2013 Annual Report

Open university Universities are more like Piccadilly Circus than ivory towers Winning together Discussion on shale gas must be expanded 2 Foreword Rathenau Instituut

HEATED DEBATE

The Rathenau Instituut plays a major role in these debates and issues. Together with VSNU (association of universities), we are developing future scenarios for universities. We published a candid report on shale gas extraction, or fracking, in which we argue in favour of improved cooperation between national and regional authorities. We conducted a public survey into confidence in science. In the summer, we held a thought-provoking debate between politicians, administrators and US philosopher Daniel Sarewitz on the relationship Looking back, for me 2013 was the year in which between science and politics. the debate on public confidence in science really heated up. There was uproar about a few That our activities make a valuable contribution high-profile cases of fraud and irregularities at to democratic decision-making on science and Dutch universities. There was debate about the technology and how they are embedded into excessive pressure to publish articles in academic society was confirmed by the evaluation journals and other (perceived) perverse stimuli, conducted of the Rathenau Instituut in 2013. stirred up by the men at Science in Transition. And In response, Minister Bussemaker of Education, there was debate about the role of science in Culture and Science called on the institute to social controversies such as shale gas extraction. invest even more in services to parliament. We like to work on this in 2014 and the years Essential questions are now being asked: how can ahead. we create a future-proof university system? What are the criteria for science to fulfil its societal role? Gerdi Verbeet, And what is it that makes science reliable? Chair of Rathenau Instituut Annual report 2013 3

CONTENTS

4 Shall I drive or will you?

5 Science patenting more

6 Open university Universities are more like Piccadilly Circus than ivory 4 towers

9 Ban on experts

10 Shift happens

11 Jan Staman’s top 5 What were the fi ve main 10 6 themes of 2013 in the opinion of Jan Staman, director of the Rathenau Instituut?

12 2013 in fi gures

15 Winning together Discussion on shale gas 11 17 must be expanded

17 Artifi cial life?

18 Solve problems together

19 Report on Rathenau

18 20 2013 in fi gures

22 Publications

This Annual Report contains the highlights of 2013. The full 2013 Rathenau Instituut Annual Report in Dutch can be found on our website: 15 19 www.rathenau.nl/jaarverslag2013 4 Projects 2013 Rathenau Instituut

Shall I drive ‘Smart computers take over at digitisation of our infrastructure. the wheel’ was the headline in Dutch MP Sander de Rouwe, traffic or will you? national newspaper De Telegraaf specialist for political party CDA, on research conducted by the believes it is a useful report. “It Rathenau Instituut and TU aligns with previous pleas from my Eindhoven into the future of traffic party to make greater use of the systems. Speed restrictions in available technology,” he said residential areas where children during a meeting with the Minister play would seem acceptable, of Infrastructure and the Environ­ but what do we think of cars that ment. of automatically intervene as soon political party D66 asked the as we deviate from our course? minister to re-examine the guide­ Should cars be allowed to act as lines for road design. The minister e-coaches and subtly steer us replied that CROW (technology towards safer or more sustainable platform for transport, infrastructure driving behaviour? In the report and public space) constantly ‘Op advies van de auto (On the updates these guidelines. advice of the car)’, researchers reveal this and other ethical, Together with Philips, Technology technical and political issues Foundation STW and the National involving tempting (persuasive) Initiative Brain & Cognition, the technology in traffic. Rathenau Instituut has now initiated further research into other types of The report also looks at other, persuasive technology, especially wider issues concerning the e-coaching. Annual report 2013 Projects 2013 5

Science Dutch knowledge institutes are 4.7 percent in the period from 2005 applying for ever more patents. to 2009. Knowledge institutes patenting This is demonstrated by the report have been increasingly active in ‘Patentaanvragen door kennis­ technology since 1980. They more instellingen (Patent applications by account for a growing proportion knowledge institutes)’ published by of patent applications which are the Rathenau Instituut at the end of relevant to the top sectors of high November 2013. The institute listed tech, life sciences and chemicals. patent applications between 1980 and 2009. In the years 1980 to 1984, Over the past thirty years, Dutch all the universities and research industry has also applied for more institutes combined applied for patents but the growth in appli­ about 25 patents a year. Yet at cations has been less extreme. nearly 370 applications a year this number was fourteen times higher Incidentally, the number of patent in the period between 2005 and applications increased less sharply 2009. in the period from 2005 to 2009. NL Patent Office believes that this This means that the proportion of is due to Dutch industry focusing knowledge institutions in the total more on development rather than number of Dutch patent research, and because it is more applications rose from 1.1 percent selective in its applications. in the period from 1980 to 1984 to

Don’t mess Are we going to fertilise oceans The report does say that there using iron? Should we conduct should be research into removing about with large-scale filtering of CO2 from CO2 from the air (Carbon Dioxide the air? German, British and US Removal, CDR) and that where the climate yet politicians are given extensive applicable legislation should be information on climate engineering. considered. Jip Lenstra from research So far, things have been quiet on this and consultancy bureau Ecorys: front in the . This is why “SRM proved to be much less the Rathenau Instituut presented important than I thought and CDR the report ‘Klimaat­engineering: is in fact much more important. hype, hoop of wanhoop? (Climate It takes more time, but we still engineering: hype, hope or despair?)’ have that.” to stakeholders at the end of 2013. The Ministry of Infrastructure & Researchers recommend imposing the Environment is pleased with a temporary ban on technology the report. Civil servant Ronald which reflects sunlight on a large Flipphi during the presentation: scale. Maarten van Aalst from the “The discussion on climate Red Cross agrees with this. In the engineering is heading our way. discussion held at the presentation The Dutch government wishes of the Rathenau report, he argued to conduct it in as well-informed a for a moratorium on so-called SRM manner as possible. The government technologies. (SRM stands for Solar is in principle not against climate Radiation Management, the engineering. Each individual reflection of the sun’s rays using e.g. technology­ should be assessed sulphur particles in the stratosphere.) on its own merits.”

Annual report 2013 Careers 7

Universities are more like Piccadilly Circus than ivory towers Open university

The Dutch academic job market is much more open than was thought. And when selecting talented young researchers the universities rely on external assessments. This was shown by two reports by the Rathenau Instituut on the structure of the Dutch academic system in 2013.

Frequently-heard comments in academic structure of the academic job market. circles: “universities’ upper ranks are closed” It shows that large numbers of PhD and and “excursions outside academia are fatal post-doctoral students, but also university to your academic career.” Such comments lecturers, associate professors and need to be placed in context, as demon­ professors, are leaving universities. And yet strated by research conducted by the the opposite is also true: there is a large Rathenau Instituut. In its publication entitled influx of researchers from outside. The ‘Academische carrières en loopbaanbeleid publication also shows that Dutch academia (Academic careers in the Netherlands)’, the is becoming increasingly international. institute lists facts and figures as recorded The proportion of foreign academics grew over ten years by the VSNU, the Netherlands from 23 percent in 2003 to 30 percent in Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) 2011. An increasing number of women are and Statistics Netherlands, among others. also moving into more senior positions, but at the current rate it will take another The publication provides insight into the job thirty to forty years before there really is market shifts of academics and depicts the an equal proportion of men and women. 8 Careers Rathenau Instituut

The statistics are an eye-opener to many of Crafting your career those involved, even insiders. Karl Dittrich, chair of the VSNU, commented: “I was on the edge of The key to improving innovational research my seat.” policy lies with the universities and researchers rather than the NWO. This was A focus on talent demonstrated by the analyses conducted by At the same time as the facts and fi gures on the Rathenau Instituut. Individual researchers academic careers and career policy, the Rathenau must also be much more realistic about their Instituut presented the report entitled ‘Talent opportunities for an academic career. In order centraal (A focus on talent)’ on the development to have those researchers think about how and selection of researchers in the Netherlands. to craft their careers, together with the The report concludes that Dutch universities University of Leiden’s Centre for Science of rely on external assessments when they select and Technology Studies (CWTS) the institute talented researchers. Yet the formal selection organised the afternoon session ‘Crafting criteria which e.g. the NWO applies in its your career’ in the autumn of 2013. The key Innovational Research Incentives Scheme (Veni, questions included: ‘as a researcher how do Vidi, Vici) do not correspond to the broader you cope with the pressure to perform?’ and: interpretation of talent which researchers use ‘as a researcher how can you develop and on the shopfl oor. use less obvious qualities and skills?

This is illustrated by the following remark: “Some Over one hundred and fi fty young researchers people are very good, but completely anti-social. were inspired by, among others, KNAW That doesn’t really matter. It may be fantastic president Hans Clevers, who claimed that you scientifi cally, but we are all human and we just have to know the system to be able to work want someone nice in the group.” within it and that you should focus as much as possible on quality rather than quantity. During the presentation of the report, personnel Austrian career researcher Ruth Müller talked directors, university and university of applied to participants about her fi ndings: “I now sciences policy offi cers, chairs of associations and understand that a career in research only employees of NWO, VSNU, KNAW Academy and partly depends on your dedication and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science academic performance. There are so many discussed three fi ctitious scenarios involving the talented young researchers that it sometimes Innovational Research Incentives Scheme. The seem random who makes it and who doesn’t. scenarios (stopping, more funding or weighted Up to a point it has become rather a gamble. draws) yielded a discussion on the importance of You would do well to have a plan B.” subsidies to academic talent and on the criteria required for a just and effi cient distribution of At the end of the afternoon participants grants. indicated that they had learned more about their own strengths and weaknesses. One of the participants added: “It is reassuring to know that many young researchers are facing the same problems as me.”

‘Onderzoeker publiceer, anders besta je niet’

Publish researcher, otherwise you don’t exist BN/De Stem / Brabants Dagblad, 1-11 Annual report 2013 Projects 9

BAN ON EXPERTS

“More science doesn’t lead to a better democracy,” guest speaker Daniel Sarewitz claimed at the late summer reception at the Rathenau Instituut on 28 August. Sarewitz is Professor of Science and Society at the University of Arizona. He later explained his theory in national newspaper de Volkskrant. “More science brings more uncertainties. That’s why I sometimes want to argue in favour of a ban on experts.”

It was the first time that the Rathenau Instituut In the days following the late summer reception, had organised a late summer reception. Sarewitz’s call to ban experts also appeared in State Secretary Sander Dekker of the Ministry several columns and editorials in the media. of Education, Culture and Science, former Maxim Februari in NRC and NRC Next: “The Chairman of the Rathenau Instituut’s Board, problem is, that the government doesn’t always addressed the attendees. “Doubt is a fuel for feel like having one of these political discussions. science, it keeps the whole thing moving. They rather leave it to science to come to a Yet doubt is dynamite for politics. Because decision: is it safe to drill? Yes or no? Obviously politicians are expected to act decisively.” science cannot provide that answer; safety is Should we ban science completely from the about the interpretation of data, the consideration political playing field? “No,” Dekker said. of consequences and the explanation of “Politics needs science, but it is essential that uncertainties. An unequivocal advise is therefore both parties play their part and respect one not possible. As researcher Daniel Sarewitz another’s limits. recently mentioned in this newspaper: “Science is not the correct tool to solve political disputes”.

Daniel Sarewitz in conversation with researcher Annick de Vries (Rathenau Instituut)

Sander Dekker@SanderDekker 28 August How can politics and science complement one another? Strong plea at session from Sarewitz for engaged science @RathenauNL 10 Projects 2013 Rathenau Instituut

Shift happens In 2013, the VSNU association of President of the University of universities and the Rathenau Amsterdam’s Executive Board: “It is Instituut held the first Duin & really good for us to enter into such Kruidberg conference, as part of an open dialogue with the minister.” the Future Knowledge for Martin Kropff, Rector of Wageningen Universities project. During this University twittered: “It was positive two-day conference, university that there were many external administrators talked to students, parties present. Let’s take this business leaders, experts, young further! Don’t wait too long. entrepreneurs and trend-watchers Respond to opportunities together.” about trends which will affect the universities of the future. Two Based on the results, the Rathenau uncertainties have come to light: Instituut and the VSNU are will universities primarily be developing several future scenarios. available to private or public parties These will be worked on further in future? And should universities during regional meetings and a operate in a competitive field? second conference in 2014. The goal is to create a strategy Participants were satisfied with the for the evolution of universities first conference. Louise Gunning, which enjoys wide support.

Confidence The Dutch still have a great deal of Trouw (‘Greater confidence in confidence in science. More than in science than in newspapers’) and in science? politics, justice or newspapers, for de Volkskrant (‘In spite of Diederik instance. This was the conclusion Stapel fraud high confidence in drawn by researchers from the science’) wrote about it. Researcher Scientific Council for Government Jos de Jong explained the survey Policy (WRR) and the Rathenau at the first Dutch Science Instituut. They conducted a survey Communication conference in on science and researchers among Rotterdam in the autumn of 2013. a representative random selection of eight hundred Dutch people. Minister and State Secretary Sander Dekker of the The reason for the survey was Ministry of Education, Culture and growing concerns about the Science want to place confidence, controversial authority of science, integrity and social support for concerns which arise from e.g. science more prominently on the discussions about global warming, agenda. “We are very pleased the HPV vaccination and several that the Rathenau Instituut and the fraudulent cases. The assumption WRR have organised a number of was that confidence in science debates for us on these themes,” would have declined as a result. they wrote in their response to the Lower House of the Dutch The results of the survey garnered a Parliament. They asked the great deal of media attention. Rathenau Instituut to come up with National newspapers De Telegraaf a proposal for periodic research (‘The Dutch still trust science’), into confidence in science. Annual report 2013 In the spotlight 11

JAN STAMAN’S TOP 5

What were the five main themes of 2013 in the opinion of Jan Staman, director of the Rathenau Instituut?

Experts strategy for energy, mobility and logistics. Take 1 Working out evidence-based policy remained high Smart Cities, for example. In the Netherlands, on the agenda in 2013. How can science contribute we can learn a great deal from this: should we be to political decision-making? I often compare it investing in a Delta plan for more than just water? to the role doctors play in a university hospital. And seeking answers more quickly to structure our They are the experts and they stick their necks out high-tech society in a sustainable and innovative when taking life-and-death decisions about their manner? patients. Researchers should dare to do the same; to act as experts and to manoeuvre within the Objectivity political reality. This sometimes means relinquishing 4 At the Rathenau Instituut we increasingly work on the absolute truth and daring to seek realistic external assignments for provinces, ministries or solutions. the European Union. It is a challenge to serve these external parties and in doing so to give substance Cyber citizens to our societal task. At the same time, we have to 2 The development of digital technology, such as ensure that we remain objective in conducting Google Glass, means that we have become a mix these assignments. This is our greatest asset. For of humans and machines: cyborgs. These techno­ our institute, it is essential to our credibility that logies provide many opportunities for innovation, we can take independent responsibility. but also lead to unwanted developments. I am afraid that if we continue down this path, we will Investigative journalism end up without any citizens at all. I would appeal 5 Without good journalism there is no democracy. for us to become cyber citizens. To be directors of And I don’t mean the encyclopaedic type of our own technological evolution and stand up for journalism based on facts and lists. I mean critical, our basic rights, our democracy. objective journalism: investigative journalism. This is currently under huge pressure, which shouldn’t be Delta plan allowed to happen. Because this type of journalism 3 In 2013, I travelled a lot for our workshops on creates space for research, social debate and helps evidence-based policy to Japan, China and kick-start debates. We should all continue to invest Finland. I noticed that governments there are busy in this. at the highest level formulating an integrated 12 2013 in figures Rathenau Instituut

2013 in figures

Rathenau Instituut in the media

39x Opinion articles 91x and interviews in Other articles in printed media printed media

27xRadio and TV appearances www 195x Other articles 34x on the internet Blogs, columns, opinion articles and interviews on the internet

NEWS Most read in 2013 100101101001 143 News Gerdi Verbeet new 000110010011 chair of Rathenau 110101101001 Press releases on 010110010011 Instituut 110101101001 www.rathenau.nl Project Valorisation as 12x 010110010011 a knowledge Digital newsletters with 110101101001 process 1,750 subscribers as of Publication Winning together the end of 2013

Rathenau Instituut in Parliament

25 Parliamentary papers Jaarbericht 2013 2013 in figures 13

Social Media 2013 in tweets

van Gent@inekevangent 28 March In 2013, the use of social media really took off, Congratulations! RT @RathenauNL Gerdi Verbeet New becoming an integrated part of our communi­ Chair Rathenau Instituut: http://bit.ly/10cFhaM cations strategy. Below are some facts and 39x highlights. UU vrouwennetwerk@UU_VN 25 April Opinion articles A need to focus on conflicting interests in academic and interviews in talent recruitment strategies: Rathenau Instituut: printed media http://bit.ly/1kJkVkA

Twitter3050 Geert Ritsema@Geert_MD 21 May followers Good initiative by Rathenau insitituut: they’re From 2,100 broadening the debate #schaliegas into a debate followers at on use and necessity: http://bit.ly/1ihJeoU 195x year-end 2012 to Other articles 3,050 followers at Linda Duits@lalalalinder 27 May on the internet year-end 2013. Dutch universities rate their own level of quality and what’s the result? All are internationally competitive or even global leaders http://bit.ly/1eT3HfS

Rik Maes@hoogleerling 28 June Interesting issue of Flux Magazine by @RathenauNL 32 on the quest for the perfect human being. Employees with http://bit.ly/1pctIvn With contributions by Roger Scruton, 143 an account Jos de Mul, and others. Press releases on www.rathenau.nl martijn v calmthout@vancalmthout 2 July Study by @RathenauNL and WRR shows that, while scientists may like to paint a bleak picture, public trust in science is just fine.

46 Rens Vandeberg@RensVandeberg 7 November Blogposts Convenient summary of @SciTransit study Rathenau (including #Waardevol) from @Stefan_de_J http://bit.ly/1fIc8de Most read blogs in 2013 gert van wijland@gertvanwijland 13 December 1 Take rankings with a pinch of salt Unreal: we generate same amount of data every 10 minutes as we did between the Prehistoric Age and 2003 #rathenau #bigdata http://tinyurl.com/mbdd9gx 2 Never not nudged Sander van den Burg@sander_vdburg 18 December For under the Xmas tree: @RathenauNL study “Climate 3 What should we think about shale gas? Engineering: Hype, Hope or Dispair?” http://bit.ly/18KpCD2

Annual report 2013 Shale gas 15

Discussion on shale gas must be expanded Winning together

Municipalities and provincial authorities should be given more say in decisions on shale gas extraction, or fracking. This is the message in the Rathenau Instituut’s report entitled ‘Samen Winnen (Winning together)’. The report’s presen­ tation in early September was attended by many journalists, politicians and interested parties and in doing so kicked off the broader debate it recommends.

The debate on fracking had so far focused distribution of profits and burdens for mainly on the technical risks and economic residents and the administerial relationships benefits. In its report, the Rathenau Instituut in decision-making. The researchers suggest also considers the societal interests and that it might be advisable to delay a decision makes recommendations to get the political on shale gas extraction until the National debate out of its stalemate. Policy Strategy on Underground Resources enters into effect. One of the main recommendations is that cooperation between the national Politicians pleased with the report government and local authorities needs to (GroenLinks) be thought-out better. The report’s authors complimented the institute: “Your report is argue in favour of an open strategy, which like a cat set among the pigeons. We now also looks at future energy supplies, our no longer need two thousand reports. The position as a country reliant on gas, the report is very clear.” Like the Rathenau 16 Shale gas Rathenau Instituut

Instituut, Dutch MP (CDA) points more in shale gas debate’, ‘Kamp could have out that we should learn from the CO2 storage made it a lot easier’). Provinces, municipalities issue in Barendrecht. Several interested parties and other interested parties are given plenty of were presented with what was almost a fait consultation opportunities according to Minister accompli. One of the reasons why the plan of Economic Affairs. “The Rathenau failed was that there was insuffi cient support Instituut rightly claims that discussions and among local residents. Jan Vos (PvdA) believes consultation with residents and the munici- that broadening the debate is a good idea and palities and provinces involved are important referred to shale gas extraction as the fi nal when test drilling is being considered,” he said. chapter in energy transition, “but we will only do “If the green light is given, an environmental it if we can do so cleanly and safely.” Other MPs impact report and several licences and present, René Leegte (VVD), Carla Dik-Faber permissions are required. Consultation is a legal (ChristenUnie) and (Party for obligation in these procedures.” In TV show the Animals), also responded positively to the Hart van Nederland, Kamp called on those report. René Peters of TNO, Hans Bousema of involved to conduct a critical but neutral debate, Brabant Water and Brabant councillor Johan van “because if you declare yourself to be against den Hout (SP) also believe that the debate shale gas extraction, that makes it diffi cult to should be widened. Van den Hout: “A report on exchange ideas on the subject.” the environmental impact alone is not enough. The environment, spatial insertion and support The debate on shale gas extraction continued are also important. We should also talk to all the after September. Researchers from the Rathenau experts.” Instituut wrote an article in national newspaper NRC Handelsblad, spoke at an ‘introductory Response from the minister day’ on shale gas extraction held by the Both NOS Journaal and RTL Nieuws reported Province of North Brabant and explained their on the presentation of the shale gas extraction report and recommendations to a Parliamentary report (‘Involve provinces and municipalities hearing.

NOS@NOS 5 September Rathenau Instituut: greater consultation with municipalities and provinces on decisions on shale gas extraction Cooperation is crucial. http://nos.nl/l/547974

‘Diep wantrouwen beheerst discussie over schaliegas’

‘Deep suspicion dominates debate on shale gas extraction’ Metro, 5-9 www.metronieuws.nl/nieuws/diep-wantrouwen-beheerst-discussie-over-schaliegas/SrZmie!RzOaiZAz2OANY/ Annual report 2013 Projects 2013 17

ARTIFICIAL LIFE?

Light-emitting trees as street lighting1; the re-introduction of the dodo2. Using two animated fi lm clips with fi ctitious but recognisable images of the future, at the end of 2013 the Rathenau Instituut got visitors at the Border Sessions international festival in thinking about the consequences and ethical considerations of new technological developments.

Precisely because synthetic biology is still in its believe that we should be afraid of synthetic infancy, now is the right time for a political and biology. “We need to look at the opportunities social debate. If we do so, we will not suddenly and use them,” he said during a political cafe be taken by surprise and we can avoid the debate at the Rathenau Instituut in January, at trench warfare that occurred in the debate on which the institute presented the reports ‘Geen genetic modifi cation. debat zonder publiek (No debate without the public)’ and ‘Politiek over leven (Politics over life)’. Synthetic biology offers a world of opportuni- ties. Yet it also raises concerns. For instance, At a European level, the institute is participating developments raise questions about intellectual in SYNENERGENE, a four-year project on property and ethics. Can you apply for a patent synthetic biology and socially-responsible for a new organism? Is it appropriate to create innovation comprising nearly thirty partners artifi cial life? Leen van den Oever, director of from over ten countries. the Dutch Institute for Biology (NIBI), does not

1) http://youtu.be/xGQ6Cp1dC4c 2) http://youtu.be/lw-2886-Ft8

Spits, 21-1 18 Projects 2013 Rathenau Instituut

SOLVE PROBLEMS TOGETHER

Major social challenges, such as the ageing population and the lack of social cohesion, can only be solved if all the parties concerned work together. And so-called knowledge co-production does not happen by itself.

These are the two conclusions in the report “What we do is really in the practical situation, ‘Kenniscoproductie voor grote maatschappelijke­ for the practical situation and together with the vraagstukken­ (Knowledge co-production for major practical situation.” social issues)’ presented by the Rathenau Instituut in the spring of 2013. Funding research alone is The report ‘Kenniscoproductie voor de grote not enough. Governments also actively need to maatschappelijke vraagstukken’ was one of the participate and deploy knowledge and expertise top-three downloaded Rathenau Instituut reports for better between ministries. many months. The researchers are regularly asked to give presentations at universities and ministries Among other things, the Rathenau Instituut and at patient organisations and companies. The analysed how Amsterdam attempts to improve the media also asked the institute to explain the report’s socialisation of and support for young people and recommendations. National newspaper Financieele parents. Researchers, municipalities, pedagogical Dagblad quoted Barend van der Meulen, head of bureaus, schools and migrant organisations all Science System Assessment­ at the Rathenau work together in the Amsterdam Ten-plus Instituut in its article ‘Nieuwe ‘subsidiebureaucratie’ Knowledge Workshop with parents and young drijft innovatieve onder­nemers tot wanhoop (New people. This cooperation gives researchers direct subsidy bureaucracy drives innovative researchers insight into practice and social workers quickly to despair)’. In it, Van der Meulen argues that social learn how they can improve their socialisation themes such as the ageing population, renewable programmes. Trees Pels, Endowed Professor of energy and sustainable agriculture will only receive Socialisation in the multi-ethnic city at VU enough attention if the relevant ministries can play University Amsterdam, explained the Ten-plus an active role. modus operandi during the report’s presentation: Annual report 2013 Projects 2013 19

Report on “Its position as the supplier of that the institute strengthens its ties objective and reliable information with parliament. The institute is Rathenau makes the Rathenau Instituut an already working on this. Since May excellent partner for cooperation,” 2013, former president of the Lower Minister Bussemaker of Education, House of the Dutch Parliament Culture and Science wrote in her Gerdi Verbeet has held the post response to the external evaluation of chair of the institute. of the Rathenau Instituut “The information provided by the Institute director Jan Staman Rathenau Instituut enables evidence- welcomed the minister’s comments. based policy to be drawn up.” He sees two major trends for the future: “The first is that science and The minister shares the positive technology will increasingly be the opinion that the evaluation topic of debate. Take the debates committee outlined in its evaluation on student numbers, valorisation report. She called the Rathenau and confidence. Our institute Instituut a major player at European provides objective, reliable facts level and praised the academic and in doing so helps to support quality of its publi­cations. The these debates. The second trend minister applauds the fact that the is that Europe will become institute actively seeks cooperation increasingly important. We are not with, among others, advisory just busy working on strengthening councils, ministries, universities and our ties with the Dutch parliament, other knowledge institutions. She but we are also looking at how our wrote: “I encourage other parties to expertise could be of significance do the same.” One of the evaluation in Brussels.” committee’s recommendations is

Evaluations What has twenty years of Education, Culture and Science evaluating, visiting and assessing agreed: “We can be proud be of our evaluated Dutch scientific research yielded? researchers. But the differentiating The Rathenau Instituut listed the capacity of evaluations is sometimes facts and figures in the spring of too low. That is why we are working 2013. What many thought is now on revising the Standard Evaluation clear at a glance: nearly all the Protocol with, among others, the conducted research is now KNAW, VSNU, NWO, the Rathenau excellent. Instituut and the Netherlands Federation of University Medical The Dutch evaluation system has Centres (NFU). seen better days. D66 MP questioned the current The era of the Standard Evaluation evaluation method: “It’s great that Protocol, in which universities, the everyone has been rated as KNAW and NWO agreed how to excellent, but what does that tell assess research groups, will end in us? Minister Bussemaker of 2015.

20 2013 in statistics Rathenau Instituut

2013 in statistics

Finances

Income realised in €k

5,407.5 5,333.2 5,220.7 5,118.0 5,263.7

7% 10% 9% 7% 9% year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

The basic funding for the Rathenau Instituut is provided European projects are affiliated with the Science and by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Technology Options Assessment (STOA), the Council Sciences. In addition, the Rathenau Instituut also works of Europe and the European Commission Seventh on behalf of clients including the European Parliament, Framework Programme (FP7). the European Commission and various other The Rathenau Instituut also acquired several large institutions. external projects in 2013, through which we hope to In order to guarantee its independent status, the secure a higher percentage of external funding for the institute finances a maximum of 25 percent of its 2014 budget. These projects are being conducted on budget with revenues from external clients. For 2013, behalf of the European Commission (the FP7 Framework these revenues accounted for 9% of total funds, Programme; this represents a service contract) and the generated by national projects such as the Kennis voor Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs. Klimaat (Knowledge for Climate), One-Day Chicks (Eendagshaantjes) and Electronic Lifestyle Coach Further information on these projects is available at (Elektronische Levensstijlcoach) research projects. www.rathenau.org.

Annual report 2013 2013 in statistics 21

Staff

FTEs as of end 44,68 47,61 48,61 53,02 53,60 of 2013

year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Proportion of permanent/temporary personnel in % as of end of 2013

38 34 38 40 44

62 66 62 60 56

year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

M/F pay grades as of end of 2013 Pay grades 5 - 7 8 - 9 10 - 11 12- 13 14- 16 total % Number of M 0 2 9 9 3 23 38% Number of V 5 5 18 9 0 37 62%

Inflow and outflow in numbers 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Number of inflow 10 8 10 11 7 Number of outflow 2 7 10 9 5 22 Publications Rathenau Instituut

Publications

Periodicals Hessels, L. & J. Deuten. Negen gouden regels voor Coördinatie van publiek-privaat kenniscoproductie. - The Hague: Flux onderzoek: van variëteit naar Rathenau Instituut, 2013. - 1 p. - no. 8 (January): Samen? maatwerk. - The Hague: Rathenau - no. 9 (June): En, bent u al Instituut, 2013. - 148 p. - ISBN Rerimassie, V. & D. Stemerding. perfect? 978-90-773-6446-8. - (SciSA report ; Politiek over leven: in debat over 1328) synthetische biologie. - The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, 2013. VolTA Jacobi, A., M. Lund Jensen, - 104 p. - ISBN 978-90-773-6443-7 - no. 04 (April): ‘Are we making L. Kool, G. Munnichs & A. Weber. perfect life?’ Security of eGovernment Systems. Riphagen, M. & F.W.A. Brom. - no. 05 (October): ‘Big data’ - Brussels: STOA, 2013. - 4 p. - Klimaatengineering: hype, hoop (Options brief ; Nr. 2013-02) of wanhoop?. - The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, 2013. - 224 p. - 12x digital newsletter Jacobi, A., M. Lund Jensen, ISBN 978-90-773-6451-2 L. Kool, G. Munnichs & A. Weber. Security of eGovernment Systems: Stemerding, D., R. van Est, Rathenau Instituut publications case study report. - Brussels: L. Hanssen, P. Schenkelaars & STOA, 2013. - 162 p. - ISBN H. de Vriend. Geen debat zonder Arensbergen, P. van, L. Hessels & 978-92-823-4767-6 publiek: het opkomende debat B. van der Meulen. Talent centraal over synthetische biologie : ontwikkeling en selectie van Jacobi, A., M. Lund Jensen, ontleed. - The Hague: Rathenau wetenschappers in Nederland. L. Kool, G. Munnichs & A. Weber. Instituut, 2013. - 66 p. - ISBN - The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, Security of eGovernment Systems: 978-90-773-6443-7 2013. - 95 p. - ISBN 978-90-773- conference report. - Brussels: 6448-2. - (SciSA report ; 1330) STOA, 2013. - 72 p. - ISBN Tiemeijer, W. & J. de Jonge. 978-92-823-4768-3 Hoeveel vertrouwen hebben Boon, W. & E. Horlings. Nederlanders in wetenschap? . Kenniscoproductie voor de grote Jacobi, A., M. Lund Jensen, - The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, maatschappelijke vraagstukken. L. Kool, G. Munnichs & A. Weber. 2013. - 69 p. - The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, Security of eGovernment Systems: 2013. - 128 p. - (SciSA report ; final report. - Brussels: STOA, Timmer, J., J. Smids, L. Kool, 1329). - ISBN 978-90-773-6447-5 2013. - 89 p. - ISBN 978-92-823- A. Spahn & R. van Est. Op advies 4618-1 van de auto: persuasieve techno­ Drooge, L. van & B. van der logie en de toekomst van het Meulen. Valuable: indicators for Kool, L., J. Timmer & R. van Est. verkeerssysteem. - The Hague: valorisation. - The Hague: Keuzes voor de e-coach: Rathenau Instituut, 2013. - 51 p. Rathenau Instituut, 2013. - 39 p. maatschappelijke vragen bij de automatisering van de Vries, A. de, R. van Est en Ganzevles, J. & R. van Est. Energy coachingspraktijk. - The Hague: A. van Waes. Samen winnen: in 2030: busting the myths. - Rathenau Instituut, 2013. - 50 p. verbreding van schaliegasdiscussie The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, en handvatten voor 2013. - 35 p. besluitvorming. - The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, 2013. - 132 p. - ISBN 978-90-773-6449-9 Annual report 2013 Colophon 23

This Annual Report contains the highlights of 2013. The full 2013 Rathenau Instituut Annual Report in Dutch can be found on our website: www.rathenau.nl/jaarverslag2013

Colophon

Copyright, Rathenau Instituut, The Hague 2014 Facts and Figures Rathenau Instituut Anna van Saksenlaan 51 Drooge, L. van, S. de Jong, Postal address: M. Faber en D. Westerheijden. P.O. Box 95366 Twintig jaar onderzoeksevaluatie. 2509 CJ The Hague - The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, Telephone: 070-3421542 2013. - 20 p. + appendix.. E-mail: [email protected] www.rathenau.org Goede, M. de, R. Belder & J. de Jonge. Academische Publisher: Rathenau Instituut carrières en loopbaanbeleid. - Design: Jacob & Jacobus The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, Photography: 2013. - 19 p. + appendix. Hollandse Hoogte (cover, p. 6 en p. 14) Getty Images (p. 4) Horlings, E., T. Gurney, J. Deuten Corbis (p. 5) & L. van Drooge. Patentaanvragen Loes Sleedoorn (p. 9) door kennisinstellingen. - The Robert Jan Stokman (p. 11) Hague: Rathenau Instituut, 2013. ingimage (p. 10 en p. 18) - 35 p. iStock (p.19) Printing: Quantes, Rijswijk Steen, J. van. Overzicht Totale Text: David Redeker Onderzoek Financiering (TOF): Translation: LanguageLab, Amsterdam 2011-2017. - The Hague: Rathenau Instituut, 2013. - 14 p. The Rathenau Instituut has an Open Access policy. Reports and background studies, scientific articles, and software are published publicly and free of charge. Research data are made freely available, while respecting laws and ethical norms, copyrights, privacy and the rights of third parties.

This publication may be printed, photocopied or otherwise duplicated and/or published for non-commercial purposes, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Duplication or publication for any other purpose only with the prior permission of the publisher. Would you like a copy? You will find PDF versions of our publications at www.rathenau.nl/ publicaties and on the staff pages of those who contributed. You can request a free copy of many of our publications by sending an e-mail to [email protected] . The Rathenau Instituut promotes the formation of political and public opinion on science and technology. To this end, the Institute studies the organization and development of science systems, publishes about social impact of new technologies, and organizes debates on issues and dilemmas in science and technology.

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