borut juvanec ljubljana university, faculty of architecture, slovenia institute of vernacular architecture, ljubljana architecture of water bosna i hercegovina popovo polje inventarization the system

ICOMOS Bosnia and Herzegovina ljubljana 2o15 prof dr borut juvanec, ljubljana university, faculty of architecture zoisova 12, 1 LJUBLJANA insitute of vernacular architecture, Prijateljeva 11, 1 LJUBLJANA Slovenia

[email protected] ljubljana 2o15 borut juvanec, ljubljana university SLOVENIA inventarization

ICOMOS Bosnia and Herzegovina inventarization

< Donje Hrasno Hutovo salaš, corn drying shed ponor mlinica, documented < Neum ponor mlinica, photographed irrigation system, wheels serial mlinica, stream < Trebišnjica classical watermill Melja Međa

Ravno Stolac Mostar > Bosna i Hercegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Hercegovina Mrkonjići POPOVOSedlari POLJE

Žakovo Poljice Dobromani Popovo Crna Gora > Montenegro Hrvatska Staro Slano Croatia Hum TREBINJE Bileća > Nikšić MNE > Pridvorci Herceg rebišnjica Novi MNE > < T

o 18 E < Dubrovnik HR Bosna i Hercegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina salaš / corn drying shed Salaš or corn drying shed is an object for drying and storing the corn. It has the stony basement (sometimes used as the cellar) and the gables in stone. Inbetween can be found the wooden construction of the roof, now covered by the clay tiles. Originally covering of the roof was thatched by the straw or reed - the ‚guvno’ or treshing floor behind the object in Ravno speaks about cereals, not in use today. The side walls are realized in wattle, which stop entrance to the rodents, but it is open to the wind, needed for drying the corn. ponor mlinica Ponor mlinica (mlin) or ponor waterwell, shaft waterwell is an unique system of use the flooding water of the Trebišnjica river. The river overflows all the walley Popovo polje twice a year. The watermill is situated in the stone cylinder, using the water strength on the wooden turbine. Water is then dissappearing into an underground hole (sink, shaft). irrigation wheels Irrigation wheel is the visible part of a pump system, where the system is driven by the river, and water is pumped about five metres higher over the fields. Preserved wheels are today in steel, with the age of approximatelly one hundred years. They are still in work.

supervised by: prof dr Maja Roso Popovac, Univerzitet u Mostaru, Mostar 4 borut juvanec, ljubljana university SLOVENIA popovo polje

salaš 1 corn drying shed, Ravno GPS data: N 42.53,2171 17.57,8614 on 379 metres above the sea

ponor mlinica A gradually mills on the occasionally stream 1 Ravno N 42.55,7177 17.56,7o86 / 243m B ponor (shaft) mill 1 Melja Međa N 42.55,7178 17.56,7o54 / 241m 2 Poljice Popovo N 42.49,4563 18.o4,6729 / 251m 3 Poljice Popovo N 42.49,4o19 18.o4,7528 / 253m 4 Poljice Popovo N 42.49,3921 18.o4,7682 / 253m 5 Poljice Popovo N 42.49,3772 18.o4,6o86 / 253m 6 Poljice Popovo N 42.49,2835 18.o5,o816 / 254m 7 Poljice Popovo, Kusaljevića mlinica N 42.49,2721 18.o5,o817 8 Žakovo N 42.48,44o8 18.o7,5614 / 258m 9 Dobromani Zapad / West ( N 42.47,5464 18.o8,8988 / 27om C Classical mills with vertical waterwheels 1o Pridvorci 1 and 2 (a complex) N 42.41,7897 18.19,9641 / 276m

irrigation wheels irrigation system for the fields near Trebinje N 42.42,3o84 18.19,2614 / 275m

5 borut juvanec, ljubljana university SLOVENIA october 2o15: salaš, corn drying shed

the roof

wind / wattle airation = drying

basement / cellar

guvno / treshing floor*

cross section south view

connection to the water: drying means removing water from something * treshing floor is vivid evidence of existence of the cereals (in the history)

6 borut juvanec, ljubljana university SLOVENIA october 2o15: irrigation wheels

results: rotation and pumping using the water power

pumping the water 5 - 6 m

use of water:driving the wheels by water force pumping the water for irrigation

7 borut juvanec, ljubljana university SLOVENIA ponor mlinica, ponor (shaft) mill october 2o15:

visible level of the last flood

level on October 2o15

Popovo polje with Trebišnjica river

cross section with the river and the mill

normal position of the river, no working mill

the flood (twice a year) and the working mill use of water: driving the waterwheels by water at the floods

8 photo June 2o14 borut juvanec, ljubljana university SLOVENIA ponor mlinica, ponor (shaft) mill the mill architecture groundplan + o.oo m - o.oo m - o.oo m - o.oo m + o.oo m

cross section

the rock the rock

jet of water jet of water

the rock the rock the rock the rock

Kusalovića ponor mill near Poljice Popovo normal position of the water, the flood, no working working mill

the ponor mill at Dobromani, on the left bank of Trebišnjica river photo October 2o15 9 borut juvanec, ljubljana university SLOVENIA the system ponor mlinica, ponor (shaft) mill october 2o15:

The waterwheel at Žakovo, on the right riverbank of the Trebišnjica river

Principle of the turbine work

rotation in the clockwise direction

right angle to the scoop’s surface drive shaft, the spindle

bearing kernel water jet

water scoop light sweeping for the water iron axe design of the primitive water scoop in carpentery work somewhere can be found the iron hoop around the wooden scoops: at Žakovo did not exist or it dissapeared

photo October 2o15 1o borut juvanec, ljubljana university SLOVENIA