The Building Blocks of Sustainable Cities
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Ecodistricts Organization Engagement and Governance June 2011, Version 1.1
EcoDistricts Organization Engagement and Governance June 2011, Version 1.1 www.pdxinstitute.org/ecodistricts Copyright Copyright © 2011 Portland Sustainability Institute. All rights reserved. Acknowledgements The EcoDictricts Toolkits were developed by the Portland Sustainability Institute (PoSI) in partnership with practitioners from the EcoDistricts Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) in 2010-2011. Its publication would not have been possible without the dedication of these many volunteers. PoSI staff led the development, writing and research. TAC members reviewed draft toolkits and, in some cases, provided content. In addition, a targeted group of topic area experts provided a peer review. PoSI would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their contributions and dedication to this process: Organization Working Group Jim Johnson (Chair), Oregon Solutions Paul Leistner, Portland Office of Neighborhood Involvement Jill Long, Lang Powell Tim O’Neal, Southeast Uplift Ethan Seltzer, Portland State University EcoDistricts Toolkit Organization Development, June 2011, Version 1.1 2 Contents Introduction .................................................................................... 4 Phase 1 – Engagement.................................................................. 6 Step 1. Engaging Stakeholders .................................................................6 Determine Representatives in Your Community...........................6 Make an Inventory of Community Resources.................................7 Define -
Geoengineering in the Anthropocene Through Regenerative Urbanism
geosciences Review Geoengineering in the Anthropocene through Regenerative Urbanism Giles Thomson * and Peter Newman Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-8-9266-9030 Academic Editors: Carlos Alves and Jesus Martinez-Frias Received: 26 June 2016; Accepted: 13 October 2016; Published: 25 October 2016 Abstract: Human consumption patterns exceed planetary boundaries and stress on the biosphere can be expected to worsen. The recent “Paris Agreement” (COP21) represents a major international attempt to address risk associated with climate change through rapid decarbonisation. The mechanisms for implementation are yet to be determined and, while various large-scale geoengineering projects have been proposed, we argue a better solution may lie in cities. Large-scale green urbanism in cities and their bioregions would offer benefits commensurate to alternative geoengineering proposals, but this integrated approach carries less risk and has additional, multiple, social and economic benefits in addition to a reduction of urban ecological footprint. However, the key to success will require policy writers and city makers to deliver at scale and to high urban sustainability performance benchmarks. To better define urban sustainability performance, we describe three horizons of green urbanism: green design, that seeks to improve upon conventional development; sustainable development, that is the first step toward a net zero impact; and the emerging concept of regenerative urbanism, that enables biosphere repair. Examples of green urbanism exist that utilize technology and design to optimize urban metabolism and deliver net positive sustainability performance. If mainstreamed, regenerative approaches can make urban development a major urban geoengineering force, while simultaneously introducing life-affirming co-benefits to burgeoning cities. -
Urban Planning and Urban Design
5 Urban Planning and Urban Design Coordinating Lead Author Jeffrey Raven (New York) Lead Authors Brian Stone (Atlanta), Gerald Mills (Dublin), Joel Towers (New York), Lutz Katzschner (Kassel), Mattia Federico Leone (Naples), Pascaline Gaborit (Brussels), Matei Georgescu (Tempe), Maryam Hariri (New York) Contributing Authors James Lee (Shanghai/Boston), Jeffrey LeJava (White Plains), Ayyoob Sharifi (Tsukuba/Paveh), Cristina Visconti (Naples), Andrew Rudd (Nairobi/New York) This chapter should be cited as Raven, J., Stone, B., Mills, G., Towers, J., Katzschner, L., Leone, M., Gaborit, P., Georgescu, M., and Hariri, M. (2018). Urban planning and design. In Rosenzweig, C., W. Solecki, P. Romero-Lankao, S. Mehrotra, S. Dhakal, and S. Ali Ibrahim (eds.), Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Cambridge University Press. New York. 139–172 139 ARC3.2 Climate Change and Cities Embedding Climate Change in Urban Key Messages Planning and Urban Design Urban planning and urban design have a critical role to play Integrated climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in the global response to climate change. Actions that simul- should form a core element in urban planning and urban design, taneously reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and build taking into account local conditions. This is because decisions resilience to climate risks should be prioritized at all urban on urban form have long-term (>50 years) consequences and scales – metropolitan region, city, district/neighborhood, block, thus strongly affect a city’s capacity to reduce GHG emissions and building. This needs to be done in ways that are responsive and to respond to climate hazards over time. -
Sustainable Urbanism: Towards a Framework for Quality and Optimal Density? Steffen Lehmann
Lehmann Future Cities and Environment (2016) 2:8 Future Cities and Environment DOI 10.1186/s40984-016-0021-3 REVIEW Open Access Sustainable urbanism: towards a framework for quality and optimal density? Steffen Lehmann Abstract The question of density is closely connected to urbanization and how our cities may evolve in the future. Density and compactness are two closely related but different criteria, both relevant for sustainable urban development and the transformation of cities; however, their relationship is not always well understood. While a high degree of compactness is desirable, too much density can be detrimental to liveability, health and urban well-being. The purpose of this article is to report first on an extreme case of hyper-density: the Kowloon Walled City (demolished in 1993), where 50,000 residents led a grim life in one of the most densely populated precincts in the world with intolerable sanitary conditions. While the Walled City was a truly mixed-use and extremely compact precinct, it was neither a ‘liveable neighbourhood’ nor sustainable. The article then explores some more recent cases of optimized quality density in developments in Singapore, Sydney and Vancouver. This article sets out to answer the question: Since density is key to sustainable urbanism, what are the drivers and different planning approaches in relation to establishing an optimal density? And what is the ideal density model for tomorrow’s sustainable cities? Some of the critical thinking around the high-density cases is replicable and could translate to other cities to inform new approaches to quality density. Medium to high-density living is acceptable to residents as long as these developments also provide at the same time an increase in quality green spaces close by. -
Innovating Cities Policy Report for EU R&I Sustainable Urban Development
Innovating Cities Policy Report for EU R&I Sustainable Urban Development Cities P4P-Project for Policy: Policy Review Report from EU DG R&I funded urban projects under Framework Programme Seven (FP7) Written by David Ludlow, Ana Bartolo, Maria Del Mar Delgado, Evgenia Koutsomarkou, Elena Marchigiani, Daniel Monterescu December – 2019 Innovating Cities Policy Report for EU R&I Sustainable Urban Development European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate D — Clean Planet Unit D.2 —Future Urban & Mobility Systems Contact Maria Yeroyanni Email [email protected] [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels Manuscript completed in December 2019 The European Commission is not liable for any consequence stemming from the reuse of this publication. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). PDF ISBN 978-92-79-62954-9 doi:10.2777/389661 KI-04-16-933-EN-N Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © European Union, 2020 The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented based on Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. -
The Climate Just City
sustainability Article The Climate Just City Mikael Granberg 1,2,3,* and Leigh Glover 1 1 The Centre for Societal Risk Research and Political Science, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; [email protected] 2 The Centre for Natural Hazards and Disaster Science, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden 3 The Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Cities are increasingly impacted by climate change, driving the need for adaptation and sustainable development. Local and global economic and socio-cultural influence are also driving city redevelopment. This, fundamentally political, development highlights issues of who pays and who gains, who decides and how, and who/what is to be valued. Climate change adaptation has primarily been informed by science, but the adaptation discourse has widened to include the social sciences, subjecting adaptation practices to political analysis and critique. In this article, we critically discuss the just city concept in a climate adaptation context. We develop the just city concept by describing and discussing key theoretical themes in a politically and justice-oriented analysis of climate change adaptation in cities. We illustrate our arguments by looking at recent case studies of climate change adaptation in three very different city contexts: Port Vila, Baltimore City, and Karlstad. We conclude that the social context with its power asymmetries must be given a central position in understanding the distribution of climate risks and vulnerabilities when studying climate change adaptation in cities from a climate justice perspective. Keywords: just city; climate just city; ‘the right to the city’; climate change adaptation; power; equity; urban planning Citation: Granberg, M.; Glover, L. -
Sustainable Urbanism: Towards Edible Campuses in Qatar and the Gulf Region
True Smart and Green City? 8th Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism SUSTAINABLE URBANISM: TOWARDS EDIBLE CAMPUSES IN QATAR AND THE GULF REGION Anna Grichting 1* and Reem Awwaad 2* Qatar University 1 Assistant Professor at Qatar University 2 Master student, Urban Planning and College of Engineering Design program at the College of Department of Architecture & Urban Engineering, Qatar University Planning Abstract Producing food on a campus not only reduces the food print, that is the energy that is required to bring the food from distant factories and fields, but also allows more efficient resource use and recycling of water and waste. A permaculture or systems approach to food production can contribute to increasing biodiversity on the campus, with careful combinations of plants that repel harmful insects but attracts multiple species. This research looks at the different practices and modes of producing food in dry lands and proposes an application at Qatar University campus. It builds on previous research on Food Urbanism in Doha, and on a prototype Edible Boulevard and Edible Rooftop Garden being implemented at the College of Engineering. Introduction Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have food security issues that depend exclusively on international trade with a percentage that ranges from 80% to 90% of their economic activities (Bailey & Willoughby, 2013). In many cases, they import the majority of their food and produce their sweet water from desalination It is important to find new approaches to design cities that integrate food production while balancing resource utilization. Universities, being key institutions in processes of social change and development, play explicit role in spreading knowledge and producing highly skilled personnel to meet perceived economic needs Food Security and Sahara Desert Qatar National Food Security program was founded in 2008 with an aim to reduce Qatar’s reliance on food imports through the realization of the principle of self-sufficiency. -
Portland Pilot Program Evaluation 2 (1)
Portland Ecodistrict Pilot Program Evaluation Report of Findings FEBRUARY 2015 © 2015 EcoDistricts. All Rights Reserved 1223 SW Washington St., Suite 200 Portland, OR 97205 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 4 Background 7 Beyond the Portland Pilot 10 Pilot Evaluations 11 South of Market 12 South Waterfront 22 Foster-Green (Lents) 32 Gateway 44 Lloyd 52 Lessons Learned 60 Appendix 64 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Through the support of the Bullitt Foundation, EcoDistricts undertook an evaluation of the Portland Ecodistrict Pilot program, a three-year partnership between the City of Portland, Portland Development Commission (PDC) and Portland Sustainability Institute (PoSI) to accelerate sustainable neighborhood-scale projects in five districts throughout Portland between 2009 and 2012. The City selected the five following districts to participate in the program in order to promote sustainability across a diverse set of neighborhood “typologies”: • Portland State University - South of Market Ecodistrict (“SoMa”) • North Macadam Urban Renewal Area - South Waterfront Ecodistrict • Lents Urban Renewal Area - Foster-Green Ecodistrict • Gateway Urban Renewal Area - Gateway Ecodistrict • Lloyd District - Lloyd Ecodistrict This evaluation is one element of a four-part Bullitt funded project to more deeply understand best practices for district and neighborhood sustainable development in the region. The four elements are: Portland Pilot program evaluation; analysis of neighborhood sustainability projects in the Cascadia Region; update of the EcoDistricts Protocol; and a technical guide for green infrastructure and ecosystem services. All four elements of this project have been designed to inform the development of the Global EcoDistricts Protocol and other EcoDistricts-initiated programs intended to accelerate district-scale sustainable development in the region and beyond. -
LLOYD Ecodistrict ROADMAP
LLOYD ECODISTRICT ROADMAP PROSPEROUS EFFICIENT BIOPHILIC CONNECTED NOVEMBER 2012 Contributors CLIENT ADVISORY TEAM Portland Development Commission Lloyd EcoDistrict Board Lloyd EcoDistrict Lisa Abuaf Irene Bowers Ashforth Pacific Technical Advisory Committee Lew Bowers Hank Ashforth Portland Development Commission Irene Bowers Lloyd EcoDistrict Bonneville Power Administration Sarah Heinicke Anita Decker Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability Vinh Mason Doubletree Hotels PROJECT LEAD Arianne Sperry Terry Goldman Portland Sustainability Institute David Tooze Rob Bennett Glimcher Properties Bruce Walker Wanda Rosenbarger Naomi Cole Portland Bureau of Transportation Langley Investment Properties Peter Hurley CONSULTANTS Wade Lange Portland Bureau of Environmental Services Puttman Infrastructure, Inc. Liberty Northwest Alice Brawley-Chesworth Tom Puttman Danny Schamma Amy Chomowicz Arup Linda Dobson Lloyd TMA Stephen Burges Tim Kurtz Rick Williams Orion Fulton Brian Wethington Dave Whitaker Cole Roberts Metro John Williams Zero Waste Alliance Portland Water Bureau Janet Senior Jay Coalson Oregon Convention Center Brittin Witzenburg Lloyd EcoDistrict Sarah Heinicke PacifiCorp Pat Egan Lloyd TMA Owen Ronchelli Portland Development Commission Lindsay Walker Lew Bowers Metro Portland Mayor’s Office Matt Korot Lisa Libby Portland Sustainability Institute Rob Bennett Rose Quarter Chris Oxley Justin Zeulner LLOYD ECODISTRICT ROADMAP PROSPEROUS EFFICIENT BIOPHILIC CONNECTED WWW.PDXINSTITUTE.ORG PORTLAND SUSTAINABILITY INSTITUTE 2 Table of -
Introduction Global Transformations, Cities, and the New Sustainability Consensus
Introduction Global Transformations, Cities, and the New Sustainability Consensus Robert Krueger, Tim Freytag, and Samuel Mössner he end of the twentieth century marked a profound transformation of Tthe Earth’s natural and social systems. For example, some geologists postulate that the Earth, for the first time in human existence, is in a geological epoch where the influence and transformative power of human beings has become the de facto dominant force in nature; indeed, the very layers of the Earth show the profound effects of human activities. This new era is often referred to as the “Anthropocene.” And it’s not evidenced only in the Earth’s crust, as The Economist(2011) has poignantly claimed something even more extraordinary: “Humans have changed the way the world works.” Following on, we, the editors, soberly call for a fundamental change in how we think about the Earth and its systems. To be sure, the search for new modes of managing global change and consequent trans- formations is the major global task of today. Some have tried to extend the concept of the Anthropocene to cities. The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, for example, has reported in the World Urbanization Prospect that by 2050 two-thirds of the world population will live in urban areas (UNDES, 2014: 7). Consequently, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change considers urban adaptation an opportunity “for incremental and transformative adjustments to development trajectories xv © 2019 State University of New York Press, Albany xvi Robert Krueger, Tim Freytag, and Samuel Mössner toward resilience and sustainable development” (IPCC, 2014: 538). -
The Ecodistrict: a Framework for Environmental Mitigation at the Neighborhood Level Stephen Deal
10 AUGUST 2017 • W ATER LOG 37:3 The Ecodistrict: A Framework for Environmental Mitigation at the Neighborhood Level Stephen Deal A view of Millvale, Pennsylvania. Photograph courtesy of ornoth Liscomb. While there are many conservation groups that focus planning process, ecodistrict neighborhoods can then use on preserving pristine wilderness, few groups focus on this baseline to craft projects and performance goals that greening up the city landscape. Worse yet, an overly improve upon existing environmental conditions. This simplistic understanding of natural systems in an type of planning approach has value because it ties urban context may result in greenery that amounts to environmental mitigation directly into the institutional little more than window dressing and is not fully life of a neighborhood. integrated to provide comprehensive ecosystem services. New Urbanist developer Andres Duany used the An ecodistrict and its elements term “green camouflage” when describing green The Portland Sustainability Institute provides a good infrastructure that fails to properly acknowledge its definition of the term ecodistrict: urban context: “an urban paradigm cannot be based on An EcoDistrict is a neighborhood that is committed the implantation of natural vignettes in the residual to sustainability that links green buildings, smart places between buildings.” 1 infrastructure and behavior to meet ambitious One way to ensure that urban greenery provides sustainability goals over time. EcoDistricts are the tangible benefits is to create an ecodistrict. An ecodistrict right scale to generate sustainability – small enough helps establish a baseline of environmental performance to innovate quickly and big enough to have a in a neighborhood. By engaging in a comprehensive meaningful impact. -
The SW Ecodistrict, a Vision Plan for a More Sustainable Future
| SW Ecodistrict National Capital Planning Commission The National Capital Planning Commission is the federal government’s central planning agency in the District of Columbia and surrounding counties in Maryland and Virginia. The Commission provides overall planning guidance for federal land and buildings in the region. It also reviews the design of federal construction projects, oversees long-range planning for future development, and monitors investment by federal agencies. COMMISSION L. Preston Bryant, Jr., Chairman, Presidential Appointee John M. Hart, Presidential Appointee Elizabeth Ann White, Presidential Appointee Arrington Dixon, Mayoral Appointee Robert E. Miller, Mayoral Appointee, NCPC Vice Chairman The Honorable Leon E. Panetta, Secretary of Defense Represented by Bradley Provancha The Honorable Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior Represented by Peter May The Honorable Dan Tangherlini, Acting Administrator of General Services Represented by Mina Wright The Honorable Joseph I. Lieberman, Chairman, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate Represented by Elyse Greenwald The Honorable Darrell Issa, Chairman, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, United States House of Representatives Represented by Howard A. Denis The Honorable Vincent C. Gray, Mayor, District of Columbia Represented by Harriet Tregoning The Honorable Phil Mendelson, Chairman, Council of the District of Columbia Represented by the Honorable Tommy Wells, Member, Council of the District of Columbia Marcel Acosta, Executive Director The SW Ecodistrict Plan was prepared through the collaboration of the federal government and the District of Columbia. The National Capital Planning Commission had primary responsibility for oversight of the project and ZGF Architects LLP served as the principal consultant. SW Ecodistrict | Chairman's Message We have a compelling opportunity to revitalize a federal precinct in the heart of the nation’s capital into a showcase of sustainability.