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Tarrelos Nº 18 FEDERACIÓN GALEGA DE MICOLOXÍA NÚMERO 18 •NOVEMBRO 2016 NESTE NÚMERO staff PORTADA: Mycena rosea. Autor: Ramón Carlos Encisa Fraga TARRELOS é unha publicación da Federación Galega de Micoloxía. 3 - Limiar CIF: G-36640928 Telf.: 630 493 497 4 - Contribución al conocimiento florístico de los ascomycetes [email protected] bitunicados en Galicia. J. M. C. MARCOTE & J. M. COSTA LAGO Depósito Legal: PO-388/04 ISSN: 1888-7066 13- Gyromitra infula, una interesante recolecta para la micoflora gallega. M. NODAR SANMARTÍN & J. M. COSTA LAGO COORDINA José Luis Tomé Ortega 16- Nueva cita de Gyromitra esculenta para Galicia. R. X. RODRÍGUEZ & S. DE LA PEÑA CONSELLO DE 19- Na cara oculta dos garabullos: pequena contribución a REDACCIÓN Corticiaceae s. l. J. M. COSTA LAGO Jaime B. Blanco-Dios, José Luis Tomé Ortega, 24- Agaricales de las dunas de Galicia (VI): una nueva variedad de Carlos Álvarez Puga. Macrolepiota y algunas combinaciones nuevas. J. B. BLANCO- DIOS 29- Calocybe gambosa en el municipio de Lugo y características de las zonas de micetación. J. ALONSO DÍAZ 35- Guía micológica de la isla de Cortegada. S. DE LA PEÑA FEDERACIÓN GALEGA DE MICOLOXÍA NÚMERO 18 •NOVEMBRO 2016 38- Notes sobre el género Entoloma s.l. en el Noroeste de la Península Ibérica (VIII): Entoloma corunnense, sp. nov. y algunas combinaciones y nombres nuevos. J. B. BLANCO-DIOS 43- Nuevo híbrido de orquídea para Galicia. S. DE LA PEÑA & J. ÁLVAREZ GÁNDARA 46- Dos nuevas localidades de Rumex rupestris (Polygonaceae) en la ría de Arousa (A Coruña-Pontevedra). J. B. BLANCO-DIOS Mycena rosea. Autor: Ramón Carlos Encisa Fraga 50- Anfibios que podemos atopar preto de Pontevedra. J. R. LÓPEZ & A. CASTRO 58- Vézelay: setas en capiteles. J. A. EIROA GARCÍA-GARABAL & E.EIROA ROSADO. 61- Salida de Primavera a Ávila, Toledo y Salamanca (días 20-23 de mayo de 2016). AGRUPACIÓN MICOLÓXICA “A CANTARELA” 63- Láminas: Clathrus archeri y Sarcosphaera crassa. M. NODAR #18 Federación Galega SANMARTÍN de Micoloxía Presidente: C. Álvarez Puga 65- Actividades das asociacións micolóxicas Vicepresidente: F. Riveiro Sanjurjo Secretario: J.L. Tomé Ortega 70- Directorio de asociacións micolóxicas Tesoreira: C. Barreiro González Limiar FEDERACIÓN GALEGA DE MICOLOXÍA NÚMERO 18 •NOVEMBRO 2016 Navia de Suarna, Oimbra, Lobeira, Monterrei, Boborás, Boiro, Chantada, O Carballiño, Muiños, Caldas de Reis, Entrimo, Chandrexa de Queixa, Pontesampaio, Avión, Parque Natural do Xurés, Parque Natural de Corrubedo, Rianxo…. seguro que todos estes nomes soaranvos como fermosos lugares da nosa xeografía e probablemente tamén os coñezades por diferentes motivos; en calquera caso, seguro que diredes que son zonas de extraordinaria beleza, de verde paisaxe e panorámicas inesquecibles e en verdade así é. Pero o motivo da lista anterior, na que faltan multitude de nomes por pór, débese a unha situación especial, estremecedora, triste…. Son os espazos onde os incendiarios outra vez e como cada verán dedicáronse e aínda agora, cando se redactan estas liñas, dedícanse, á súa macabra festa de arruinar o monte e todo o que nel vive: paxaros, animais, insectos, árbores, plantas, fungos, e tamén a forma de vida das personas que, por unha ou outra razón, tiveron que soportar a perda de casas e facendas. Miles e miles de hectáreas queimadas. Nada hai que se libre das tenebrosas lapas, ninguén pode escapar ao insoportable calor do lume; o refrescante vento tan de agradecer nos veráns galegos convértese en propagador e incentivador temible do desastre, e dese vento aproveitáronse de forma criminal ese grupo de marxinados a quen xenéricamente denominamos incendiarios. O ano 2006, outro ano fatídico para Galicia, vímonos na obriga de testemuñar no limiar de Tarrelos nº 8 a nosa tristeza e desazón ante a vaga de incendios daquel ano, e preguntabámoslle a esa raza especial de tarados mentais: onde vivides para seres tan insensibles á natureza que vos rodea?, que inconfesable pracer experimentades cando provocades incendios? non tendes no voso cerebro nin tan sequera unha neurona ordenada que poida apagar esa tolemia incendiaria?... Esas mesmas preguntas seguímolas expondo agora, dez anos despois daquela desfeita, e coma sempre non hai resposta, como cada verán temos que afacernos por desgraza ao repugnante cheiro da vida queimada, vexetal e animal; nada hai, parece ser, que faga que cesen da súa ígnea tolemia. Por canto tempo, amigos, teremos que soportar esta penosa situación? TARRELOS • NOVEMBRO 2016 3 Contribución al conocimiento florístico de los ascomycetes bitunicados en Galicia Contribución al conocimiento florístico de los Ascomycetes bitunicados en Galicia J. M. C. MARCOTE & J. M. COSTA LAGO Asociación Micolóxica Pan de Raposo. [email protected]; [email protected] INTRODUCCIÓN “Ascis bitunicatis, in ascostromate evolutis”. Ha Durante el invierno y la primavera del año en curso, llovido mucho desde que LUTTRELL (1955) los autores de este trabajo realizamos, solos o en describiese con esta expresión el taxón compañía de otros, una serie de expediciones por Loculoascomycetes, al tiempo que lo erigía como diversos puntos de la geografía gallega, con el subclase dentro de Ascomycetes, pero sigue siendo la objetivo principal de recolectar y estudiar relación entre ascostromas (ascoma estromático de Pyrenomycetes, Ascomycetes de morfología variable ontogenia ascolocular) y la presencia de ascos y apariencia generalmente carbonácea, que crecen bitunicados la que mejor define a los miembros de en la madera y/o sobre diversos restos vegetales, cuyo este grupo tan complejo y generoso en especies himenio se desarrolla en el interior de un ascoma (hasta 19.000, según algunos autores) que no hay denominado peritecio. A lo largo de estos meses monografía que consiga abarcarlo. Estos dos clasificamos desde especies que ya eran viejas c a r a c t e r e s p e r m i t e n a d e m á s s e p a r a r conocidas (Annulohypoxylon multiforme, Hypoxylon Loculoascomycetes de Pyrenomycetes, cuyas fuscum, Nemania serpens, Xylaria hypoxylon…) especies poseen ascos unitunicados y ascomas de hasta otras totalmente nuevas para nosotros desarrollo ascohimenial, con peritecios auténticos. (Biscogniauxia anceps, Sillia ferruginea, Whalleya Un ascostroma es una estructura formada por una microplaca, Xylaria cinerea…). Entre estas últimas, masa compacta de hifas, en cuyo interior se Xylaria crozonensis, primera cita para España de un desarrollan los ascos, al tiempo que forman una o hongo que parece gustar de los finisterres (RUBIO et varias cavidades o lóculos (ascostromas uniloculares al., 2016). Mención aparte merecen los o multiloculares), sin que exista ningún tipo de pared Loculoascomycetes (Ascomycetes con ascos verdadera que las separe del tejido estromático, como bitunicados y ascomas de desarrollo ascolocular), pasa con los Pyrenomycetes. Si en Pyrenomycetes término invalidado en la actual era de la hablábamos de peritecio, aquí hablaremos de secuenciación molecular y del cladograma (hoy en pseudotecio (“falsa caja”). Los pseudotecios día hablamos en términos generales de presentan, como veremos, cierta variedad Dothideomycetes) pero que para el aficionado a la morfológica. Así, los pseudotecios uniloculares más o micología de campo sigue teniendo una gran utilidad menos globosos o con forma de botella se denominan didáctica. pseudotecios peritecioides, expulsan las esporas a En este trabajo se describen ocho especies de través de un poro u ostíolo y son difíciles de distinguir Ascomycetes bitunicados no liquenizados ni macroscópicamente de un verdadero peritecio; otras liquenícolas, siete de ellos pertenecientes a la clase veces presentan un aspecto histeriforme (con forma Dothideomycetes. El octavo pasajero es Glyphium de útero), con ascostromas alargados, naviculares, elatum, un hongo con aspecto de mejillón que purga que se abren por lisis a través de una fisura sus pecados en el limbo de las Incertae sedis, como longitudinal central que los recorre y que les da tantas otras especies de este extenso grupo, del que aspecto de grano de café, entonces hablamos de veremos a continuación algunas generalidades. histerotecio, que es el ascostroma típico de la familia 4 TARRELOS • NOVEMBRO 2016 Contribución al conocimiento florístico de los ascomycetes bitunicados en Galicia Hysteriaceae. A veces estos ascostromas, llamados morfología variable (globosas, elipsoidales, también lirelas, se bifurcan y complican, presentando obovoides, fusiformes, cilíndricas, filiformes, rectas o espectaculares resultados como en el caso de curvadas, asimétricas o no…), suelen tener uno o Glonium stellatum. Otras veces presentan un porte más septos, tanto transversales como longitudinales. erecto, fisurado verticalmente, que les da aspecto de Hablamos de didimósporas si presentan un solo molusco bivalvo a los miembros de la familia septo transversal, de fragmósporas cuando presenta Mytilinidiaceae. Un tercer tipo de ascostroma es el varios, y de dictiósporas cuando presentan tanto denominado apotecioide, pues recuerda a los típicos septos transversales como longitudinales. Suelen apotecios de los Discomycetes, como es el caso de apreciarse constricciones a la altura de los septos, Patellaria atrata, un disco negro como los pecados. sobre todo en el central. También nos fijaremos en su Todos estos ascomas son en general de talla diminuta tamaño, ornamentación y pigmentación, que puede y de colores negruzcos, y muchas veces se ser más o menos uniforme. En general es la encuentran inmersos o semiinmersos en el sustrato, microscopía, rica y variada, la que
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