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In the Evros Delta 40 Gulls and Terns in the Evros delta Breeding distribution of Gulls and Terns (Laridae, Sternidae) in the Evros delta (Greece) by Vassilis Goutner and Marios Kattoulas 1. Introduction chelidon nilotica, Sterna hirundo and In this paper are presented data dealing In the Evros delta breed today in notice­ Sterna albifrons (Bauer & M uller 1969). with the breeding distribution of these able numbers some species of the subor­ Furthermore, breeding ofSterna sadvi- birds. der Lari, despite the intensive biotope censis has been recently observed (B. changes of the last thirty years. Hallmann , pers. comm.) and we descri­ bed the first breeding of Larus melano- 2. Study area The well known breeding Lari of the re­ cephalus which happened in 1981 (Gout­ The areas in the delta used by Lari for gion have been Larus argentatus, Gelo-ner, in press). breeding, were the coastal islets; also, two of those existing in the fish-pond area »Drana« (Fig. 1). The vegetation of the coastal islets is am- mophile and halophytic (Goutner, in press) and that of the islets of »Drana« ha­ lophytic, mainly belonging to the broad class Puccinellio-Salicornietea (Babalo - nas 1980). 3. Methods Observations were made during the breeding seasons (1981-1983) at the breeding grounds. The distribution of the population was checked by observing the movements of the birds over the area from key positions between »Drana« region and coastal islets. The breeding population was evaluated by nest counts, made during frequent vi­ sits at the nesting sites. 4. Results and Discussion The numbers and distribution of the breeding Lari are indicated in Table I. Ac­ cording to the data, L. argentatus and Sterna sandvicensis appeared to be oc­ casional breeders. Larus melanocepha- lus bred again successfully, after the first successful breeding in 1981 and the se­ cond unsuccessful! in 1982(G outner in press). The remaining species bred each year in noticeable numbers. For L. mela­ nocephalus, Gelochelidon nilotica and S. hirundo, it appeared that the coastal region became gradually less attractive and the islets of Drana more preferable. This was rather the result of biotope changes at the coastal islets related to vast vegetation growth at the breeding grounds (Goutner in press). For S. hi­ rundo it is known that similar conditions have negative effects on the preference of breeding sites (Blokpoel et al.1978). All of the Lari breeders in »Drana« gathe­ red at the most isolated islet 1 (Fig. 1), ex­ cept of a great part of S. hirundo popu­ lation which bred at the islet 2 in 1983. This may be due to competition with other Figure 1: Map of the coastal region of the Evros delta. breeding terns of the islet, especially 1.2 and 3: Breeding areas of Lari. Asterisks: Non breeding gatherings of Larus melanocephalus G. nilotica, occupying part of the S. hi­ in 1983: rundo breeding grounds. The presence of Abb. 1: Das Evros Delta L. melanocephalus which - occupied dif­ 1.2 und 3 sind Brutinseln von Möwen und Seeschwalben. Sternchen bezeichnen Lokalitäten, an ferent niches for breeding - has displa­ welchen sich 1983 Nichtbrüter vonLarus melanocephalus gesammelt hatten. ced the S. hirundo population rather indi- SEEVÖGEL, Zeitschrift Verein Jordsand, Hamburg 1984 / Band 5, Heft 3 41 rectly, forcing G. nilotica pairs to occupy Special thanks to Dr. A Koukouras for Alljährliche Brutvögel im Untersuchungs­ much of the available breeding space. Si­ comments on the manuscript. gebiet sind Silbermöwe, Lach-, Fluß- und milar effects have been observed else­ Zwergseeschwalbe. Neuerdings brüten where when terns and gulls breed at the auch die Brandseeschwalbe und seit same localities (Morris & H unter 1976). 1981 die Schwarzkopfmöwe (Tab.1). Die The presence of gull and tern colonies at 6. Summary Brutbestände wurden durch Zählen der the islet 1 also displaced other breeding Of the Lari breeders of the Evros delta, Nester ermittelt. Die Vegetation auf den Charadriiformes like Recurvirostra avo- Larus melanocephalus (that bred again Inseln vor der Küste hat offenbar so zuge­ setta (Goutner submitted.) successfully in 1983),Gelochelidon nilo­nommen, daß eine Verlagerung der Kolo­ For S. albifrons, the coastal islets were tica, and Sterna hirundo, tended to nien auf die kleinen Inseln im Fischteich­ most preferable breeding grounds change their preference to the breeding gebiet Drana (Abb. 1) einsetzte. through years. This was possibly due to sites, gradually turning from the originally the fact that these birds do not depend so preferred coastal islets to the islets of much on vegetation changes as con­ »Drana«. This was mostly attributed to structing colonies at open sites. Conse­biotope changes related to the vegetation 8. References quently, preference of the »Drana« isletgrowth. Sterna albifrons did not exhibit si­ Babalonas , D. (1980): Vegetationseinheiten after 1981 may be due to the social facili­ milar tendency. Larus argentatus and und Vegetationskartierung in dem Mün­ tation provided by large numbers of nest­ Sterna sandvicensis were occasional dungsgebiet des Flusses Evros. Feddes ing birds. breeders. Repertorium 91: 615-627 Bauer , W. & G. Müller (1969): Zur Avifauna 5. Acknowledgements 7. Zusammenfassung des Evros delta. Beitr. Naturk. Forsch. Dtl. 28:33-52 We are grateful to Sotiris and Christos Die Brutverbreitung von Möwen und See­ Goutner and also to Dimitris Goutsouras schwalben (Laridae, Sternidae) im Evros- Blokpoel , H., P.M. Catling & G.T. Haymes for participating at the field research. Delta/Griechenland. (1978): Relationship between nest sites of common terns and vegetation on the East­ Table 1. Distribution of Lari pairs at the breeding grounds ern Headland Toronto Outer Harbour. Can. J. Zool. 56: 2057-2061 Tabelle 1: Anzahl der Brutpaare im Untersuchungsgebiet Goutner, V. (in press): The ecology of the first breeding of the Mediterranean gull (Larus 1981 1982 1983 melanocephalus Temminck 1820) in the Coastal Coastal Coastal Evros delta (Greece). Ökologie der Vögel Drana region Drana region Drana region Morris , R.D. & R.A. H unter (1976): Factors in­ fluencing desertion of colony sites by com­ _* Larus melanocephalus _ 845 ±10* - * 160 ± 10 - mon terns (Sterna hirundo). Can. Field Nat. Larus argentatus - 4 - - - - 90: 137-143. Gelochelidon nilotica - 30 ± 5 60 ± 5 40 ± 10 45 ±3 5 ± 1 Sterna sadvicensis - 5 - - 5 - Sterna hirundo 5 100±10 50 ± 5 140 ±20 40 ± 2,(46)+ 45 ± 5 Sterna albifrons - 75 ±5 40 ±5 110 ± 15 10±3 75 ± 10 Dr. Vassilis Goutner, * Goutner, in press / in Druck Dept, of Zoology, Univ. Thessaloniki, + The number in parenthesis represents the pairs that bred at the island 2 (Fig. 1) / In Klammern Thessaloniki, Griechenland die Anzahl der Brutpaare auf Insel 2 (Abb. 1) GR - 54006 Schneegänse (Anser caerulescens) im Zugverband mit Weißwangengänsen (Branta leucopsis) im nordfriesischen Wattenmeer von Claus Jürgen Reitmann sen der dunkelbäuchigen Rasse(Branta nissen in den Abend- und frühen Morgen­ bernicla bernicla) ist meistens mit den stunden hervorragende Beobachtungs­ Weißwangengänsen gesellig verbunden Die Sammlung der Gänse im nordfriesi­ möglichkeiten von der Hütte aus, die auf und bleibt aber noch bis etwa Mai. einer Warft liegt. schen Wattenmeer in den Monaten März/ April vor ihrem Weiterflug in ihre palärkti- Nachdem im Frühjahr 1979 zum ersten Als optische Geräte stehen mir zur Verfü­ schen Brutgebiete zählt zu den ein­Mal eine weiße Gans unter den Weißwan­ gung: Ein Leitz Trinovid 10x40 B und ein drucksvollsten Erlebnissen jahreszeit­ gengänsen beobachtet und in unserem Optolyth Spektiv 30x75 auf sicherem lichen Vogelgeschehens. Hüttenbericht festgehalten wurde, sind Holzstativ, welches auch bei mäßigem Wind noch gute Beobachtungsergeb­ Im Vorland zur Hamburger Hallig finden diese in den letzten Jahren immer wieder nisse erwarten läßt. sie in den weiträumigen Salzwiesen nicht beim Heimflug der Gänse mit einem bzw. nur die erforderliche Nahrung, sondern zwei Exemplaren beobachtet worden. Während am Tag die Fluchtdistanz der auch die nötigen Freiräume mit der erfor­Nach sorgfältigen mehrjährigen Beob­Gänse zwischen 600 und 800 m, aber je derlichen Fluchtdistanz zur Sammlung achtungen können diese weißen Gänsenach Störungsgrad bis zu 1000 m betra­ der Zugverbände. wohl nun als Schneegänse sibirischer gen kann, kommen die Gänse - wenn es Population der weißen Farbphase der In dieser Zeit sammeln sich im Vorland um die Hütte still geworden ist - manch­ Rasse Anser c. caerulescens angespro­ zur Hamburger Hallig überwiegend Weiß­ mal bis auf 80.-100 m heran. Ihre Stimm­ chen werden. wangengänse (Branta leucopsis), deren fühlungslaute sind bis in die Nacht deut­ Zahl bis zum Abzug etwa Mitte April ca. Wenn die Besucher Hallig und Vorland lich hörbar. 10000-18000 Exemplare betragen kann. wieder verlassen haben, bestehen Da sowohl Bauer u. Glutz (1968) als Der weitaus geringere Teil an Ringelgän­manchmal bei günstigen Wasserverhält­ auch Busche (1980) das Vorkommen der.
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