490 – 449 BC Wars with Persia ancient – from the distant past modern- belonging to the present or recent times Battle of Marathon: famous Greek victory in war civilisation – a society or culture at a particular time in history 490BC with the Persians. Pheidippides is said to have philosophy – a study of the nature of knowledge and existence run from to to fetch help. citizens – a person belonging to a particular city or country Battle of Thermopylae: King Leoidas and the 480BC democracy – government of a country by representatives elected by all of the people Spartans were defeated by the Persians. archaeology - the study of ancient civilizations by digging for the remains of their buildings, Battle of Salamis – a sea battle in which the tools etc. 480BC Greeks defeated the Persians under King myth – a story told to explain a natural or social phenomenon Xerxes by sinking 200 ships. legend – a traditional story sometimes thought to be historical 480 BC – 280 BC Classical Greece hoplite – foot soldier victory – a success won against an enemy in battle Peloponnesian War between Athens & Sparta. cavalry – soldiers on horseback Sparta won. The threat of invasion by a foreign 431 - 404 BC archers - soldiers fighting with bows and arrows enemy made the Greeks fight together. Their main enemy was Persia. crest – a design representing a family or organization oath – a solemn promise to do something debate - a formal discussion or argument worn by women himation – cloak ostracon – a broken piece of pottery used to write the names of people that one disliked who could be voted out of the city

Archimedes – a mathematician and scientist Hippocrates – a scientist of medicine Use this knowledge organizer to Pythagoras – a famous scientist and philosopher Homer – Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey become an expert in our topic! Socrates – Considered to be the founder of Western philosophy – historian who chronicled the Persian wars Alexander the Great – created on of the largest empires of the ancient world which stretched from Greece to India Heracles – Zeus’ son who was a brave hero and could kill a lion with his bare hands Perseus – killed the monster Medusa Minoans – people from the island of Crete from 2000-1500BC Elysian Fields – Ancient Greek heaven Asphodel Meadows – Ancient Greek home for the dead who hadn’t been good or bad Tartarus – Ancient Greek hell The Iliad – an epic poem set during the Trojan War The Odyssey – a sequel to the Iliad telling the story of Odysseus’ journey home after the Trojan War Athens – between 500 and 400 BC Athens was the most important city in the world Knossos – the oldest city in Greece, located on the island of Crete, centre of the Minoan civilisation Sparta – city ruled by two kings Olympia – home to the ancient Olympic games – one of the holiest places in – rocky hill in Athens where the city’s important temples were sited Mount Olympus – the ancient Greeks believed this was the home of the gods in a palace above the clouds

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Hera: Queen of the gods Hades: Ruler of the and wife of Zeus, goddess : Goddess underworld, the of marriage and women of wisdom and Kingdom of the Dead war

Zeus: King of the Poseidon: God of the Aphrodite: Goddess of love gods sea