There are multiple Sarajevo - could not know how big huge water problem in Sarajevo other questions: spontaneous this city would ever grow. Maybe Polje. Groundwater consumption settlements, consumption of fertile he was aware that the Roman is so high that the plane trees of soil, fragementation, transport, colony of Aquae Sulphurae existed the Great Alley are dying. Their environmental quality, to name only on top of present-day Ilidža at the roots are literally hanging in the a few. Our answer is: landscape west side. But he transformed air because the ground water architecture! Any sustainable whatever cluster of villages there level is running low. What to development is based on an was in the east of Sarajevo Polje do? There is a solution given by interdisciplinary approach. This into a city. Nowadays Sarajevo experts and it will be solved in the brochure is an attempt to introduce extends between those two points. near future but still, this is only landscape thinking in Bosnia and Twelve kilometers of urban desert! a sectoral solution (hydrology Herzegovina. Let‘s go for it! the ilidza trail CONTEXT INTRODUCTION 40 14 8

ilidza as ilica ecorridor Linking PotentiALS STUDIO TEAM 46 20 58 22

re-use & connect agriculture GREEN cilim 52 64 28 CONTENTS

SHAPE IRREGULAR town is back 36 70

IMPRINT BLUE AND GREEN 76 82 Where is the polje?

View from

8 This wonderful interpretative-analytical map was developed by all students of the 2016 MicroMegasLab - ULB studio of architecture. Université Libre de Bruxelles

Thanks for sharing!

9 Contextual Notes

Walking along Željeznica river in the South of Sarajevo Polje

The urban fringe

The specific emphasis of this action is required for assuring Landscape is understood in study project will be on the the sustainable development of this project as the everyday integration of urban planning, urban fringe zones. Urban and environment of people which is environmental protection peri-urban areas are Europe’s the basis of their livelihood. It and landscape architecture key to economic growth, social is the landscape scale at which for building a sustainable wealth and political stability. competing territorial interests development perspective But at the same time this urban need to be negotiated. However, for the urban periphery of productivity is highly threatened people’s site-specific perspectives Sarajevo. It is expected that this if its ecological foundation is and possibilities are the key interdisciplinary cooperation will destroyed. Therefore, sustainable to sustainability, which is why produce innovative solutions growth has become the principal community involvement is crucial. to the planning, design and goal of the Europe 2020 strategy. The landscape perspective should management of dispersed and help building a cross-sectoral fragmented areas in urban The urban fringe is thus an and community-based vision for fringe zones. These areas are excellent laboratory for exploring Sarajevo Polje. characterised by competing the possibilities of integrated interests and land use demands land management leading to of housing, agriculture, tourism, smart integration of different industry, education, traffic, nature demands for example in the protection, water management, form of multifunctional areas that recreation and various other succeed in combining aspects of sectors. infrastructure, water management, recreation, environmental A profound understanding of protection (habitats, soil, water the driving forces shaping these and air), heritage protection, areas combined with creative tourism, agricultural production as procedural and spatial thinking well as structural and aesthetical leading to concrete planning functions.

10 Open river spaces along Željeznica in Ilidza

Top: multifunctional landscapes along Željeznica river, bottom: riverbank regulation is implemented along the river as a consequence of the 2014 floods.

11 THe Green Infrastructure Approach

Green infrastructure functions at a glance, graphic by A. Szilágyi-Nagy

Green Infrastructure is the The has recently from nature, are consciously network of natural and semi- published a green infrastructure integrated into spatial planning natural features, green spaces, communication in which the and territorial development. rivers and that intersperse concept has been defined as Compared to single-purpose, and connect villages, towns and follows: „Green infrastructure (GI) grey infrastructure, GI has many cities. It is a natural, service- is a successfully tested tool for benefits. It is not a constraint providing infrastructure that is providing ecological, economic on territorial development but often more cost-effective, more and social benefits through promotes natural solutions if resilient and more capable of natural solutions. It helps us they are the best option. It can meeting social, environmental to understand the value of the sometimes offer an alternative, or and economic objectives than benefits that nature provides to be complementary, to standard ‘grey’ infrastructure. human society and to mobilise grey solutions.“ (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?u investments to sustain and ri=CELEX:52013DC0249&from=EN) It effectively reduces the need enhance them. It also helps avoid for constructing or renovating relying on infrastructure that is traditional, unattractive uni- expensive to build when nature functional grey infrastructure can often provide cheaper, more elements like concrete pipes, durable solutions. Many of these floodwalls or holding tanks. create local job opportunities. It is a vital infrastructure from Green Infrastructure is based which economic, social and on the principle that protecting ecological benefits can be gained and enhancing nature and if it is managed and planned natural processes, and the many appropriately. benefits human society gets

12 introduction to The Sarajevo Polje Context

Mental map of Sarajevo Polje: M. Virgaux, L. Raphael, A. Damblant, L. de Vataire, M. Benjak

The so-called ‘Sarajevo Field’ is Provisions for engineered flood linked to the western end of the protection have been installed, of Sarajevo where partly with EU funds, however, the river valley widens the extreme flood events of May and eventually opens up to the 2014 also hit this area. Sarajevo large plain shaped by the Bosna Polje is a classical peri-urban River and its tributaries: Dobrinja, case in which competing land use Zeljeznica, Miljacka and Zujevina. interests need to be negotiated The plain is limited in the and solved by multifunctional Southwest by the steep slopes solutions that include the natural of the Igman-Bjelasnica massive assets of the landscape. Taking and to the South-East by low and the ongoing rural-urban migration middle mountains of the Trebebic- trend, future road infrastructure chain. The entire alluvial projects and the increasing role of plateau is strongly shaped by the airport as communication hub the rivers and their catchment into account, the development areas. Urban development is pressure on this area will limited both by topography and inevitably increase in the coming the need to provide extensive years. Therefore, the question areas for water retention because of how to balance the natural of frequent flood occurrences. foundation of this landscape Furthermore, vast territories are with its economic development groundwater protection areas perspective will become ever providing water for the entire city more pressing. and characteristic thermal water areas can be found as well.

13 Sarajevo Polje: A multifaceted landscape

The evolution of a recreational identity

The landscape of Sarajevo Polje was shaped over centuries by agriculture, espacially lifestock breeding, for which the wide meadows and grasslands of the plain were ideally suited. This rare image with Igman mountain in the back shows how we could Livestock breeding and herding in Sarajevo Polje around 1900 imagine those times. When the Austro-Hungarian government took Bosnia over from a fading the new governers immediately identified the recreational potential of the plain, especially around Ilidza. Bosna Spring lakes shortly after construction Water based recreation in Ilidza

A new era started in 1891 with the initiation of the Sarajevo- railway and a new station in Ilidza. Through this investment Ilidza could develop into a recreational and touristic destination not only for Sarajeveans but also Ilidza train station at the beginning of the 20th century for foreigners. The location Bottom: Chestnut Alley to Bosna Spring developed into a prestigious and beginning of the 20th century as vivid spa benefiting from thermal the awareness for public health waters, a tradition that had was raising across society. Ilidza continued since Roman times. kept this spirit during the Yugoslav Hotels, restaurants and a park republic. The city was modernised were build. The Bosna spring and new forms of recreation was designed as a recreation appeared such as camping and area and connected to the famous pick-nick areas like Vrutci centre of the spa by the famous and Stojcevac. Sarajevo Polje chestnut alley. Both are protected became a landscape of recreation landscapes today. Swimming for everybody. All images are taken from public archives and Delcampe in the river was common in the postcard collection

14 Multiple archaeological layers

The polje has been inhabited since 5000 BC because of its favourable natural conditions, fertile soils and the proximity of water from the Željeznica river. The traces of various cultures are too numerous to be mentioned here. The neolithic Butmir culture is famous across the world. The an agricultural college. The main excavation site is located culture was very famous for its on a state-owned farm nearby ceramics. Further archeological Ilidza.The Butmir culture was sites can be found from the discovered by chance in 1893 Romans, who used Ilidza already when the Austro-Hungarian as a spa probably called Aquae government started constructing Sulphurae. Water based recreation in Ilidza

A food landscape under threat

Due to the presence of the many rivers that shaped the plain over thousands of years Sarajevo Polje is in the favourite position of having some alluvial soils with high fertility which are very suitable for agriculture. The more unfavourable soils are usually covered with forests or meadows. According to a comparison of the original (basically pre-war) land designation as defined by the cadastral map and data from Corine land cover reveals a loss of more than 1.600 hectares for Ilidza . These data show that new urbanisation and - partly - illegal housing is taking place on agricultural, i.e. fertile soils. Map and data have been kindly provided by Prof. Dr. Hamid Custovic from the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Schiences at the University of Sarajevo.

15 Sarajevo Polje: A multifaceted landscape

A landscape shaped by water

Water is the core element of Sarajevo Polje. The map shows the environments of Sarajevo around 1910 on an Austro- Hungarian military map. While the city itself has not yet expanded across the valley the rivers of the polje are much more organic than today. The water bodies have not been regulated yet. We can Water network around Sarajevo based on a military map from 1910. imagine this as an ideal habitat for flora and fauna.

This overview also shows that Sarajevo Polje has an important function as a water collection territory as various rivers from the nearby mountains are meeting on the same - limited - space. During strong rain events and snow melt a huge amount of water comes together which causes regular flooding.

Unfortunatley, recent actions for flood prevention are very

conventional, as can bee seen Bosna riverbank regulation under construction in March 2016. on the image below. Rather than seeking for nature-based solutions in order to avoid further flooding downstreams the chosen solution is concrete embankments. It is very likely that this measure will trigger further urban sprawl in the agricultural fields. The pre-war urban development plan used to be very careful and banned construction from this important flood retention areas in the north of Ilidza, where three rivers, Bosna, Željeznica and Mijacka meet.

16 Natural values and protection regimes

The maps here show parts of the recent spatial plan of the canton of Sarajevo. This planning instrument does not cover the entire territory of Sarajevo Polje as it is limited to the east by the boundary to the Serbian entity.

The map on the left shows the layer of environmental protection. Evidently, a large part of the well and conflicts to some extend for biodiversity. This link also polje has been declared water with the protection objectives. enhances the visual quality of protection area and this status is the landscape. On the one hand not new. The reason is that this The map on the right shows it can be stated that protection area serves a the major drinking the layer of cultural and natural efforts for the landscape of water resource for the city of protection. Part of this overlays Sarajevo Polje are in place and Sarajevo. This protection status with the water protection zone effective. On the other hand some is very efficient and urban sprawl nameley the area of the Bosna important changes to the pre-war can only rarely be seen on this Spring natural heritage site. The spatial plan have been made territory. It is a multifunctional Bosna Spring area is linked to the which represent a major threat for landscape with recreational forest protection area of Igman the future. functions. Agriculture exists as mountain which is very beneficial

Important changes in the land use plan

The map on the left shows the 1986 -2015 urban development plan of the canton of Sarajevo still within its prewar limits. The protection regime for water and natural heritage has been kept also in the new plan. But in the northern areas of the polje there have been significant changes. The old plan included clear settlement limits and green buffer Surprisingly, those areas have of agricultural lands as well as zones along the flood-prone disappeared in the new plan. many uncontrolled settlements. areas along the river. Also the The entire area between the new This new designation seems to agricultural areas are clearly highway and Ilidza city center give the area free to urbanisation designated so they can serve has been declared a semi- without consideration of flood also as water retention areas in buildup area with mixed use. protection and green connectivity. the case of heavy flood events. Today, the area still includes a lot A very worrying decision.

17 Sarajevo Polje: A multifaceted landscape

A landscape for people

Sarajevo Polje is a great place to live. The air is fresh and the views are wide and open, framed by Igman and Trebevic mountains. The city with its working places and cultural attractions is easy to reach with the tramway. Even if the is not in the best condition the existence of this connection is a great asset. The section at the top shows graphically the different typologies by which people are surrounded in the Polje. Even if the territory is realitvely small there is a nice diversity of land uses. The upper graphic on the right illustrates the changing relationship of the Polje to the city core.

The map section below shows the village of Hrasnica in the south-western edge of Sarajevo Polje right at the foot of Igman mountain. It is an example of wise urban planning dating back to the . The new development extends the organic ‚mahala‘ patterns one the slopes. It is clearly limited by the water protection area starting beyond the street. One would wish that future developments followed a similar logic rather than spreading out into the territory without any link to existing structures.

18 Thematic Framework of the Studio

An idea repository for the community

60 students teams and 11 • Can natural resources On the following pages the teachers from four universities in become a driving force of outcomes of the students‘ work Belgium, and Bosnia sustainable development? will be presented. All projects are worked together from March 14 • How can the local socio- build on a specific emphasis and -25, 2016, on the landscape of economic condition be perspective of the landscape like Sarajevo Polje. addressed? agriculture, biodiversity, water, housing, culture, traffic - and • Which types of jobs could be While each team developed its many others. Together, they created by multifunctional topics starting from a specific form a rich resource of ideas for landscapes (i.e. urban landscape layer, the following sustainable local development. farming, environmental questions and topics gave the education, tourism, local food overall thematic frame for this We hope that these ideas production and others) studio: and visualisations help the • Which governance and communities of Ilidza, Novi Grad • Mapping the landscape participation models are and their neighbours to envision character and the landscape required? alternative futures in which capacity of Sarajevo Polje • Which financing mechanisms Sarajevo Polje is simply a great • The role of scenarios for could be developed? place for people and nature alike. envisioning alternative developments and their impact on the landscape • Apply the concept of multifunctional and productive landscapes on this urban periphery • What does densification mean and how would an ideal settlement development look like? • How can multifunctionality be implemented in order to reduce space consumption (i.e. combining flood protection, biodiversity and recreation)? • How to envision natural resources as a driving force for sustainable development? • How could a landscape approach help strengthening the identity of Sarajevo Polje? People enjoying the Bosna Spring Photo: GNU Free Documentation License

19 Studio Team ić Erna Husukić Burch/Sarajevo Burch/Sarajevo Sanela Klar Stefan Grundner IMLA Vesna Hercegovac- Vesna Ala BiH Pašić, Ingrid Schegk IMLA Uta Stock-Gruber IMLA Ellen Fetzer IMLA Emira Huk ić Faculty of Forestry Axel Fisher ULB Alain Simon ULB Didier Vancutsem ULB Julie Martineau ULB

20 Title DOCUMENTATION

Project SECTION SECTION TITLE Visual Appearance the concept Sections problems

SARAJEVO POLJE-ILIDZA AS THE BRIDGE Zooming in on the scale of Sarajevo Polje, we were analysing its biggest potential and the greatest where we are from... Group photo

Strategy GUIDING COLOUR MAPS AND ViSUALS

Each project starts with a title page that introduces the project team and gives a short overview about the conceptual idea. In the following pages there is presented and illustrated the group work. To guide you through the brochure each project has its own guiding colour that is shown at the bottom of each page.

21 Linking the Potentials

Šefko Hadžić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University; Luana Rivière (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Romain Boccadifuoco (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Sumeja Dizdarević (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University.

22 Sarajevo Polje as a Bridge

In order to activate Sarajevo Poje‘s and Ilidza need a centre which is rest of the city. Currently, in the hidden potentials we focussed our not far away. Based on that we municipality of Novi Grad, the south ideas on three topics: decided to rehabilitate the former side by the main road is densely (1) The new city centre industrial zone into a new city populated and active while the north Between Alipasino Polje and Stup centre. We want to stop further new side is abandoned and empty. By up until Ilidza there is an industrial constructions on the untouched implementing the idea of a new city zone. It was active during the landscape and instead reuse centre on that location north and Yugoslavian and post-Yugoslavian and renovate the existing empty south of the main road would reach period but today the zone is buildings. The new city centre would a balance. In that way the whole abandonned. Some buildings are include numerous public and private city would be equally active and only while others are used facilities such as a congress hall, a developed, and a balance within the for private commercial purposes. cultural centre, a library, a theatre, a whole city would be reached. The potential of this industrial shopping centre and public spaces. (2) Tourism zone along the Miljacka river is not The new centre would be located One of the greatest potentials of used. According to the Master Plan in Stup where it would connect with Sarajevo Polje is its natural and (1985-2015) of Kanton Sarajevo the existing centre of Ilidza which historical heritage. The natural the neighbourhood of Stup was is expected to develop and finally it heritage is composed of the planned to be a new city centre. will reach the university zone. In that Olympic mountain Igman, the Unfortunately, Stup is today a place way the city would get a new centre spring of the Bosna river, the green of illegal residential buildings, but and connect citizens, students promenade along Zeljeznica river, still the inhabitants of Novi Grad and tourist of Sarajevo Polje to the the untouched protected green

23 zones, the thermal waters and the be emphasized and should have an citizens and tourist but are not agricultural land. The historical easy-accessible way. In that way visited as often as they could heritage of Sarajevo polje counts Sarajevo Polje would have urban due to poor connections. The some Neolithic excavations in zones and zones of untouched tram line currently stops at Ilidza. Butmir, the remains of a Roman nature: two different atmospheres Besides the settlement nodes in villa, bath and bridge, medieval that are near to each other. Sarajevo Polje there are natural and Bosnian gravestones (Stecak) and (3) Mobility historical heritage sites and also the Austro-Hungarian park with All the settlements in Sarajevo a university zone between Ilidza thermal stations. These two are also Polje are connected to Ilidza and/ and Sokolovici. In that zone are touristic potentials for agro-tourism, or Stup with bus lines but they are three universities that are expecting nature experience, mountain hiking not very frequent and sometimes 20.000 more foreign students in and cultural tourism. Our goal is to unreliable. Those settlements are the next ten years, which requires facilitate the access to all the these not connected in terms of public an efficient public transportation areas and elements from the new transportation to the rest of the city, network between the university centre in order to bring tourists to as with the current transportation zone and rest of the city. All touristic Sarajevo Polje. All of the mentioned net people spend a lot of time to attractions should be connected spots could be better connected. reach wished destinations. Urban into one net covering Sarajevo This could be achieved by a satellites like Hrasnica and Hadzici Polje. Bicycle and pedestrian paths promenade along the river which should be connected with the connected to hiking routes on will connect with the alley of Vrelo new city centre. There are many mountain should be developed. Bosne and make a perfect route for recreational zones in Sarajevo hikers. All the historical sites should Polje which are very attractive to

Ilidza Grand Centar

Butmir Doglodi Ilidza Grand Centar Campus Sokolovici

Stup Blazuj Cvjecara Otes Kovaci I Kovaci II Ilidza Hrasnica Luzani Hrasnica Dom Obdaniste Hrasnica Dom Centar Famos

Butmir

Sokolovic

Urbanized areas

Peri-urban sprawl

Agriculture Mountain Kovaci Green spaces

Infrastructures Hrasnica Existing Bus lines Existing Minibus lines Rivers Tram stops Existing Tram lines Tram lines extension within 5 years Tram lines extension within 10 years Tram lines extension within 15 years

24 25 Financing Ideas

Governance of the extension of the tram network by GRAS, public transportation company

Hypothesis There are approximately 500,000 inhabitants in the Canton of Sarajevo assume that only 20% of the population uses public transport this gives a potential user of 100 000 persons

Median number of people Passenger capacity kilometer operating cost Cost / person transported Midian ticket price transported/ h

160 pers 3200 pers 11 KM 28 KM 1.6 KM

Incomes Costs

opening hours: 19h/d 60800 pers/days x 28 KM = 1702400 KM

19h x 3200 pers = 60800 pers/days 11Km x 11KM = 121 KM

60800 x 1.6 KM = 97280 KM 1702521 KM is the daily cost of the network explotation

97280 KM are collected daily from the users

How tcould the daily cost of operation of the network’s extension could be covered ?

Public funding Funding by users Toll of road and parking infrastructures Taxes on employers and business activities Land value

26 GOVERNANCE Ideas Financing scheme for the tram network’s expansion and the surrounding public spaces

Actors International public aid BiH State Private investors International public aid International bodies involved in the creation of transport infrastructure projects to Provide up to 70 % improve the European network. of the budget

Kanton Sarajevo Provide up to 30 % Main funder of the extension of the budget project. Co-coordinator of the master studies work with GRAS. It is responsible for the develop- ment of qualitative public spaces. Common interest Also funding the extension project. The new infrastructure will Kanton Sarajevo participate in their local develop- Financing scheme for the tram network’s expansion and the surrounding public spaces ment.

Private Companies These companies have the skills to carry out the project. Tender o er for Make a technical o er Private companies the project Actors

International public aid Private Investors BiH State Private investors International public aid Could be involved in a partnership with International bodies involved in the public sector. They have important financial means to carry out the project. the creation of transport infrastructure projects to Provide up to 70 % improve the European network. of the budget The project Public transportation company GRAS is the operator of the tram, it Kanton Sarajevo Provide up to 30 % finances the rolling stock and the Main funder of the extension operating costs. of the budget tram operator project. Co-coordinator of the Financing scheme for the tram network’s expansion and the surrounding public spaces master studies work with GRAS. It is responsible for the develop- ment of qualitative public spaces. Common interest Municipalities Public transportation company Also funding the extension project. The new infrastructure will Kanton Sarajevo Actors participate in their local develop- ment. International public aid BiH State Private investors International public aid International bodies involved in Private Companies the creation of transport These companies have the skills to infrastructure projects to carry out the project. Provide up to 70 % Make a technical o er improve the European network. of the budget Tender o er for the project Private companies Kanton Sarajevo Provide up to 30 % Main funder of the extension of the budget Private Investors project. Co-coordinator of the Could be involved in a partnership with master studies work with GRAS. the public sector. They have important It is responsible for the develop- financial means to carry out the project. ment of qualitative public spaces. Common interest The project Municipalities Public transportation company Also funding the extension project. GRAS is the operator of the tram, it The new infrastructure will finances the rolling stock and the Kanton Sarajevo participate in their local develop- operating costs. tram operator ment.

Private Companies These companies have the skills to carry out the project. Tender o er for Make a technical o er Private companies the project Public transportation company

Private Investors Could be involved in a partnership with the public sector. They have important 27 financial means to carry out the project.

The project Public transportation company GRAS is the operator of the tram, it finances the rolling stock and the operating costs. tram operator

Public transportation company Loops in green Cilim

Ilda Kovačević (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University; Apekshya Dhungel (Nepal) IMLA; Adnane Ben Hssain (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Ivana Lilić (Macedonia) IMLA; Lamija Durmiš (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University.

28 Connecting the LOOPS

Sarajevo is a city which was started deviating into two new the three areas within the loops, created and developed under the directions. Development and history the most dynamic in terms of influence of different circumstances. of Sarajevo have led to the creation urbanization was taken for detail The most important influence of more areas/fabrics. Following design. The chosen area for our are the mountains that surround this idea, Sarajevo consists of design is situated in the valley Sarajevo and formed its linear four fabrics consistent with history area which is under influence of development. From the mountains as following: Ottoman, Austro- residential sprawl. The specific several springs flow creating a Hungarian, modernist and informal. community is positioned near by number of rivers. The development the highway and between the rivers of Sarajevo followed these rivers. Through the analysis of these which makes it vulnerable in terms Besides the natural circumstances, patterns, we identified that the of built form as well as flooding, since historical times, there were character of Sarajevo Polje consists but at the same time it is rich with a influences of various cultures, of three main loops. They are huge surface of agriculture areas. religions and political scenarios that created under the influence of the Therefore, the first task was to have shaped Sarajevo‘s built form. mountains, the water protection protect as many agriculture areas zone and the valley. The valley as possible to limit the residential The linear flow of the development is under strong influence of sprawl and to give the community of Sarajevo has led to the point urbanization. A concept for the its new identity within the existing where nature has started resisting development of these loops and form. This mosaic of green and the its linear development. As a the protection of the green areas built forms is the main concept of consequence, Sarajevo Polje has within them is proposed. Among development of various functions

protection connection

29 Productive Neighbourhoods

in the landscape. The development different crops, orchards and animal in these open spaces such as of this area is proposed in two breeding. These areas composed community centers, sports facilities, phases. In the first phase we let of agricultural surfaces provide public spaces, educational institutes the nature and natural boundaries development of urban agriculture and healthcare to make them such as rows of trees, bio swales and also the flow of economic self-sustainable. Also green areas with natural vegetation which will benefits for this community. In the such as parks and kitchen gardens also help in the collection of rain second phase we introduce the will be proposed. With all these water to define the shape of the concept of open space hierarchy. functions the residential units are existing community. The agricultural The important functions within connected internally with each area will be a combination of the neighborhood will be fulfilled other. Community markets and

15 years phase

30 30 years phase production

31 restaurants will provide organic provided in different places in the river and the highway, a buffer products for consumption and community. This connection will be zone is proposed with orchards selling. Moreover, a bicycle path emphasized by organizing various and greenery for protection from along the river passing through the events such as ‘school children in pollution. It also creates visual residential area and the agricultural the farm day’, ‘pick your own fruit barrier towards the highway. fields is proposed. It will become day’ etc. a recreational and sustainable Besides present constrains and connection from the city to this For flood protection we prpopose challenges of Sarajevo Polje, we area. In this way, people passing riparian vegetation which can have concluded that there is still by the community can observe their absorb water to some extent and a good potential for sustainable activity, they can see the farmers in act as natural flood protection with development. the fields and neighborhood organic the help of the vegetation and at the gardens. They will also be able to same time supporting biodiversity. buy the local products in the market On the eastern part, between the

overall scenario of green cilim

32 GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE

This vision can only be possible with the new authority in smaller own food and meet in the open if various groups work together groups. They can collect money areas for community activities. Our and form an institution for the and form cooperatives together proposal for Sarajevo is a ‚loop development. Taking the community with investors. At the beginning, development concept‘ where urban we have chosen as an example, small investments can be made to growth should take the form of we propose a new administrative support the farmers with equipment. loops around the green areas. Each model with the introduction of a The community can also contribute loop holds within itself the values of local development committee. This by proving their waste to make nature and sustainable living. This committee will take care of the local fertilizers. Initial profits can be used concept of green infrastructure can issues involving the community. The to expand the finance through micro lead to a well-managed sustainable committee will be in regular contact business schemes. Later on, bigger city and our proposal of the green with the municipality so that they scale projects can be envisioned. carpet with various landscape act as a link between the urban In this way the small communities mosaic can set an example to and the rural patterns.This concept can become self-sustainable. This influence and inspire others to can be economically sustainable. will also lead to social bonding as make their living areas sustainable, The communities work together they work together to produce their connected to nature and healthy.

Economic model

governance model

33 town is back, back in town!

Alexandre Paul (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Mehmed Hodžic () International Burch University; Mirsa Gishti (Albania) IMLA; Marklen Nakuci (Albania) IMLA; Cyprien Doucy (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles.

34 Protection by DensificaTion

Since June 2015, Bosnia and valley, the low prices in the Polje units with each other and with the Herzegovina has launched its can offer a solution to the expansion center of Ilidza. One of these ways candidature to the European Union. of urban sprawl that threatens is to plan two green corridors before This triggered a new focus on biodiversity. an eventual densification of urban sustainable development in order units. This strategy ensures the to meet European standards. Our The first step is to protect the permeability of biodiversity across work focuses on the maintenance green areas through legislation and urbanization. The first corridor of the biodiversity in Sarajevo Polje. landscape boundaries all around consists of a link to connect all of The main task is to develop the the existing settlements. These the different urban units along the settlements without affecting the landscape boundaries will establish Zeljeznica river while the other potential greens areas. The most a construction limit and also a new one consists in the continuation of sustainable solution is therefore relationship between the urban the green alley in order to create a densifying the valley of Sarajevo and rural environment. The limit touristic axis; – Austro- by constructing housing and public encloses some urban units that can Hungrian thermes – Contemporary facilities in the industrial zone, be speculated by different ways therms. These green connections which is partly abandoned. Given in order to increase the price of improve urban life and tourism as that land prices demonstrate the land. The planning of the tramway they increase land prices through high expense of constructing in the intends to connect those urban public facilities. The second way

35 causes a densification into the of the educational area, since the unidentified settlements. The urban amount of students is increasing sprawl develops as an organic year by year. Through these urban model. The principle is to extensions, the objective is to create construct the streets according a big university pole. The influence to the same pattern. This gives of these public facilities will increase guidance for densification, because the densification of all surrounding the people will construct naturally urban units. The second step will along the streets. In addition, begin after the realization of these the establishment of several three interventions, when the Polje’s public facilities can support the land prices will be equal or higher densification of these zones. The than the valley’s land prices. last suggestion is the expansion 37 38 39 the ilidza trail

Melika Ascerić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University; Victor Selle (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Ilhana Verunica (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University; Nataly Montoya (Columbia) IMLA; Yuxin Wu (China) IMLA; Yannick Etoundi (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles.

40 the TREE MODEL

The Ilidža trail project was raised strongly positioning themselves The river was divided by as a future mobility alternative in this territory like education and outstanding uses or activities for Sarajevo Polje. Through the tourism. The result of this city found in each zone. Among the research and the analysis made dynamics, and the high demand zone we find the Serenity Zone on site, different issues were in mobility, has led the city to (where religious facilities and park identified, where its potentials seek for a restructure in the traffic are found), the City Zone (the and weaknesses were highlighted infrastructure to be more efficient centre of Ilidža), the Tourism Zone guiding the process of the mobility and friendly with the environment. (hotels, Spa facilities and touristic proposal. places are found), Brain Zone In response to these issues, a (where educational facilities are With Ilidža being an important tree model concept has been allocated), Forest Zone and Natural centre, hosting different land uses, implemented. It aims to integrate Zone (mainly with agricultural and it became an important point where the most important places by farming uses). The proposal offers public transport routes start with the different modes of transport, having to enhance the public zones taking aim of connecting different points of Ilidža centre and Vrelo Bosne (an into account the category of each the Polje, serving also as a middle outstanding public park) as the most zone, proposing mainly cycle-paths, point for those who come from the important places to connect. As which can easily connect to public Sarajevo historical downtown as one of the main routes (or root of transport, improving mobility in the main routes end at this point. the tree), it was identified the river area, providing also a pleasant (Željeznica) as the place for the journey for all users while promoting The land use of the sector, final proposal, being an axis that the value of the nature and its predominantly residential use, has crosses important sectors of the countless ecosystem services a been evolving over time reinforcing Polje, suitable for implementing an green infrastructure can provide. this use, however other uses are alternative mobility proposal.

41 42 43 Services Map

44 GOVERNANCE MODEL

Potential Sponsors

45 ecorridor

Martha Virgaux (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Léo Raphael (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Angéline Damblant (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Lola de Vathaire (France) IMLA; Matija Benjak () University of Sarajevo.

46 Connectivity for All

This project builds on the idea of It is important to consider urban We believe that the needs of man reinforcing the ecological structure and open areas in an integrated and nature can be balanced this of Sarajevo Polje and generating way. Ecological structures and way. Sarajevo Polje will become a multiple benefits on that basis. habitats can also continue into rich landscape with a healthy flora The principal design element is the the built-up areas and serve and fauna in which people can ecological corridor. These corridors important functions there. Besides enjoy the many natural benefits that are connecting elements in the the importance of biodiversity the can be found here in direct vicinity landscape that serve as links and ecological corridors are considered to their homes. habitats for flora and fauna. These as multifunctional areas. They could connections also serve as important further become connecting routes structuring elements and support for sustainable transport such as the visual quality of the landscape. cycling and hiking and thus serve The core element is the river itself important recreational functions and as an ecological corridor. But in support public health. We therefore addition to this major link there developed a kind of pattern could also be many vegetation language showing opportunities for patches and lines of trees along ecological restoration for every land the fields which could support the use type that can be found in the overall ecological quality. Polje today.

47 Connecting patches of habitats through corridors along the rivers crossing the Polje...

....and in the urban context of Ilidza

48 Multifunctional zones along the river with high value for biodiversity

Perspective sketch of the new situation

49 Rows of fruit trees and orchards as multifunctional elements: aesthetics, food production, habitat and environmental education

50 51 reconnecting agriculture with the city

Emina Mašala (Bosnia and Herzegovina) University of Sarajevo; Alice Delpeyroux (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Michèle Mannes (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Cherif-Messaoudi (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Erika Jurevičiute (Lithuania) IMLA.

52 Local Green Food Production

The main issue of the Sarajevo of locally produced food in an the total 300 ha will be constantly Polje is continuous population organic and social way, in order to used for agricultural production, growth which raises the question respond to the disappearance of whereas the other one-third will of how to manage food security high fertile land and the continuous serve as grassland for sheep. and urban expansion. In order to pollution of water and soils due to This management is used in order avoid further rural-urban conflicts the densification of settlements and to guarantee a constant natural agriculture needs to be reconnected the uncontrolled use of pesticides. fertilization by using the sheep‘s to the expanding city. The benefits Furthermore, the project’s view is dung and a sustainable and gentle of urban agriculture are grouped to respond to the low income and soil management. into three main categories: social, the high unemployment rate of the environmental and economic. Each population by providing jobs in a In order to increase the total crop category provides different benefits sector of local and healthy food production, the farmers will use which are linked with each other: production. Finally, everything that the method of companion planting. food security, education and training, occurs naturally such as rain or This polyculture consists in planting land quality, water management, job organic material is used in order to different crops in proximity for pest creation, boosting of local economy. reduce the costs of production. control, pollination, etc. For example All those benefits were considered in by growing green bean and lettuce this project. The total area is about 400 ha big, of in proximity, the production can which about 300 ha will be dedicated increase up to 44%. When onions The project itself is located in the to agriculture. This agricultural are used as a third partner, the southern area of the Polje in the field is composed by the existing production can even raise up to water protection zone, due to the private parcels. It will be divided as 80%! When 50 sqm of agricultural already existing but very parceled follows: 220 ha for food production land is needed to feed one person, fields and the mostly unorganized and 80 ha for pasture with about this total area of 220 ha food settlements.The agriculture-based 800 sheep. By rotating the areas of production could fed approximately project focuses on the revaluation production and pasture, two-third of 44.000 people.The agricultural

53 fields will be complemented by of the gained money will directly part will serve as a possible future greenhouses, so that the supply of serve to remunerate the farmers. densification zone, including more sensitive plants like salads or Green classes will receive scholars green corridors between the tomatoes can be guaranteed even to introduce them in local and already existing houses too. Those during cold seasons. organic agriculture and to sensitize have to be considered by future the young in order to guarantee a constructions, so that green spaces The north-western part will provide sustainable future. in between settlements will be kept allotment gardens to the people and unorganized housing will be of Sarajevo City. At the beginning, An experimental field managed by banned. this part will be reduced to 5 ha, the nearby agricultural institute will but can be enlarged in the future. develop new ways of production The whole project will be managed By needing 70 sqm to feed one and share knowledge in the training by one cooperative which will be family, this first area could feed center with the local farmers. The divided into three main parts. The approximately 700 families. The entities will widely be with local cooperative of production will include area will provide common tools and materials, in order to support local the agricultural fields, orchards and equipment, such as hand tools and producers and to reduce long pasture land. The cooperative of the machinery, shared by the farmers distance transits, a recurrent theme market will manage the distribution and stocked in a joint used storage to be found along the whole concept of the products to the local market close to the farm and stables. In of the project. Finally, a retention and in a long term to the wholesale. this way, everyone has the same basin will collect rain waters in The cooperative of education possibility to work on the field, even order to serve as irrigation. The will include the training center for if one has no money or storage room transition between rural and urban farmers, the experimental fields and for personal tools at home. A local will be underlined by green corridors of course the green classes. market area will sell the produced departing from the settlements food to the visitors and consumers and extending to the agricultural around the neighborhood. A part land. Furthermore, the eastern

Master Plan

54 Image above: farm and green classes, image below: distribution centre

55 Image above: urban densification, image below: possible densification areas

56 GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE

57 preserving ilidza as ilica

Ahmed Delić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University; Lefevre Diane (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Huiyi Zhan (Luxemburg) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Esgiona Ntoulelari (Greece) IMLA; Elena Staffoni () IMLA; Anne Faure (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Amsal Mešić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) University of Sarajevo.

58 A place FOR health

The word Ilica derives from Turkish area, the natural resources as living in the same neighborhood, language and means “a place springs and thermal water and creating an exchange of production where to get health”. This is the the high sense of community that goods, knowledge and materials. aim of our proposal for Ilidža and characterize the inhabitants. Both The second is the community for Sarajevo Polje, to preserve, sustainable and people-centric, it scale, proposing a community or better to reacquire the original creates a sustainable development place open for all the inhabitants status of the place by means of a of Sarajevo Polje through a for cultivation and grazing. The Green Infrastructure approach. Green Infrastructure network by third scale is constituted by a big generating economic income, Green Infrastructure network named After the site visit some relevant controlling urbanization, forming agro-touristic park. It includes issues emerged: economic green connection with Sarajevo plots for agriculture exploitation insecurity, illegal houses, pollution city, densifying the city center, and tourist structures like points of and fragmentation of the landscape encouraging education programs view, information points, spas, sport highlight a low quality of life and and avoiding fragmentation. places. The Agro-Park consists of a necessity to find a solution for the crop place, the forestry area and both people and landscape. Our Our concept is based on different the wetland. We would like, with strategy aims to contrast these scales of organization and a global the help of Green Infrastructure, problems and to include the management program. The first is trade network and our management interesting potentials of the area, the private scale, aiming to enhance program, to create a better place for such as the nature protected relationships between people live. The network will start in Ilidža

Behavior Analysis 2

59 but will reach the center of Sarajevo network (for bikes and pedestrian) by Citizen’s associations, Local and all the canton in the future. connects all the different areas. institutions, NGOs and Cooperatives. In the third step the Our detail area is located along the Sustainable governance, partici- goal is to establish communication river Željeznica, from the university pation and finance are vital for between the community and the campus to the confluence of the this project. During the first step experts: the citizens can give Željeznica with the Bosna river. of the process the citizens should advice, make questions, and The area includes a wetland, a be educated through workshops, suggest solutions, until the final forestry and springs area and the seminars and conferences. After decisions are made by municipality center of Ilidža. The presence of that the community will be involved and experts. The four main income the transition zones and a route in the decision making process generator fields are tourism, agriculture, localized urbanization and Green Infrastructure. The incomes will be used for public as well as for private investments (i.e. maintenance expenses, finance young entrepreneurs).

60 61 62 GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE

63 re-use and connect

Edvin Memić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) University of Sarajevo; Zuzanna Banas () IMLA; Dalila Omerbegović (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University; Farah Mougharbel (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles; Roxane Chahidi (Belgium) Université Libre de Bruxelles.

64 Revive the Brownfields

Since Sarajevo was an important In a wider context the project brownfields and abandoned industrial area of the is focused on densification of industries, where we proposed postindustrial areas are still existing industrial areas and mixing uses changes and new uses. In this in Sarajevo Polje. The main idea of within them. We would like to background, the main intervention our concept is to reuse and connect preserve permeable areas by is a proposal for a new residential the remaining brownfields and appointing hotspots with potential area on a huge brownfield. The green spaces. Actions involve the for densification and investment. entire complex is fluently changing restoring of functions of objects or Segregation of the city into zones, function - it becomes a green park adapting them to new activities. Due like “industrial zone” in not anymore with open space facilities. We to the circular economy concept a good idea. By mixing uses also improved the functionality and the importance of green (residential, commercial, industrial of existing green spaces by infrastructure the spaces need to etc.) in every zone and connecting creating attractive hotspots like be connected via green corridors this zones with each other we would amphitheater, public sport facilities, in terms of improving connectivity like to achieve a higher level of viewpoints and resting plazas. The within the region and at a larger sustainability. Connectivity must be entire area is connected by the scale within the city. This will also improved not only in terms of traffic network of pedestrian and car- decrease the fragmentation of lines, but mostly by multifunctional free green corridors that guide the Sarajevo, by taking advantage of human friendly corridors. At visitor between specific points. Each existing greenery and providing the detail scale we present an corridor is connected by a bicycle recreational functions. The overall example of “Re-use and connect” path. goal is to improve the quality of life concept implementation; between in the city. existing infrastructures we selected

65 The project is corresponding to can attract not only the public of the place is growing, better social needs and thus adaptable sector, but also private investors. connections are necessary. A well to EU co-funding requirements. connected and maintained area The local community - aware Due to the benefits that come will attract tourists from the center. of benefits that come from with the project we could predict the investment - should be economic success of the idea. In terms of circular economy, the interested in participating in the Design highly influences sectors area represents many potentials design process. Municipality linked to each other, which - reusing buildings means giving representatives and experts means that by improvement of new function to the brown field. need to insist on involving one, another also benefits. For Old industries give us a possibility the community into a project. example investment on real of reusing materials and products. Only knowing the real needs estate is connected to necessity An additional advantage of of the users and the possibility of implementation facilities and the design is the possibility of implementation, all the ecological uses. They can become of extending the project to advantages, disadvantages, treats elements of green infrastructure. neighboring areas later on. A and benefits of the final outcome green network for Sarajevo would can be sustainable and satisfy People like to live in a good be a great opportunity for the city both sides. A reasonable project environment. As the popularity in terms of future planning.

66 67 68 GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE

69 shaping the irregular

Lasić Dina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University; Shami Maroulla (Jordan) IMLA; Chiriac Oana (Romania) Université libre de Bruxelles; Al Monajed Ruba (Bosnia and Herzegovina/Syria) International Burch University; Jackson Irene (Venezuela) IMLA; Corazza Gianvito (Belgium) Université libre de Bruxelles.

70 the concept

While analyzing the patterns of conditions of the residents by space that is used for agricultural Sarajevo Polje, it appeared that taking advantage of the V5 highway purposes. The traditional concept there is no clear distinction between connecting to Europe for exporting of mahala houses is revived by urban, peri-urban and rural. products. creating spatial rules that control With the absence of strong legal the percentage of buildable land. constraints based on the application A green belt as part of the area- Within residential plots, owners of well-developed zoning and land wide green infrastructure network is are allowed to build up only half of use planning, it is expected that anticipated to provide a wide set of their land, 30% is dedicated to the sprawl will continue to expand on ecosystem services which enhance communal agricultural strip, and the the expense of agricultural land. the quality of life of the residents, rest is left as open spaces that the Very fertile soil will get lost forever. while supporting the resilience of residents can enjoy. A densification the environment. To decrease the scheme is also worked out to guide This pattern of irregularity needs dependence on cars, secondary the development of settlements in a to be reshaped, hence the vision roads are to be converted to one- sustainable and identity-protecting to create a network of settlements way streets. The width of the street manner. An assessment of already- that are self-sufficient in terms of which was formerly occupied by the existing services in the selected food production. These settlements opposite car-lane will be used for settlement has shown the need for are bound by silvo-pastoral usage wider sidewalks which incorporate additional services which have to that will not only prevent the planting schemes. Backyards be provided in the future to increase uncontrolled expansion of sprawl, of houses are to be considered autonomy. but will also enhance the economic collectively as a communal

71 territorial vision and detailing To generate income in a associations. One association constructed in each settlement community-oriented manner, a will involve the expertise of to host these associations, socially responsible business farmers and is focused on while also serving as a hub of model is envisioned for creating the issues of the communal interaction for the community a brand of local products. These agricultural backyards. Another members. To reduce trash products are agriculturally joins the shepherds of the production, organic waste is based and will be exported to area together to coordinate the to be collected separately and Europe using the V5 highway. production of goods that are composted on communal land to Governance within the community sold as part of the local brand. produce natural fertilizer. is achieved by creating different A community center will be

72 73 74 GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE

75 the blue and the green polje

Juliette Leboulleux (Belgium) Université libre de Bruxelles; Dženana Čeliković (Bosnia and Herzegovina) International Burch University; Tabea Crecelius (Germany) IMLA; Emad Mamoua (Turkey) International Burch University.

76 concept

Our vision for the Polje is strongly and livestock farming to ensure with sustainable urban drainage connected to its rivers: a working local food production and support systems to clean the water from flood risk management that self-sufficiency. its biological contaminants. This protects settlements which are decentral cleaning by means of within the defined settlement area The detailing topics mainly deal suitable plants along the rivers to prevent or at least minimize with flood risk management in serves the improvement of water future destructions through combination with water purification quality. Another element are flooding events; the rivers and measures. In order to organize channels which traverse agricultural its surroundings as living and water in case of heavy rainfall and fields in the flood prone area of recreation space for people as well flood, retention spaces and basins the Polje. These channels are as for flora and fauna connected along the rivers are installed. connected to the ground water to through green infrastructure; clean These green areas can also serve pump water and irrigate in case of a water for agriculture and water as attractive green spaces in dry drought and can be flooded in case supply by means of sustainable times and support biodiversity.The of heavy rainfall and/or a flood. In urban drainage systems; agriculture retention spaces are combined order to improve the accessibility of the area community gardens and public green spaces are attached to retention spaces (see focus area). Through different elevations the public green spaces are protected in case of flooding. These multifunctional zones along the river have positive social, environmental and aesthetical impacts.

77 Governance and Financing

The governance scheme shows that the Canton of Sarajevo is the decision maker in this participation process. The canton has to implement educational measures (university studies, programs for farmers, etc.) in order to raise the awareness for environmental concerns. The finance scheme considers the financial support that Bosnia received after the flood of 2014 from the EU and the UNDP but also other parties that would invest money in order to achieve various benefits (e.g. flood risk management will prevent destruction) which serves the economic system of the Polje.

78 79 80 81 IMPRINT

ContactS Editor in Bosnia and Herzegowina Dr Ellen Fetzer HfWU Nürtingen-Geislingen This publication has been (partially) funded University of Sarajevo by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the Faculty of Forestry European Union (ERASMUS International Mobility). Neither the European Commission Emira Hukić nor the project‘s national funding agency are Preprint [email protected] responsible for the content or liable for any Ivana Lilikj, IMLA losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources. International Burch University Ass Prof Dr Erna Husukić Date [email protected] July 2016

Association of Landscape Architects in Bosnia and Hercegovina Dr Mersad Omanović [email protected] in Germany IMLA Programme HfWU Nürtingen-Geislingen [email protected]

82 83 International Master of Landscape Architecture www.imla-campus.eu 2016