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PLAGUE STUDIES * 6. Hosts of the Infection R
Bull. Org. mond. Sante 1 Bull. World Hlth Org. 1952, 6, 381-465 PLAGUE STUDIES * 6. Hosts of the Infection R. POLLITZER, M.D. Division of Epidemiology, World Health Organization Manuscript received in April 1952 RODENTS AND LAGOMORPHA Reviewing in 1928 the then rather limited knowledge available concerning the occurrence and importance of plague in rodents other than the common rats and mice, Jorge 129 felt justified in drawing a clear-cut distinction between the pandemic type of plague introduced into human settlements and houses all over the world by the " domestic " rats and mice, and " peste selvatique ", which is dangerous for man only when he invades the remote endemic foci populated by wild rodents. Although Jorge's concept was accepted, some discussion arose regarding the appropriateness of the term " peste selvatique" or, as Stallybrass 282 and Wu Lien-teh 318 translated it, " selvatic plague ". It was pointed out by Meyer 194 that, on etymological grounds, the name " sylvatic plague " would be preferable, and this term was widely used until POzzO 238 and Hoekenga 105 doubted, and Girard 82 denied, its adequacy on the grounds that the word " sylvatic" implied that the rodents concerned lived in forests, whereas that was rarely the case. Girard therefore advocated the reversion to the expression "wild-rodent plague" which was used before the publication of Jorge's study-a proposal it has seemed advisable to accept for the present studies. Much more important than the difficulty of adopting an adequate nomenclature is that of distinguishing between rat and wild-rodent plague- a distinction which is no longer as clear-cut as Jorge was entitled to assume. -
Changing Pattern of Spatio-Social Interrelationship of Hunting Community in Upper Dibang Valley
Changing Pattern of Spatio-Social Interrelationship of Hunting Community in Upper Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh A Dissertation submitted To Sikkim University In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy By MOHAN SHARMA Department of Geography School of Human Sciences February 2020 Date: 07/02/2020 DECLARATION I, Mohan Sharma, hereby declare that the research work embodied in the Dissertation titled “Changing Pattern of Spatio-Social Interrelationship of Hunting Community in Upper Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh” submitted to Sikkim University for the award of the Degree of Master of Philosophy, is my original work. The thesis has not been submitted for any other degree of this University or any other University. (Mohan Sharma) Roll Number: 18MPGP01 Regd. No.: 18MPhil/GOG/01 Name of the Department: Geography Name of the School: Human Sciences Date: 07/02/2020 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation titled “Changing Pattern of Spatio-Social Interrelationship of Hunting Community in Upper Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh” submitted to Sikkim University for the partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Philosophy in the Department of Geography, embodies the result of bonafide research work carried out by Mr. Mohan Sharma under our guidance and supervision. No part of the dissertation has been submitted for any other degree, diploma, associateship and fellowship. All the assistance and help received during the course of the investigation have been duly acknowledged by him. We recommend -
States Symbols State/ Union Territories Motto Song Animal / Aquatic
States Symbols State/ Animal / Foundation Butterfly / Motto Song Bird Fish Flower Fruit Tree Union territories Aquatic Animal day Reptile Maa Telugu Rose-ringed Snakehead Blackbuck Common Mango సతవ జయే Thalliki parakeet Murrel Neem Andhra Pradesh (Antilope jasmine (Mangifera indica) 1 November Satyameva Jayate (To Our Mother (Coracias (Channa (Azadirachta indica) cervicapra) (Jasminum officinale) (Truth alone triumphs) Telugu) benghalensis) striata) सयमेव जयते Mithun Hornbill Hollong ( Dipterocarpus Arunachal Pradesh (Rhynchostylis retusa) 20 February Satyameva Jayate (Bos frontalis) (Buceros bicornis) macrocarpus) (Truth alone triumphs) Satyameva O Mur Apunar Desh Indian rhinoceros White-winged duck Foxtail orchid Hollong (Dipterocarpus Assam सयमेव जयते 2 December Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) (O My Endearing Country) (Rhinoceros unicornis) (Asarcornis scutulata) (Rhynchostylis retusa) macrocarpus) Mere Bharat Ke House Sparrow Kachnar Mango Bihar Kanth Haar Gaur (Mithun) Peepal tree (Ficus religiosa) 22 March (Passer domesticus) (Phanera variegata) (Mangifera indica) (The Garland of My India) Arpa Pairi Ke Dhar Satyameva Wild buffalo Hill myna Rhynchostylis Chhattisgarh सयमेव जयते (The Streams of Arpa Sal (Shorea robusta) 1 November (Bubalus bubalis) (Gracula religiosa) gigantea Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) and Pairi) सव भाण पयतु मा किच Coconut palm Cocos दुःखमानुयात् Ruby Throated Grey mullet/Shevtto Jasmine nucifera (State heritage tree)/ Goa Sarve bhadrāṇi paśyantu mā Gaur (Bos gaurus) Yellow Bulbul in Konkani 30 May (Plumeria rubra) -
Biogeography of Mammals in SE Asia: Estimates of Rates of Colonization, Extinction and Speciation
Biological Journal oflhe Linnean Sociely (1986), 28, 127-165. With 8 figures Biogeography of mammals in SE Asia: estimates of rates of colonization, extinction and speciation LAWRENCE R. HEANEY Museum of <oology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A. Accepted for publication I4 February 1986 Four categories of islands in SE Asia may be identified on the basis of their histories of landbridge connections. Those islands on the shallow, continental Sunda Shelf were joined to the Asian mainland by a broad landbridge during the late Pleistocene; other islands were connected to the Sunda Shelf by a middle Pleistocene landbridge; some were parts of larger oceanic islands; and others remained as isolated oceanic islands. The limits of late Pleistocene islands, defined by the 120 ni bathymetric line, are highly concordant with the limits of faunal regions. Faunal variation among non-volant mammals is high between faunal regions and low within the faunal regions; endcmism of faunal regions characteristically exceeds 70%. Small and geologically young oceanic islands are depauperate; larger and older islands are more species-rich. The number of endemic species is correlated with island area; however, continental shelf islands less than 125000 km2 do not have endemic species, whereas isolated oceanic islands as small as 47 km2 often have endemic species. Geologirally old oceanic islands have many endemic species, whereas young oceanic islands have few endemic species. Colonization across sea channels that were 5-25 km wide during the Pleistocene has been low, with a rate of about 1-2/500000 years. -
Web-Book Catalog 2021-05-10
Lehigh Gap Nature Center Library Book Catalog Title Year Author(s) Publisher Keywords Keywords Catalog No. National Geographic, Washington, 100 best pictures. 2001 National Geogrpahic. Photographs. 779 DC Miller, Jeffrey C., and Daniel H. 100 butterflies and moths : portraits from Belknap Press of Harvard University Butterflies - Costa 2007 Janzen, and Winifred Moths - Costa Rica 595.789097286 th tropical forests of Costa Rica Press, Cambridge, MA rica Hallwachs. Miller, Jeffery C., and Daniel H. 100 caterpillars : portraits from the Belknap Press of Harvard University Caterpillars - Costa 2006 Janzen, and Winifred 595.781 tropical forests of Costa Rica Press, Cambridge, MA Rica Hallwachs 100 plants to feed the bees : provide a 2016 Lee-Mader, Eric, et al. Storey Publishing, North Adams, MA Bees. Pollination 635.9676 healthy habitat to help pollinators thrive Klots, Alexander B., and Elsie 1001 answers to questions about insects 1961 Grosset & Dunlap, New York, NY Insects 595.7 B. Klots Cruickshank, Allan D., and Dodd, Mead, and Company, New 1001 questions answered about birds 1958 Birds 598 Helen Cruickshank York, NY Currie, Philip J. and Eva B. 101 Questions About Dinosaurs 1996 Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY Reptiles Dinosaurs 567.91 Koppelhus Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, N. 101 Questions About the Seashore 1997 Barlowe, Sy Seashore 577.51 Y. Gardening to attract 101 ways to help birds 2006 Erickson, Laura. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA Birds - Conservation. 639.978 birds. Sharpe, Grant, and Wenonah University of Wisconsin Press, 101 wildflowers of Arcadia National Park 1963 581.769909741 Sharpe Madison, WI 1300 real and fanciful animals : from Animals, Mythical in 1998 Merian, Matthaus Dover Publications, Mineola, NY Animals in art 769.432 seventeenth-century engravings. -
Elephant Escapades Audience Activity Designed for 10 Years Old and Up
Elephant Escapades Audience Activity designed for 10 years old and up Goal Students will learn the differences between the African and Asian elephants, as well as, how their different adaptations help them survive in their habitats. Objective • To understand elephant adaptations • To identify the differences between African and Asian elephants Conservation Message Elephants play a major role in their habitats. They act as keystone species which means that other species depend on them and if elephants were removed from the ecosystem it would change drastically. It is important to understand these species and take efforts to encourage the preservation of African and Asian elephants and their habitats. Background Information Elephants are the largest living land animal; they can weigh between 6,000 and 12,000 pounds and stand up to 12 feet tall. There are only two species of elephants; the African Elephants and the Asian Elephant. The Asian elephant is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia. While the African elephant is native to the continent of Africa. While these two species are very different, they do share some common traits. For example, both elephant species have a trunk that can move in any direction and move heavy objects. An elephant’s trunk is a fusion, or combination, of the nose and upper lip and does not contain any bones. Their trunks have thousands of muscles and tendons that make movements precise and give the trunk amazing strength. Elephants use their trunks for snorkeling, smelling, eating, defending themselves, dusting and other activities that they perform daily. Another common feature that the two elephant species share are their feet. -
Norntates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y
AMERICAN MUSEUM Norntates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3052, 19 pp., 9 figures, 1 table December 14, 1992 Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura) from Indigenous Sulawesi Rodents: a New Species of Polyplax from a Montane Shrew Rat, and New Information About Polyplax wallacei and P. eropepli LANCE A. DURDEN' AND GUY G. MUSSER2 ABSTRACT Polyplax melasmothrixi, a new species of po- from Eropeplus canus from tropical upper mon- lyplacid sucking louse, is described from Melas- tane rain forest also in Central Sulawesi. Host and mothrix naso, a small-bodied shrew rat known habitat associations for these three species ofsuck- only from tropical upper montane rain forest in ing lice are discussed. Polyplax melasmothrixi and Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The male ofPolyplax P. eropepli are both known only from montane wallacei is described from specimens collected from habitats in Central Sulawesi and both appear to Bunomys chrysocomus trapped in tropical lowland be host specific (to M. naso and E. canus, respec- evergreen rain forest in Central Sulawesi. A further tively). Contrastingly, P. wallacei parasitizes two specimen ofPolyplax eropepli, a taxon previously species ofBunomys in lowland forests and is known known only from the type series, is documented from North and Central Sulawesi. INTRODUCTION Melasmothrix naso, Bunomys chrysoco- Musser and Holden, 1991). The shrew rat, mus, and Eropeplus canus are three murine M. naso, and the large-bodied E. canus have rodents found only in forests on the Indo- been recorded only from montane rainforest nesian island of Sulawesi (Musser, 1987; formations in the mountainous central part I Assistant Professor and Assistant Curator, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern Uni- versity, Landrum Box 8056, Statesboro, Georgia 30460. -
Asian Elephant, Listed As An
HUMAN ELEPHANT CONFLICT IN HOSUR FOREST DIVISION, TAMILNADU, INDIA Interim Report to Hosur Forest Division, Tamil Nadu Forest Department by N. Baskaran and P. Venkatesh ASIAN NATURE CONSERVATION FOUNDATION INNOVATION CENTRE FIRST FLOOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE BANGALORE - 560 012, INDIA SEPTEMBER 2009 1 Section Title Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION 01 2. METHODS 08 2.1 Study area 08 2.2 Human Elephant Conflict 13 2.2.1. Evaluation of conflict status 13 2.2.2. Assessment on cropping pattern 13 2.2.3. Evaluation of human–elephant conflict mitigation measures 14 2.2.4. Use of GIS and remote sensing in Human–elephant conflict 14 3 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS 16 3.1. Status of human–elephant conflict 16 3.1.1. Crop damage by elephants 16 3.1.2. Human death by elephants 16 3.1.3. Crop damage in relation to month 18 3.1.4. Other damages caused by elephants 18 3.1.5. Spatial variation in crop damage 20 3.2. Causes of human–elephant conflict 24 3.2.1. Cropping pattern and its influence 24 3.2.2. Landscape attributes 29 3.2.3. Cattle grazing and its impact 29 3.3. Measures of conflict mitigation and their efficacy 31 4. DISCUSSION 35 5. SUMMARY 40 REFERENCES 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank the Tamil Nadu Forest Department especially Mr. Sundarajan IFS Chief Wildlife Warden Tamil Nadu, Mr. V. Ganeshan IFS, District Forest Officer, Hosur Forest Division for readily permitting me to carryout this work and extending all supports for this study. I also thank all the Forest Range Officers, Foresters, Forest Guards and Forest Watchers in Hosur Forest Division for their support during my filed work. -
The Faunal Assemblage of the Paleonto-Archeological Localities Of
G Model PALEVO-910; No. of Pages 20 ARTICLE IN PRESS C. R. Palevol xxx (2016) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Palevol www.sci encedirect.com Human palaeontology and prehistory The faunal assemblage of the paleonto-archeological localities of the Late Pliocene Quranwala Zone, Masol Formation, Siwalik Range, NW India L’assemblage faunique des localités paléonto-archéologiques de la zone Quranwala, Pliocène final, formation de Masol, chaîne frontale des Siwaliks, Nord-Ouest de l’Inde a,∗ a b Anne-Marie Moigne , Anne Dambricourt Malassé , Mukesh Singh , b a b b Amandeep Kaur , Claire Gaillard , Baldev Karir , Surinder Pal , b a a Vipnesh Bhardwaj , Salah Abdessadok , Cécile Chapon Sao , c c Julien Gargani , Alina Tudryn a Histoire naturelle de l’homme préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194 CNRS), Tautavel, France b Society for Archaeological and Anthropological Research, Chandigarh, India c Géosciences Paris-Sud (GEOPS, UMR 8148 CNRS), université Paris-Sud, Paris, France a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: The Indo-French Program of Research ‘Siwaliks’ carried out investigations in the ‘Quranwala Received 23 June 2015 zone’ of the Masol Formation (Tatrot), Chandigarh Siwalik Range, known since the 1960s Accepted after revision 17 September 2015 for its “transitional fauna”. This new paleontological study was implemented following the Available online xxx discovery of bones with cut marks near choppers and flakes in quartzite collected on the outcrops. Nine fieldwork seasons (2008–2015) on 50 hectares of ravines and a small plateau Handled by Anne Dambricourt Malassé recovered lithic tools and fossil assemblages in 12 localities with approximately 1500 fos- sils. -
Quaternary Murid Rodents of Timor Part I: New Material of Coryphomys Buehleri Schaub, 1937, and Description of a Second Species of the Genus
QUATERNARY MURID RODENTS OF TIMOR PART I: NEW MATERIAL OF CORYPHOMYS BUEHLERI SCHAUB, 1937, AND DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF THE GENUS K. P. APLIN Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Division of Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) K. M. HELGEN Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 341, 80 pp., 21 figures, 4 tables Issued July 21, 2010 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2010 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................... 3 Introduction . ...................................................... 3 The environmental context ........................................... 5 Materialsandmethods.............................................. 7 Systematics....................................................... 11 Coryphomys Schaub, 1937 ........................................... 11 Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 . ................................... 12 Extended description of Coryphomys buehleri............................ 12 Coryphomys musseri, sp.nov.......................................... 25 Description.................................................... 26 Coryphomys, sp.indet.............................................. 34 Discussion . .................................................... -
Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia
Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and -
Birdingasia 23Cover
100 BirdingASIA 23 (2015): 100–101 NOTEBOOK Notes on the diet of the Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis ZHU LEI, YANG XIAO-NONG, HAO GUANG, LIU TIAN-TIAN, DAI ZI-YUE & SUN YUE-HUA Introduction reappeared, one of them with what was clearly a The Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis is a large large mammal dangling from its claws; it then flew diurnal raptor which inhabits mountain forests of due north before disappearing from view. Although tropical and subtropical Asia (Clark 1994). the observation only lasted about a minute, DZ-Y Although widespread in Asia, it is not well known obtained images (Plates 1 & 2) which enabled the and most of the relatively few studies have focused animal to be identified as a Red and White Giant on breeding biology (Zhu et al. 2014). Here we Flying Squirrel. The observation also suggests that present a note of our observations of the species at the pair might have engaged in cooperative hunting. Wawu Shan National Forestry Park (NFP), central Sichuan, China (29.650°N 102.933°E), including Notes on diet predation of a nocturnal Red and White Giant Flying Although the Black Eagle is widely described as Squirrel Petaurista alborufus, and review available feeding on rodents, snakes, lizards, pheasants and, information on the diet of the Black Eagle. particularly, eggs and nestlings of other birds (Ferguson-Lees & Christie 2001, Ali 2005, Robson Observations 2008) or regarded as a small mammal specialist On 29 April 2011 at 12h10 the authors in the course (Rasmussen & Anderton 2012), few studies have of their fieldwork were watching a pair of Black focused on its diet and feeding habits.