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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 367 International Conference of Democratisation in Southeast Asia (ICDeSA 2019) Messianism on Menak Reclaiming at Sumedang Gilang Ramadhan Government Sciences Departement Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Serang, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—This research is about how menak reclaim Sumedang District. In the procurement of land, it was right of landowner from Pemda Sumedang. This case was found that regional government actions that violated the begin at 1996 when BPN Sumedang set up Land law were detrimental to Menak, such as the formation of a Consolidation (LC) project that must be land acquisition at land acquisition committee that did not invite elements of kelurahan Situ, North Sumedang. In the middle of project the National Land Agency (BPN) [1]. In Presidential there are many mistake in land measurement that resulting in losses of landowners. Not yet over, the project was Regulation Number 36 of 2005 which was changed to abandoned until 2010 when local government launching Presidential Regulation Number 65 of 2006 concerning Induk Pusat Pemerintahan Kabupaten Sumedang (IPP) in land for public purposes and elaborated through the the same location. Even though the landowner for decades regulation of the head of the Republic of Indonesia never received a compensation, even utilize their land for Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2007 it has been farming, business, and build a material when LC and IPP regulated regarding the membership structure of the land occupy their rights. Obscurity fate of menak that causes them acquisition committee (P2T) and the seat of the P2T to against Pemda Sumedang for gaining compensation. secretariat. In Article 14 Paragraph 2 of the regulation of Therefore this research specifically aims to identify the the head of BPN No.3 of 2007, for the position of the P2T factors which nurture the resistance movement from among menak, and how it can operated and developed to reach their secretary is an official of the BPN, but in practice in the goals to get compensation. This research is a qualitative construction of RIPP in Sumedang, the P2T secretary is an research, designed as a descriptive method. I’ts finding that echelon 3 regional government official. In 2007 it was all the loss that held by menak cant move them onto mass stated that the position of the P2T secretariat was in the movement, caused of many of elder among them, and the fact BPN office not in the regional government office. that menak had no confrontation culture since feodalism era Then the second irregularity is the classification of land in Indonesia so that menak delegate their affairs to the as land for "public interest" while the categorization of youngest ancestry Mr Syawaludin to prosecute they matters land for public interest is very clearly listed in Perpres No. to Pemda Sumedang in behalf of menak. This movement has 65 of 2006 concerning Land Procurement for Public messianism characteristic because just rely on a person of menak ancestry who protests against Pemda Sumedang. Interest. In the Presidential Regulation 65/2006 the Menak reclaiming movement can develop until confrontation government offices are not listed as public interests but with Pemda Sumedang moreover still exist for 20 years can’t hospitals, schools, and others. be separated from menak culture devotion to elders and This has the potential to involve taxation from land keeping trusted. The resistance takes direct state compensation, if the land is classified as a public interest organization incluing Komnas HAM, Ombudsman and letter then it will potentially not be subject to land compensation for President, mass media, even through social media tax obligations as stipulated in PP No.48 of 1994 Keywords: Reclaiming Movement, Messianism, Menak, concerning income tax from the transfer of land and Land Tenure building rights (PPH) . From the Indonesian daily radar I. INTRODUCTION interview with P2T RIPP Sumedang secretary Andi The land reclaiming case against Sumedang began in Ruslan, the tax that should have been deposited in the state 1996 when the BPN of the Sumedang Regency conducted treasury from 2009-2011 only in 2011 was taxed at 5 a Land Consolidation (LC) project that required land percent. From the above, it led to the floating of acquisition in Situ Sumedang Utara Urban Village, but compensation for the conversion of land from the paddy during the measurement process there were many mistakes into a local government office, and the UN bill for the land so the landowners protested. BPN land measurement had not been received since the change of function even results. Then the LC project was abandoned for many though the compensation had not yet been paid. years during which the land certificate that was entered by This research is important because the efforts made to the LC could not be processed so that the land owner could conquer Sumedang Regency in obtaining their rights over not use his land to buy and sell, rent, or build buildings on the transfer of their land functions from the Sumedang his own land. Regional Government are very unique because they are Because they felt the LC project failed the Sumedang influenced by their characteristics and also the values regional government tried to correct the mistake by embedded in the social structure of daunting. Therefore the building the project in 2010, when the Sumedang Regional researcher examines the perspective of the reclaiming Government planned to build the Sumedang District movement carried out by Menak because they want to see Central Government Master Plan (RIPP) which was what is done by Menak in fighting for their rights to land standing on land owned by a davis located in Situ, North and what capital they have so they can reclaim their rights Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 295 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 367 to land controlled by the Sumedang Regional Government In the case of IPP land in Sumedang, the researchers without any compensation. saw the structure in Sumedang as very conducive for conducting a movement because Sumedang is currently in II. METHODS a period of leadership replacement where Sumedang's This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive regent was successively replaced because of death and approach, where researchers try to see and provide an in- then the regent who replaced was caught by the prosecutor depth analysis of the group of menak in Sumedang. because of alleged corruption Then, there were two whereas in descriptive research data is usually collected regional secretaries who were also arrested because they through observation, interviews, and documents. This type were involved in a corruption case. This resulted in the of research focuses on building a record of the behavior and control being carried out in a very tenuous structure beliefs of the Sumedang group that fears since the land because it was still focused on institutional arrangement conversion case has taken place since 1996 unti now. and new leader adjustments so that the potential for a Descriptive research aims to describe how the roles and component of action from the social movement was just daily lives of people who are in the Prince Sumedang waiting for its relevance to be activated or would it will be Foundation as an organization founded by appealing deactivated. Sumedang in helping its members involved in the The second is how an event can be interpreted as a movement to obtain rights to land replacement. validation of an act of general belief as part of an episode Understanding and exploring the lives of the fathers since of the originator of the movement. It is a link of formal the conversion of the land from the paddy fields into the beliefs in concrete contexts and actions in the short term Central Government Center (IPP) of Sumedang District that allow for the release of energy governed by general which then triggers collective collective action, then beliefs and specific circumstances. Researchers followed exploring how the collective action turned into a social an activity carried out by one of the people who became movement because it involves the organization of the the originator of the protest carried out by the people to Prince Sumedang Foundation will try to be systematically demand their right to compensation for land that had not described in this research. yet been paid by the Sumedang regional government for 20 years. It was Syawaludin who was a researcher who III. DISCUSSION followed his activities while work. Menak and land are inseparable, because since the days From interviews conducted with Syawaludin who acted of the Dutch East Indies in Indonesia Menak is a local elite as a mandate or coordinator of the movement revealed that who control the resources in the area, especially large land many of the elders of the landowners gave him the [2]. Some of the land was leased to the private sector but mandate to fight for his land. From this statement the some were forcibly rented to the Dutch Colonial elders of the landowner signed a statement of attitudes that Government, the Dutch Colonial Government usually they did not approve the establishment of the Central leased land owned by the local government to plant plants Government Administration because they decided that that had high economic value when sold in Europe as it their livelihoods would certainly interfere with the was well-known in West Java, nutmeg and tea. The economy of the elders who no longer had income, because Netherlands tried to hold power and influence in the if the land was sold there would be no more source of regions by cooperating with local aristocrats through a livelihood for them.