DOCSLIB.ORG

The Gray-Hooded Gull in North America: First Documented Record

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Gray-Hooded Gull in North America: First Documented Record The Gray-hooded Gull in North America: First DOcumented Rec.d Figure1. AdultGray-hooded Gull in alternateplumage at Apalachicola,Franklin County, Florida, Z6 December1998, resting on roof of boat. Notethe uprightposture, moderately long carminebill and carminetarsi, carmineorbital, pale iris, well- definedpale gray hood with darkerposterior margin, and palegray mantle, scapulars, and secondaries.Photograph/T. L. Lewis DOUGLAS B. HCNAIR * DESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION The Gray-hoodedGull hadan uprightposture, was smaller and slim- merthan a Ring-billedGull, similar in sizeto a LaughingGull. Its bill nGray-hooded26 December (Gray-headed) 1998,I discovered Gull an Larusalternate-plumaged cirrocephalus onadult the wasmoderately long and thick,carmine with no blacktip (Fig. 1); waterfrontalong Scipio Creek at the boat landingbeside the head- the gonydealangle was not pronounced.The tarsusand feet were quartersfor St. VincentNational Wildlife Refugeat Apalachicola, alsocarmine, the nailsblack; the tarsiwere fairly long. The orbital FranklinCounty, Florida. I watchedthe bird from 1030-1215hr; T. ring wascarmine, the iris paleyellowish-white, the pupil dark.The L. Lewisjoined me towardthe endof thisperiod. The Gray-hooded Gull associatedwith other gulls,mainly LaughingL. atricillaand well-definedpale gray hood, which extended only to the hind crown Ring-billedL. delawarensis,at discarded calico scallop shell mounds, behindthe ear,was darker at the posteriormargin (Fig. 1). It lacked resultingfrom a boom scallopharvest. The gull spentmost of its whiteeye crescents, but had a completediffuse whitish eyering con- timefeeding on theviscera of scallopsgit also joined other gulls rest- trastingwith the orbital.The slopedforehead had a smallwhitish ing on paved,gravel, or shellyroadsides along the waterfrontand patchabove the baseof the bill, with a smallerwhite patchon the aboveground on boats,buildings, and pilings.It permitteda close chin. The white hindneckseparated the hood from the mantle and approach,but wasnot tame.I baitedit with breadand attemptedto rump,which were gray, lighter than on a LaughingGull, but slightly captureit with a butterflynet but wasunsuccessful (although I cap- darkerthan on a Ring-billedGull. Most of the wing covertswere the turedand releasedother gulls that werepresent at the sametime by sameshade of grayas the mantle.The wingswere fairly broad and this method, includingan immature Franklin'sGull L. pipixcan long.The upperwingshad a prominentwhite leading edge, the white [TTRSP650-654], which is locallyrare). After the last attemptto beingmost extensive on the middleprimaries and primarycoverts. captureit, the Gray-hoodedGull departedand flew off aloneto the The wing tip wasmostly a largeblack triangle, which extendedup eastacross the ApalachicolaRiver and over the inaccessible marshes. boththe leading and trailing edge (Fig. 2). Blackfeathers on thetrail- NeitherT. L. Lewisnor I relocatedit. The previousday I locatedsix ing edgeof severalmiddle primaries had tiny paletips. A large,white, Franldin'sGulls at the samesite, including one salvagedspecimen andshort rectangular subterminal mirror waspresent on eachof the (McNair et al. 2000). two outermostprimaries. The mirror of the outermostprimary (p10), whichwas larger, extended across to the trailingedge of the feather,but the mirror on p9 did not extendto the trailingedge of * TallTimbers Research Station. 13093 Henry Beadel Drive, Tallahassee, the featheron the undersideof the wing (Fig.3). The undersideof Florida 32312-0918 thewings lacked a whiteleading edge. The underside of theprimaries VOLUME53 (1999), ISSUE3 337 (Ridgely1976, Ridgely and Gwynne 1989). A purportedsub-adult discoverednear Folly Beach, Charleston County, South Carolina, 17 I February1987 was collected in mid-March and determined tobe a hybrid"hooded" x "white-headed" gull,probably Laughing x Her- ringL. argentatus (LeGrand 1987, W. Post in littO.Thus, this Gray- hoodedGull record from Florida is the first for theUnited States, the firstphotographically documented occurrence forNorth America, andwas unanimously (7-0) accepted bythe Florida Ornithological SocietyRecords Committee (FOSRC 99-396). Its occurrence paral- leledthe occurrenceof onein Spain,also an adultfrom coastal marshes(Ree 1973, Grant 1982), until a juvenilewas discovered at Gibraltar17August 1992 (Vavrik unpubl.). There are five additional occurrencesfrom the Mediterraneanregion, all in North Africa Figure2. AdultGray-hooded Gull in alternateplumage (Vavrikunpubl.). atApalachicola• Franklin County• Flodda, 26 December lgg8, inflight over Scipio Creek. Note the prominent white leading edge ORIGIN onthe upperwing andthe black wing tip with one large white subterminalmirror on eachof the two outermostprimaries. Thenatural occurrence of this gull is unknown,and making that Photograph/D.B. HcNair determinationforany bird is difficult. Choices range from natural unassistedvagrancy from either South America or Africa to assisted passageor escapefrom captivity. Its occurrenceat a remoteestuary wasdark (except for the two white mirrors), although paler than the in a smallharbor where it scavengedfor food--typicalbehavior in blackwing tips on the upperside; theunderside ofthe secondaries thispreferred habitat inits normal range (Tovar and Ashmole 1970, andall wing coverts were light gray, paler than the gray upperside of Crampand Simmons 1983, Cooper etal. 1984, Urban et al. 1986)- thewings (Fig. 3). The underparts, under- and uppertail coverts, and supportsnatural vagrancy, despite the absenceof occurrences tailwere white. The tip of the tail was worn considerably. Numerous between Panama and Florida.Its abradedtail tip mighthave been colorphotographs byT. L. Lewisand me verify these characters from captivity, but the otherwise fresh plumage, including the wing (TTRSP655-664). The bird called twice, giving a shortlow kwaah tips,suggests otherwise. Robertson andWoolfenden (1992) did not superficiallyresembling anabbreviated callof a hoarseAmerican list the Gray-hooded Gullas having occurred asan exotic in Florida, CrowCorvus brachyrhynchos. andthe December 1997 International Species Inventory List did not Thecombination of soft-part and plumage characters, especially list the species inany official registered facility in the New World, nor the carminebill andtarsi, pale iris, and diagnostic wing pattern, did SeaWorld of Orlandokeep any in captivity.Earlier lists (see eliminateall possible species of"hooded" gulls in theworld except Smithand Smith 1995), going back to 1994,also did notlist the forthe Gray-hooded, including species such as the Silver Gull (= species,nordo U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service import files (usually Red-billedGull L. n. novaehollandiae[Grant 1982, Harrison 1983]). heldfor only five years; C. Skouderpers. comm.). Private unregis- The Floridabird wasan adultin alternate(breeding) plumage, in at teredcollections of exoticbirds could possibly hold Gray-hooded leastits third year (Grant 1982, Harrison 1983). Characters thatiden- Gulls,but I did not obtainsuch information from these sources. tifythe bird as a Gray-hooded Gullalso eliminated thepossibility of In Florida,because none of the Band-tailedGulls L. belcheri, anatural hybrid "hooded" x "white-headed" gull(e.g., Black-headed another vagrant from South America, showed signs of previous cap- L. ridibundusx Ring-billed Gull [Richards and Gill 1976, Weseloh tivity nor were any known to have been imported, Robertson and andMineau 1986, Nikula 1993]), an exotic hybrid (e.g., Silver Gull x Woolfenden(1992) believed these birds probably also represented "hooded"gull species [Richards and Gill 1976]), or anaberrantly- natural, perhaps ship-assisted, occurrences. plumaged"hooded" gull (e.g., Black-headed Gull[Jorgensen 1984], Despitemuch smaller populations onthe Pacific than the Atlantic LaughingGull [Grant 1982, Postmus and Postmus 1996]). coast(Murphy 1936, Harrison 1983, del Hoyo 1996), if theGray- Crampand Simmons (1983) and Harrison (1983), following hooded Gull was a naturalvagrant the most likely source of origin Dwight(1925), recognized twosubspecies ofthe Gray-hooded Gull, basedon proximity toFlorida is the Pacific coast of South America, L.c. cirrocephalus ofSouth America and L. c. poiocephalus ofAfrica. wherethe species breeds north to Ecuador (Ridgely and Wilcove 1979, L.c. cirrocephalus haslarger, longer mirrors, a paler gray saddie and Harrison1983, Duffy and Hurtado 1984, AOU 1998). This conclusion upperwings,anda largerbill and body size than does L. c.poio- issupported byrecords along the Pacific and Gulf coasts ofNorth cephalus.These differences areslight (Dwight 1925) and difficult or Americawithin the last 30 years of threeother species of southern impossibleto assess from photographs. P.Hockey, P.Ryan, and I. hemisphericgullsnormally restricted tothe Pacific coast of South Sindair(pets. comm.) informed me the bill of the Gray-hooded Gull America,the Gray L. modestus, Band-tailed (Belcher's), andSwallow- inFlorida appears tobe too short and compact, thelegs too long, and tailedCreagrusfurcatus gulls(Olson 1976, Stevenson etal. 1980, Muth thelegs and feet too brightly colored tofit anAfrican bird. It had 1988,Robertson and Woolfenden 1992, Stevenson and Anderson largemirrors, which also suggests thatit mayhave been of the nom- 1994,AOU 1998, Lethaby and Bangma 1998, M. M. Rogersin litt.). inaterace (Dwight 1925), but the bird could not be positively identi- TheKelp Gull L. dominicanus hasoccurred along the Gulf coast of fiedto subspecieswith
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Order CHARADRIIFORMES: Waders, Gulls and Terns Suborder LARI
    Text extracted from Gill B.J.; Bell, B.D.; Chambers, G.K.; Medway, D.G.; Palma, R.L.; Scofield, R.P.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Worthy, T.H. 2010. Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. 4th edition. Wellington, Te Papa Press and Ornithological Society of New Zealand. Pages 191, 223 & 227-228. Order CHARADRIIFORMES: Waders, Gulls and Terns The family sequence of Christidis & Boles (1994), who adopted that of Sibley et al. (1988) and Sibley & Monroe (1990), is followed here. Suborder LARI: Skuas, Gulls, Terns and Skimmers Condon (1975) and Checklist Committee (1990) recognised three subfamilies within the Laridae (Larinae, Sterninae and Megalopterinae) but this division has not been widely adopted. We follow Gochfeld & Burger (1996) in recognising gulls in one family (Laridae) and terns and noddies in another (Sternidae). The sequence of species for Stercorariidae and Laridae follows Peters (1934) and for Sternidae follows Bridge et al. (2005). Family LARIDAE Rafinesque: Gulls Laridia Rafinesque, 1815: Analyse de la Nature: 72 – Type genus Larus Linnaeus, 1758. Genus Larus Linnaeus Larus Linnaeus, 1758: Syst. Nat., 10th edition 1: 136 – Type species (by subsequent designation) Larus marinus Linnaeus. Gavia Boie, 1822: Isis von Oken, Heft 10: col. 563 – Type species (by subsequent designation) Larus ridibundus Linnaeus. Junior homonym of Gavia Moehring, 1758. Hydrocoleus Kaup, 1829: Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw.: 113 – Type species (by subsequent designation) Larus minutus Linnaeus. Chroicocephalus Eyton, 1836: Cat. Brit. Birds: 53 – Type species (by monotypy) Larus cucullatus Reichenbach = Larus pipixcan Wagler. Gelastes Bonaparte, 1853: Journ. für Ornith.
    [Show full text]
  • US Fish & Wildlife Service Seabird Conservation Plan—Pacific Region
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Seabird Conservation Plan Conservation Seabird Pacific Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Seabird Conservation Plan—Pacific Region 120 0’0"E 140 0’0"E 160 0’0"E 180 0’0" 160 0’0"W 140 0’0"W 120 0’0"W 100 0’0"W RUSSIA CANADA 0’0"N 0’0"N 50 50 WA CHINA US Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Region OR ID AN NV JAP CA H A 0’0"N I W 0’0"N 30 S A 30 N L I ort I Main Hawaiian Islands Commonwealth of the hwe A stern A (see inset below) Northern Mariana Islands Haw N aiian Isla D N nds S P a c i f i c Wake Atoll S ND ANA O c e a n LA RI IS Johnston Atoll MA Guam L I 0’0"N 0’0"N N 10 10 Kingman Reef E Palmyra Atoll I S 160 0’0"W 158 0’0"W 156 0’0"W L Howland Island Equator A M a i n H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s Baker Island Jarvis N P H O E N I X D IN D Island Kauai S 0’0"N ONE 0’0"N I S L A N D S 22 SI 22 A PAPUA NEW Niihau Oahu GUINEA Molokai Maui 0’0"S Lanai 0’0"S 10 AMERICAN P a c i f i c 10 Kahoolawe SAMOA O c e a n Hawaii 0’0"N 0’0"N 20 FIJI 20 AUSTRALIA 0 200 Miles 0 2,000 ES - OTS/FR Miles September 2003 160 0’0"W 158 0’0"W 156 0’0"W (800) 244-WILD http://www.fws.gov Information U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to the Birds of Barrow Island
    A Guide to the Birds of Barrow Island Operated by Chevron Australia This document has been printed by a Sustainable Green Printer on stock that is certified carbon in joint venture with neutral and is Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC) mix certified, ensuring fibres are sourced from certified and well managed forests. The stock 55% recycled (30% pre consumer, 25% post- Cert no. L2/0011.2010 consumer) and has an ISO 14001 Environmental Certification. ISBN 978-0-9871120-1-9 Gorgon Project Osaka Gas | Tokyo Gas | Chubu Electric Power Chevron’s Policy on Working in Sensitive Areas Protecting the safety and health of people and the environment is a Chevron core value. About the Authors Therefore, we: • Strive to design our facilities and conduct our operations to avoid adverse impacts to human health and to operate in an environmentally sound, reliable and Dr Dorian Moro efficient manner. • Conduct our operations responsibly in all areas, including environments with sensitive Dorian Moro works for Chevron Australia as the Terrestrial Ecologist biological characteristics. in the Australasia Strategic Business Unit. His Bachelor of Science Chevron strives to avoid or reduce significant risks and impacts our projects and (Hons) studies at La Trobe University (Victoria), focused on small operations may pose to sensitive species, habitats and ecosystems. This means that we: mammal communities in coastal areas of Victoria. His PhD (University • Integrate biodiversity into our business decision-making and management through our of Western Australia)
    [Show full text]
  • The Herring Gull Complex (Larus Argentatus - Fuscus - Cachinnans) As a Model Group for Recent Holarctic Vertebrate Radiations
    The Herring Gull Complex (Larus argentatus - fuscus - cachinnans) as a Model Group for Recent Holarctic Vertebrate Radiations Dorit Liebers-Helbig, Viviane Sternkopf, Andreas J. Helbig{, and Peter de Knijff Abstract Under what circumstances speciation in sexually reproducing animals can occur without geographical disjunction is still controversial. According to the ring species model, a reproductive barrier may arise through “isolation-by-distance” when peripheral populations of a species meet after expanding around some uninhabitable barrier. The classical example for this kind of speciation is the herring gull (Larus argentatus) complex with a circumpolar distribution in the northern hemisphere. An analysis of mitochondrial DNA variation among 21 gull taxa indicated that members of this complex differentiated largely in allopatry following multiple vicariance and long-distance colonization events, not primarily through “isolation-by-distance”. In a recent approach, we applied nuclear intron sequences and AFLP markers to be compared with the mitochondrial phylogeography. These markers served to reconstruct the overall phylogeny of the genus Larus and to test for the apparent biphyletic origin of two species (argentatus, hyperboreus) as well as the unex- pected position of L. marinus within this complex. All three taxa are members of the herring gull radiation but experienced, to a different degree, extensive mitochon- drial introgression through hybridization. The discrepancies between the mitochon- drial gene tree and the taxon phylogeny based on nuclear markers are illustrated. 1 Introduction Ernst Mayr (1942), based on earlier ideas of Stegmann (1934) and Geyr (1938), proposed that reproductive isolation may evolve in a single species through D. Liebers-Helbig (*) and V. Sternkopf Deutsches Meeresmuseum, Katharinenberg 14-20, 18439 Stralsund, Germany e-mail: [email protected] P.
    [Show full text]
  • A Recently Formed Crested Tern (Thalasseus Bergii) Colony on a Sandbank in Fog Bay (Northern Territory), and Associated Predation
    Northern Territory Naturalist (2015) 26: 13–16 Short Note A recently formed Crested Tern (Thalasseus bergii) colony on a sandbank in Fog Bay (Northern Territory), and associated predation Christine Giuliano1,2 and Michael L. Guinea1 1 Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. Email: [email protected] 2 60 Station St, Sunbury, VIC 3429, Australia. Abstract A Crested Tern colony founded on a sandbank in northern Fog Bay (Northern Territory) failed in 1996 presumably due to inexperienced nesters. Attempts to breed in the years following were equally unsuccessful until 2012 when the colony was established. In 2014, the rookery comprised at least 1500 adults plus numerous chicks. With the success and growth of the colony, the predators, White-bellied Sea Eagles and Silver Gulls, were quick to capitalise on the new prey. Changes in the species diversity and numbers of the avifauna highlight the dynamic and fragile nature of life on the sandbanks of Fog Bay. Crested Terns (Thalasseus bergii) are the predominant colonial-nesting sea birds in the Northern Territory, with at least five islands supporting colonies of more than 30 000 nesting birds each year (Chatto 2001). These colonies have appeared stable over time with smaller satellite colonies located in the vicinity of the major rookeries. Silver Gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) and White-bellied Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus leucogaster) prey heavily on the adults and chicks (Chatto 2001). In December 1989, Guinea & Ryan (1990) documented the avifauna and turtle nesting activity on Bare Sand Island (12°32'S, 130°25'E), a 20 ha sand dune island with low shrubs and a few trees.
    [Show full text]
  • First Confirmed Record of Belcher's Gull Larus Belcheri for Colombia with Notes on the Status of Other Gull Species
    First confirmed record of Belcher's Gull Larus belcheri for Colombia with notes on the status of other gull species Primer registro confirmado de la Gaviota Peruana Larus belcheri para Colombia con notas sobre el estado de otras especies de gaviotas Trevor Ellery1 & José Ferney Salgado2 1 Independent. Email: [email protected] 2 Corporación para el Fomento del Aviturismo en Colombia. Abstract We present photographic records of a Belcher's Gull Larus belcheri from the Colombian Caribbean region. These are the first confirmed records of this species in the country. Keywords: new record, range extension, gull, identification. Resumen Presentamos registros fotograficos de un individuo de la Gaviota Peruana Larus belcheri en la region del Caribe de Colombia. Estos son los primeros registros confirmados para el país. Palabras clave: Nuevo registro, extensión de distribución, gaviota, identificación. Introduction the Pacific Ocean coasts of southern South America, and Belcher's Gull or Band-tailed Gull Larus belcheri has long Olrog's Gull L. atlanticus of southern Brazil, Uruguay and been considered a possible or probable species for Argentina (Howell & Dunn 2007, Remsen et al. 2018). Colombia, with observations nearby from Panama (Hilty & Brown 1986). It was first listed for Colombia by Salaman A good rule of thumb for gulls in Colombia is that if it's not et al. (2001) without any justification or notes, perhaps on a Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla, then it's interesting. the presumption that the species could never logically have A second good rule of thumb for Colombian gulls is that if reached the Panamanian observation locality from its it's not a Laughing Gull, you are probably watching it at Los southern breeding grounds without passing through the Camarones or Santuario de Fauna y Flora Los Flamencos, country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mallophaga of New England Birds James Edward Keirans Jr
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1966 THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS JAMES EDWARD KEIRANS JR. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation KEIRANS, JAMES EDWARD JR., "THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS" (1966). Doctoral Dissertations. 834. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/834 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 67—163 KEIRANS, Jr., James Edward, 1935— THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS. University of New Hampshire, Ph.D., 1966 E n tom ology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS BY JAMES E.° KEIRANS, -TK - A. B,, Boston University, i960 A. M., Boston University, 19^3 A THESIS Submitted to The University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of Zoology June, 1966 This thesis has been examined and approved. May 12i 1966 Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my thanks to Dr. James G. Conklin, Chairman, Department of Entomology and chairman of my doctoral committee, for his guidance during the course of these studies and for permission to use the facilities of the Entomology Department. My grateful thanks go to Dr. Robert L.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Gulls: Problems and Solutions Peter Rock
    Urban gulls: problems and solutions Peter Rock ABSTRACT Urban-nesting by Herring Larus argentatus and Lesser Black- backed Gulls L. fuscus in Britain began in the 1940s, but became established as a national phenomenon in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Since that time, numbers have grown exponentially, fuelled by ample food, high breeding success and apparently limitless habitat. Many towns and cities in Britain & Ireland now support growing colonies and it is estimated that, in 2004, the total population of roof-nesting gulls exceeded 120,000 pairs. Herring and Lesser Black-backed Gulls are opportunistic and omnivorous, taking advantage of a wide range of feeding situations.The urbanbreeding population in the Severn Estuary Region has increased from an estimated 2,632 pairs in 1994 to 23,930 pairs in 2004. Further increases on this scale would see the population in this region exceed 200,000 pairs by 2014 and a national population of more than one million pairs of urban-nesting gulls. he total costs to the community associ- Roof-nesting by gulls in Britain ated with the problems of urban-nesting A brief history Tgulls in Britain are already considerable, Roof-nesting by large gulls in Britain was virtu- and look set to multiply. Owing to their noisy ally unknown before the 1940s. Although there and aggressive nature, urban gulls are already a were occasional and isolated records of gulls major concern for residents, businesses, visitors nesting on rooftops before 1940, colonisation and those who have to address the problems. began between the early 1940s and the mid Increasing media attention continues to high- 1960s, chiefly in coastal towns (Parslow 1967).
    [Show full text]
  • Incidence of a Haemoproteus Lari Parasitemia in a Threatened Goll
    Ornis Fennica 72:159-164 1995 Incidence of a Haemoproteuslari parasitemia in a threatened Goll: Larus audouinii Xavier Ruiz, Daniel Oro & JacobGonzález-Solís Ruiz, X., Oro, D., González-Solís, J., Dept. de BiologiaAnimal (Vertebrats), Universitat : de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645. 08028-Barcelona, Spain ~ Received 15 August 1995, accepted 11 October 1995 Data on haematozoan parasiternias in Laridae are scarce and, since blood parasites may influence birds fitness, it is important to report their incidence in threatenedspecies such as Audouin' s Gull. Blood smearsof 90 Audouin' s Gulls caught during incubation at their two main breeding sites, fue Ebro Delta and fue Chafarinas Islands, were exarnined for Haemoproteus lari parasiternia. Overall prevalence of fue parasite was 92.1 % for fue Chafarinas Is. and 28.9% for fue Ebro Delta. To OUTknowledge, prevalences reported in ¡~' this study are fue highest ever recorded for Laridae. Differences in prevalence between localities were significant, but not differences between fue sexes within each locality. Males were more intenselyparasitized than femalesin Chafarinas,and gulls from Chafarinas were more intensely parasitized than those from fue Ebro Delta. Differences in intensity were also checked using data from sympatric Yellow-legged Gulls, L. cachinnans, and only fue factor locality was significant. There was no significant relationship betweenbody condition and intensity of parasiternia in males or females in either locality. These data indicate higher susceptibility to H. lari for gulls breeding at fue Chafarinas Islands. ~_. Introduction infections in wild birds are neededto evaluate their potential effects (Bennett et al. 1992, May 1995), The interaction ofhaematozoa and their avian hosts particularly in fue case of rafe or endangered spe- has received increasedattention since parasiteshave cies, as such Audouin' s Gull, one of fue few SPEC : been recognized as agents influencing many host species (Species ofEuropean Conservation Con- fitness components (reviews by M011eret al.
    [Show full text]
  • SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does Not Include Alcidae
    SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does not include Alcidae CREATED BY AZA CHARADRIIFORMES TAXON ADVISORY GROUP IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZA ANIMAL WELFARE COMMITTEE Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Charadriiformes Taxon Advisory Group. (2014). Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Original Completion Date: October 2013 Authors and Significant Contributors: Aimee Greenebaum: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Vice Chair, Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA Alex Waier: Milwaukee County Zoo, USA Carol Hendrickson: Birmingham Zoo, USA Cindy Pinger: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Chair, Birmingham Zoo, USA CJ McCarty: Oregon Coast Aquarium, USA Heidi Cline: Alaska SeaLife Center, USA Jamie Ries: Central Park Zoo, USA Joe Barkowski: Sedgwick County Zoo, USA Kim Wanders: Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA Mary Carlson: Charadriiformes Program Advisor, Seattle Aquarium, USA Sara Perry: Seattle Aquarium, USA Sara Crook-Martin: Buttonwood Park Zoo, USA Shana R. Lavin, Ph.D.,Wildlife Nutrition Fellow University of Florida, Dept. of Animal Sciences , Walt Disney World Animal Programs Dr. Stephanie McCain: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Veterinarian Advisor, DVM, Birmingham Zoo, USA Phil King: Assiniboine Park Zoo, Canada Reviewers: Dr. Mike Murray (Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA) John C. Anderson (Seattle Aquarium volunteer) Kristina Neuman (Point Blue Conservation Science) Sarah Saunders (Conservation Biology Graduate Program,University of Minnesota) AZA Staff Editors: Maya Seaman, MS, Animal Care Manual Editing Consultant Candice Dorsey, PhD, Director of Animal Programs Debborah Luke, PhD, Vice President, Conservation & Science Cover Photo Credits: Jeff Pribble Disclaimer: This manual presents a compilation of knowledge provided by recognized animal experts based on the current science, practice, and technology of animal management.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
    Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose
    [Show full text]
  • Laridaerefspart1 V1.2.Pdf
    Introduction This is the first of two Gull Reference lists. It includes all those species of Gull that are not included in the genus Larus. I have endeavoured to keep typos, errors, omissions etc in this list to a minimum, however when you find more I would be grateful if you could mail the details during 2014 & 2015 to: [email protected]. Grateful thanks to Wietze Janse (http://picasaweb.google.nl/wietze.janse) and Dick Coombes for the cover images. All images © the photographers. Joe Hobbs Index The general order of species follows the International Ornithologists' Union World Bird List (Gill, F. & Donsker, D. (eds.) 2014. IOC World Bird List. Available from: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ [version 4.2 accessed April 2014]). Cover Main image: Mediterranean Gull. Hellegatsplaten, South Holland, Netherlands. 30th April 2010. Picture by Wietze Janse. Vignette: Ivory Gull. Baltimore Harbour, Co. Cork, Ireland. 4th March 2009. Picture by Richard H. Coombes. Version Version 1.2 (August 2014). Species Page No. Andean Gull [Chroicocephalus serranus] 19 Audouin's Gull [Ichthyaetus audouinii] 37 Black-billed Gull [Chroicocephalus bulleri] 19 Black-headed Gull [Chroicocephalus ridibundus] 21 Black-legged Kittiwake [Rissa tridactyla] 6 Bonaparte's Gull [Chroicocephalus philadelphia] 16 Brown-headed Gull [Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus] 20 Brown-hooded Gull [Chroicocephalus maculipennis] 20 Dolphin Gull [Leucophaeus scoresbii] 31 Franklin's Gull [Leucophaeus pipixcan] 34 Great Black-headed Gull [Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus] 41 Grey Gull [Leucophaeus
    [Show full text]