REVISED CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PUNE - 2041, MAHARASHTRA, UNDER JNNURM 4 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 4.1 INTRODUCTION The sustainability and quality of life in any urban center is closely linked to the quantity and quality of basic infrastructure facilities that support it. This chapter incorporates the existing status of services and physical Infrastructure in the city of Pune. The major sectors covered include the following: . Water supply . Sewerage . Solid Waste Management . Storm Water Drainage . Traffic and Transportation . Street Lighting . Fire Fighting 4.2 WATER SUPPLY Table 4-1: Existing Water Supply in Pune City: Overview Source and Type Rivers Mula, Mutha, Pavna Natural of water Dams Khadakwasla, Panshet, Natural Warasgaon, Temghar Lakes Pashan lake, Katraj lake Natural Ground water 399 dug wells, 4,820 bore wells. Man made Storage capacity Dam Storage Capacity (Thousand Million Cubic Feet) of different Panshet 10.64 sources Varasgaon 12.81 Temghar 03.71 Khadakwasla 01.96 TOTAL 29.12 Water coverage Number of water Distribution 48 Zones Coverage of water supply 94.19 Tap connections (in %) Per capita average water 194 supply (in LPCD) Water losses Transmission and distribution 25 losses (in %) Source: City Sanitation Plan of Pune, 2012 4.2.1 Source of Water Supply 4.2.1.1 Surface Water The surface water is the prime source of water supply in Pune city which include rivers Mula and Mutha, Dams Khadakwasla, Panshet, Warasgaon and Temghar dams and lakes Pashan and Katraj. Khadakwasla 96 | P a g e REVISED CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PUNE - 2041, MAHARASHTRA, UNDER JNNURM dam is located at a distance of 20 Kms from the city, in North-West direction on Mutha River. Panshet, Warasgaon and Temghar dams are located on the upstream of the Mutha River. 4.2.1.2 Ground Water Ground water is also another important source for meeting the water supply demand of Pune. There are around 399 dug wells and 4,820 bore wells. Depth of bore wells in Pune city is of approximately 10.5-13.0 meters. Pre-monsoon level of ground water table is 6.2 meters while after monsoon it becomes 4 meters. 4.2.2 Primary Storage, Treatment, Transmission and Distribution The water extracted from the surface and subsurface sources like intake wells, infiltration wells and bore wells is treated in the Water Treatment Plants (WTPs). At treatment plant, the raw water is made potable up to the standards of safe drinking water by pre‐chlorination, primary treatment and filtration. Quality control is assured through laboratory testing at the WTPs. Map No. 4-1: Water Supply Distribution Zones (Source: Water Supply Sewerage Department Pune) Presently, there are 9 Water Treatment Plants under Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). Table below shows the status of water treatment plants, areas and population served by treatment plants, method of treatment and their current installed treatment capacity. The current treatment capacity available in PMC is 1,318 MLD and water purified in these plants is 1,123 MLD. 97 | P a g e REVISED CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PUNE - 2041, MAHARASHTRA, UNDER JNNURM Table 4-2: Detail of Water Treatment Plants Name of Water Quantity required Installed Capacity Current Sl.No. Treatment Plant Areas Served Population Treatment Method MLD (MLD ) Treatment (MLD) (WTP) (@210 lpcd) Old town, Satara road, Sahakar Nagar, 1 Parvati 537 Swargate, Taljai, 1234000 Conventional 460 259.14 Indiranagar, SNDT, Chatushringi Cantt., Solapur road, Kondhva, Kharadi, 2 Cantonement All 380 882000 Conventional 380 185.22 Thackercy hill, Wanowri Vadgaon, Katraj, Balajinagar, 3 Vadgaon 125 405000 Conventional 84 85.05 Kedareshwar, Aagam Mandir Warje, Kothrud, 4 Warje 100 Gandhibhavan, 94 84.84 Chandni chowk, Sus, 404000 Conventional Warje 5 86 Pashan, Baner, 75 Augmenataion Balewadi 6 Holkar Old 20 Vidyanagar, 14 Tingrenagar, Conventional 39.9 7 Holkar New 20 Vimannagar, 190000 14 Dhanori, Kalas, New Holkar Non -Conventional 8 20 Maske vasti, Lohgaon 19 Completion (tube Shelter) 0 13 Villages 9 wagholi 30 23 Scheme 1,123 654 (Source: Water supply and sewerage Department, PMC) 98 | P a g e REVISED CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PUNE - 2041, MAHARASHTRA, UNDER JNNURM The table also indicates that all the 9 treatment plants have adequate capacity required for the population that is being served by each of the treatment plants, considering average water supply of 210 lpcd. Hence, in the existing scenario there is no need of enhancing the water treatment Capacity of any of the 9 treatment plants, however, Parvati treatment plant and Cantonment treatment plant being older than 40 years and 120 years respectively need to be refurbished. In Pune city, recently in the year 2012, water supply distribution system has been divided into 48 zones on the basis of reservoirs and topography. Each zone has its specified service area. Presently, there are 58 storage reservoirs in the city having a total capacity of 463 ML that is 41 percent of the total water supply which is on the higher side as per normative standard of 33 percent of total water supply that is approximately 374 ML. The treated water is then transmitted from Water Works to Water Distribution Zones (48) as given in the map below, located in different parts of the city via 24 km transmission pipelines. At water distribution stations, the water is further treated through chlorination and chlorinated water is supplied to the consumers. The treated water is distributed from various Water Distribution Stations via distribution pipelines during supply hours. Map No. 4-2: Elevation Map Pune Source: Water Supply and Sewerage Department There is an issue of inequitable water supply throughout the city since the city has undulating topography as depicted in the map. The study of the map below clarifies that the in areas towards the southern part 99 | P a g e REVISED CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PUNE - 2041, MAHARASHTRA, UNDER JNNURM of the city especially Sahkaar Nagar, Dhankwadi, Bibvewadi, Balaji Nagar and katraj, water has to be pumped because of higher elevation, varying from 600 m to 700 m. Despite water being supplied to the higher elevated areas through mechanical pumping the supply continuity is less which varies from 4-6 hours per day. Water supply in the areas located at lower elevations such as Dholepatil road, Bhawani Peth, ghole Road is distributed through gravity and the continuity of water supply is as much as 20 hours per day. Water is supplied through a network of pipes consisting of different diameters. The lowest diameter size of pipe is 80 mm and highest diameter is 1600mm. Map No. 4-3: Existing and Proposed Water Supply Distribution System - PMC 4.2.3 Coverage of Water Supply and Existing Situation As per provisional figures of Census India, 2011, the total population of the Pune city is approximately 3.1 million and PMC supplies 1,123 MLD. The existing water distributions of the city have been discussed below: Table 4-3: Detailed Water Supply Distribution in Pune City Sl.No. Aspect Quantity (MLD) 1 Total water supply 1,123 2 Losses 25% + 5 % NRW 337 3 Total water supplied to (city + villages + PCB+ KCB) (1-2) 786 4 Bulk water to Gram Panchayat + Ammunition Factory 24 5 Water supply to city + PCB + KCB (3-4) 762 6 Water supply to PCB + KCB 30 7 Assumption for Net water supply to city (5-6) 732 Source: City Sanitation Plan of Pune, 2012 100 | P a g e REVISED CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PUNE - 2041, MAHARASHTRA, UNDER JNNURM 4.2.3.1 Coverage Total coverage of water connections in Pune city is 94% which indicates 6% of the households do not have water supply connections. Approximately 6900 properties are served through the tankers. Table 4-4: Coverage of Water Supply Connections Sl.No. Description Numbers Percentage 1 Properties served through water connections 937938 94.19 2 Total properties without water connection 57793 5.81 3 Properties served through tankers 6900 0.69 Source: City Sanitation Plan of Pune, 2012 4.2.3.2 Per Capita Water Supply and Continuity of water Referring to the City Sanitation Plan (2012) of Pune, average per capita water supply in city is 194 LPCD, which is more than the suggested standard of UDPFI guidelines of 135 LPCD. Per capita water supply varies from 138 LPCD to 238 LPCD. Continuity of water supply is also unequal in all wards. On an average city received 6 hours water supply. Yerawada and Dhanakwadi constitute the fringe areas of the city and are underprivileged in terms of provision of water supply, which is evident from the table below; which indicates that in Yerwada continuity of water is as less as 2 hours per day and in the areas of Dhankwadi ward viz. Tilak road, Sahkaar Nagar and Hadpsar areas it is only 4 hours per day. Some areas in Yerwada ward are located at a relatively higher elevation, where water is supplied from ‘Cantonment water works’ which is sited on relatively lower elevation than Yerwada ward thus, resulting in poor continuity of water in Yerwada ward, besides this, the water supply pipelines are running through undulating terrain of the city thereby increasing the transmission losses. The ward ‘Dhole Patil Road’ gets the continuity of water as much as 20 hours per day which is highest in the city because this ward is located in the central part of the city, at the lowest elevation of the city, making the water flow by gravity in addition to being located near the ‘Parvati water works’ which reduces the transmission losses. Table 4-5: Ward-wise Per Capita Supply and Continuity of Water Sl.No. Ward Name Per Capita Water Supply (LPCD) Continuity of water (Hour) 1 Aundh 149 5 2 Warje Karve Road 166 6 3 Kothurd 192 7 4 Ghole Road 139 7 5 Yerwada 200 2 6 Sangamwadi 219 4 7 Dholepatil Road 219 20 8 Kasba Vishram 260 5 9 Bhavani Peth 358 8 10 Sahakar Nagar 222 4 11 Tilak Road 157 4 12 Hadapsar 140 4 13 Bibewadi 157 5 14 Dhankwadi 138 4 Average 194 6 Source: Water Supply and Sewerage Department, 2012 4.2.3.3 Extent of Metering Connections and Non-Revenue Water (NRW) The extent of water metering is only 29.71%, as compared to the Service Level Benchmark (SLB) indicator 101 | P a g e REVISED CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PUNE - 2041, MAHARASHTRA, UNDER JNNURM of 100%.